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考点 12 阅读之细节理解（原
卷版）
【命题趋势】
细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。有些
答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，如计
算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大
的比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。
【重要考向】
一、识别细节理解题；
二、细节题解题方法；
考向一
识别细节理解题
【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green
salad, rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation.
I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought
way too much; I could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as
Elizabeth Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away
— from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown intorestaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food
waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest
producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”
25. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
【细节题的识别提分秘籍】
1. 细节题的设题方式
(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。
According to the passage, when / where / what / who / why / how (many)….
例如：
When / Where did the story happen?
What did the author think about after getting up?
Who is Lucy according to the passage?
Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?
How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?
(2) 文段篇章细节题
Which of the following is (not) true / false according to the passage?
From the passage, we can learn that ______.
According to passage, we know that ______.
(3) 排序题
Choose the right time order of the following events in ...
2. 细节题的选项特征
(1) 正确选项特征：
a. 与原文一致。
考向二
细节理解题解题方法【典例】
【2022年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of
some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others? A ground-breaking, five-
year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the
world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f”
and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by
Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it
hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws
changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on?
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution. C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals?
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
【细节理解题型提分秘籍】
1. 判断关键词
(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：
a. 大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最
高级），动词，名词。
b. 若题干中没有细节信息，如 “What can you learn from the passage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项中寻找定
位词，方法一致。
(2) 划出关键词。如：
1.Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?
大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）2.The TV ads of Sparrow ______.
大写字母开头的词（专有名词、人名）
3.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ______.
数字
4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy?
数字（时间），大写字母开头的词
5.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that ______.
数字（英文时间）
6.We can learn from the last paragraph that ______.
形容词
7.We learn from the text that in 2008 ______.
数字（时间）
8.At the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ______.
数字（英文时间）
9.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?
形容词，数字（时间）
10.While the Bowler family was living in the 1900 house, ______.
大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）
2. 关键词回文定位
即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解
答。
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解B篇】Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-
recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved
skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut
inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently
shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another
year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a
shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In
the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition
alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that
Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to
two-year-old babies.
24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.
C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.
25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?
A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.
C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’tnervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
【2022年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.
Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb
beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went
our separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not
fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
33. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A. He goes to work by boat. B. He looks forward to a new life.
C. He pilots catamarans well. D. He is attached to the old ferries.
【2022年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it
would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year
ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制
造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
,
However some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to
have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
32. Why was the sugar tax introduced?
.
A To collect money for schools. B. To improve the quality of drinks.
C. To protect children’s health. D. To encourage research in education.
33. How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A. They turned to overseas markets. B. They raised the prices of their products.
C. They cut down on their production. D. They reduced their products’ sugar content.
34. From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A. Most alcoholic drinks. B. Milk-based drinks. C. Fruit juices. D. Classic Coke.
【2022年1月浙江卷阅读理解C篇】
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there's a new bonus to add to the ever-growing list.Newresearch found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be nearly 90 percent less likely to develop
dementia（失智症）in later life-and if they did，it came on a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr.Helena Horder, of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden,said:“These findings are exciting
because it's possible that improving people's cardiovascular（心血管的）fitness in middle age could delay or even
prevent them from developing dementia.”
For the study,191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they were tired out to
measure their peak（最大值的）cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or higher. While 92
women were in the medium fitness category; A total of 59 were of low fitness level ,with a peak workload of 80 watts
or less,or having their tests stopped because of health problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During that time,44 of
the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed dementia,compared to 25 percent of
the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the women with low fitness.
"However,this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and dementia, it only shows
an association.said Horder. More research is needed to see if improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk
of dementia and also to look at when during a lifetime a high fitness level is most important." She also admitted that a
relatively small number of women were studied,all of whom were from Sweden,so the results might not be applicable
to other groups.
27.What is on the ever-growing list mentioned in the first paragraph?
A.Positive effects of doing exercises. B.Exercises suitable for the middle-aged.
