文档内容
考点 2 阅读理解之间接信息题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 2021-2023年三年高考真题考点分布
考点
细节理解
题型
试卷类型 阅读 考点
2 2023新高考I卷 阅读 21、22、23、 细节理解
0 24、26、28、33
2 2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 阅读 21、22、23、 细节理解
3 24、25、27、29、
32、35
2 2022·新高考I卷 阅读 22、25、26、 细节理解
阅读理解 0 27、32、33
2 2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 阅读 21、22、23、 细节理解
2 25、26、27、29、34
2 2021·新高考I卷 阅读 21、22、23、 细节理解
0 24、26、27、28、32
2 2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷 阅读 21、22、23、 细节理解
1 24、27、28、30、
32、33、34
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中的细节理解的考查共计48次，主要考查：
1．根据阅读文章理解文中的直接信息；
2．根据阅读文章理解文中的间接信息（主要识别同义句表达）；
3. 根据文章内容进行简单的计算；
4. 根据文章信息进行过程或时间顺序的排列；
5. 根据文章信息查找本文内容相同的部分；
【备考策略】系统归类细节理解的方法，尤其是同义句表达的技巧；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
2024年阅读理解对细节理解的考查仍然是重点，主要集中考查直接信息、间接信息（同义句表达）和数字计
算。
【2024年高考命题预测】细节理解之间接信息考点是高考中的必考点。直接信息考点主要在广告信息类文章中考，锁定题干直接找到
答案，选项和文章内容一致。预测在2024高考中，间接信息题会在广告信息文章中和记叙文、说明文中的部分试
题中呈现。
【细节理解之间接信息考点指南】
命题意图：我们在看文章、读报纸时，我们最重要的目的就是获取直接信息，也就是说，看了文章之后我们
知道了什么，我们找到了我们需要的信息。通过阅读广告信息我们能做我们要做的事，这就是学以致用，在用中
学的重要思想。因此，细节理解题一直是高考命题的重点，它要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行
理解。有些答案考生可以直接从文中找到明确的线索，但有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理，
如计算、排序、判断、比较等。近年全国及各省、市高考阅读理解中，对细节理解类题型的考查依然占了较大的
比例。特别是应用文、说明文和记叙文中，更是侧重于对细节理解的考查。
间接信息题的核心是识别同义句表达。最常用的方法是：1.采用同义词改写选项或题干；2.用反义词改写选项
或题干，采用正话反说的方式；3.采用相关句式改写。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
A
Bike rental & guided tours
Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most
economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You
can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam.
Why MacBike
MacBike has been around for almost 30 years and is the biggest bicycle rental company in Amsterdam. With over
2,500 bikes stored in our five rental shops at strategic locations, we make sure there is always a bike available for you. We
offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand brake and gears (排
挡),bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
Prices
Hand Brake, Foot Brake,
Three Gears No Gears
1 hour 7.50 5.00
3 hours 11.00 7.50
1 day
14.75 9.75
(24 hours)
Each
8.00 6.00
additional day
Guided City Tours
The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much
more. The tour departs from Dam Square every hour on the hour, starting at 1:00 pm every day. You can buy your ticket in
a MacBike shop or book online.
( )21.What is an advantage of MacBike?
A.It gives children a discount.B.It offers many types of bikes.
C.It organizes free cycle tours.
D.It has over 2,500 rental shops.
【题干定位】关键词 advantage
【文章定位】We offer the newest bicycles in a wide variety, including basic bikes with foot brake(刹车),bikes with hand
brake and gears (排挡),bikes with child seats, and children’s bikes.
