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考点 3 阅读七选五
阅读七选五之利用位置关系解题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考查类别
项目
语篇类型 主题语境 段中 段尾
卷别 段首句
句 句
人与自然·介绍了在室内
种植植物的好处以及如
乙卷 说明文 0 3 2
何选择适宜室内种植的
植物
人与自我·介绍了成为一
甲卷 说明文 1 3 1
个有耐心的人的技巧
2023
2023年1月· 人与社会·如何使坐火车
说明文 1 4 0
浙江卷 旅行尽可能愉快的建议
人与社会·开始艺术之旅
新高考Ⅱ卷 说明文 1 3 1
的好建议
人与自我·自我原谅的一
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 0 4 1
些具体方法
新高考Ⅰ卷 说明文 人与社会·寻找锻炼伙伴 0 4 1
2022 甲卷 说明文 人与社会·外出用餐礼仪 1 3 1
乙卷 说明文 人与社会·如何维持友谊 3 1 1
人与社会·体验巴黎人的
新高考Ⅰ卷 记叙文 1 4 0
生活
人与社会·旧衣物交换活
2021 甲卷 说明文 1 4 0
动
人与自我·使自己变得有
乙卷 说明文 2 2 1
趣
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中阅读七选五的考查了12次。主要考查：
主旨概括句(文章整体内容)、衔接过渡句(文章结构)和上下文逻辑关系句(细节支撑)三类。其中，上下文逻辑关系
句是考查的重点。
【备考策略】系统归类阅读七选五的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
阅读七选五以说明文为主，其结构非常的鲜明，设空处前后提示信息很明显，考查考生理解语篇整体或者局
部的基本结构，以及上下文的逻辑关系和基本的同义改写能力。说明文阅读七选五将在2024年高考中出现。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】根据段首位置线索解题
1．主旨句：常以段落小标题或段落主题句的形式出现。
2．段落过渡句：空处的答案能够将上一段和下一段的内容连贯起来。
段首设空题解题指导：
①段落标题句：观察其他段落标题的表达形式；段落标题的特点：短小精悍，以祈使句或短语为主；阅读段落内
容提炼中心词，留言体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词。
②段落主题句：认真阅读下文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词，推断主题句。
③段落间的过渡句：瞻前顾后找线索，正确答案应连贯上一段结尾和下一段内容。
【典例1】（2023年新高考II卷）
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social media
and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic
ability.
A. Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
【答案】19. D
【解析】设空处位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial
to growth. I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and
respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. (寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上
发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重)”可知，
本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. (如果你感觉舒适的
话，分享你的作品)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D项。
【典例2】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.Although technology might make
day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of
friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
A．Remember important dates
B．Compensate by writing letters
C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【解析】本空是对段落小标题的考查。根据本段的 Anniversaries and birthdays ... special days.以及 keeps track
of friends' birthdays and other important dates 等关键信息可知，本段讲的是要记住重要的日子。故选A项。
【典例3】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of
weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make
you happy.French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a
handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we
had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率)．You can tell this by café life. French cafés
are always crowded. 40. Not all the customers are tourists.When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour
workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the
number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
【解析】 根据空处所在的位置可知，该空很可能是承上启下的过渡句。设空处的上一段介绍了法国人吃得
少的一个原因是他们的食物美味，根据空后内容可知，该段主要讲述的是法国人吃得少的另一个原因，即水果价
格昂贵。设空处应起到承上启下的过渡作用。分析选项可知，E项符合语境，且该项中的That指代上文论述的原
因。
1.【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Every day, a sea of decisions stretches before us. It’s impossible to make a perfect choice every time. But there is one
particularly effective technique to improve our chances: critical thinking.
Prepare your question.
____ 3 6____ For example, if you’re wondering whether to go for fitness, there are many factors that will cloud your
reasons. But, if you know clearly what you can get by body-shaping, that’ll help you decide whether it really suits your
needs.
A．Explore other points of view.