C.Experimental studies on dementia. D.Advantages of sporty women over men.
28.Why did the researchers ask the women to do bicycle exercise?
A.To predict their maximum heart rate. B.To assess their cardiovascular capacity.
C.To change their habit of working out. D.To detect their potential health problems.
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an
astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.
Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these
resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overlyambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations,
greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】
Most page turners are piano students or up-and-coming concert pianists, although Ms Raspopova has once asked
her husband to help her out on stage.
“My husband is the worst page turner,” she laughed. “He’s interested in the music, feeling every note, and I have
to say: ‘Turn, turn!’ “Robert is the best page turner I’ve had in my entire life.”
27. Why is Ms Raspopova’s husband “the worse page turner”?
.
A He has very poor eyesight. B. He ignores the audience.
C. He has no interest in music. D. He forgets to do his job.
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解A篇】
Then he found a digital mapping program. He spent years searching for his hometown in the program’s satellite
pictures. In 2011, he came across something familiar. He studied it and realized he was looking at a town’s central
business district from a bird’s-eye view. He thought, “On the right-hand side you should see the three-platform train
station” — and there it was. “And on the left-hand side you should see a big fountain” — and there it was. Everything
just started to match.
22. How did Brierley find his hometown?
A. By analyzing old pictures.
B. By travelling all around India.
C. By studying digital maps.
D. By spreading his story via his book.
【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解B篇】
At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life
today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to themark. But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy. Families are pressed for time, many with both parents
working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car-dependent neighborhoods
with limited public transport.
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well-being, as well as lost opportunities
(机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings. And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and
talk with their young scholar about their day.
24. Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph?
A. To make comparisons.
B. To introduce the topic.
C. To support her argument.
D. To provide examples.
25. What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity?
A. Plain laziness.
B. Health problems.
C. Lack of time.
D. Security concerns.
【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解D篇】
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking.
They were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total
silence to 50 decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were
statistically insignificant; however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise
similar to background chatter in a coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were
small, this may suggest that our creative thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels
of background noise.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves
from getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-
to-face interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a
certain level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
33. Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?A. Total silence. B. 50 decibels C. 70 decibels. D. 8 5 decibels.
34. What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A. Personal privacy unprotected. B. Limited working space.
C. Restrictions on group discussion. D. Constant interruptions.
【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解D篇】
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes
of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender,
race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself
"marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a
group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
25. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】
But even then, what he had wasn't quite what he wanted. Nielsen always felt he should be doing
comedy but his good looks and distinguished voice kept him busy in dramatic roles. It wasn't until1980-32 years into
his career-that he landed the role it would seem he was made for in Airplane! That movie led him into the secondhalf of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie
reviewers would not rate it highly.
22. What do we know about Nielsen in the second half of his career?
A. He directed some high quality movies. B. He avoided taking on new challenges.
C. He focused on playing dramatic roles. D. He became a successful comedy actor.
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer
race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees
stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this
strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor
of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
28. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A. They must run long distances.
B. They are qualified for the marathon.
C. They have to follow special rules.
D. They are good at swinging their legs.
【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race
walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history
of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should
probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s more effective in body building.
D. It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30 What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ opinions. B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced coach. D. Doing regular exercises.9. 【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解D篇】
The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further — changing the
actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants
that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful
chemicals in groundwater. ＂We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that
we use every day,＂explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.
33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers?
A. To detect plants’ lack of water. B. To change compositions of plants.
C. To make the life of plants longer. D. To test chemicals in plants.
【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago,
found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found
to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income, education and
the amount of parent talk, Levine said.
24. In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?
A. Building confidence. B. Developing spatial skills.
C. Learning self-control. D. Gaining high-tech knowledge.
25.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？
A. Parents’ age. B. Children’s imagination.
C. Parents’ education. D. Child-parent relationship.
【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found
children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months
of age.
“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their
ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.