【选项关键词】 many types of
【同义句表达手段】many types of =a wide variety
【答案定位】 advantage It offers many types of bikes
【正确选项】B
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and
why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,
starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before
moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
( )28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
【题干定位】关键词 be aimed at
【文章定位】The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it
asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
【文章中的关键词】 The goal of this book
【同义句表达手段】be aimed at =The goal of this book
【内容定位】 to make the case for digital minimalism
【选项关键词】Advocating v. 提倡( advocate的现在分词 )；为…辩护
【同义句表达手段】Advocating v. 提倡( advocate的现在分词 )；为…辩护=make the case for为…辩护；提出理由
【正确选项】B
3.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad,
rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the
chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I
could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as Elizabeth
Royte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly”
(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste anenvironmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of
greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my
arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is
CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it
recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that
otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in
meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by
not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you
won’t eat,” Curtin says.
5. What is a consequence of food waste according to the test?
A. Moral decline. B. Environmental harm.
C. Energy shortage. D. Worldwide starvation.
【题干定位】关键词a consequence of food waste
【文章定位】（第三段）Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it.
That makes food waste an environmental problem.
【相同关键词】 food waste
【答案定位】food waste is an environmental problem
【正确选项】B. Environmental harm
6. What does Curtin’s company do?
A. It produces kitchen equipment. B. It turns rotten arugula into clean fuel.
C. It helps local farmers grow fruits. D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
【题干定位】关键词Curtin’s company do
【文章定位】（第四段）Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it
into healthy meals.
【相同关键词】do---recover，turn Curtin---Curtin
【答案定位】D. It makes meals out of unwanted food.
7. What does Curtin suggest people do?
A. Buy only what is needed. B. Reduce food consumption.
C. Go shopping once a week. D. Eat in restaurants less often.
【题干定位】Curtin suggest people do
【文章定位】（第五段）Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more food than
necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin says.
【相同关键词】suggest--says Buy only what is needed-----not purchasing more food than necessary（同义句）
【答案定位】A. Buy only what is needed.
【答案】 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我们日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科
廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。
5. B细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other, resources
used to grow it. That makes food waste an environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, itwould be the third largest producer of greenhouse gases in the world.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃
料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是
世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境的危害。故选B。
6. D细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Curtin is CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington. D.C., which
recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations
and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce, that otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers
will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in meals down the road.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公
司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食
物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中
使用)”可知，科廷的公司用人们不想要的食物重新制作食物。故选D。
7. A细节理解题。根据最后一段中的““Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by not purchasing more
food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you won’t eat,” Curtin
says.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括
你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。故选A。
4.D【保定一模】
Extremely energetic light from space is an unexplained wonder. Scientists don't know where that light comes from,
exactly. And now astronomers have spotted this light, called gamma（伽马）rays，at higher energies than ever before.
You can't see gamma rays with your eyes. They are much more energetic than the light that we can see. So you need a
fancy detector to spot them. The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory, LHAASO, is an experiment in China. It
searches for extremely high energy gamma rays.
Scientists have spotted 12 gamma-ray hot spots. These are parts of the sky from which the gamma rays are sent out.
Those hot spots show that our galaxy, the Milky Way, has powerful particle accelerators（加速器），But those particle
accelerators aren’t made by humans. Instead. they come from violent events in the universe. They might be exploding stars,
for example. Such violent events make electric and magnetic fields，which can speed up protons（质子）and electrons.
Those fast particles can then produce gamma rays with a lot of energy. That can happen when protons interact with other
matter in space, for example.
Scientists aren't sure what could produce gamma rays with the extreme energies observed. But the new observations
point to two possibilities. One hot spot was associated with the Crab Nebula, That’s the remains of an exploded star.
Another possible source was the Cygnus Cocoon, That’s a region where massive stars are forming. The stars send out
intense winds in the process.
LHAASO is located on Haizi Mountain in China's Sichuan province. It is not yet fully operational. It’s due to be
completed later this year. Then, it could find even more gamma rays.
32.What can we learn about gamma rays?
A. They are invisible. B. They are often ignored.
C. They contain little energy. D. They are used to explore universe.
【文章内容定位】You can't see gamma rays with your eyes.（你看不到伽马射线。）→关键词→can't see
【选项A】A. They are invisible.（他们是看不见的）→关键词→invisible（看不见）
【逻辑思维对接】关键词→can't see
利用反义手段，
They are invisible.
