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考点 28 阅读理解之词义猜测题（核心考点精讲精
练）
1. 高考真题考点分布
考点分布
试卷 篇 词
年份 体裁 话题
细节 推理 主旨 词义
类型 序 数
理解 判断 大意 猜测
人与社会：栖息地修复工作队
A 应用文 199 3 0 0 0
志愿者招募
新 高 夹叙来 人与社会：美国兽医采用针灸
B 296 0 3 1 0
考 全 议文 技术治疗动物
国 I 人与社会：纸质阅读与数字阅
C 说明文 339 1 2 0 1
卷 读在学习效果上的差异
人与自然：现代生物采样数据
D 说明文 358 1 3 0 0
的科学性
( 应 用
A 290 人与自然：四种徒步活动 3 0 0 0
文
新 高
人与社会：：旧金山湾区快速
考 全 B 说明文 276 2 2 0 0
交通引入短篇故事自助服务亭
国 II
C 说明文 268 人与社会：巴比伦微农场 2 1 1 0
卷
2024
人与社会：图书《人工智能设
D 说明文 321 0 3 0 1
计:与人工智能共生的计划》
人与社会：哈佛社区的 ARTS
A 应用文 226 2 1 0 0
FIRST艺术节
全 国
B 说明文 302 人与自然：了解猫的行为 1 1 1 1
甲卷
人与社会：提供医疗服务的圣
C 说明文 267 1 3 0 0
卢卡斯列车
人与社会：谈论文学作品的最
D 说明文 348 1 3 0 0
佳结局
A 应用文 240 人与自我：语言交流项目 3 0 0 0
北 京 人与自我：作者重拾画油画的
B 记叙文 354 1 3 0 0
卷
信心并接受了自身局限性
C 议论文 408 人与社会：讨论科学问题： 0 3 0 1宇宙是否是由计算机模拟生
成的
人与社会：人类道德准则的
D 说明文 384 形成过程及人类建立道德准 1 1 1 0
则的标准
人与社会：音乐剧《汤姆·索
A 应用文 233 3 0 0 0
亚:河流历险记》
浙 江 B 记叙文 338 人与社会：感受电话亭变迁 1 3 0 0
1 月
人与自然：加拿大Alberta防雹
C 议论文 313 3 1 0 0
卷
千预计划之争
人与自我：儿童棉花糖实验引
D 说明文 339 1 1 1 0
发思考
A 应用文 209 人与社会：自行车租赁广告 3 0 0 0
人与自然：微生物处理净化废
新 高 B 记叙文 340 1 3 0 0
水
考 全
人与社会：数字时代如何做到
国 I C 说明文 322 1 2 0 1
极简生活
卷
人与社会：“群体智慧”效应
D 说明文 339 1 2 1 0
的基本原理
人与自然：今年息季在黄石国
A 应用文 256 家公园举办的一系列护林员项 3 0 0 0
目
新 高
人与社会：Urban Sprouts学校
考 全 B 记叙文 273 2 1 1 0
园艺项目
国 II
2023 人与社会：图书《阅读艺术:图
卷 C 说明文 321 1 2 0 1
书爱好者的艺术》
人与自然：城市中自然场所的
D 说明文 320 3 1 0 0
存在对居民的健康至关重要
人与社会：开启曼谷美食之旅
A 应用文 263 3 0 0 0
的建议
人 与 社 会 ： DIY 能 手 Terri
B 记叙文 277 1 2 0 1
全 国 Bolton的故事
甲卷 人与社会：一本有关哲学的书
C 说明文 333 1 3 0 0
唤起作者对哲学的热爱
人与自然：美国灰熊的生存环
D 说明文 319 2 2 0 0
境和生存状况
全 国 A 应用文 229 人与社会：四位从事医学实践 3 0 0 0的女性的生平和经历
人与自我：一名专业的风景摄
B 记叙文 311 1 3 0 0
影师的生活和拍照经历
人与社会：电视烹饪节目对英
乙卷 C 说明文 295 2 2 0 0
国人烹饪习惯和观念的影响
人与社会：要客观公平地讲述
D 议论文 343 历史不仅需要文字资料，也需 0 2 1 1
要实物史料加以佐证
人与社会：国际奥林匹克委员
A 应用文 237 3 0 0 0
会青年领袖计划
人与自我：被拒绝也不是坏
B 记叙文 386 事，这意味着你能重新确定自 1 3 0 0
北 京
己的方向。
卷
人与社会：人类社会发展中人
C 说明文 366 0 3 0 0
们的短视现象
人与社会：AI 对现代生活的
D 说明文 429 0 2 1 1
影响
人与社会：儿童露营的内客与
A 应用文 220 3 0 0 0
安排
夹叙夹
浙 江 B 346 人与社会：零废弃的生活方式 0 2 1 1
议
1 月
人与社会：软件程序“Project
卷 C 说明文 314 0 3 0 1
Debater”以及它明显的缺陷
人与自然：旧式太阳能农场的
D 说明文 318 2 2 0 0
弊端:破坏土壤
A 应用文 235 人与社会：课程评分办法 3 0 0 0
夹叙夹 人与自然：日常生活食物浪费
新 高 B 347 3 1 0 0
议文 现象
考 全
人与社会：关爱养老院老人的
国 I C 说明文 298 1 2 0 1
养鸡项目
卷
人与自我：人类语言发展的研
D 说明文 341 2 1 1 0
2022
究
A 应用文 235 人与社会：儿童博物馆团体游 2 1 0 0
新 高
人与社会：媒体记者对新媒体
考 全 B 记叙文 324 2 1 0 1
时代的感悟
国 II
C 说明文 289 人与社会：禁止开车使用手机 1 1 1 1
卷
D 说明文 356 人与自我：有氧运动延缓甚至 2 2 0 0逆转心脏衰老
人与社会：英国卡迪夫市艺术
A 应用文 287 3 0 0 0
剧院
人与自然：鹦鹉识别物体形状
全 国
B 说明文 255 2 1 1 0
的实验
甲卷
C 记叙文 305 人与社会：难忘的南极之旅 1 1 1 1
D 说明文 340 人与社会：悉尼新旧文化冲突 2 1 1 0
人与社会：苏格兰画家画展信
A 应用文 194 3 0 0 0
息
人 与 社 会 ： 介 绍 Dorothy
B 说明文 319 2 2 0 0
全 国 Wickenden的书籍
乙卷 人与社会：无人机在铁路交通
C 说明文 314 0 2 1 1
中的应用
人与社会：英国征收糖税的起
D 说明文 325 3 1 0 0
因及效果
A 应用文 281 同伴辅助学习课程(PASS) 3 0 0 0
参加保护自然活动治愈好了焦
B 记叙文 348 3 1 0 0
虑
北 京
解决全球挑战的重要方法——
卷 C 说明文 415 1 2 0 0
系统思维
量子计算真的会像它的宣传那
D 议论文 400 1 1 1 1
样成功吗？
Merebeth--自营宠物运输专
A 记叙文 353 0 2 0 1
家。
浙 江 文章按照时间顺序讲述了蒸汽
B 说明文 283 0 3 0 0
1 月 时代和电力时代的联系。
卷 经常锻炼的中年女性在老年时
C 说明文 342 罹患失智症的几率会大大降 3 1 0 0
低。
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
根据表格分析可知，近三年来阅读理解考查词义猜测题共18次，主要考查：
1. 单词或短语猜测题；
2. 句意猜测题；
3. 代词指代题。
【备考策略】无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文
化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。因此，在阅读过程中，考生需要结合语境，联系上下文进行猜测。此外，
掌握一定的猜词技巧，对提高阅读能力都有非常重要的意义。高考阅读理解中可以含有不超过3%的生词量.
在考试中碰到一些不认识的单词和词组，这是正常现象，大可不必惊慌失措,也不要因为对某个词的含义纠
缠不清而影响阅读的速度和阅读的质量。
3.【命题预测】
预测2025年高考英语阅读理解试题难度会保持相对稳定，词义猜测题仍然会以单词或短语猜测题、
句意猜测题和代词指代题为主。
【必备基础知识】
一、【猜测词义命题解读】
猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。从 2015
年开始，《考试说明》便把以往考纲中的“根据上下文推断生词的词义”修订为“根据上下文推断单
词和短语的含义”。这一变化需引起我们的高度关注，这说明高考对猜词能力的考查范围更广了、要
求更高了。词句猜测题它可以是对一个单词的意义的推断,也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断。词句
猜测题既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解
题中,所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上,而要根据短文提供的语境,通过阅读上下文,根据已知的
信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
二、【猜测词义解题策略】
题型1 词义(词组)猜测题 考查考生猜测文章中某个生词或短语的含义,或考查该词能被哪个单词或短语代替
考查考生准确理解作者的观点,尤其是对特定的人、物、事件的褒贬观点,以准确推断语句的
题型2 句意猜测题
含义
题型3 代词指代题 要求考生依据语境的逻辑关系
方法1：关注词的功能。授课过程中引导学生关注构词法、词的情感色彩、同义词、反义词、上下义词。
方法2：关注语篇中的解释功能。引导学生总结解释的几种方式：下定义、定语（从句）、同位语（从
句）、举例子、标点符号等。
方法3：关注逻辑关系。引导学生总结几种常见的逻辑关系：因果、转折、并列、递进等。
正确 逻辑通顺 内容上与词或短语所在的句子、段落有关，符合上下文逻辑；
选项 代词查询 代词指代有时与上文距离较远，需要对前文内容进行总结才能得出结论；
特征 本意延伸 真实的含义与其字面意思无关，在原意的基础上进行延伸或者拓展；
接近原意 采取转述、举例或列举等表达方式，与原句意思最接近。
干 扰 1.构词法干扰，指片面地从构词法的角度猜测、思考，不考虑上下文语境，望词生义；
项 特 2.句子解释中含有过多原句中已有的词和短语的选项一般是错误选项。
征 3拘泥于字面意思，根据所学过的熟词意义常使考生觉得画线词义背过而忽略上下文主
观臆断。01 词义(词组)猜测题
一、【设问方式】
By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________.
In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by “______”．
The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？
As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.
The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.
二、【词义(词组)猜测题7大猜词技巧】
要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积
累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下
文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
1.利用释义法解题
在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该
词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或
解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释。标点符号，如逗号后
的解释(名词同位语)、破折号后的解释、括号内的解释等。这都是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例
如：
①Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly.
句子给予了annealing一个明确的定义，即“退火”。
②It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily.
从that is(也就是说)后的解释中我们可以了解到，brittle是“脆的”意思。
③The herdsman, _who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.
定语从句中looks after sheep就表明了herdsman的词义为“牧人”。
④The weather in this area is treacherous; _its sudden changes often endanger the lives of sailors.
分号后的句子在解释什么样的天气是treacherous, sudden change与treacherous在语义上相对应，因此
含义是“突变的”。
⑤Some good readers find it helpful to use their sense to visualize — or picture — what they read.
visualize的意思由破折号后的picture(想象)给出了说明，因此含义为“想象”。
⑥When President Torrijos of Panama met Carter, he tried to give him a friendly abrazo (hug)．
abrazo对大多数人来说都很陌生，但由括号内的hug(拥抱)，我们不难推测abrazo也是“拥抱”的
意思。
例子1Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages
too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the
development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation
and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear,
and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
29．Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Complex. B．Advanced.
C．Powerful. D．Modern.
[分析] 根据画线词所在句子可知，人类社会发展的很多因素导致许多语言消失，而逐渐被英语、西班
牙语、汉语等语言取代，画线词前后的解释暗示了这些语言逐渐占主导地位，故选 C项powerful (强大
的，有影响力的)。
2.利用同位关系进行猜测
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，因此可利用同位关系对前面的词
义或句意进行猜测。例如：
①They traveled a long way, at last got to a castle, _a large building in old times.
同位语部分“a large building in old times”给出了castle的确切词义，即古时候的“城堡”。
②We are on the night _shift — from midnight to 8 a．m. — this week.
两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。
③The “Chunnel ”， a tunnel (隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.
此句中“a tunnel (隧道) connecting England and France”是Chunnel的同位语。因此，Chunnel指
的就是英法之间的海底隧道。
例子2
I am Peter Hodes, a volunteer stem cell courier . Since March 2012, I've done 89 trips — of those, 51
have been abroad. I have 42 hours to carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box because I've got two ice
packs and that's how long they last. In all, from the time the stem cells are harvested from a donor (捐献
者) to the time they can be implanted in the patient, we've got 72 hours at most. So I am always conscious
of time.
29．Which of the following can replace the underlined word “courier” in Paragraph 1?
A．provider B．delivery man
C．collector D．medical doctor
[分析] “a volunteer stem cell courier”是“Peter Hodes”的同位语；根据文中“I have 42 hours to
carry stem cells (干细胞) in my little box”可知，Peter Hodes的任务就是将捐献者捐献的干细胞运送给
需要的病人，即作者是干细胞递送员。故选择B项。
3.利用构词法(前缀、后缀、派生等)进行猜测
在英语中，有很多词可以通过增加前缀和后缀的方式，构成新词。乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，
但在掌握了一定的构词知识之后，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：①“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10，” Anaclerio said, “and they're very interactive and
creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”
文中interactive是由前缀inter(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)构成的，同时根据上下文的意思
可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。
②Perhaps, we can see some possibilities for next fifty years. But the next hundred?
possibility是possible的同根名词，据此可以判断possibility的意思是“可能性”。
例子3
A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, _or worry.
[分析] 根据构词法知识我们可知，un为否定前缀，ness为名词后缀，easy(舒适)为词根。因此，我们
可猜测uneasiness为“不安；担忧”之意。
4.利用因果关系进行猜测
在一篇阅读文章中，根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。例如：
①The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken. Sometimes the weakness was permanent . So the
player could never play the sport again.
从后面的结果“永远不能再运动”可以推测permanent的意思为“永远的，永久的”。
②Mary didn't notice me when I came into the classroom, because she was completely engrossed in
her reading.
从前面的结果“当我走进教室时，玛丽没有注意到我”可以推测 engrossed的意思为“全神贯注
的”。
③Our vision was obscured by the trees, so we couldn't see the lake from our window.
由后面的结果couldn't see(看不见)可知，我们的视线被树遮挡住(obscured)了。
例子4
If you have a _juicer, _you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out
comes a “softserve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's
party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice
cream come out below.
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?
A．A dessert. B．A drink.
C．A container. D．A machine.
[分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的后半句
和第二句， “you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘soft-
serve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是
奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
6.利用同义或近义关系进行猜测
在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调、重复，有时会使用意思相同或相
近的词。因此，考生只要读懂上下文，知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另外一个词的意思。[例]
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume
that more _is _more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own
kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
例子6…
32．What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more, the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money, more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.
[分析] 根据该段第一句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”可知，作者认
为成年人都理解物质过剩的那种感觉，后面又用反问句提出了问题：但是，说到孩子们和他们的物品，
我们为什么通常又认定more is more呢？由此推知，这里的 more is more与前面的 flooded with为近
义呼应，指“越多越好”。故选A。
6.利用常识法解题
在仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系和语境无法猜出词义时，我们可以借助生活经验和普通常识确定词
义。
例子6…（2020年江苏卷，C篇）
61. The underlined expression “ stomach it ” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “ ”.
A. digest the meal easily B. manage without breakfast
C. decide wisely what to eat D. eat whatever is offered
【解析】原文：For those who can stomach it， working out before breakfast may be more
beneficial for health than eating first， according to a study of meal timing and physical activity.
此题考查“stomach”的生僻意思。根据生活常识可知，有的人锻炼前不吃早饭是受不了的，所以此处
意为“如果可以忍受空腹的话，在吃早饭前去锻炼比吃过早餐后去锻炼好处更多”，故选B项。
7.利用转折或对比关系进行猜测
根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等可以推断上下文之间的逻辑关系，从而可以依
据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：
①A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; _it can be a basket of fun.