26. How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?
A. They play with puzzles more often.
B. They tend to talk less during the game.C. They prefer to use more spatial language.
D. They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.
【2020全国卷III阅读理解D篇】
On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation — not to
air or to food, but to the ocean. A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers. The
Bajau, as these people are known, number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines.
They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times, they’ve also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal
waters. “They are simply a stranger to the land," said Redney C. Jubilado, a University of Hawaii researcher who
studies the Bajau.
Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines. They made a living as
divers, spearfishing or harvesting shellfish. "We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than
us local islanders," Dr. Jubilado said. “I could see them actually walking under the sea."
33. Where do the Bajau build their houses?
A. In valleys. B. Near rivers. C. On the beach. D. Off the coast.
34. Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau?
A. They could walk on stilts all day. B. They had a superb way of fishing.
C. They could stay long underwater. D. They lived on both land and water.
1【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生
物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these
technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets
around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with
which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of
security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These
patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by
extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone
gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses akeyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word ＂touch＂four
times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different
participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard
should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts.
The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】
I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many. The
unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule, sends out emails, and collects money for end-of-season gifts. Somewhere
along the way, the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team. The coach is able to focus on
the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season. Handing out sliced oranges to
bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal.
26. What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3?
A. She gets interested in lacrosse. B. She is proud of her kids.
C. She’ll work for another season. D. She becomes a good helper.
1【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】
HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA engineers. For the past two
years, Gordon’s students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they’re
close to a solution（解决方案）. “We don’t give the students any breaks. They have to do it just likeNASA engineers,” says Florence Gold, a project manager.
"There are no tests," Gordon says. "There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other
than 'Are you working towards your goal?' Basically, it’s 'I’ve got to produce this product and then, at
the end of year, present it to NASA.' Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and... it’s not a
very nice thing at times. It’s a hard business review of your product."
34. What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?
A. Check their product. B. Guide project designs.
C. Adjust work schedules. D. Grade their homework.
1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解C篇】
Before the 1830s,most newspapers were sold through annual subscriptions in America, usually $8 to $10 a
year. Today $8 or $10 seems a small amount of money, but at that time these amounts were forbidding to most
citizens. Accordingly, newspapers were read almost only by rich people in politics or the trades. In addition, most
newspapers had little in them that would appeal to a mass audience. They were dull and visually forbidding. But the
revolution that was taking place in the 1830s would change all that.
28.Which of the following best describes newspapers in America before the 1830s?
A. Academic. B. Unattractive. C. Inexpensive. D. Confidential.
1【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解D篇】
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of
numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the
monkeys combined—or added—the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the
experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a
symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the
number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys
touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they
went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers—17 in this example.
33. How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A. By drawing a circle. B. By touching a screen.
C. By watching videos. D. By mixing two drinks.（2022·浙江温州·二模）
Cuaya and her colleagues decided to use brain images from MRI scanning to shed light on her hunch. They
worked with dogs of various ages that had, until the experiment, only heard their owners speak just one of the two
languages, Spanish or Hungarian. Not surprisingly, getting the dogs to happily take part in the experiment took
some creative coaxing and animal training! The researchers first needed to teach Kun-kun and her 17 fellow
participating dogs including a labradoodle, a golden retriever and Australian shepherds, to lie still in a brain
scanner. Their pet parents were always present, and they could leave the scanner at any point.
2．What did Cuaya consider when choosing dogs for study?
A．Age limits. B．Brain patterns.
C．Language exposure.D．Owners' commands.
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
A study led by Plana-Ripoll, a doctor at Aarhus University in Denmark, tries to deal with a fundamental
question that has bothered researchers for more than a century—what exactly causes mental illness?
In the hope of finding the answer, scientists have piled up a large amount of data over the past decade, through
studies of genes and brain activity. They have found that many of the same genes underlie seemingly distinct
disorders and that changes in the brain’s decision-making systems could be involved in many conditions.