→反义表达改写选项→
进行同意句表
（他们是看不见
达
的）关键词→invisible（看不见）
34.Which word can describe the astronomical observation mentioned in this text?
A. Disappointing. B. Exciting.
C. Accurate. D. Unconfirmed.
【文章内容定位】Scientists aren't sure what could produce gamma rays with the extreme energies observed.（你看不到
伽马射线。）→关键词→aren't sure
【选项D】D. Unconfirmed（不确定的）→关键词→Unconfirmed（不确定的）
【逻辑思维对接】关键词→aren't sure
利用同义手段，
Unconfirmed（不确
→同义表达改写选项→
进行同意句表
定的）
达
关键词→Unconfirmed（不确定的）
【学以致用】
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】B
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even
realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had
brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches
out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the pageeven harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a
tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook
was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use
mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have
a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video
project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make
sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
5．Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A．He took it for a tablet computer. B．He disliked the colorful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa. D．He wanted to read it by himself.
6．What does the author think of himself?
A．Socially ambitious. B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent. D．Digitally competent.
7．What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A．He lacks experience in his job. B．He seldom appears on television.
C．He manages a video department. D．He often interviews internet stars.
【答案】5．A6．D7．B
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，
孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
5．细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet
computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like
that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，
这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。
故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit
video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字角度来说，我还没有
毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，作者认为自己懂数码技术。
故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little
time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个明显的差距：我很少在
镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故选B。
规律方法：如何解决间接细节题？
做事实细节题最基本也最常用的方法是题识别题干中的关键词，找出文章中相应内容的同义词，有时从选项
中找关键词，然后定位文章中的同义词。
细节题的设题方式：
(1) 简单细节题标志：5个W，1个H。According to the passage, when / where / what / who / why / how (many)….
例如：
When / Where did the story happen?
What did the author think about after getting up?
Who is Lucy according to the passage?
Why did the author bring back home an old milk box?
How long does it take the battery to charge up an iPhone?
(2) 文段篇章细节题
Which of the following is (not) true / false according to the passage?
From the passage, we can learn that ______.
According to passage, we know that ______.
(3) 排序题
Choose the right time order of the following events in ...
1. 判断关键词
(1) 识记关键词类别,主要分为以下类别：
a. 大写字母开头的词（人名、地名、专有名词等），数字（时间、英文时间），形容词副词（比较级、最高级），
动词，名词。
b. 若题干中没有细节信息，如 “What can you learn from the passage?"无法找到定位词，就从选项中寻找定位词，
方法一致。
(2) 划出关键词。如：
1.Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?
大写字母开头的词（人名、地名）
2.The TV ads of Sparrow ______.
大写字母开头的词（专有名词、人名）
3.From Paragraph 2 we can learn that ______.
数字
4.Why is June 6, 1990 a special day for Mommy?
数字（时间），大写字母开头的词
5.The writer mentions the two nineteenth-century cottages to show that ______.
数字（英文时间）
6.We can learn from the last paragraph that ______.
形容词
7.We learn from the text that in 2008 ______.
数字（时间）
8.At the age of thirteen, the author regarded keeping a diary as a way of ______.
数字（英文时间）
9.What was a new use for wind power in the late 19th century?
形容词，数字（时间）
10.While the Bowler family was living in the 1900 house, ______.
大写字母开头的词（人名），数字（时间）
2. 关键词回文定位即把选项内容和原文内容进行对比分析，判断是否符合相关句的意义或在原文中提到过，然后进行排队解答。
2022年全国高考英语试题乙卷之A篇
Henry Raeburn (1756-1823)
The Exhibition
This exhibition of some sixty masterpieces celebrating the life and work of Scotland’s best loved painter, Sir Henry
Raeburn, comes to London. Selected from collections throughout the world, it is the first major exhibition of his work to be
held in over forty years.