B．Apply the information collected.
C．In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.
D．Then what about the long-term environmental effects?
E．But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F．Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.
G．It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】36．C上文小标题“Prepare your question(准备你的问题)”可知是要准备问题。空处位于句首，结合下文“But, if
you know clearly what you can get by body-shaping, that’ll help you decide whether it really suits your needs.(但是，如果
你清楚地知道你可以通过塑身得到什么，这将有助于你决定它是否真的适合你的需要。)”可知，通过提出的问题来
确定塑身是否真的适合自身需求。C选项“In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.(换句话说，知道你所
追求的东西。)”与下文承接，用问题判断是否是自己想要的，故选C。
2.【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
____ 3 9____
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to countless travel trips or destinations. Even if you disagree with everything
that travel agencies say, exploring the viewpoints might explain why some routes that don’t seem valid to you appeal to
others. This will allow you to explore alternatives, evaluate your own choices, and ultimately help you make more informed
decisions.
A．Explore other points of view.
B．Apply the information collected.
C．In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.
D．Then what about the long-term environmental effects?
E．But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F．Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.
G．It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.
39．A该题是标题选择。结合下文“Even if you disagree with everything that travel agencies say, exploring the
viewpoints might explain why some routes that don’t seem valid to you appeal to others.(即使你不同意旅行社所说的一切，
探索这些观点也可能解释为什么一些对你来说似乎无效的路线会吸引其他人。)”可知，要去探索他人的观点。这与
选项A项“Explore other points of view (探索他人的观点)”相一致，故选A。
3.（2023·辽宁省沈阳市二中模拟试题）
___
It’s easy to give in when your children are losing their tempers. But each time you give them what they want, you teach
your children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way to get their needs met. If you want to raise mentally strong
kids, stick to your limits.
A．Giving in to misbehavior
B．Keeping to your principles
C．Teach them not to give up dreams easily
D．Kids tend to have a wide variety of emotions
E．Therefore, set limits on what you give your children
F．You may think it’s cute to spend more money on your children
G．They are also more likely to struggle with self- confidence issues
【答案】A
【解析】根据下文“It’s easy to give in when your children are losing their tempers. But each time you give them what
they want, you teach your children that their unacceptable acts are an effective way to get their needs met. If you want to
raise mentally strong kids, stick to your limits. (当你的孩子发脾气时，你很容易屈服。但每次你给他们想要的东西，
你都会教育你的孩子，他们不可接受的行为是满足他们需求的有效途径。如果你想培养心智健全的孩子，就要坚
持自己的极限)”可知，这里指出父母向孩子的要求屈服的不当做法。选项A“向不当行为屈服”和下文意思一致。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】故选A。
二、段中设空题
段中设空题通常考查过渡句和细节句。段中句若位于主题句后，很可能是说明原因、举例证明、分述细化主
题、解释前面句中的某个概念等；位于段落中间可能起衔接作用。要重点阅读空前一句和空后一句，找出它们之
间的逻辑关系，或者根据意义的连贯性得出答案。解题时要特别注意体现时间、原因、方式、转折等逻辑关系的
语篇标志词(关联词)。
段中设空题：
①细节句：设空位于段中，首先阅读选项并画出关键词；然后重点阅读设空处的前一句和后一句，画出关键
词，找出它们之间的逻辑关系或根据意义的连贯性得出答案；阅读各个选项，标记关键词；比较匹配关键词，确
定答案；利用词汇复现找到答案；利用表并列、转折、递进和因果的关系的关联词找到答案。
②过渡句：阅读空处前后内容，挖掘内在的逻辑关系；阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、递进或因果关
系的关联词；注意词汇复现：同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词复现，不同时态形式的动词等。
【典例1】（2023年新高考I卷）You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That
way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine
through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】19. C
【解析】根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of
your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个
性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项 C “They
might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空
前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内
容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake
to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是
一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【典例2】 (2022·全国甲卷·节选)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules.36.Don't get caught making an
embarrassing mistake at a restaurant. Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or
family — no matter where you are in the world.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】In India and the Middle East, it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat
with a utensil in each hand. 38 ， instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile, you may never touch any food with
your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
【解析】空前和空后分明讲了印度、中东、法国、智利以及泰国的风俗，空处也应是某个国家的风俗，故 C
项符合语境，且C项与空后内容形成对比。
（2023·吉林省长春吉大附中实验学校模拟试题）
Don’t watch or read scary content before bed.
Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your dreams. 164
Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise to upsetting dreams than looking through
pictures from your last vacation with your family.
A．Use a white noise machine.
B．Practice stress-relieving activities.
C．A healthy sleep routine begets sound sleep.
D．Instead, try herbal teas and other drinks aiding sleep.
E．How can we reduce nightmares and improve our sleep?
F．During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.
G．Dreams and rapid eye movement sleep is essential for memory improvement.
【答案】F
【解析】根据上文提示“Images-from any exciting or disturbing content you watch before bed can appear in your
dreams.”（睡前观看的任何令人兴奋或不安的内容都会出现在你的梦中。）可知，睡觉前看那些好的或不好的消息
都会出现在你的梦中，再根据下文提示“Reading the news media and then hopping into bed is more likely to give rise
to upsetting dreams than looking through pictures from your last vacation with your family.”（阅读新闻媒体，然后跳到
床上，比浏览上次和家人度假的照片更容易引发令人不安的梦。）可知，阅读这些新闻使你不安，这说明阅读的
新闻是不好的消息，由此可知，F项“During the pandemic, even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary, too.”（在
大流行病期间，甚至我们的日常生活看起来也相当可怕。）符合，引起下文，新闻媒体播放的那些消息正是疫情
期间那些人们可怕的生活，即下文“the news media”内容指的是“even our everyday lives are looking pretty scary”。
故选F。
三、段尾设空题
1．细节句：①与上文是转折或对比关系；②与上文是并列或递进关系。
2．总结句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语，如 therefore、 as a result、 thus、 to sum up、 to
conclude、 in a word等。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】3．段落过渡句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
段尾设空的题多为总结本段内容，偶有起承上启下的作用。即要么是结论句，要么就是承上启下句。
题型和考查角度：
①结论句：用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
②承上启下句：此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
③细节句：空前一句或两句是重点语句，应该重点阅读；锁定空前重点语句中的高频词汇和体现逻辑关系的
关联词；寻找选项中是否有表逻辑关系的关联词；寻找选项中是否有与上文相同或相似的句式结构。
④过渡句：瞻前顾后找线索；阅读上一段的结尾，结合下一段的开头，留意衔接词和关键词；注意所选答案
是否衔接上下段内容；阅读空前段落内容，抓住主旨，总结空前的内容，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确答案。
【典例1】 (2021·1月浙江高考·节选)
You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water.You get what you need, head to the front, and choose the
line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong.People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to the parking
lot. 31
It turns out, it's just math working against you；chances are, the other line really is faster.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of them may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.
D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E．How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F．With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G．But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
【解析】本题考查段尾过渡句。上文描述了你排队结账时，发现自己排的队伍总是比别的队伍慢这一现象，
下文的 It turns out 和 chances are, the other line really is faster点明了结论，所以空处应为对该现象提出的疑问。结
合选项来看，只有A项的内容与结论的内容相匹配，起到了上下文衔接的过渡作用。
【典例2】 (2020·全国Ⅰ卷·节选)
·Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before
weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job，earned your degree，and you got out of bed
today. 39
A．Feeling upset again?
B．Where do you start?
C．Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D．Remember, you are only human.
E．Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F．Stop comparing yourself with others.
G．When does the comparison game start?
【解析】本题考查段尾总结句。根据本段首句可知，本段的主题是“认识到你所有的优点”，段中列举了一
些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾应是对这些成绩做出总结：没有什么事情因太小而不值得庆
祝。故选C项。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