The researchers are also rethinking theories of how our brains go wrong. The idea that mental illness can be
classified into distinct, separate categories like “anxiety” has been disproved to a large extent. Instead, recently
they’ve found that disorders shade into each other, and there are no hard dividing lines.
The researchers are trying to understand the biology that underlies mental illness. They have a few theories.
Perhaps there are several dimensions of mental illness, so depending on how a person scores on each dimension,
they might be more likely to have some disorders than others. An alternative idea is that there is a single factor that
makes people easier to suffer from mental illness in general. What disorder they develop is then determined by
other factors. Both ideas are being taken seriously though the former one is more widely accepted by the
researchers.The details are still unclear, but most researchers agree that one thing is specific: The old system of
categorizing mental disorders into neat boxes does not work. They are also hopeful that, in the long run, replacing
this framework with one that is grounded in biology will lead to new drugs and treatments. The researchers aim to
reveal, for instance, the key genes, brain regions and neurological processes involved in psychopathology(精神病
理学), and target them with treatments. Although it might take a while to get there, they are long-term optimistic if
the field really does its work.
8．What aspect of mental illness has been puzzling researchers according to the text?
A．Its symptoms. B．Its roots.
C．Its categories. D．Its theories.
9．What have the researchers found from the recent study?
A．There exist links between mental disorders.
B．Brain function has little to do with mental illness.
C．Mental illness is classified into different categories.
D．Genes are completely different in distinct mental disorders.
10．Which one is more widely accepted by the researchers according to paragraph 4?
A．The theory of genetic influences.
B．The belief of brain abnormalities.
C．The concept of multiple dimensions.
D．The idea of the determined risk factor.
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Having both the curiosity and passion to explore the world is rewarding, Acquiring new skills after class is
necessary and beneficial. To help you on your journey of self-growth and discovery, here are some free learning
tools available for self-learners.
Khan Academy
Khan Academy is one of the most popular learning tools out there. It offers over 4,000 free courses from a
huge variety of disciplines. One of the best things about the platform is that it’s available in many other languages
other than English. It is a mobile app with wonderful videos to keep your learning on the go.
Duolingo
Speaking of learning on the go, Duolingo is also one of the most popular mobile learning apps. The app offersyou the opportunity to learn a language. Flashcards, multiple-choice questions, and translation exercises help you
pick up vocabulary and grammar. If you want to get started learning a new language, Duolingo can give you an
excellent foundation.
The Uiniversity of Oxford
England’s oldest university offers over 600 online courses, sets of teaching materials, and lecture series on its
open education platform. This makes it one of the most invaluable learning tools on the Internet. Unlike courses on
other platforms, Oxford’s courses and lectures aren’t laid out to give introductions to broad topics. Instead, learners
can deep-dive into specific attractive subjects, such as the late works of Schumann, or the performance history of
Medea.
BookBoon
If you’re the learner type who likes text and text only, BookBoon is a great resource for you. It offers over 50
million e-books and textbooks on just about any subject that you can think of. From an introduction to essay writing
to the philosophy of artificial intelligence, BookBoon has almost covered everything.
12．What do Khan Academy and Duolingo have in common?
A．They are only available in English.
B．They offer thousands of free courses.
C．They belong to mobile learning apps.
D．They are platforms for learning classroom discipline.
13．What is unique about the University of Oxford?
A．It covers specific courses. B．It includes video teaching.
C．It is available for self-learners. D．It provides online courses.
14．Which is the fittest one for text-loving learners?
A．Khan Academy. B．Duolingo.
C．The University of Oxford. D．BookBoon.
（2022·河北邯郸·一模）
Starting in early January, 15-year-old Abby Gagne spent some weekends walking through snow in the 330
acres of woods around her house “tapping” trees. Abby’s family are sugar makers. For five generations, her family
have collected sap from maple trees. They boil it down into the thick sweet syrup that North Americans love to
apply on their pancakes.Abby’s dad, Jason drills holes 1.5 inches deep into the trunks of maples in the woods. Sugar makers tap only
older trees. These are usually at least 40 years old and 10 inches thick at chest height. They stick a tap into each
hole, usually one per tree. Taps made of plastic are used for sap to flow through. They will come out at the end of
the season, and the holes will return to health.