从分号前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun是相反的意义，所以不难判断hassle的意思
是“困难，麻烦”。
②She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but一词表示转折，因此but前后的意思正好相反。根据后半句的意思“她今天第一节课上了一半才
来”，可得出她平时一向“准时”的结论。
③The players in the World Cup are professionals, while those who play in the Olympics must
be amateurs .由于转折词“while”引导的两个分句前后意义相反，我们可推测出amateurs是professionals(专业人士)
的反义词，意思为“业余人士，业余选手”。
例子7…
Gray wolves once were seen here and there in the Yellowstone area and much of the continental United
States, but they were gradually displaced by human development. By the 1920s, wolves had practically
disappeared from the Yellowstone area. They went farther north into the deep forests of Canada, where
there were fewer humans around.
…
29．What does the underlined word “displaced” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Tested. B．Separated.
C．Forced out. D．Tracked down.
[分析] 画线词的前句说明在黄石公园和美洲大部分地区曾有许多的灰狼，连词but转折了句子意
义，后来由于人类的发展，灰狼数量逐渐减少，几乎消失，由此可推断出画线词的意思为“被迫离
开”，故选择C项。
1.【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷D篇片段】Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to
take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the
challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into
the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for
a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as
AI.
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
【答案】12. C
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码)
that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady
into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20
多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角
度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示
“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
2.【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are
listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The
answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration,
an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on
paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly
shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading
passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With
paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their
memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
.
A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
【答案】28. D
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more
successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更
多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更
有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a
reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员
从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应
是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所
以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
2.【2023·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选】...These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record
moments we can all relate to.
30.What do the underlined words “relate to” in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.Understand. B.Paint.C.Seize. D.Transform.
【解答思路】第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词: What, relate to, Paragraph 2, mean
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but
they record moments we can all relate to.(第二段)
第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知画线词所在的句子的意思:这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的,但它们记录
了一些我们都能理解的时刻。根据句中的转折意义可推知,此处与画线短语“relate to”的意思最相近的为A
项“理解、认识到”。故选 __A__。反思：解题时,根据定位信息的语境排除B项的paint;而C项seize的意思是“抓住;占领;夺取”等,和画线词
的语境也明显不符,故排除。
【技巧提示】依据题干信息,定位关键词语。单词或短语意义猜测题一般是对文章某一单词或短语内容的考
查,且题目相对直接,所以不必通读细读全文,可通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。 根据转折或对比
关系进行猜测。在一个句子或段落中,有时会出现对两种事物或现象进行对比的描述,考生可以利用这种关
系猜测词义。表示对比关系的词语主要有：however,but,instead,despite,unlike,yet,while,whereas,rather
than,instead of,in spite of,on the contrary,on the other hand,in contrast等。
（2023·安徽马鞍山·模拟预测）The Internet offers us an opportunity to know more people (without
actually needing to “know them”), with very little effort. But are online friendships the same as in-real-life (IRL)
friendships?
How people see online friendships and IRL friendships depends on their age. While digital immigrants (such
as I) support scientist John Suler’s belief that people “separate their online lives from their offline lives”, the digital
natives growing with Facebook and Instagram find differences between online and offline friendships more unclear.
The Pew Research Center (PRC) finds that 57% of American teens make new friends online. But, it also
finds that most “digital friendships” stay in the digital space with only 20% of teens having met an online friend in
person. It seems that real-time friendships are considered more valuable than digital friendships even among the
digital natives. Best friends meet most often at schools and homes, although online meetings come a close third.
The reason why online friendships are placed below IRL friendships is the absence of physical intimacy (亲密).
So, is the Internet bad for relationships? Obviously not. But for the net, I could have never kept in touch with
or met my high school friend after a quarter of a century. But even if there is no physical separation, the digital
native seems to find online interactions with real-life friends beneficial. 83% of teen social media users believe that
social media makes them feel more connected to their friends’ lives. 78% of online gaming teens (mostly boys) feel
more connected to existing friends with whom they play games.
However, online interactions can have an adverse effect on existing relationships. 68% of teen social media
users report having experienced unpleasant feelings toward their friends on social media and 26% of all teens have
had an argument with a friend over something that happened online or over text messages.
The Internet is undoubtedly an invaluable link between people separated by distance. But this link must be
based on intimacy and familiarity and a balance of online and offline interactions will pave the way for better
relationships in the world.
3．What does the underlined word “adverse” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Lasting. B．Harmful. C．Decisive. D．Noticeable.
【答案】 3．B
3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“68% of teen social media users report having experienced unpleasant
feelings toward their friends on social media and 26% of all teens have had an argument with a friend over
something that happened online or over text messages.(68%的青少年社交媒体用户报告说，他们在社交媒体上对朋友产生了不愉快的感觉，26%的青少年曾因为网上或短信上发生的事情与朋友发生过争吵。)”可推测，
在线互动可能会对现有的关系产生不利影响。划线词adverse的意思为“不利的”。选项A“Lasting(持久
的)”；选项B“Harmful (有害的)”；选项C“Decisive (果断的)”；选项D“Noticeable (显而易见的)”。故选B。
02 句意猜测题
句意猜测题通常是一个具有概括性的句子，或是格言、谚语等，通过阅读文章，对其进行直接的或解
释性的描述。
主要设题形式：
The underlined sentence in the last paragraph means ____．
The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to __________.
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia
tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
【答案】4. B
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting
with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故
事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而
这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。
故选B。
（2024·江西·一模）One of China’s first female sea-rescue pilots looks back in pride at 300-plus missions
and promises to save more lives. When the perfect storm brews(酝酿) over the boundless sea and lives are in
danger, a crew of highly trained professionals embarks on a mission impossible to search for and rescue survivors
from the rough waters. Wan Qiuwen is one of them. And, she’s a woman.
The 36-year-old from Shanghai has broken the glass ceiling to become one of China’s first two femalerescue helicopter pilots who respond to search and rescue missions involving cargo ship snags(货船遇险), vessel
accidents, medical emergencies and special marine operations. The demanding nature of the profession had always
favored male candidates until the rules were changed for the first and only time. She says, “Rescue at sea can be
both challenging and terrifying. If you don’t think and act fast, people may die.”
On Aug 20,2020, an oil tanker ferrying 3,000 metric tons of gasoline collided with a cargo ship loaded with
sand and gravel about 1.5 nautical miles (2,778 meters) southeast of the Yangtze River estuary, sparking a fire on
the deck of the oil tanker and causing the latter to sink. Wan was among the first respondents. She flew to the site
from Gaodong helicopter airport, which is the country’s first-of-its-kind marine rescue launchpad(发射台). “The
tanker was still burning and there was a thick envelope of smoke, reducing visibility to near zero.” she recalls. And
yet, with her sea wisdom, Wan spotted a survivor and executed a successful rescue operation. She hovered above
the troubled waters for a couple of minutes to estimate the best extraction point, and then threw down a rope and
pulled up a seriously injured crew member.
Now, a mother of a boy, when people ask her if she will continue to fly once her child grows up, Wan’s
response is affirmative. “This profession is about saving lives and I am a rescue pilot, once and always.”
9．What do the underlined words “broken the glass ceiling” probably mean?
A．Winning wide praise. B．Making a personal breakthrough.
C．Disobeying rules of her career. D．Breaking barriers preventing women’s advancement.
【答案】9．D
9．词句猜测题。根据第二段中“The demanding nature of the profession had always favored male candidates
until the rules were changed for the first and only time.(这一职业的高要求性质历来偏向于男性候选人，直到规
则首次也是唯一一次改变)”可知，划线部分指的是万秋雯成为首批女性海上救援直升机飞行员之一的事迹，
意味着她突破了阻碍女性晋升的障碍，故划线部分与D选项“打破阻碍女性晋升的障碍”意思相近。故选
D。
03 代词指代题
代词指代题要求考生根据一定的语境推测代词（如 that, this, it, they, them, one等）所指代的内容。此类题
目主要考查考生整体理解语篇的能力，理解相关句子的意义及上下文之间的逻辑关系是解这类题目的关键。
解答代词指代题时，也可按照上期所讲的解答名词（短语）指代题的步骤，将选项代入划线词所在句，看
句意是否符合上下文逻辑。此外，了解一定的语篇照应（指用代词等语法手段来表示语义关系）知识也有
助于解答代词指代题。比如，一般来说，this和these既可用于前照应，又可用于后照应，但that和those
通常只用于前照应。因此，寻找that和those指代的内容时，只需要关注上文内容即可。
1.【2024浙江1月卷】When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone call —
,
not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006.
I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress sometalented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it
seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked
outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory
Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time
to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public
telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by
can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be
stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous
books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great
books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect
me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
【答案】4. B
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in
London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房
看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。
2.(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·C篇节选) An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device
called the Textalyzer.It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of
the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could
determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s
hands-free driving laws. “We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix
W.Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,
he said,“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”
31.What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Advice. B.Data.C.Tests. D.Laws.
【解答思路】
第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph
第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:We need something on the books that can change people’s
behavior我们需要一些能改变人们行为的有案可查的东西。(画线词所在的句子)If the Textalyzer bill becomeslaw, he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.”如果文本分析仪法案成为
法律,他说:“人们会更害怕把手放在手机上。”(画线词下文)
比对选项信息:根据原文信息可知,画线词指代下文中的law,即法律。故选 D 。
反思：考生在解答本题时,要注意画线词后文对答案的提示作用,特别注意画线词前后文的语境。如果忽略
画线词后的句子,则很容易选错答案。
04 词义猜测题难点--词义的推测依据远离划线部分
通常词义的推测依据划线部分的前后内容基本可以推断出答案，有的就在划线词语所在的句子，有的
在前面的句子，有的在后面的句中。但是有时候仅仅靠划线部分词汇的前后内容依然得不出正确答案，
这需要在文章前面的段落，或者是后面的段落里找，也有可能需要通读全文才可以总结出合适的意思，
此时题目的考查偏向于主旨大意的考查。
[1] Big Brothers Big Sisters is based on the simplicity and power of friendship．It is a program
which provides friendship and fun by matching vulnerable young people (ages 7-17) with a volunteer
adult who can be both a role model and a supportive friend.
[2] …
[8] Big Brothers Big Sisters has been of great benefit and enjoyment to both Emily and Sarah. They
love and look forward to their time together and the partnership has certainly helped Emily be more
comfortable in being the wonderful, happy and unique girl she is!
1．According to the passage, “vulnerable young people” are probably those who are _________.
A．popular at school B．rather weak physically
C．easily hurt emotionally D．confident in themselves
【答案与解析】
1.C。短于意义猜测题。在第一段第二句出现划线部分，根据动词短语match…with… 知道是把两个不
同的群体搭配起来，一个是年轻人群体，一个是成人群体。其中成人群体是年轻人群体的榜样，是能
给予他们帮助的朋友。由此可以排除A和D选项，但是对于B和C项都是需要榜样和给予帮助的，无
法甄别答案。在第三段的最后一句“These activities improve the friendship and help the young person
develop positive self-respect, confidence and life direction.”关键词develop positive self-respect,
confidence and life direction.的提示知道这些活动帮助这些年轻人“建立起积极的自尊、自信和生活目
标”，由此可以推断这些年轻人是缺少这些品质，所以是“情感容易受到伤害的人”。故选C。（最新模拟试题演练）
Passage 1
【2024届安徽省皖北协作区高三下学期 3月模拟】The Dutch Headwind Time Trial Championship is
only 8.5 kilometers long, but it is considered one of the hardest cycling challenges in the world.
If you’ve ever ridden a bike against a reasonably strong wind, you know just how difficult dealing with the
extra drag can be. However, the Dutch Headwind Time Trial Championship only takes place during storms, when
the wind force is expected to be at least 7, on the Oosterscheldekering storm barrier, which faces the North Sea.
The Dutch Headwind Time Trial Championship has been held almost every year on the Oosterscheldekering
since 2013, gathering hundreds of cycling enthusiasts from all over the Netherlands. Participants are limited to 300,
all of whom start in the same place, 30 seconds apart from each other. The cyclist who completes the 8.5-kilometer
course first is declared the winner.
With weather conditions as bad as they are during this unique race, any kind of technical advantage can
make a huge difference. Therefore, organizers try to level the playing field by ensuring that all participants use the
same equipment — a single-speed aluminum Gazelle city bike with back-pedal brakes. The only things that can
provide an advantage are fitness and endurance (忍耐力).
You might be wondering why anyone would want to torture their legs by pedaling against winds that could
sweep a person off their feel, and that’s a valid question, but the point is that many Dutch do. You may get a
glimpse of the reason for their enthusiasm from the interview of a professional athlete, Lisa Scheenaard, who has
won the last three editions in the women's category. As she put it, “For me, it’s not just to win the champion but to
push myself physically and mentally. It inspires and changes me as a person. As a cyclist, that’s the biggest part.”
24．What makes the Championship so challenging?
A．The length. B．The wind.
C．The procedure. D．The equipment.
25．What do the underlined words “level the playing field” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Keep the race fair. B．Grade the race.
C．Make the field flat. D．Hold the competition.
26．What can be learned from the text?
A．Participants with determination are more likely to win.
B．Whoever has an interest in cycling can take part in it.
C．The Championship has been organized every other year.
D．All participants are required to start in the same place at the same time.
27．Why are so many Dutch enthusiastic about the Championship?
A．To compete and win the award. B．To seek their fortune.
C．To challenge and improve themselves. D．To keep their figure.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．A 27．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了荷兰逆风计时锦标赛被认为是世界上最艰难的自行车挑战之一。介绍了比赛的规则、难度以及人们的参与热情。
24．细节理解题。文章第二段讲到“If you’ve ever ridden a bike against a reasonably strong wind, you know
just how difficult dealing with the extra drag can be. However, the Dutch Headwind Time Trial Championship only
takes place during storms, when the wind force is expected to be at least 7, on the Oosterscheldekering storm
barrier, which faces the North Sea.(如果你曾经在相当强的风中骑过自行车，你就会知道应对额外的阻力有多
困难。然而，荷兰逆风计时锦标赛只在风暴期间举行，当时的风力预计至少为7级，位于面向北海的
Oosterscheldekering风暴屏障上)”可知，让锦标赛如此具有挑战性是因为逆风。故选B。
25．词句猜测题。文章第四段讲到“by ensuring that all participants use the same equipment — a single-speed
aluminum Gazelle city bike with back-pedal brakes. The only things that can provide an advantage are fitness and
endurance (忍耐力). (确保所有参与者使用相同的设备——辆带后踏板制动器的单速铝制Gazelle城市自行车。
唯一能提供优势的是体能和耐力。)”可知，组织者这样做的目的就是为了保证比赛的公平，第四段中带下
划线的单词的意思是“保持比赛公平”。故选A。
26．推理判断题。文章第四段“The only things that can provide an advantage are fitness and endurance (忍耐
力). (唯一能提供优势的是体能和耐力。)”以及最后一段讲到“For me, it’s not just to win the champion but to
push myself physically and mentally. It inspires and changes me as a person. As a cyclist, that’s the biggest part.(对
我来说，这不仅仅是为了赢得冠军，而是为了在身体和精神上鞭策自己。这激励和改变了我作为一个人。
作为一名自行车运动员，这是最重要的部分)”可知，过去三届冠军丽莎·谢纳德无论是从身体上还是精神上
都是意志力很坚强的，很有决心的人，因此，要获胜必须要有体能、耐力和决心。所以从文章中可以了解
到有决心的参与者更有可能获胜。故选A。
27．推理判断题。文章最后一段讲到“For me, it’s not just to win the champion but to push myself physically
and mentally. It inspires and changes me as a person. As a cyclist, that’s the biggest part.(对我来说，这不仅仅是
为了赢得冠军，而是为了在身体和精神上鞭策自己。这激励和改变了我作为一个人。作为一名自行车运动
员，这是最重要的部分)”可知，这么多荷兰人对锦标赛充满热情是为了挑战和提高自己。故选C。
Passage 2
【2024届东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟（二）】When floods completely destroyed Bangkok more
than a decade ago, Thai landscape architect, Kotchakorn Voraakhom became determined to help her sinking
hometown fight this deadly climate threat. “The floods changed my life,” said Voraakhom, who studied at Harvard
University’s Graduate School of Design. “It was the turning point, when I started using the tools of landscape
architecture to cope with climate change.”