Lecture Series
Scottish National Portrait (肖像画) Gallery presents a series of lectures for the general public. They are held in the
Lecture Room. Admission to lectures is free.
An Introduction to Raeburn Raeburn’s English Contemporaries
Sunday 26 Oct., 15.00 Thursday 30 Oct., 13.10
DUNCAN THOMSON JUDY EGERTON
Characters and Characterisation in Raeburn and Artist’s Training in the
Raeburn’s Portraits 18th Century
Thursday 6 Nov., 13.10 Thursday 13 Nov., 13.10
NICHOLAS PHILLIPSON MARTIN POSTLE
Exhibition Times
Monday— Saturday 10.00 — 17.45 Sunday 12.00 — 17.45
Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission.
Closed: 24 — 26 December and 1 January.
Admission
£4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
Schools and Colleges
A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including those at
first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.
23. How can full-time students get group discounts?
A. They should go on Sunday mornings. B. They should come from art schools.
C. They must be led by teachers. D. They must have ID cards with them.
【题干定位】关键词 discounts
【文章定位】A special low entrance charge of £2 per person is available to all in full-time education, up to and including
those at first degree level, in organised groups with teachers.(所有全日制教育的学生，高至并包括那些学士学位水平的
学生，在有教师的组织团体中，均可享受每人2英镑的特别低入场费。)
【文章中的关键词】 A special low entrance charge of organised groups with teachers
【同义句表达手段】discounts =A special low entrance charge of
【选项关键词】led by teachers
【同义句表达手段】led by teachers=organised groups with teachers
【正确选项】C【细节理解类型】间接信息题
2021年新高考II卷之C篇
A British woman who won a S1 million prize after she was named the World's Best Teacher will use the cash to bring
inspirational figures into UK schools.
Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring about a classroom revolution (变
革). “We are going to make a change, ”she said.“I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of the arts in our schools.”
The project results from the difficulties many schools have in getting artists of any sort - whether an up-and-coming
local musician or a major movie star - into schools to work with and inspire children.
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Zafirakou began the project at Alperton Community School her place of work for the past twelve years. “I've seen
those magic moments when children are talking to someone they are inspired by - their eyes are shining and their faces light
up,” she said. “We need artists . more than ever in our schools."
Artist Michael Craig-Martin said: “Andria's brilliant project to bring artists from all fields into direct contact with
children is particularly welcome at a time when the arts are being downgraded in schools." It was a mistake to see the arts as
unnecessary, he added.
Historian Sir Simon Schama is also a supporter of the project. He said that arts education in schools was not just an
add-on. “It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends on the young. What will remain
of us when artificial intelligence takes over will be our creativity, and it is our creative spirit, our visionary sense of
freshness, that has been our strength for centuries."
8. What will Zafirakou do with her prize money?
A. Make a movie. B. Build new schools.
C. Run a project. D. Help local musicians.
10. What should be stressed in school education according to Schama?
A. Moral principles. B. Interpersonal skills.
C. Creative abilities. D. Positive worldviews.
【答案】8. C 10. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了英国一名女子在被评为世界最佳教师后获得了100万英镑的奖金，她将用
这笔奖金发起一个项目，让艺术家进入学校。
8.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Andria Zafirakou,a north London secondary school teacher, said she wanted to bring
about a classroom revolution. “We are going to make a change,” she said. “I’ve started a project to promote the teaching of
the arts in our schools.”（伦敦北部中学教师安德里亚·扎菲拉库(Andria Zafirakou)表示，她想掀起一场课堂革命。
“我们将做出改变，”她说。“我已经启动了一个项目，以促进我们学校的艺术教学。”）”可知，Zafirakou打
算用自己的奖金运行一个项目。故选C。
10.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“It is absolutely necessary. The future depends on creativity and creativity depends
on the young.（这是绝对必要的。未来取决于创造力，而创造力取决于年轻人。）”可知，Schama认为学校教育应
该强调创造力。故选C。
基础过关