19．What did Abby help do on weekends?
A．Collect maple branches. B．Drill holes in the woods.
C．Boil the thick sweet syrup. D．Get sap from maple trees.
（2022·重庆南开中学模拟预测）
Team China’s teenage freeski superstar Gu Ailing had halfpipe gold wrapped up by her second run at Genting
Snow Park in Zhangjiakou. “I’ve never taken a victory lap before in my entire life, but this time I felt like I finally
deserve it,” Gu told reporters after becoming the first athlete to win Olympic medals in all three freeski events. Her
big victory at the 2021 X Games in Aspen, Colorado, where she won Big Air, halfpipe and slopestyle golds,
increased the expectation level for her Olympic performance in Beijing.
Born in California to a Chinese mother, Gu began competing for China when she was 15 in 2019, stating her
aim to inspire millions of young people during the 2022 Winter Olympics in Beijing and promote the sport she
loves. Since then, the outstanding part-time model and grade-A student has been busy gaining records, titles and
firsts. All the while her superstar status has snowballed, as evidenced by her millions of followers on social media.
The 18-year-old also clearly feels she has achieved much away from the sporting arena at Beijing 2022 and
she has become the inspiration for many. “After reading hundreds of messages that I get every day from young girls
saying that they go sking because of me and they want to keep going or they, you know, broke their boundaries in
some other way and felt inspired by something that I said, I feel all those little things are immensely rewarding.”
When asked about her future plan, she had no idea whether she would continue to compete in freestyle skiing.
“I’m going to do whatever feels right, and hopefully I’ll be able to create some kind of positive change out of any
position that I'm in,” said Gu.
23．Gu was the first athlete to________.
A．take a victory lap in the Olympics B．gain three golds at the 2021 X Games
C．win three golds in the Olympic events D．get Olympic medals in three freeski events
24．What do we know about Gu?
A．She was born in China. B．She did well in different fields.
C．Her superstar status badly affected her life. D．Her aim was to promote the Winter Olympics.（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
Sleeping badly or working night shifts could be making you fat, weak and more likely to become diabetic. A
study has revealed sleep loss changes the way people’s DNA works and makes the body more dedicated to storing
fat. Muscles get smaller and fat stores begin to rise when people lose as little as one night’s sleep, the experts found.
Although midnight snacks or being too tired to exercise could be blamed for tired people getting fatter, there may
now be a more scientific reason.
Researchers have linked losing sleep to weight gain in the past but have found it difficult to explain—now
they reveal it could be linked to the body clock. And a tired body also becomes less able to handle sugar in the
blood which raises the risk of someone developing type 2 diabetes.
31．If you sleep badly or work night shifts, what may not happen to you according to the text?
A．You can be fat, weak and more likely to become diabetic.
B．Your body may become less able to handle sugar in the blood.
C．You might develop a habit of eating midnight snacks or being too tired to exercise.
D．Your body is more absorbed in storing fat.
（2022·江西·南昌二中一模）
In their letters to Santa Claus, most kids ask for toys, dolls or maybe a new Xbox. All Jonah Simons wanted
was a coronavirus cure to save the world. That was last year. This holiday season, the 10-year-old Florida boy is
back with a different request for Santa.
“Dear Santa, it’s Jonah. Do you remember me? I was the one who asked for a covid cure,” he wrote in a letter
addressed to the North Pole and shared with CNN. “Thank you so much for the vaccine! You helped save lives.
This year, can I please have a Santa costume to spread your joy around the world?”
35．What does Jonah want as a Christmas gift this year?
A．A covid cure. B．Toys and dolls.
C．Anew Xbox. D．A Santa suit.