Voraakhom’s fantastic projects in Bangkok include a park that can hold up to one million gallons of water,
Asia’s largest rooftop farm, an elevated walkway installed on a bridge and a lush (草木繁茂的) canal park in the
city center.
One of Voraakhom’s most innovative designs is Centenary Park in Chulalongkorn University. The park
stores large amounts of rainwater and prevents the surrounding streets from flooding. Built on an incline (斜坡), it
directs runoff water through inclined gardens and artificial wetlands. From there, water flows into a retention pond
(澄清的) with a capacity of nearly 480,000 gallons. Beneath the soil is an additional water tank which can hold
nearly 160,000 gallons. The entire park can store up to one million gallons of water.
Voraakhom also created Asia’s largest rooftop farm, Siam Green Sky, transforming 22,400 square meters(241,000 square feet) into a lush field. The farm, which recycles food waste from restaurants in the building below
and uses it as plant fertilizer (肥料), also slows down, soaks up and stores large amounts of rainwater. It is then
used to grow vegetables, herbs and fruit, as well as rice.
The architect said she integrates nature and water into her designs to create landscapes that help alleviate
flooding and add greenery to densely populated cities. The central question sinking cities like Bangkok need to
focus on is: “how are we going to live with the water, without fear?” said Voraakhom. This idea of “living with the
water” lies at the heart of her design approach.
12．What did Kotchakorn focus on to cope with flooding?
A．Green coverage. B．Soil conservation.
C．Architecture design. D．Alternative resources.
13．Which is not included in the architect’s projects?
A．Centenary Park. B．Siam Green Sky.
C．An elevated walkway. D．Chulalongkorn University.
14．What does the underlined word “alleviate” in paragraph 5 refer to?
A．Make less severe. B．Get better.
C．Adapt itself to. D．Take in.
15．What effect would Centenary Park have on viewers?
A．Calming. B．Disturbing. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．A 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了泰国景观设计师Kotchakorn Voraakhom致力于建造应对气候变化
的景观，她将自然和水融入到设计中，创造出的景观不仅有助于缓解洪水，还为人口稠密的城市增添绿化。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“It was the turning point, when I started using the tools of landscape
architecture to cope with climate change.(这是一个转折点，我开始使用景观建筑的工具来应对气候变化。)”
可知，Kotchakorn利用建筑设计来应对洪水。故选C。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Voraakhom’s fantastic projects in Bangkok include a park that can hold up to
one million gallons of water, Asia’s largest rooftop farm, an elevated walkway installed on a bridge and a lush (草
木繁茂的) canal park in the city center.(Voraakhom在曼谷的精彩项目包括一个可容纳100万加仑水的公园、
亚洲最大的屋顶农场、一条安装在桥上的高架人行道以及市中心一个郁郁葱葱的运河公园。)”、第三段中
的“One of Voraakhom’s most innovative designs is Centenary Park in Chulalongkorn University.(Voraakhom最
具创新性的设计之一是朱拉隆功大学的百年纪念公园。)”、第四段中的“Voraakhom also created Asia’s
largest rooftop farm, Siam Green Sky, transforming 22,400 square meters (241,000 square feet) into a lush field.
(Voraakhom还创建了亚洲最大的屋顶农场Siam Green Sky，将22400平方米（241000平方英尺）改造成了
郁郁葱葱的田地。)”可知，Voraakhom的建筑项目有：朱拉隆功大学的百年纪念公园、屋顶农场Siam
Green Sky、高架人行道、运河公园。不包括朱拉隆功大学。故选D。
14．词义猜测题。根据第一段中的“When floods completely destroyed Bangkok more than a decade ago, Thailandscape architect, Kotchakorn Voraakhom became determined to help her sinking hometown fight this deadly
climate threat.(十多年前，当洪水完全摧毁曼谷时，泰国景观设计师Kotchakorn Voraakhom决心帮助她正在
下沉的家乡应对这一致命的气候威胁。)”可知，Kotchakorn Voraakhom想要用自己的努力帮助家乡应对洪
水灾难，再结合画线词前的“she integrates nature and water into her designs to create landscapes”可推测出，
她将自然和水融入到自己的设计中，想要创造出能够缓解洪水的景观，alleviate意为“缓解，减轻”，与
A项“使变得不那么严重”意思接近。故选A。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The park stores large amounts of rainwater and prevents the
surrounding streets from flooding. Built on an incline (斜坡), it directs runoff water through inclined gardens and
artificial wetlands.(公园储存了大量的雨水，防止周围的街道被淹。它建在斜坡上，引导径流通过倾斜的花
园和人工湿地。)”和最后一段中的“The architect said she integrates nature and water into her designs to create
landscapes that help alleviate flooding and add greenery to densely populated cities.(这位设计师说，她将自然和
水融入到自己的设计中，创造出有助于缓解洪水并为人口稠密的城市增添绿色的景观。)”可知，百年纪念
公园不但可以缓解洪水，还可以增加绿化，由此可推测出，作为一处景观，这会让观看者感到耳目一新。
故选C。
Passage 3
【2024届广东省大湾区高三下学期二模联考】Cities, often seen as ecological wastelands, actually have
the potential to produce exceptional biologists. While traditional biologists typically come from rural backgrounds,
urban residents possess diverse skill sets that make them better ones.
Take myself as an example. Growing up in Philadelphia provided me with a unique angle to look at urban
ecology. The city’s distinct seasons, plentiful squirrels, row homes, and festivals served as my first ecological
classroom. It was there that I witnessed wild cats eating birds and rats, people driving bats from their homes, and
snakes being killed by lawn mowers (割草机). This was ecology in action, as real as any observation in fields and
forests.
The unique environment of urban areas encourages wildlife there to develop distinct feature s and behaviors
that set them apart from their rural counterparts: they may be larger in size, be active at different times of the day,
move differently, and even display different personalities. Some biologists argue they are even “smarter” because
they balance more risks, such as exposure to roads, poisonous chemicals and diseases from domestic animals —
with rewards, of course, like inhabitable parks and human-provided food.
As human residents of cities, we too adapt to the risks and challenges of urban living. This adaptation
sharpens our intuition (直觉) — we learn which streets to avoid and lock our doors for safety. Our ability to assess
threats and our awareness regarding safety influence our behaviors and choices, much as they do for urban wildlife.
Shared experiences such as these enable us to better understand and appreciate urban wildlife.
Most of the world’s population now accesses green and blue spaces, as well as wildlife, within urban
neighborhoods. Nature is no longer only untouched wilderness; it includes sounds of human laughter, trash trucks
and fire alarms. We urban residents are resourceful and imaginative. We need more capacity, more participation,
more energy and more innovation in science to create solutions to fight environmental degradation and reduce
biodiversity loss. Identifying this talent across cities presents a practical approach.
12．What did growing up in Philadelphia teach the author?A．Philadelphia is uniquely rich in wildlife.
B．Studying biology at school helps greatly.
C．Urban wild creatures need protection too.
D．Cities are far from ecological wastelands.
13．What does the underlined word “counterparts” in paragraph 3 most likely mean?
A．Similar species. B．Potential enemies.
C．Natural resources. D．Qualified biologists.
14．What experiences help urban residents understand wildlife better?
A．Eco-friendly habits. B．Risk-aware behaviors.
C．Ill-informed choices. D．Fast-paced urban life.
15．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Cities Build Better Biologists B．What Makes Smarter Residents?
C．Urban Areas Encourage Wildlife D．Who Saves Ecological Wastelands?
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．B 15．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了一个来自城市的生物学家认为城市的生态系统和野外的生态系统
一样值得研究，并且期待未来能有更多来自城市环境的生物学家一起创造生态学的未来。
12．细节理解题。根据第一段的“While traditional biologists typically come from rural backgrounds, urban
residents possess diverse skill sets that make them better ones.(虽然传统的生物学家通常来自农村背景，但城市
居民拥有多样化的技能，使他们成为更好的生物学家。)”和第二段“Take myself as an example. Growing up
in Philadelphia provided me with a unique angle to look at urban ecology. The city’s distinct seasons, plentiful
squirrels, row homes, and festivals served as my first ecological classroom. It was there that I witnessed wild cats
eating birds and rats, people driving bats from their homes, and snakes being killed by lawn mowers(割草机). This
was ecology in action, as real as any observation in fields and forests.(以我自己为例。在费城长大让我有了一个
独特的角度来看待城市生态。这座城市分明的季节、丰富的松鼠、排屋和节日是我的第一个生态课堂。在
那里，我亲眼目睹了野猫吃鸟和老鼠，人们把蝙蝠从家里赶出去，蛇被割草机杀死。这就是生态学的作用，
就像在田野和森林里观察到的一样真实。)”可知，在费城长大教会作者城市并非生态荒地。故选D。
13．词义猜测题。根据前文“The unique environment of urban areas encourages wildlife there to develop
distinct feature s and behaviors(城市地区独特的环境促使野生动物发展出独特的特征和行为)”和下文“they
may be larger in size, be active at different times of the day, move differently, and even display different
personalities(它们可能体型较大，在一天中的不同时间活动，动作不同，甚至表现出不同的个性)”可推断，
这让它们与农村的野生动物区分开来，因此推断划线词与A项“相似物种”意思相近，故选A。
14．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“Our ability to assess threats and our awareness regarding safety influence
our behaviors and choices, much as they do for urban wildlife. Shared experiences such as these enable us to better
understand and appreciate urban wildlife.(我们评估威胁的能力和安全意识会影响我们的行为和选择，就像它
们对城市野生动物的影响一样。这些共同的经历使我们能够更好地理解和欣赏城市野生动物。)”可知，风险意识行为有助于城市居民更好地了解野生动物。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据第一段“While traditional biologists typically come from rural backgrounds, urban
residents possess diverse skill sets that make them better ones.( 虽然传统的生物学家通常来自农村背景，但城
市居民拥有多样化的技能，使他们成为更好的生物学家。)”和最后一段“We urban residents are resourceful
and imaginative. We need more capacity, more participation, more energy and more innovation in science to create
solutions to fight environmental degradation and reduce biodiversity loss. Identifying this talent across cities
presents a practical approach.(我们城市居民足智多谋，想象力丰富。我们需要更多的能力、更多的参与、更
多的精力和更多的科学创新，以创造应对环境退化和减少生物多样性丧失的解决方案。在各个城市寻找这
样的人才是一种实用的方法。)”可知，文章首尾呼应，点明主题——城市可以培养出更好的生物学家。故
选A项。
Passage 4
【2024届广东省高三下学期二模】As most Americans spend at least 50% of their food budget dining out,
public criticism falls on restaurants to help consumers make healthier food choices. The Menu Labeling Final Rule
has come into effect, requiring restaurants with more than 20 locations to show the calories of food on menus.
By representing these values in a discrepant way — using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-
calorie options, and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods — businesses can shift customers’ preferences toward
healthier food, according to Ruiying Cai from the Washington State University.
In their study, Cai and her colleagues asked participants to choose between a less healthy item and a healthier
option after randomly assigning them to two groups. In the first group, calorie counts and font sizes rose and fell
together. In the second group, the size became larger as the calorie count fell. Researchers also asked participants
questions to assess their health-consciousness.
Results showed participants in the second group, who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes, were
more likely to adopt the healthier option. Moreover, less health- conscious participants were the most affected,
while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food.
This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect. Named after psychologist J. Ridley
Stroop, the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form. For example, if the word
“purple” is written in green, it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if the word and the color
match. Similarly, the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match its number in this
study.
“Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier choices,” Cai said. However, simply
labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect. “Healthy food items could be profitable for
restaurants, but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached, people may assume it does not taste good,” she explained.
“We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions, rather than saying it out loud.”
12．What does the underlined word “discrepant” in paragraph 2mean?
A．Creative. B．Relative C．Conflicting D．Misleading
13．Which of the following type of customers would be affected most from the research?
A．Strict diet followers. B．Convenience food fans.
C．Homema de meal lovers. D．Health magazine readers.14．What is paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．The significance of research results. B．The measurement of response delays.
C．The psychological basis of the study design. D．The influential variations of the Stroop effect.
15．Which of the following might be Cai’s suggestion for restaurants?
A．Use font magic to drive healthier choices.
B．Pay more attention to the taste of the food.
C．Create a quiet dining atmosphere for customers.
D．Attach “healthy” labels to the food on the menu.
【答案】12．C 13．B 14．C 15．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项研究——菜单上标记热量多少的数字大小是如何影响顾客对食
物的选择的。
12．词义猜测题。根据第二段划线词后的内容“using physically larger numbers on the page for lower-calorie
options, and smaller numbers for high-calorie foods”（在页面上使用较大的数字表示低卡路里的选项，而使用
较小的数字表示高卡路里的食物）可知，这是对 discrepant way的解释，用大数字表示低卡路里，小数字
表示高卡路里，这是一种相冲突的方式，故推知discrepant应表示“矛盾的，相差的”，与Conflicting同
义。故选C项。
13．推理判断题。根据第四段第二句“Moreover, less health- conscious participants were the most affected,
while people with more health awareness were less influenced since they already favored healthier food.”（此外，
健康意识较弱的参与者受影响最大，而健康意识较强的人受影响较小，因为他们已经喜欢更健康的食
物。）说明健康意识较弱的人受影响最大，而健康意识较弱的人通常是方便食物的爱好者。故选B项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第五段“This research adjusted customer behaviors by creating a Stroop effect. Named
after psychologist J. Ridley Stroop, the Stroop effect refers to a delay in reaction to mismatch in its classic form.
For example, if the word “purple” is written in green, it takes respondents longer time to identify the color than if
the word and the color match. Similarly, the effect is observed when the physical size of the number does not match
its number in this study.”（本研究通过创造斯特鲁普效应来调整顾客行为。以心理学家J. Ridley Stroop的名
字命名，斯特鲁普效应指的是对不匹配的反应延迟。例如，如果单词“紫色”是用绿色书写的，那么受访
者识别颜色的时间要比单词和颜色匹配的时间长。同样，在本研究中，当数字的实际大小与其数字不匹配
时，也会观察到这种效应。）可知，本段主要介绍了该研究应用斯特鲁普效应来研究顾客行为，该效应是
设计该研究的心理学基础。故选C项。
15．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Restaurants are interested in encouraging customers to make healthier
choices,” Cai said. However, simply labeling the food as healthy may not have the intended effect. “Healthy food
items could be profitable for restaurants, but whenever a ‘healthy’ label is attached, people may assume it does not
taste good,” she explained. “We’re trying to provide restaurants with indirect suggestions, rather than saying it out
loud.””（“餐馆有兴趣鼓励顾客做出更健康的选择，”Cai说。然而，仅仅给食品贴上健康标签可能不会
产生预期的效果。她解释说:“健康食品可以为餐馆带来利润，但只要贴上‘健康’的标签，人们就会认为它味道不好。”“我们试图为餐厅提供间接的建议，而不是大声说出来。”）可知，她认为给食物贴
上‘健康’的标签反而会适得其反，并不能鼓励顾客去选择它，餐馆应该寻求间接的方法。再根据第四段
第一句“Results showed participants in the second group, who saw low calorie counts printed in large sizes, were
more likely to adopt the healthier option.”（结果显示，第二组看到印有大尺寸低卡路里标签的参与者更有可
能选择更健康的食物。）说明了食物标签上字体的大小会影响人们对健康食物的选择。由此推测，Cai提
到的“indirect suggestions”指的就是餐馆可以利用字体的魔力来推动顾客更健康的食物选择。故选A项。
Passage 5
【2024届河北省高三下学期大数据应用调研联合测评七】
Despite his complex mind, Einstein was known to be a lot of fun. You must have seen his iconic (标志性的)
photo, but you might not know the backstory. The photo was taken by Arthur Sasse, on March 14, 1951, Einstein’s
seventy-second birthday. In the photo, we can see Einstein sitting in a car, between his wife, Elsa, and Dr. Frank
Aydelotte, the head of the Institute for Advanced Study.
The story goes that as they were leaving his birthday celebration for their home in Princeton, New Jersey,
Einstein was repeatedly asked to smile at the camera. But when Snsse asked for one last photo he made a funny
face. Einstein liked the resulting image so much, that he immediately ordered multiple copies so he could sign and
send them to friends as a joke. Later on, he used this photo to make greeting cards.
Einstein rarely let others get in the way of his fun. He was quick to joke. He rarely wore socks thinking that
the shoes should do the job. He let his mustache and hair grow and gave interviews on his porch (门廊) in pink
slippers. His commitment to fun ran deep — and yet when Sasse sent his photo to editors for publication, they
debated whether it was even appropriate to make it public, given Einstein’s eminence. It only saw the light of day
because Sasse related how much the great scientist himself loved the image.
According to Walter Isaacson’s biography, Einstein: His Life and Universe, the personalities that
contributed most to Einstein’s greatness were curiosity and non-conformism (不墨守成规). Scientific Lo studies
suggest that humor and intelligence are associated. People who show a gift for lun also seem have superior
cognitive abilities. Fun has so many levels. The best part is that no matter what fun means to you, it can lead you to
stand out from the ordinary.
24．What was Einstein doing when the iconic photo was taken?
A．He was joking about Sasse. B．He was making a funny face.
C．He was celebrating his birthday. D．He was smiling at the camera.
25．What does the underlined word “eminence” mean in Paragraph 3?
A．Being loving and caring. B．Being humorous and funny.
C．Being famous and respected. D．Being sharp-minded and considerate.
26．What can we know about the iconic photo?
A．It was taken to record his life. B．It was not published until years later.
C．It shows Einstein being interviewed on the porch. D．It was taken to celebrate an instance birthday.
27．What might be Walter Isaacson’s agree?
A．Best humor means high-level fun. B．Curiosity leads to non-conformism.C．Humorous people tend to be intelligent. D．Greatness should be defined by scientific standards.
【答案】24．B 25．C 26．D 27．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了爱因斯坦标志性照片的来源以及爱因斯坦幽默的性格。
24．细节理解题。根据第二段“The story goes that as they were leaving his birthday celebration for their home
in Princeton, New Jersey, Einstein was repeatedly asked to smile at the camera. But when Snsse asked for one last
photo he made a funny face. (故事是这样的：在他们离开生日庆祝会前往新泽西州普林斯顿的家中时，爱因
斯坦多次被要求对着镜头微笑。但当Snsse要求最后一张照片时，他做了个鬼脸)”可知，当这张标志性的
照片被拍摄时，爱因斯坦在做鬼脸。故选B。
25．词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“His commitment to fun ran deep — and yet when Sasse sent his photo to
editors for publication, they debated whether it was even appropriate to make it public, given Einstein’s eminence.
(他对乐趣的追求是根深蒂固的——然而，当萨斯把他的照片寄给编辑们准备发表时，他们争论了一下，考
虑到爱因斯坦的eminence，公开这张照片是否合适。)”中的“His commitment to fun ran deep — and yet
when Sasse sent his photo to editors for publication, they debated whether it was even appropriate to make it
public, given Einstein’s”以及下文“ It only saw the light of day because Sasse related how much the great
scientist himself loved the image.(因为萨斯讲述了这位伟大的科学家自己是多么喜欢这幅画，所以它才得以
曝光。)”可知，因为爱因斯坦是一位伟大的科学家，非常出名且受人尊重，当萨斯把他的照片寄给编辑们
准备发表时，他们还在争论公开这张照片是否合适；故划线词eminence 意思是“出名和受人尊敬”，与
“Being famous and respected”意思一致。故选C。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段“The photo was taken by Arthur Sasse, on March 14, 1951, Einstein’s seventy-
second birthday.(这张照片是阿瑟-萨塞在 1951 年 3 月 14 日爱因斯坦 72 岁生日时拍摄的)”可知，这张
标志性的照片是为了庆祝生日拍的。故选D。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段“According to Walter Isaacson’s biography, Einstein: His Life and Universe,
the personalities that contributed most to Einstein’s greatness were curiosity and non-conformism (不墨守成规).
Scientific Lo studies suggest that humor and intelligence are associated.(根据沃尔特·艾萨克森的传记《爱因斯坦：
他的生活与宇宙》，对爱因斯坦的伟大贡献最大的性格是好奇心和不墨守成规。科学研究表明，幽默和智
力是相关的。)”可知，沃尔特·艾萨克森可能会认同幽默的人往往很聪明。故选C。
Passage 6
【2024届河北省高三下学期大数据应用调研联合测评七】
It was an innocent little detail, backed by centuries of science, in a chemistry book about tea, something
American author Michelle Francl never anticipated would cause a stir among the British.
In her new book, Steeped: The Chemistry of Tea, Francl analyzed caffeine levels and studied the molecules
that give tea its good smell. She uncovered the little-known presence in tea of other chemicals, including fluoride
and aluminum. And she also mentioned a careful study of an 8th-century Chinese article that called for salt to be
added to the boiling water.
“The sodium ions (钠离子) in the salt block our sense of bitterness,” says Francl, a chemistry professor atBryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania. “So if you put a tiny bit of salt in — not enough to taste — you make the cup
of tea or coffee smoother and less bitter.”
The recipe for a perfect cup of tea, she wrote in her book, includes a little salt. And for tea with milk, Francl
recommends warming the milk first, so that it doesn’t curdle (凝结) when it hits the hot water.
Sounds harmless, right? But anyone with British friends and loved ones — or who’s spent more than five
minutes in the United Kingdom — will know that recipe amounts to blasphemy. Within hours of the publication of
Francl’s book, face palm emojis (捂脸表情) were appearing across the British Isles.
“Hot milk and salt!? Who is this person?” radio host Toni McDonald shouted on his program.
“This scientist supposes that the only way to have a decent cup of tea is with a little salt? That’s foolish!”
another radio host, Vic Minett, said.
To respond to these complaints, the U.S. Embassy’s public affairs officer, Rodney Ford told the press, “We
want to say to the good people of the U.K. that the unthinkable idea of adding salt to Britain’s national drink is not
official United States policy — and never will be.”
24．Why is the Chinese article mentioned in paragraph 2?
A．To tell us where Francl got her idea.
B．To prove tea making enjoys a time-honored history.
C．To introduce the social background of Francl’s book.
D．To explain how tea-making was brought to Britain from China.
25．What can reduce the bitter taste in the tea according to the text?
A．Salt. B．Boiling water. C．Curdled milk. D．An unknown chemical.
26．What does the underlined word “blasphemy” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Embarrassment. B．Unbalance. C．Disrespect. D．Desperation.
27．What did Francl’s book cause in Britain?
A．Tea craze. B．Heated discussion. C．Policy change. D．Public anger.
【答案】24．A 25．A 26．C 27．B
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了美国作家Michelle Francl在她的新书《Steeped: The Chemistry
of Tea》中提出的泡茶方法引起了英国人的热议。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“And she also mentioned a careful study of an 8th-century Chinese article
that called for salt to be added to the boiling water.”（她还提到了对一篇8世纪中国文章的仔细研究，该文章
呼吁在沸水中加入盐。），Francl在她的书中提到了一个8世纪的中国文章，该文章建议在烧开的水中加
入盐。这是Francl得到她的想法的来源。故选A项。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段““The sodium ions （钠离子） in the salt block our sense of bitterness,” says
Francl, a chemistry professor at Bryn Mawr College in Pennsylvania. “So if you put a tiny bit of salt in—not
enough to taste—you make the cup of tea or coffee smoother and less bitter.””（ 宾夕法尼亚州布林茅尔学院的
化学教授Francl说:“盐中的钠离子阻碍了我们对苦味的感知。”“所以，如果你放一点点盐进去——不够入味——你会让一杯茶或咖啡更顺滑，不那么苦）可知，盐可以减少茶的苦味。故选A
26．词句猜测题。根据第五段“Sounds harmless, right? But anyone with British friends and loved ones—or
who’s spent more than five minutes in the United Kingdom”（ 听起来无害，对吧?但是任何有英国朋友和爱人
的人，或者在英国呆了五分钟以上的人）以及“face palm emojis （捂脸表情）were appearing across the
British Isles.”（ 捂脸表情表情出现在了不列颠群岛的各个地方）可知，Francl的泡茶方法在英国引起了争
议，被认为是对英国的国饮的不尊重，所以这里的“blasphemy”意为“不尊重”。故选C项。
27．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was an innocent little detail, backed by centuries of science, in a chemistry
book about tea, something American author Michelle Francl never anticipated would cause a stir among the
British.”（ 这是一本关于茶的化学书中一个无辜的小细节，有几个世纪的科学依据，美国作家米歇尔·弗兰
万万没想到会在英国引起轰动）可知，Francl的书在英国引起了热议，因此选项B“热议”符合文章的描述。
故选B。
Passage 7
【2024届湖北省高三下学期五月联考二模】I’m in a coffee shop in Manhattan and I’m about to become
the most disliked person in the room. First, I’m going to interrupt the man reading quietly near the window and ask
for a drink of his latte. Next, I’m going to ask the line of people waiting to pay if I can cut to the front of the queue.
This is how I chose to spend my last vacation. Here’s why.
Growing up, all I ever heard about was “EQ.” It was the mid-1990s, and psychologist Daniel Goleman had
just popularized the concept of emotional intelligence. Unlike IQ, which tracked conventional measures of
intelligence like reasoning and recall, EQ measured the ability to understand other people — to listen, to empathize
(共情), and to appreciate.
My mother, an elementary school principal, prized brains and hard work, but she placed a special emphasis
on Goleman’s new idea. To her, EQ was the elixir (万能药) that separated the good students from the great after
they left school. She was determined to send me into the adult world with as much of this elixir as possible.
But when I finally began my first job, I noticed a second elixir in the pockets of some of my colleagues. It
gave their opinions extra weight and their decisions added impact. Strangest of all, it seemed like the anti-EQ:
Instead of knowing how to make others feel good, this elixir gave people the courage to do the opposite — to say
things others didn’t want to hear.
This was assertiveness (魄力). It boiled down to the command of a single skill: the ability to have
uncomfortable conversations. Assertive people — those with high “AQ”— ask for things they want, decline things
they don’t, provide constructive feedback, and engage in direct confrontation (对峙) and debate.
A lifetime improving my EQ helped me empathize with others, but it also left me overly sensitive to
situations where I had to say or do things that might make others unhappy. While I didn’t avoid conflict, I was
always frustrated by my powerlessness when I had to say or do something that could upset someone. This is my
problem and I’m working on it.
4．Why did the author act that way in the coffee shop?
A．To improve a skill. B．To test a concept.
C．To advocate a new idea. D．To have a unique vacation.5．What do we know about the author’s mother?
A．She thought little of IQ.
B．She popularized Goleman’s idea.
C．She was a strict mother and principal.
D．She valued EQ as the key to greatness.
6．What does the word “it” underlined in the fourth paragraph refer to?
A．EQ. B．AQ. C．Empathy. D．Courage.
7．According to the passage, those with high EQ but low AQ are likely to be ______.
A．successful leaders B．people pleasers
C．terrible complainers D．pleasure seekers
【答案】4．A 5．D 6．B 7．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了智商、情商的区别并结合作者自身情况说明了反情商的重要性。
4．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“This was assertiveness (魄力). It boiled down to the command of a single
skill: the ability to have uncomfortable conversations.(这就是魄力。这可以归结为对一项技能的掌握：进行令
人不舒服的对话的能力)”和最后一段“While I didn’t avoid conflict, I was always frustrated by my
powerlessness when I had to say or do something that could upset someone. This is my problem and I’m working
on it.(虽然我没有避免冲突，但当我不得不说或做一些可能会让别人不安的事情时，我总是因为自己的无能
为力而感到沮丧。这是我的问题，我正在努力解决)”可知，提高情商使作者过于敏感，缺乏魄力，且作者
正在努力解决这一问题。由此推知，作者在咖啡店里那样做是为了提高一项技能。故选A项。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“My mother, an elementary school principal, prized brains and hard work, but
she placed a special emphasis on Goleman’s new idea. To her, EQ was the elixir (万能药) that separated the good
students from the great after they left school.(我的母亲是一所小学的校长，她珍视聪明和努力，但她特别重视
戈尔曼的新想法。对她来说，情商是一种万能药，在他们离开学校后，将好学生与优秀学生区分开来)”可
知，作者母亲认为情商是一种万能药，即情商是成功的关键。故选D项。
6．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“But when I finally began my first job, I noticed a second elixir in the pockets
of some of my colleagues.(但当我终于开始我的第一份工作时，我注意到我的一些同事口袋里有另一种万能
药)”和“Strangest of all, it seemed like the anti-EQ: Instead of knowing how to make others feel good, this elixir
gave people the courage to do the opposite — to say things others didn’t want to hear.(最奇怪的是，这似乎是反
情商：不知道如何让别人感觉良好，这个长生不老药给了人们做相反事情的勇气——说别人不想听的话)”
可知，it指代“另一种万能药”，而且这种药是反情商的，所以这种万能药就是下文第五段中提到的
“AQ”，所以划线词it指代的是AQ。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Unlike IQ, which tracked conventional measures of intelligence like
reasoning and recall, EQ measured the ability to understand other people — to listen, to empathize (共情), and to
appreciate.(与IQ不同的是，EQ衡量的是理解他人的能力——倾听、移情(共情)和欣赏的能力。IQ追踪的
是推理和回忆等传统智力指标)”和第五段“Assertive people — those with high “AQ”— ask for things theywant, decline things they don’t, provide constructive feedback, and engage in direct confrontation (对峙) and
debate.(自信的人——那些“AQ”高的人——要求他们想要的东西，拒绝他们不想要的东西，提供建设性的
反馈，参与直接对峙和辩论)”可推知，那些EQ高AQ低的人很可能是取悦别人的人。故选B项。
Passage 8
【2024届湖北省十堰市高三下学期 5月份大联考】The birth of a male white-tailed eagle signals the
success of the Roy Dennis Wildlife Foundation (RDWF) and Forestry England project to return these iconic birds
to their original widespread locations along the southern coast of England. The last time a white-tailed eagle chick
grew in England, Mozart was working on his opera Idomeneo in Germany
For two centuries these amazing birds were missing from most of the UK, having been wiped out by human
persecution by the early 20th century.
In 2020, the parents of the landmark bird were translocated from the Outer Hebrides and north-west
Sutherland in Scotland to the Isle of Wight. This is an area with plentiful food to sustain them. It is also a location
from which the birds could spread out to cliffs, lakes and forests.
Female G405 and male G471 were two of 25 eagles (16 are still alive) released by the RDWF and Forestry
England as part of the ongoing project. And they are one of three pairs to have now established breeding territories
in the south of England.
The chick hatched earlier this summer at a nest on private land, the exact location of which is being kept a
secret to ensure the welfare of the young bird.
“This is a very special moment for everyone who has worked on, supported and followed this ground-
breaking project,” Roy Dennis says, founder of the RDWF. “Restoring a breeding population in southern England,
where the species was once widespread, has been our ultimate goal. Seeing the first pair reach this stage is truly
incredible.”
The young white-tailed eagle has now been ringed and fitted with a satellite tag (标签) so that its progress
can be tracked. A further release of young white-tailed eagles is planned for late summer from the project team’s
base on the Isle of Wight.
28．What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Mozart in paragraph 1?
A．To admire the musician’s great works.
B．To celebrate the birth of the white-tailed eagle.
C．To compare the situations of England and Germany.
D．To emphasize white-tailed eagles’ centuries-long absence.
29．Which word can replace the underlined word “persecution” in paragraph 2?
A．Hunt. B．Exploration. C．Disturbance. D．Training.
30．Why is the accurate position of the chick kept secret?
A．For privacy. B．For safety. C．For territory. D．For support.
31．Which may be a suitable title for the text?
A．A Splendid Bird B．A Successful Wildlife Project
C．Milestone for White-tailed Eagles D．Restoring a Breeding Population【答案】28．D 29．A 30．B 31．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了一只雄性白尾鹰的出生是恢复英国白尾鹰繁殖的里程碑。
28．推理判断题。根据第一段“The last time a white-tailed eagle chick grew in England, Mozart was working
on his opera Idomeneo in Germany.(上一次白尾鹰雏鸟在英国长大时，莫扎特正在德国创作他的歌剧
Idomeneo)”可推知，作者在第一段中提到Mozart是为了强调白尾鹰几个世纪之久的缺席。故选D。
29．词义猜测题。根据第二段“... were missing from most of the UK, having been wiped out by human(……在
英国大部分地区都消失了，因人类的……而灭绝)”可推知，此处指这种鸟类因人类的猎杀而消失，画线词
与A 项意思相近。故选A。
30．细节理解题。根据第五段“The chick hatched earlier this summer at a nest on private land, the exact
location of which is being kept a secret to ensure the welfare of the young bird.(今年夏天早些时候，这只雏鸟在
私人土地上的一个鸟巢里孵化出来，为了确保雏鸟的健康，鸟巢的确切位置一直保密)”可知，将雏鹰的准
确位置保密是为了确保其安全。故选B。
31．主旨大意题。根据第一段“The birth of a male white-tailed eagle signals the success of the Roy Dennis
Wildlife Foundation (RDWF) and Forestry England project to return these iconic birds to their original widespread
locations along the southern coast of England.(一只雄性白尾鹰的诞生标志着罗伊丹尼斯野生动物基金会
(RDWF)和英格兰林业项目的成功，该项目将这些标志性的鸟类送回了它们原来在英格兰南部海岸的广泛
分布的地方)”以及第六段“This is a very special moment(这是一个非常特殊的时刻)”可知，文章主要介绍了
一只雄性白尾鹰的出生是恢复英国白尾鹰繁殖的里程碑。C项“白尾鹰的里程碑”最适合作文章标题。故
选C。
Passage 9
【2024届湖南省衡阳市高三第二次联考（二模）】
“What beautiful music!”I shout loudly as my 9-year-old son practices playing the violin. He’s used to this
praise; I give rewards like that most days. But every once in a while, I skip it, and when I do, I can see the
disappointment on his face when he’s finished.
Am I a bad mom? Conventional wisdom says that consistency is key to parenting since it enables your child
to predict how you’ll react, leading to good behavior. And it’s true that children need some level of predictability in
their lives, particularly when it comes to discipline.
But research suggests that inconsistent gifts and praise can have a greater effect on motivation. While we all
like to live in a predictable world, we often respond more strongly to unpredictable rewards.
In one experiment, my colleagues and I told participants they’d be paid if they could drink about one-and-a-
half quarts of water in two minutes or less. In one condition, we offered people a $2 fixed reward. In another, there
was an uncertain reward of either $2 or $1. The certain reward was a better deal, yet many more people
successfully met the challenge when assigned an uncertain reward. Resolving the uncertainty — whether they
would win $1 or $2 — was significantly more motivating than winning $2 for sure.
Here is one of the reasons why uncertainty is motivating. What scientists call “intermittent ( 间歇性)
reinforcement” — rewarding behavior on some but not all occasions — makes it more arduous to know whenrewards will show up. If you very often, but don’t always, praise your child for completing their chores, they’ll
keep up the good behavior in the hope of receiving praise the next time.
So don’t assume that if kids are always praised for finishing their homework, they’ll be more likely to do it.
Do praise young people for a job well done, just not every time. And pick rewards out of a hat when they complete
chores—the surprise prize might keep everyone motivated to get things done.
12．Why does the author mention her kid’s story in the first paragraph?
A．To display the conclusion of her research.
B．To show that her kid is very smart.
C．To explain that she is a good mom.
D．To lead in the topic.
13．Why did more participants choose an uncertain reward in the experiment?
A．It was more inspiring. B．It was more demanding.
C．It was fair to all participants. D．It was easy to get more rewards.
14．What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 5 mean?
A．Convenient. B．Popular. C．Flexible. D．Difficult.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Why Consistency Is Critical to Parenting
B．Why Resolving Uncertainty Is Rewarding
C．How Inconsistent Praise Affects Motivation
D．How Parents’ Behaviors Affect Their Children
【答案】12．D 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是研究表明，不一致的礼物和表扬会对动机产生更大的影响。虽然
我们都喜欢生活在一个可预测的世界里，但我们往往对不可预测的奖励反应更强烈，文章分析了原因。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“I give rewards like that most days. But every once in a while, I skip it, and when
I do, I can see the disappointment on his face when he’s finished.(我大多数时候都是这么奖励的。但每隔一段时
间，我就跳过，当我跳过的时候，我能看到他读完后脸上的失望。)”和第三段“But research suggests that
inconsistent gifts and praise can have a greater effect on motivation. While we all like to live in a predictable world,
we often respond more strongly to unpredictable rewards.(但研究表明，不一致的礼物和表扬会对动机产生更大
的影响。虽然我们都喜欢生活在一个可预测的世界里，但我们往往对不可预测的奖励反应更强烈。)”可知，
第一段的故事引出了本文的主题，即不一致的礼物和表扬会对动机产生更大的影响。故选D。
13．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Resolving the uncertainty—whether they would win $1 or $2—was
significantly more motivating than winning $2 for sure.(决定选不确定性——他们会赢得1美元还是2美元——
比肯定赢得2美元更有动力。)”可知，更多的参与者在实验中选择不确定的奖励是因为它更鼓舞人心。故
选A。
14．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“rewarding behavior on some but not all occasions(在某些情况下奖励行为，但不是所有情况)”可知，只在某些情况下才奖励行为，所以要知道奖励何时出现会变得更困难，划线词
arduous的意思是“困难的”，和difficult意思相近。故选D。
15．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第三段“But research suggests that inconsistent gifts and praise can
have a greater effect on motivation. While we all like to live in a predictable world, we often respond more strongly
to unpredictable rewards.(但研究表明，不一致的礼物和表扬会对动机产生更大的影响。虽然我们都喜欢生
活在一个可预测的世界里，但我们往往对不可预测的奖励反应更强烈。)”可知，本文主要讲的是不一致的
礼物和表扬会对动机产生更大的影响，并解释了原因，因此本文最好的标题是C选项“How Inconsistent
Praise Affects Motivation(不一致的表扬如何影响动机)”，故选C。
Passage 10
【2024 届江西省部分重点中学高三下学期第二次联考】The National Heritage Responders is a
volunteer network of around 100 experts in cultural heritage conservation from around Puerto Rico. They assist
individuals and institutions in figuring out how to save important objects and buildings after disasters. Their crisis
hotline has been busier than ever in recent years because of more frequent and severe weather brought on by
climate change. In 2023, there have been around 70 calls so far, up from fewer than 10 in 2008, when the hotline
first appeared.
Ann Frellsen, the Atlanta-based book and paper conservator, is a longtime heritage responder volunteer with
more than three decades of experience in helping out cultural institutions after disasters. She was among those sent
to Puerto Rico over several visits starting a couple of months after two hurricanes hit it in 2017.
After providing initial support via the phone, Frellsen and her team came in to help La Casa del Libro and
other local institutions in crisis with equipment, supplies and advice. In fact, much of the advice the hotline
provides is via phone or video-chat; volunteers are sent out into the field in certain cases, on an as-needed basis.
“There were no stoplights and signs on the highways because they’d all been blown away,” Frellsen said.
She added that figuring out how to reach the more than 20 institutions that needed assistance in Puerto Rico was
challenging—not to mention the on-the-job hazards.
When Frellsen isn’t heading into disaster zones to help save artifacts (文物) from fires, hurricanes and
floods, she trains others in the heritage conservation field to do the same. Some of the participants may eventually
take the test to become National Heritage Responders. But at this moment, they are deep in a hands-on training
exercise, based on an imaginary situation cooked up by Frellsen and her co-trainers.
24．What can we say about Puerto Rico?
A．It calls on people to keep in contact. B．Natural disasters are increasing there.
C．It works hard to build highways. D．The weather is really nice there.
25．What can be learned about the National Heritage Responders?
A．It teaches individuals how to protect themselves.
B．New volunteers can join it with no tests required.
C．Victims all over the world can contact it by hotline.
D．It sends experts to the disaster areas when necessary.
26．What does the underlined word “hazards” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Dangers. B．Skills. C．Trainings. D．Rights.
27．What are Frellsen and her team busy doing at present?
A．Taking various tests. B．Entering a new disaster area.
C．Conducting a practical exercise. D．Restoring priceless artifacts.
【答案】24．B 25．D 26．A 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一个援助波多黎各的灾后保护文物的志愿者组织
NationlHeritage Responders及其中一名志愿者Ann Frellsen。
24．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Their crisis hotline has been busier than ever in recent years because of more
frequent and severe weather brought on by climate change. (近年来，由于气候变化带来的更频繁、更恶劣的天
气，他们的危机热线比以往任何时候都要忙。)”可知，发生于波多黎各的自然灾害正在增加。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In fact, much of the advice the hotline provides is via phone or video-chat;
volunteers are sent out into the field in certain cases, on an as-needed basis. (事实上，热线提供的大部分建议都
是通过电话或视频聊天提供的；在某些情况下，志愿人员会根据需要被派往实地。)”可知，National
Heritage Responders在必要时会派专家去灾区。故选D。
26．词句猜测题。根据画线词前“She added that figuring out how to reach the more than 20 institutions that
needed assistance in Puerto Rico was challenging—not to mention the on-the-job (她补充说，如何到达波多黎各
需要援助的20多家机构是一个挑战，更不用说工作上的)”可知，如何到达波多黎各需要援助的20多家机
构是一个挑战，更不用说工作上的危险了。划线词的意思是“危险”。A. Dangers危险；B. Skills技能；C.
Trainings培训；D. Rights权利。故选A。
27．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But at this moment, they are deep in a hands-on training exercise, based on
an imaginary situation cooked up by Frellsen and her co-trainers. (但此时此刻，他们正在深入实践训练，这是
基于弗雷尔森和她的联合培训师虚构的一个情境。)”可知，Frellsen 和她的团队正忙于模拟演习。故选C。
2024年
Passage 1
【2024 浙江 1 月卷】When was the last time you used a telephone box? I mean to make an actual phone
,
call — not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago right? The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose
was…2006. I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to
impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit
candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked
outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory
Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time
to get back in before the actors arrived.As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public
telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by
can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be
stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous
books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great
books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect
me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
4. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to?
A. The play. B. The shared house.
C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
5. Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006?
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
6. What do we know about the “mini community library”?
A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month.
7. Why did the author start to use the “library”?
A. He wanted to borrow some love stories.
B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C. He found there were excellent free books.
D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭被
改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions (试演) for my play in my tiny old shared house in
London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演。)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房
看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”。故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing
agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电
话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回
去。)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话。故选A。
【6题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any
passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own
collection.(最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，
以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换。)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图
书。故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous
books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to
experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great
books!(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费
的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书！)”可
知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用。故选C。
Passage 2
【2024全国甲卷】Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have
distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.
But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations
with humans using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract
attention and find food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft
meows. Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess
their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place
to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.
Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't
usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find
random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of
predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just
doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
4. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats.
C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age.
5. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.
6. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster. C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
7. What is a suitable title for the text?A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示
爱意。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals
have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for
shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依靠这些
声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life
and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注
意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They
use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但它们
的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检查气
味来评估不同情况。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人印
象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.
(许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可以从外边
找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东西这一行
为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表达
他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习惯，
以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文章标
题最为合适。故选B。
Passage 3
【2024新课标Ⅰ卷】Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are
listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The
answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration,
an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.
When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on
paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly
shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a readingpassage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With
paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their
memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.
But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing
hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media,
which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.
Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these
technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have
demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view
identical pieces.
Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in
print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t
assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.
28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?
.
A Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain.
C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice.
29. What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?
A. Readers treat digital texts lightly. B. Digital texts are simpler to understand.
C. People select digital texts randomly. D. Digital texts are suitable for social media.
30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?
A. They can hold students' attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare.
C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text.
31. What does the author imply in the last paragraph?
A. Students should apply multiple learning techniques.
B. Teachers should produce their own teaching material.
C. Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.
D. Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. A 31. C
【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more
successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更
多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更
有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a
reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员
从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应
是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a
theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a
mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are
reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根
据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，
投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，
不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。
【30题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers
increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音
频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一
作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。
故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing
resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for,
educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视
频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况
下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数
字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所
有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，
因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。
Passage 4
【2024北京卷】The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the
term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer
simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific
question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific
knowledge.
The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that
are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in
structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world
is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one
knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality,
reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social,
cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer
simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation?” to “Can we model the
universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world,
we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the
universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics.
Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing,
virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe.
Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an
output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more
tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become.
It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the
“computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.
28. What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis?
A. Make an assumption. B. Illustrate an argument.
C. Give a suggestion. D. Justify a comparison.
29. What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Accepted by. B. Determined by. C. Awakened by. D. Discovered by.
30. As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________.
A. appreciative B. doubtful C. unconcerned D. disapproving
31. It is implied in this passage that we should _________.
A. compare the current models with the previous ones
B. continue exploring the classical models in history
C. stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation
D. turn simulations of the universe into realities up.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. A 31. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的
看法。
【28题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that
debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously.
Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use
this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟
的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都
不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，
是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。
【29题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal realityeither since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories.
Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、
文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且
结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与
determined by意义相近。故选B项。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of
things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind
plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可
知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发
挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never
know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知
道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的
论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of
computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we
have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的
产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能
变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous
scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding
exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非
常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为
模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。
Passage 5
【2024新课标ⅠⅠ卷】Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take
action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the
challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into
the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for
a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as
AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,
moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says,
will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its futurenow-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep
control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they
are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history
and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future
with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness
rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
12. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.
13. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions. D. It is intended for AI professionals.
14. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
15. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. C 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇书评。文章主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with
Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，
强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码)
that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the heady
into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20
多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角
度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”
可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示
“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experiencetranslating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as
an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you
feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理
解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，
读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的
内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or risk
being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚至更
糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out. Such structured
thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our downfall. (我们需要考
虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们走向伟大，而不是走
向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工
智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take
action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the
challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们
都需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即
将到来的人工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on
the subject, this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可
知，本文主要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，
该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁
各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的
书。故选A项。
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年全国甲卷】Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up
shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26,
accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She
says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout
the house. It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her fromlosing any deposit when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always
like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a
room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more
than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average
spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifth
wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research
shows it is women now leading the charge.
24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1?
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25. Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day?
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented?
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27. What trend in DIY does the research show?
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女
性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she
never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己
能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近
画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the
age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with
£ 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的
Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and
is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，
但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励。故选
B。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoidany charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用
是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的。故
选A。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是
女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎。故选D。
Passage 2
【2023 年浙江 1 月卷】Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if
you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that
bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my
parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned
a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out
how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days
later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to
carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my
own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able
to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a
bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but
you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment
on what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on
board, your words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
24．What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph?
A．Share an apartment with you. B．Join you in what you’re doing.
C．Transform your way of living. D．Help you to make the decision.
25．What was the attitude of the author’s father toward buying groceries with jars?
A．He disapproved of it. B．He was favorable to it.
C．He was tolerant of it. D．He didn’t care about it.
26．What can we infer about the author?
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.
27．What is the text mainly about?A．How to get on well with other family members.
B．How to have one’s own personal space at home.
C．How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D．How to control the budget when buying groceries.
【答案】24．B 25．A 26．D 27．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。
24．词句猜测题。根据划线部分前文“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备
好)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if
you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.(在这个
过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改
变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不是你周围的每个人都准备好加入
这一运动。由此推知，划线词组jump on that bandwagon与Join you in what you’re doing.(加入你正在做的事
情)意思接近。故选B。
25．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and
my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere. It came off as a bit discouraging.(几天后，
我带着第一罐零废物杂货回来了，我父亲评论说，我到处带着罐子是多么愚蠢。结果有点令人沮丧)”可推
知，作者的父亲不赞成用罐子买食品杂货。故选A。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was
within my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your
household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make
the changes you desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可
推知，作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D。
27．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not
everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.(如果你想过一种更可持续的生活方式，可能不
是你周围的每个人都准备好加入这一运动)”及第二段中的“I’ve learned a few things along the way though,
which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-
always-supportive household.(在这个过程中，我学到了一些东西，我希望如果你在一个不总是支持你的家庭
中尽最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改变，你会感到鼓舞)”可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费
的生活方式。故选C。
Passage 3
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a
detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you
decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital
minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly
intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.
This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days,
you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive
benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll
draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear
these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you
should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable
digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the
necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each
chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.
You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for
your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a
detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you
decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后
如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选
B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty
days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that
you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”
可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own
digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform
a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将
借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一
章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a
minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮
助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第
二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
Passage 4
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object — the
book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader
appears throughout history, in art made long before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’
representations of books and reading, we see moments of shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —
absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds
of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of
the subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in
their own right. More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the
raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page
outdated. From a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as
any battery-powered e-reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages
parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly
networked lives where the information we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance
of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
8. Where is the text most probably taken from?
A. An introduction to a book. B. An essay on the art of writing.
C. A guidebook to a museum. D. A review of modern paintings.
9. What are the selected artworks about?
A. Wealth and intellect. B. Home and school.C. Books and reading. D. Work and leisure.
10. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Understand. B. Paint.
C. Seize. D. Transform.
11. What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A. The printed book is not totally out of date.
B. Technology has changed the way we read.
C. Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D. People now rarely have the patience to read.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. A 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了印刷书籍和阅读对人类的重要意义。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，再根据文章第一段“Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday
object — the book, represented here in almost three hundred artworks from museums around the world. (Reading
Art: Art for Book Lovers这一活动是为书籍这一日常物品办的典礼，这里有来自世界各地博物馆的近三百件
艺术品)”以及倒数第二段“Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be
works of art in their own right. (在印刷机广泛使用之前，书籍是珍贵的物品，它们本身就可以成为艺术品)”
可推知，本文最有可能出自一篇关于著作艺术的文章。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。通过文章第二段“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。
我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”可知，选定的艺术品是
关于书籍和阅读的。故选C。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections
between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book
as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。
我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may
have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记
录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最
相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-reader (它仍然像任何电池
供电的电子阅读器一样具有互动性)”以及“printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line”
activity (印刷书籍仍然提供了完全私人的“离线”活动的机会)”可推知，本文作者提到电子阅读器想表达的是印刷书籍并没有完全过时。故选A。
Passage 5
,
【2023年北京卷】What is life? Like most great questions this one is easy to ask but difficult to answer.
The reason is simple: we know of just one type of life and it’s challenging to do science with a sample size of one.
The field of artificial life-called ALife for short — is the systematic attempt to spell out life’s fundamental
principles. Many of these practitioners, so-called ALifers, think that somehow making life is the surest way to
really understand what life is.
So far no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism,
such as declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such
complaints. Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of
a living system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial
life?’ Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”
As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts to create artificial life
could have practical payoffs. Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both
fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化). This is the capacity for a system to create
essentially endless complexity, to be a sort of “novelty generator”. The only system known to exhibit this is Earth’s
biosphere. If the field of ALife manages to reproduce life’s endless “creativity” in some virtual model, those same
principles could give rise to truly inventive machines.
Compared with the developments of Al, advances in ALife are harder to recognize. One reason is that ALife is
a field in which the central concept — life itself — is undefined. The lack of agreement among ALifers doesn’t help
either. The result is a diverse line of projects that each advance along their unique paths. For better or worse, ALife
mirrors the very subject it studies. Its muddled (混乱的) progression is a striking parallel (平行线) to the
evolutionary struggles that have shaped Earth biosphere.
Undefined and uncontrolled, ALife drives its followers to repurpose old ideas and generated novelty. It may
be, of course, that these characteristics aren’t in any way surprising or singular. They may apply universally to all
acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something：perhaps,
just like life itself throughout the universe, the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.
31. Regarding Alan Smith’s defence of ALife, the author is .
A. supportive B. puzzled C. unconcerned D. doubtful
32. What does the word “enamored” underlined in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Shocked. B. Protected. C. Attracted. D. Challenged.
33. What can we learn from this passage?
A. ALife holds the key to human future. B. ALife and AI share a common feature.
C. AI mirrors the developments of ALife. D. AI speeds up the process of human evolution.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Life Is Undefined. Can AI Be a Way Out?
B. Life Evolves. Can AI Help ALife Evolve, Too?
C. Life Is Undefined. Can ALife Be Defined One Day?D. Life Evolves. Can Attempts to Create ALife Evolve, Too?
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为说明文。文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化的问题。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“As much as many ALifers hate emphasizing their research’s applications, the attempts
to create artificial life could have practical payoffs. (尽管许多ALifer讨厌强调他们研究的应用，但创造人工生
命的尝试可能会有实际的回报)”可知，作者认为创造人工生命的尝试是会有回报的；再结合第二段“So far
no one has convincingly made artificial life. This track record makes ALife a ripe target for criticism, such as
declarations of the field’s doubtful scientific value. Alan Smith, a complexity scientist, is tired of such complaints.
Asking about “the point” of ALife might be, well, missing the point entirely, he says. “The existence of a living
system is not about the use of anything.” Alan says. “Some people ask me, ‘So what’s the worth of artificial life?’
Do you ever think, ‘What is the worth of your grandmother?’”(到目前为止，还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工
生命。这一记录使生命科学成为批评的成熟目标，比如对该领域可疑科学价值的声明。复杂性科学家艾
伦•史密斯厌倦了这样的抱怨。他说，询问ALife的“意义”可能完全没有抓住要点。“一个生命系统的存
在与任何东西的使用无关。”Alan说。“有人问我，‘那么人工生命的价值是什么？’你有没有想过，
‘你祖母的价值是多少？’”)”可推知，因为还没有人能令人信服地制造出人工生命，才导致使生命科学
成为批评（认为其没有科学价值）的成熟目标，作者认为这是不合理的，所以后文引用了Alan Smith的话
语对这种观点进行反驳，即关于Alan Smith对ALife的辩护，作者表示支持。故选A。
【32题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in
both fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表
亲，因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念enamored)”可知，人工智能可能被认为是
ALife的表亲，说明人工智能和ALife二者间有共同之处，可推测是因为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫
做开放进化的概念所吸引，所以才有了这种观点。故划线词意为“吸引”。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Artificial intelligence may be considered ALife’s cousin in that researchers in both
fields are enamored by a concept called open-ended evolution (演化).(人工智能可能被认为是ALife的表亲，因
为这两个领域的研究人员都被一个叫做开放进化的概念所吸引)”可知，ALife和AI有一个共同的特点。故
选B。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段“They may apply universally to all acts of evolution. Ultimately ALife may be
nothing special. But even this dismissal suggests something: perhaps, just like life itself throughout the universe,
the rise of ALife will prove unavoidable.(它们可能普遍适用于所有进化行为。最终，ALife可能没有什么特别
的。但即使是这种否定也表明了一些事情：也许，就像整个宇宙中的生命本身一样，ALife的崛起将被证
明是不可避免的)”结合文章主要探讨了ALife是否也在不断地进化。D选项“生命在进化。创造ALife的尝
试也能进化吗？”是最合适的标题。故选D。Passage 6
【2023年全国乙卷】If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one
part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while
most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly
recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that,
but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps
the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English
side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only
a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what
was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written
reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or
deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often
have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of
Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most
powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider
contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily
twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just
the texts, but the objects.
12. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
13. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2?
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
14. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
15. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from?
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。本文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳
入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not
privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever hadtexts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and
until fairly recently even many literate (有文字的) societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in
things. (如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，
因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚
的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情。)”
可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters
of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. (理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结
合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到。)”可推断，作者认为历
史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the
English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we
have only a wooden shield (盾) dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. (在英国方面，我
们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男
子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的。)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从
自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin
and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully
through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联
系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only
one half of a dialogue. (加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都
出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述
的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第
一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读
文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果
我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以 conversation指的是“历史”。故选
B。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not
privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had
texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一
部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而
世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that
conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读
文本，还要读物体。)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
2022年阅读理解
Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia
tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.
5. Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A. He took it for a tablet computer. B. He disliked the colorful pictures.
C. He was angry with his grandpa. D. He wanted to read it by himself.
6. What does the author think of himself?
A. Socially ambitious. B. Physically attractive.
C. Financially independent. D. Digitally competent.
7. What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A. He lacks experience in his job. B. He seldom appears on television.
C. He manages a video department. D. He often interviews internet stars.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童
读物，孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。【4题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools.
Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal. ”以及画线词后文“as I was sitting
with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. ”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故
事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而
这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。
故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a
tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my
storybook was like that. (事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开
心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故
事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I
edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，
我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为
自己懂数码技术。故选D。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent
little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. (然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差
距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
Passage 2
【2022 年浙江卷 1 月】 For nearly a decade now, Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport
specialist. Her pet transport job was bom of the financial crisis （危机）in the late 2000s. The downturn hit the
real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left
her looking for a new job. One day, while driving near her home, she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost.
She took it home, and her sister in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure, but 1, 600 miles away.
It didn't take long for Merebeth to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth*s pet delivery service also satisfies her wanderlust. It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana, Washington and Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet
with transport needs there. She travels in all weathers. She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming, heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father, she says. She moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old, because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast, away from her parents, where she enjoyed
a life of sailing and off-road biking.It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30, 000 per year before tax. She doesn't work in
summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning. As autumn comes,
she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning. It’s a call she must heed alone, though. Merebeth says,
*'When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly
that I mush help animals.
1. Why did Merebeth changed her job?
A. She wanted to work near her home.
B. She was tired of working in the office.
C. Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D. Her former employer was out of business.
2. The word "wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ?
A. make money. B. try various jobs.
C. be close to nature. D. travel to different places.
3 What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A. She has chances to see rare animals.
B. She works hard throughout the year.
C. She relies on herself the whole time.
D. She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
【答案】l.D 2.D 3.C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一名自营宠物运输专
家。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中 “ The downturn hit the real estate （房地产）firm where she had worked for ten
years as an office manager. The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.（她曾在一家房地产公司做
了 10 年 的办公室经理，经济低迷打击了这家公司。公司破产了，她只好另寻新工作）”，可知，
Merebeth之所以换 工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
【2题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第二段中 “ It has taken her to every state in the US except Montana, Washington and
Oregon, she says proudly. If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.
She travels in all weathers.（她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。
如果她想去一个新 的地方，她只需要找到一个有交通需要的宠物。她风雨无阻地旅行）”，可知，划线
词的意思是“渴望去不 同的地方旅行”。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “When I am on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been
independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I mush help animals.（当我在路上的时候，我只是在自己的世
界 里。我一直很独立，我强烈地觉得我必须帮助动物）”，可知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠
自己。 故选C。Passage 3
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to
look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s
wellbeing, It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind. Staff in care homes
have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used to keep hens when I was
younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school. ”
“I like the project a lot. I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there
again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.”
“It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents
come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something
useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has
been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said:
“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits
and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will
really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
8. What is the purpose of the project?
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
9. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
10. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7?
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
11. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
【答案】8. D 9. B 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness
and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康
状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in
to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels
great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来
外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目
获得了一种成就感。故选B。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一
批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。
故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.
We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目 的想
法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of
Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents
through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这
个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故
选A。
Passage 4
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public
service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are
behind the wheel.
Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while
driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now
rising sharply.
That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic
Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. "
"Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road
safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to
an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.
An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would
work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the
Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driver
had just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws.
"We need something on the books that can change people's behavior,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed forthe state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going
to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "
8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
A. Ineffective. B. Unnecessary.
C. Inconsistent. D. Unfair.
9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?
A. Where a driver came from. B. Whether a driver used their phone.
C. How fast a driver was going. D. When a driver arrived at the scene.
10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws.
11. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start
B. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer
C. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.
D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机造成“分神”，引发交通事故的问题，纽约的一
名立法者提出使用Textalyzer（短信监控器）的技术来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public
service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are
behind the wheel. ”（在过去的七年里，大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方
法来说服人们在开车时放下手机。）以及第二段中“Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be
getting worse. ”（然而，无论以何种标准衡量，这个问题似乎都在恶化。）可知，大多数州使用了各种各样
的方法说服司机们在开车的时候放下手机，可是情况却越来越糟糕。所以各种方法是无效的。A选项
ineffective意为“无效的”，与此相符。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted, emailed or
done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws. ”（这项技术可以确定司机是否
发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许的其他事情。）可知，Textalyzer能够确定的是司机
是否使用了手机发短信、邮件以及其他驾驶法不允许的行为。B 选项意为“是否司机使用了手机。”与此
相符，故选B。
【10题详解】
词义猜测题。根据句中的“We need something on the books that can change people's behavior. ”（我们需要一
些能改变人们行为的东西，）可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the
Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. ”（他说，如果Textalyzer法案成为法律，“人们会更害怕拿起手机。）可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当
Textalyzer法案成为法律。收到法律的约束和惩罚，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指
代的是法律。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。纵观全文，第一段和第二段阐述的是“虽然大多数州已经尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们
在开车时放下手机。可是问题却越来越严重”。第三段中“That is partly because people are driving more.
”（部分原因是开车的人越来越多）可知，解释了该行为产生的部分原因。第四段至第五段讲述的是为了
解决该问题是纽约立法者提出了一个新的想法即利用Textalyzer技术，来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用
了手机。最后一段讲述的是：相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案由此才能真正的改变人们的行为。
故B选项Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer（发短信还是在开车？防范短信监控器。）适合
文章的标题。故选B。
Passage 5
【2022年全国乙卷】Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways
and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of
applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and
infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
8. What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible?
A. The use of drones in checking on power lines. B. Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C. The reduction of cost in designing drones. D. Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
9. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.
C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
.
A To provide early warning. B. To make trains run automatically.C. To earn profits for the crews. D. To accelerate transportation.
11. Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A. What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B. How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C. What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
.
D How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。应用今天的“空中之眼”的技术，无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠的同时又能
帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They
could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the
correct position of railway tracks and switching points.(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。他们完全可以做同样
的事情来检查铁路线路和铁路基础设施的其他重要方面，如铁路轨道和换乘点的正确位置)”可知使用无人
机检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能。故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据后文“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a
year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure. (据统计，仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间
派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施)”可知花在maintenance上的费用是用于“inspect and repair the rail
infrastructure （检查和维修铁路基础设施”，由此可知“That includes huge savings in maintenance costs
and better protection of railway personnel safety”是指大幅节省检修成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全，划线词
和 C项：Inspection and repair(检修)含义相近。故选C。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段 “detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety
problems. they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.可知，无人机在
铁路出现任何安全问题之前可以检测其故障，提前预警，以便高速行驶的火车能及时做出反应。。故选
A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主题段第一段“Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and
reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the
very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometers of
rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a24/7 basis.(一小群无人机能否在保证铁
路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元?这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未
来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁路轨道和基础设施全天候安全运行。)”以及后文第二段讲到了使用无人机
检查电力线路使无人机应用于铁路线路成为可能;第三段讲到了使用无人机大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全；第四段讲到了通过使用最新的技术，无人机还可以开始为铁路提供更高的价值，可知文章
主要讲述了无人机将如何改变铁路的未来，所以D项“无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。”符合文章中心思
想，适合作为本文的最佳标题。故选D。
Passage 6
【2022年全国甲卷】As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little
Gentoo penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what
was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career(职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
8. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
9. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
10. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
.
11 What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
【答案】8. A 9. C 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望
探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。【8题详解】
词句猜测题。根据第二段划线词前文“Throughout her career(职业) as a professional dancer, she toured in the
UK, but always longed to explore further. (在她的职业舞蹈演员生涯中，她曾在英国巡演，但一直渴望进一步
探索)”和“When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest,(当她不再跳舞，她的儿子们最
终独立生活)”可知，Ginni在退休和儿子们成家立业之后，她决定尝试有挑战性的事情。由此推知，划线词
组take the plunge与try challenging things“尝试有挑战性的事情”意思接近。故选A。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on
ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego.(正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一刻买到从
火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船只)”可知，是一张折扣票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of
the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.(意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这是Ginni最深
刻的感受之一。)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71 has had a deep love for travel.(今年71岁的
吉妮从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Balinton从小就对旅行有
着深深的热爱，渴望探险，不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南
极洲的旅程。由此可知，A childhood dream.(童年的梦想)能够概括文章主旨。故选A。
Passage 7
【2022 年浙江卷 6 月】Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to success, but
research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.
In a study led by Ellen Langer of Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a
new a made-up language. Subjects who practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those
who practiced extensively or not at all. High levels of knowledge can make people too attached to traditional ways
of viewing problems across fields the arts, sciences, and politics. High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.
How long we stay on the clock and how we spend that time are under careful examination in many
workplaces. The young banker who eats lunch at his desk is probably seen as a go-getter, while his colleagues who
chat over a relaxed conference-room meal get dirty looks from the corner office. “People from cultures that value
relationships more than ours does are shocked by the thought of eating alone in front of a computer”, says Art
Markman, a professor of psychology at the University of Texas, Austin. Social interaction has been shown to lift
mood(情绪) and get people thinking in new directions and in ways that could help improve any post-lunch effort.
Markman also promotes off-task time. “Part of being a good thinker is experiencing things that are seemingly
unrelated to what you are working on at the moment but give you fresh ideas about your work,” he says. “Also,
there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads to higher levels of productivity and creativity. So, when
people do things to increase their life satisfaction, they also make themselves more effective at work.”7. What does Ellen Langer’s study show?
A. It is worthwhile to be a perfectionist B. Translation makes people knowledgeable.
C. Simpler jobs require greater caution. D. Moderate effort produces the best result.
8. The underlined word “go-getter” in paragraph 3 refers to someone Who_______.
A. is good at handling pressure B. works hard to become successful
C. a has a natural talent for his job. D. gets on well with his co-workers
9. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. A good thinker is able to inspire other people.
B. Experience unrelated to your job is useless.
C. A cheerful mood helps make a creative mind.
D. Focusing on what you do raises productivity.
10. What does the text seem to advocate?
A. Middle-of-the-road work habits. B. Balance between work and family.
C. Long-standing cultural traditions. D. Harmony in the work environment.
【答案】7. D 8.B 9.C 10.A
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了许多人认为工作到最大限度是成功的秘诀，但研究发
现，适度的工作也会带来成果。所以要适度工作，工作时要有积极的情绪，这会让自己在工作中更有效率。
7.D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Many people believe that working to the maximum is the secret to
success, but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on the job.(许多人认为工作到最大限度是
成功的秘诀，但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果。)”和第二段中“In a study led by Ellen Langer of
Harvard University, researchers asked people to translate sentences into a new a made-up language. Subjects who
practiced the language moderately beforehand made fewer errors than those who practiced extensively or not at all.
(在哈佛大学Ellen Langer领导的一项研究中，研究人员要求人们将句子翻译成一种新的虚构的语言。那些
事先适度练习这门语言的受试者比那些全力练习或根本不练习的受试者犯的错误要少。)”可知，第一段提
出主题，即适度的工作也会带来成果，接着第二段作者用Ellen Langer的研究来证明这一点，由此可推知，
Ellen Langer的研究表明适度的努力会产生最好的结果。故选D。
8.B【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线单词下文“while his colleagues who chat over a relaxed conference-room
meal get dirty looks from the corner office.(而他那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事们则在角落办公室里得到不
屑的目光。)”可知，while前后是对比关系，那些在会议室吃饭时闲聊的同事会得到别人不屑的目光，即被
认为不努力工作，相反，那些在办公桌前吃午饭的年轻银行家可能被视为是一个努力工作以求成功的人，
由此可知，划线单词go-getter，指的是那些努力工作以求成功的人，故选B。
9.C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Also, there is a lot of research showing that a positive mood leads
to higher levels of productivity and creativity.(此外，许多研究表明，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力。
)”可知，积极的情绪能够提高生产力和创造力，由此可推知，愉快的心情有助于创造性思维。故选C。
10.A【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“but research has found that moderation(适度) also gets results on
the job.(但研究发现，适度的工作也会带来成果)”和第二段中“High conscientiousness is related to lower job
performance, especially in simple jobs where it doesn’t pay to be a perfectionist.(高尽责性与低工作表现有关，
尤其是在简单的工作中，追求完美并不值得。)”可知，文章主要介绍研究表明适度的工作也会带来成果，所以文章提倡适度工作，即中庸的工作习惯。故选A。
Passage 8
【2022 年北京卷】Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been
sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as
humans. I’ve also had exchanges with two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson
who I see as someone who helps keep the field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies
have invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum
machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is
the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep.
“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing
researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have
gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And
that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those
concerns do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”
He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what
we are doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just
as I trust Johnson.
31. Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A. sympathetic B. unconcerned C. doubtful D. excited
32. What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A. His dominance in physics. B. The competition in the field.
C. His confidence in PyQuantum. D. The investment of tech companies.
33. What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A. Open. B. Cool. C. Useful. D. Resistant.
34. Which would be the best title for the passage?
A. Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B. Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C. Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D. Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
.
【答案】31 A 32. C 33. A 34. D
【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学
家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
31.【解析】
推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may
mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers
can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着
量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的
工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最
后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于
约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀
疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
32.【解析】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅
度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been
able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time
quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度
上”接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问
题”。他补充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做
法）”可知，泰勒对量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
33.【解析】
词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,
Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（
但约翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该
理解的酷东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的
酷东西”，所以它特别容易被炒作。故 prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B.
Cool. 酷的；C. Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
34.【解析】
主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many
smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to
turn climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大
型科技公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们
“治愈癌症，甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一
段“Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投
资量子计算机。但我信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像
它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
2021年阅读理解
Passage 1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】I have worked as a keeper at the National Zoo, Paris for 11 years. Spot and
Stripe are the first tiger cubs that have ever been born here. Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it
to adulthood, so I decided to give them round-the-clock care at home.
I've got two children—the younger one, Kynan, was extremely happy about the tigers arriving - but all of us
really looked forward to being part of their lives and watching them grow. I wasn't worried about bringing them
into my home with my wife and kids. These were cubs. They weighed about 2.5 kg and were so small that there
was absolutely no risk.
As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the day, but when we were
asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd get up to mischief. We'd come down in the
morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking like a zoo.
Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to look after them. There were
some tough times and I just felt extremely tired. I was grateful that my family was there to help. We had to have a
bit of a production line going, making up “tiger milk”, washing baby bottles, and cleaning the floors.
When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open doors and jump fences, and we
knew it really was time for them to go. It was hard for us to finally part with them. For the first few days, Kynan
was always a bit disappointed that the cubs weren't there.
I'm not sad about it. I'm hands-on with them every day at the zoo, and I do look back very fondly on the time
that we had them.
4. Why did the author bring the tiger cubs home?
A. To ensure their survival. B. To observe their differences.
C. To teach them life skills. D. To let them play with his kids.
5. What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3?
A. Behave badly. B. Lose their way. C. Sleep soundly. D. Miss their mom.
6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
A. Boring. B. Tiring. C. Costly. D. Risky.
7. Why did the author decide to send Spot and Stripe back to the zoo?
A. They frightened the children. B. They became difficult to contain.
C. They annoyed the neighbours. D. They started fighting each other.
【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者为了保证两只老虎幼崽的存活，决定在家里全天候照顾它们。介绍
了老虎在作者家生活的情况以及作者照顾老虎的感受。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Globally, a third of Sumatran cubs in zoos don't make it to adulthood, so I decided
to give them round-the-clock care at home. (在全球范围内，动物园里三分之一的苏门答腊老虎幼崽活不到成
年，所以我决定在家里全天候照顾它们)”可知，作者把老虎幼崽带回家是为了确保他们的存活。故选A。
【5题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“As they grew more mobile, we let them move freely around the house during the
day, but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room, otherwise they'd ”（随着它们的活动越来
越多，我们白天让它们在房子里自由活动，但当我们睡觉时，我们必须把它们关在一个大房间里，否则它
们会）以及后文“We'd come down in the morning to find they'd turned the room upside down, and left it looking
like a zoo.”（我们早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七八糟，让它看起来像个动物园。）可知，作者不得
不把老虎们关在一个大房间里，否则它们就会调皮捣蛋，表现不好。早上下楼时发现他们把房间弄得乱七
八糟，看起来像个动物园。故画线词意思是“表现不好”。故选A。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“Things quickly got very intense due to the huge amount of energy required to
look after them. There were some tough times and I just felt extremely tired.(由于需要大量的精力来照顾它们，
事情很快变得非常紧张。有一段艰难的日子，我只是觉得非常累)”可推知，作者认为在家里养小老虎累人。
故选B。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“When Spot and Stripe were four months old, they were learning how to open
doors and jump fences, and we knew it really was time for them to go.(当Spot和Stripe四个月大的时候，他们
正在学习如何开门和跳栅栏，我们知道是时候让他们离开了)”可知，作者决定把Spot 和Stripe送回动物
园是因为他们变得难以控制。故选B。
Passage 2
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's
Best Teacher will use the cash to bring inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom
revolution (变革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the
arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-
coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School, her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've
seen those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and
their faces light up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact
with children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake tosee the arts as unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not
just an add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young.
What will remain of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our
visionary sense of freshness,that has been our strength for centuries."
8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
9. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
A. It is particularly difficult. B. It increases artists' income.
C. It opens children's mind. D. It deserves greater attention.
10. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. Bring Artists to Schools B. When Historians Meet Artists
C. Arts Education in Britain D. The World's Best Arts Teacher
.
【答案】8 C 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了 100万英镑的奖金，
她将用这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to
bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a project to promote
the teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想
掀起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教
学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段“The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of
any sort - whether an up-and-coming local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire
children.（许多学校很难让任何类型的艺术家——无论是当地崭露头角的音乐家还是主要的电影明星——
进入学校，与孩子们一起工作并激励他们，因此才有了这个项目。）”可知，Craig-Martin认为，英国学
校的艺术教学尤其困难。故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity
depends on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama
认为学校教育应该强调创造力。故选C。【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou, a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to
bring about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the
teaching of the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀
起一场课堂革命。“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教
学。”）”可知，文章讲述了Andria Zafirakou用自己的奖金启动了一个项目，将艺术家带进学校，促进艺
术教学。故选A。
Passage 3
【2021年全国甲卷】When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow,
London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my
beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous
crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our
own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when
trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came
over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards
loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less
welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've
traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners
stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to
the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me.
He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years
ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed. B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there. D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding. B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks. D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
.
B Sport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belongingD. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【答案】8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【分析】本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的
地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己
的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved
beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，
没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能
很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重
要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友
大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his
head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你
好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板
的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑
板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找
到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。
Passage 4
【2021年浙江卷6月】We live in a town with three beaches. There are two parts less than 10 minutes’ walk
from home where neighborhood children gather to play. However, what my children want to do after school is pick
up a screen — any screen — and stare at it for hours. They are not alone. Today's children spend an average of four
and a half hours a day looking at screens, split between watching television and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to
counter this trend. A couple of years ago film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three,
were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say “chocolate” into his three-year-old son’s ear without
getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed
himself “marketing director from Nature”. He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to
be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World
Network, a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.
“Just five more minutes outdoors can make a difference,” David Bond says. “There is a lot of really interesting
evidence which seems to be suggesting that if children are inspired up to the age of seven, then being outdoors willbe on habit for life.” His own children have got into the habit of playing outside now: “We just send them out into
the garden and tell them not to come back in for a while.”
Summer is upon us. There is an amazing world out there, and it needs our children as much as they need it. Let
us get them out and let them play.
4. What is the problem with the author’s children?
A. They often annoy their neighbours. B. They are tired of doing their homework.
C. They have no friends to play with D. They stay in front of screens for too long.
5. How did David Bond advocate his idea?
A. By making a documentary film. B. By organizing outdoor activities.
C. By advertising in London media. D. By creating a network of friends.
6. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “charts” in paragraph 2?
A. records B. predicts C. delays D. confirms
7. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Let Children Have Fun B. Young Children Need More Free Time
C. Market Nature to Children D. David Bond: A Role Model for Children
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了电影制作人 David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的
旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“However, what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen — any
screen — and stare at it for hours. (然而，我的孩子们放学后想做的是拿起一个屏幕——任何屏幕——盯着它
看几个小时)”可知，作者的孩子在屏幕前呆的时间太长了。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marked to
young people. (他记录了他的旅程，他开始把大自然当作一个品牌，让年轻人看到)”可知，David Bond通过
拍一个纪录片宣传他的想法。故选A项。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“a film”可知，本句主语是一部电影，下文“the birth of the World Network
(世界网络的诞生)”解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知，划线词charts意为“记录、描绘”，与“records”意
思一致。故选A项。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be
marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the World Network,
a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature. (他把自己的旅行记录下来，
开始把自然当作一个品牌，推销给年轻人。其结果是Project Wild Thing，一部记录了World Network (世界
网络)诞生的电影，World Network (世界网络)是以让孩子们接触大自然为共同目标的团体)”可推知，本文主要讲述了电影制作人David Bond为了让孩子们远离屏幕，拍摄自己的旅行，并将自然当作一个品牌，推销
给年轻人。由此可知，C项Market Nature to Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合作本文标题。故选C项。
Passage5
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the
skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these
precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few
decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水 禽 ) were killed at the hands of
market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and
house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation
took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory ( 迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their
survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal
Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from
Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of
Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to
purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures
,
this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934 better than half a billion dollars
has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp
Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?
A. Acquire. B. Export.
C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
【答案】28. A 29. C 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。本文讲述了美国鸭票的故事，由于美国移民的大量流入，对于农地和住房的
急需大量的水禽栖息地被破坏导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，
而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽。
【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing
populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”可知，上百万公顷的湿地被抽干用作农地或者修建住房，极
大地减少了水禽的栖息地，故可知，栖息地的减少导致了水禽数量的下降，故选A。
【29题详解】
词义猜测题。根据前一句“Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”可知，
北美的土著人把这些珍贵的自然资源保护的很合理，本句中的“Unfortunately”可知，本句与上一句形成了
转折，前一句陈述北美土著人做的好的地方，故可知，本句阐述移民者做的不好的地方，即移民者破坏了
这些自然资源，故画线词意思是“破坏”。A. Acquire获得；B. Export出口；C. Destroy破坏；D. Distribute
分配。故选C。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase
more than 5 million acres of habitat.”可知，自1934年起，超过5亿美元进入到了这个基金会，购买了超过
500万公顷的水禽栖息地，故可以推出，通过发行鸭票，美国政府获得了大量的资金，故选D。
【31题详解】
主旨大意题。根据全文可知，由于之前不恰当的发展导致美国水禽骤减，因此美国发行了鸭票，狩猎者只
有购买了鸭票才能狩猎，而鸭票的部分收入进入到了用于购买水禽栖息地的基金，从而保护了水禽，故可
知，本文讲述美国鸭票的故事，故选A。
Passage6
【2021年北京卷】Hundreds of scientists, writers and academics sounded a warning to humanity in an open
letter published last December: Policymakers and the rest of us must engage openly with the risk of global collapse.
Researchers in many areas have projected the widespread collapse as “a credible scenario(情景) this century”.
A survey of scientists found that extreme weather events, food insecurity, and freshwater shortages might
create global collapse. Of course, if you are a non-human species, collapse is well underway.
The call for public engagement with the unthinkable is especially germane in this moment of still-
uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most technologically advanced nations. Not very long
ago, it was also unthinkable that a virus would shut down nations and that safety nets would be proven so
disastrously lacking in flexibility.
The international scholars’ warning letter doesn't say exactly what collapse will look like or when it might
happen. Collapseology, the study of collapse, is more concerned with identifying trends and with them the dangers
of everyday civilization. Among the signatories(签署者) of the warning was Bob Johnson, the originator of the
“ecological footprint” concept, which measures the total amount of environmental input needed to maintain a given
lifestyle. With the current footprint of humanity, “it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form,
possibly within a decade, certainly within this century,” Johnson said in an email.
“Only if we discuss the consequences of our biophysical limits,” the December warning letter says, “can we
have the hope to reduce their speed, severity and harm”. And yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely to
be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine. As a poet wrote,
Man is a victim of dope(麻醉品)
In the incurable form of hope.The hundreds of scholars who signed the letter are intent(执着) on quieting hope that ignores preparedness.
“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there
to make the best of a troubling future.”
28. What does the underlined word “germane” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Scientific. B. Credible.
C. Original. D. Relevant.
29. As for the public awareness of global collapse, the author is________.
A. worried B. puzzled
C. surprised D. scared
30. What can we learn from this passage?
A. The signatories may change the biophysical limits.
B. The author agrees with the message of the poem.
C. The issue of collapse is being prioritized.
D. The global collapse is well underway.
【答案】28. D 29. A 30. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章阐述了全球崩塌（global collapse）的概念。数百名科学家、作家和学者在
去年12月发表的一封公开信中向全人类发出了警告：政策制定者和我们每个人必须直面“全球崩塌”的风
险。文章具体阐释了学者们对这一概念的定义、理解和它的现实意义。
【28题详解】
词义猜测题。根据该词所在的具体语境，第三段第一句“The call for public engagement with the unthinkable
is especially germane in this moment of still-uncontrolled pandemic and economic crises in the world's most
technologically advanced nations.”（呼吁公众对世界不确定性的关注，尤其与此时此刻的情况密切相关：此
时此刻，在世界上技术最先进的国家，仍处于无法控制流行病和经济危机的泥潭中），下文也提到，一场
病毒肆虐，一个国家社会停止了运转，大流行无法控制，经济下行，这样的事情在不久之前都是无法想象，
不可思议（unthinkable）的，即世界充满了不确定性。而此时此刻呼吁人们对这种unthinkable加以关注，
正是和此时此刻的世界实况密切相关。A. Scientific科学的；B. Credible可信的，可靠的；C. Original原来
的，原创的；D. Relevant相关的，有重大关系的。根据上面的分析，仅有D符合语境，故选D。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。本题要求判断作者的情感态度，根据原文第五段“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are
likely to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，
我们都希望事情在未来会变好）和倒数最后一段的呼吁，例如“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,”
they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他
们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么
糟。”）可知，作者认为公众对“全球崩塌”的重视意识不够，比较担心，A. worried担忧的；B. puzzled
困惑的，茫然的；C. surprised惊讶的；D. scared害怕的，综合以上的分析，可见作者对此是“担忧的”，
故选A。
【30题详解】推理判断题。原文诗歌“Man is a victim of dope; In the incurable form of hope.”（人类是麻醉品的受害者；沉
迷于无可救药的幻想中）表达的是，人类无视未来全球崩塌的巨大危险，把头埋进沙子里，假装不知道，
充满不切实际的幻想和希望。而诗歌前面的段落就提到“yet messengers of the coming disturbance are likely
to be ignored. We all want to hope things will turn out fine.”（然而未来崩溃的先行信号很可能被忽略，我们都
希望事情在未来会变好），结合上下文，这里指的是人们都幻想着未来就会变好。诗歌之后的最后一段则
提到执着于“quieting hope that ignores preparedness.”（掐灭不做准备的空有幻想），接着又借学者之口，
提到“Let's look directly into the issue of collapse,” they say, “and deal with the terrible possibilities of what we
see there to make the best of a troubling future.”（他们说，“让我们直面全球崩塌的议题，真正去解决我们看
到的可能的糟糕情况，以便使未来没那么糟。”）可见，上下文一脉相承，表达相同的一方观点，未对另
一方的观点有任何呈现，理解文章后可知，作者有明显的态度倾向，作者对于这首诗表达的信息是赞同的，
故选B。
Passage7
【2021年浙江卷6月】If you ever get the impression that your dog can "tell" whether you look content or
annoyed, you may be onto something. Dogs may indeed be able to distinguish between happy and angry human
faces, according to a new study
Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images(图像)of the same person making either
a happy or an angry face. During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the
person's face. The researchers then tested the dogs' ability to distinguish between human facial expressions by
showing them the other half of the person's face on images totally different from the ones used in training. The
researchers found that the dogs were able to pick the angry or happy face by touching a picture of it with their noses
more often than one would expect by random chance.
The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during
training to new faces in the testing stage. "We can rule out that the dogs simply distinguish between the pictures
based on a simple cue, such as the sight of teeth," said study author Corsin Muller. "Instead, our results suggest that
the successful dogs realized that a smiling mouth means the same thing as smiling eyes, and the same rule applies
to an angry mouth having the same meaning as angry eyes."
"With our study, we think we can now confidently conclude that at least some dogs can distinguish human
facial expressions," Muller told Live Science.
At this point, it is not clear why dogs seem to be equipped with the ability to recognize different facial
expressions in humans. "To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their living with
humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions," and this exposure has provided them
with many chances to learn to distinguish between them, Muller said.
8. The new study focused on whether dogs can_________.
A. distinguish shapes B. make sense of human faces
C. feel happy or angry D. communicate with each other
9. What can we learn about the study from paragraph 2?
A. Researchers tested the dogs in random order.
B. Diverse methods were adopted during training.C. Pictures used in the two stages were different
D. The dogs were photographed before the lest.
10. What is the last paragraph mainly about?
A. A suggestion for future studies. B. A possible reason for the study findings.
C. A major limitation of the study D. An explanation of the research method.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。一项研究证明狗能够识别人类 的面部表情，但目前还不清楚它们为什么有这种
能力，可能的原因是它们长时间与人类共同生活。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“Researchers trained a group of 11 dogs to distinguish between images of the same
person making either a happy or an angry face.(研究人员训练了11只狗来区分同一个人脸上的表情是高兴还
是愤怒)”可知，该新研究的关注点是狗是否能够区分人的面部表情。故选B。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half
of the person’s face. The researchers then tested the dogs’ ability to distinguish between human facial expressions
by showing them the other half of the person’s face or images totally different from the ones used in training.(在训
练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部分或下半部分。研究人员随后测试了狗辨别人类面部表情的能力，向
狗展示了人的另一半面部或与训练中使用的完全不同的图像)”可知，在训练和测试阶段，狗看的照片是不
一样的。故选C。
【10题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段的““To us, the most likely explanation appears to be that the basis lies in their
living with humans, which gives them a lot of exposure to human facial expressions, and this exposure has
provided them with many chances to learn to distinguish between them” Muller said.(Muller 说：“对我们来说，
最可能的解释似乎是，基于他们与人类生活在一起，这让他们有很多机会接触人类的面部表情，而这种接
触为他们提供了很多机会，让他们学会区分他们。”)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了狗能够辨别人类面部表
情的可能原因。故选B。
Passage8
【2021年浙江卷1月】 Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild chimpanzees
(黑猩猩) use to communicate. They say wild chimps communicate 19 specific messages to one another with a
"vocabulary" of 66 gestures. The scientists discovered this by following and filming groups of chimps in Uganda,
and examining more than 5,000 incidents of these meaningful exchanges.
Dr Catherine Hobaiter, who led the research, said that this was the only form of intentional communication to
be recorded in the animal kingdom. Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where they
deliberately sent a message to another group member.
"That's what's so amazing about chimp gestures," she said. "They're the only thing that looks like human
language in that respect. ”Although previous research has shown that apes and monkeys can understand complex information from
another animal's call, the animals do not appear to use their voices intentionally to communicate messages. This
was a significant difference between calls and gestures, Dr Hobaiter said.
Chimps will check to see if they have the attention of the animal with which they wish to communicate. In one
case, a mother presents her foot to her crying baby, signaling:" Climb on me. " The youngster immediately jumps
on to its mothers back and they travel off together. "The big message from this study is that there is another species
(物种) out there. that is meaningful in its communication, so that's not unique to humans," said Dr Hobaiter.
Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of Manchester, said the study was
praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human language. But, she added, the results
were "a little disappointing".
"The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are
still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions," she said. "Moreover, the meanings
seem to not go beyond what other animal convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains. "
7．What do chimps and humans have in common according to Dr Hobaiter?
A．Memorizing specific words. B．Understanding complex information.
C．Using voices to communicate. D．Communicating messages on purpose.
8．What did Dr Shultz think of the study?
A．It was well designed but poorly conducted.
B．It was a good try but the findings were limited.
C．It was inspiring but the evidence was unreliable.
D．It was a failure but the methods deserved praise.
9．What does the underlined word "gulf" in the last paragraph mean?
A．Difference. B．Conflict. C．Balance. D．Connection.
10．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Chimpanzee behaviour study achieved a breakthrough
B．Chimpanzees developed specific communication skills
C．Chimpanzees: the smartest species in the animal kingdom
D．Chimpanzee language: communication gestures translated
【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家们通过跟踪和拍摄乌干达的黑猩猩群，翻译出了黑猩猩用来
交流的手势含义。
7．D细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Only humans and chimps, she said, had a system of communication where
they deliberately sent a message to another group member.（她说，只有人类和黑猩猩有一个交流系统，他们
故意向其他成员发送信息）”可知，根据Dr Hobaiter，黑猩猩和人类的共同点在于故意传递信息，故选
D。
8．B推理判断题。根据第六段中的“Dr Susanne Shultz, an evolutionary biologist from the University of
Manchester, said the study was praiseworthy in seeking to enrich our knowledge of the evolution of human
language. But, she added, the results were“a little disappointing”（曼彻斯特大学的进化生物学家苏珊娜·舒尔茨博士说，这项研究是值得称赞的，它试图丰富我们对人类语言进化的知识。但是，她补充说，结果“有点
令人失望”）”可知，这项研究是一个好的尝试，但是发现的结果是有限的。故选B。
9．A词义猜测题。首先根据第三段中的“They’re the only thing that looks like human language in that respect.
（在这方面，它们是唯一看起来像人类语言的东西）”可知，黑猩猩的手势交流很像我们人类语言的交流
方式。但是根据最后一段中的“Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with
non-verbal communications.（此外，这些含义似乎并不超越其他动物通过非语言交流所传达的信息）”可知，
黑猩猩手势的交流方式还是和我们语言的交流方式存在不同的，也就是“So, it seems the gulf remains.（所
以，看来差异依然存在）”，故gulf的意思是difference，故选A。
10．D主旨大意题。根据第一段的“Researchers say they have translated the meaning of gestures that wild
chimpanzees use to communicate.（研究人员表示，他们已经翻译出了野生黑猩猩用来交流的手势的含
义）”以及文章对这方面的讨论可知，文章主要讲科学家们对黑猩猩手势的研究及一些成果，所以D项：
黑猩猩语言：翻译出来的交流手势，这一题目涵盖文章的内容。故选D。
Passage 9
【2021年全国乙卷】When almost everyone has a mobile phone, why are more than half of Australian
homes still paying for a landline（座机）?
These days you’d be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15 who doesn’t own a mobile
phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can make and receive calls
anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only
on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third
concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it
while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
More than half of Australian homes are still choosing to stick with their home phone. Age is naturally a factor
（因素）— only 58 percent of Generation Ys still use landlines now and then, compared to 84 percent of Baby
Boomers who’ve perhaps had the same home number for 50 years. Age isn’t the only factor; I’d say it’s also to do
with the makeup of your household.
Generation Xers with young families, like my wife and I, can still find it convenient to have a home phone
rather than providing a mobile phone for every family member. That said, to be honest the only people who ever
ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents, to the point where we play a game and guess who is calling
before we pick up the phone（using Caller ID would take the fun out of it）.
How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas street lamps and morning milk
deliveries?
24. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about mobile phones?
A. Their target users. B. Their wide popularity.
C. Their major functions. D. Their complex design.
25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.26. What can we say about Baby Boomers?
A. They like smartphone games. B. They enjoy guessing callers’ identity.
C. They keep using landline phones. D. They are attached to their family.
27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
A. It remains a family necessity.
B. It will fall out of use some day.
C. It may increase daily expenses.
D. It is as important as the gas light.
【答案】24. B 25. A 26. C 27. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚使用固定电话的情况，并且表达了固定电话是非必
需品的观点。
【24题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“These days you'd be hard pressed to find anyone in Australia over the age of 15
who doesn't own a mobile phone. In fact plenty of younger kids have one in their pocket. Practically everyone can
make and receive calls anywhere, anytime. (现在你很难在澳大利亚找到15岁以上的没有手机的人。事实上，
很多年幼的孩子口袋里都有手机。几乎每个人都可以随时随地拨打和接听电话)”可推知，本段主要说明手
机在澳大利亚广受欢迎。故选B项。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词的上文“Of those Australians who still have a landline (在那些仍然有固定电话的
澳大利亚人中)”可知，这个调查的目标人群是仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人；根据下文“it's not really
necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent
keep it in case of emergencies (固定电话并不是必须的，他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人表示他们从
未使用过固定电话，另有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情况)”可知，很多人认为固定电话并不是必须拥
有的，有些人保留固定电话只是为了防止紧急情况。从而推知，在调查中，他们应该是承认了固定电话的
非必要性。由此推知，划线单词“concede”意为“承认”。故选A项。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“84 percent of Baby Boomers who've perhaps had the same home number for 50
years.(婴儿潮时代中有84%的人可能已经有50年相同的家庭号码了)”以及文章第五段“That said, to be
honest the only people who ever ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents (也就是说，老实说，唯一
打过我们家电话的人是婴儿潮一代的父母)”可推知，婴儿潮时代的人一直用固定电话。故选C项。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“How attached are you to your landline? How long until they go the way of gas
street lamps and morning milk deliveries? (你有多喜欢你的座机？它们还要多久才能走上煤气路灯和早晨送牛
奶的道路？)”可推知，本段使用类比的方式，使用煤气路灯以及早晨送牛奶已经被淘汰的例子，侧面说明
了固定电话总有一天会废弃的。故选B项。
