文档内容
考点 14 阅读理解
推理判断之描述人物或事物特征（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
推理判断之描述人物、事件特征
题型
试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
2023 [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 26.Which of the following best describes the impact 描述事件
of the programme?
卷]B
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the 描述事件
beginning of the text?
卷]D
[2023·全国乙卷]C 28.What do people usually think of British food? 描述事件
[2023·全国乙卷]C 29.Which best describes cookery programmes on 描述事件
British TV?
2022 2022·新高考全国II What does the author think of himself? 描述人物
2020 2020 年，天津卷， How did President Lincoln first respond to Vinnie’s 描述人物
第二次高考 request?
2020 年，新高考全 Which of the following best describes Mr Bissell's 描述事件
国Ⅰ卷 road trip in Uzbekistan?
2020 年 1 月，浙江 2020年1月，浙江卷 描述人物
卷
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中描述人物或事物的考点考查了5次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或部分内容及事实来推断作者对人物和事物特征的描述。描述人物或事物特征的方法：1.根据文
章尤其是记叙文对人物或事件的描述来推断人物的特征，推断人物特征时，要注意当遇到两个并列词的时候，这
两个词都必须符合人物或事件的特征；2.描述事物特征，可以通过作者在文章中流露出的思想感情来判断。
【备考策略】系统归类描述人物或事物特征的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中的描述人物或事物特征，考查考生归纳总结能力、培养有情感、有情怀的人。因此，推断描
述人物或事物特征题还将在2024年高考中出现。
【2024年高考命题预测】
描述人物、事件特征考点是高考中的常考点。一篇记叙文中总说有一些人物出现，描述人物的性质特征以及
人物对事件的看法是命题者常出话题。预测在2024高考中，描述人物、事件特征题可能会继续在高考阅读理解中
呈现。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【推理判断之描述人物、事件特征考点指南】
描述人物、事件特征考点常考问题：
1．Which of the following best describes......?
2．According to the text, which words can best describe ......?
3.Which of the following best describe ...... according to Paragraph ...?
4.How would the author feel about the outcome of the event?
5.What did the author think of ......?
【高考命题思路和方法】
高考阅读理解中常有描述人物或事物特点的阅读理解题。命题人通过文章中对人物的事迹、语言、心理等进行描
述，进而让考生推测人物或事物的性格特征。
【备考实战方法】
把描述人物的性格特征的词一一列出，基本上考题不会超出这些词汇，考前把它们的意思记熟。预测每个词需要
和什么样的事迹相对应，这样在考场上就能迅速地找到答案。对这种题要迅速解决，以给其他试题提供做题时间。
【描写人物事物特征的形容词】
generous慷慨的；brave勇敢的；demanding要求高的; 苛求的; 需要高技能(或耐性等)的; 费力的; 要求极严的; 难
满足的；impatient不耐烦的； outgoing外向的；easy-going随和的；organized有条理的；modest谦虚的；
optimistic乐观的；cautious小心，谨慎的；caring乐于助人的; 关心他人的; 体贴人的； skillful熟练的; 灵巧的;
擅长于 (at; in); 制作精巧的；responsible负责任的； determined有决心的；modest谦虚的；creative有创造力的；
ambitious有雄心的；adventurous冒险的；cooperative 有合作意识的；honest诚实的；capable adj. 有能力的,有才
能的；confident adj.自信的；diligent adj.勤奋的；voluntary adj.自愿的,主动的；energetic adj. 精力旺盛的；
humorous adj.幽默的；enthusiastic adj.热情的；experienced adj.有经验的；intelligent聪明的; 智能的; 有才智的;
悟性强的; 有智力的; 有理解和学习能力的；grateful感激的；helpful有帮助的；talkative健谈的；athletic运动型;
体育运动的; 健壮的；patient有耐心的；innovative创新的；tolerant忍受的；positive 积极的；committed坚信的;
尽心尽力的; 坚定的；considerate 体贴的；ashamed惭愧的; regretful后悔的；disappointed失望的；amazed吃惊的；
satisfied满意的；disappointed失望的；shocked震惊的；overjoyed过度高兴的；pleased满意的；indifferent冷漠的；
sorrowful悲伤的；sympathetic同情的；hardworking勤劳的；embarrassed尴尬的；proud自豪的；energetic充满活
力的；courageous勇敢的; 无畏的；independent独立的；sensitive敏感的。
【典例1】[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at
first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden programme at four low-
income schools. The programme aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy
lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighbourhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food
restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft
drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are
initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing,
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook
the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Programme evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes.“We have students who say they
went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the programme’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they
bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on
Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and
they feel successful.”
( )26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the programme?
A.Far-reaching.
B.Predictable.
C.Short-lived.
D.Unidentifiable.
【典例2】[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re
lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in
urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a
written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these
submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and
listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the
coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include
encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities
that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might be
satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more
domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for
that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
( )32.What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A.Pocket parks are now popular.
B.Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C.Many cities are overpopulated.
D.People enjoy living close to nature.
【典例3】[2023·全国乙卷]
C
What comes into your mind when you think of British food? Probably fish and chips, or a Sunday dinner of meat and
two vegetables. But is British food really so uninteresting? Even though Britain has a reputation for less-than-impressive
cuisine, it is producing more top class chefs who appear frequently on our television screens and whose recipe books
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】frequently top the best seller lists.
It’s thanks to these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britons are turning away from meat-and-two-
veg and ready-made meals and becoming more adventurous in their cooking habits. It is recently reported that the number
of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain’s consumers would like to change or
improve their cooking in some way. There has been a rise in the number of students applying for food courses at UK
universities and colleges. It seems that TV programmes have helped change what people think about cooking.
According to a new study from market analysts, 1 in 5 Britons say that watching cookery programmes on TV has
encouraged them to try different food. Almost one third say they now use a wider variety of ingredients(配料) than they
used to, and just under 1 in 4 say they now buy better quality ingredients than before. One in four adults say that TV chefs
have made them much more confident about expanding their cookery knowledge and skills, and young people are also
getting more interested in cooking. The UK’s obsession(痴迷) with food is reflected through television scheduling. Cookery
shows and documentaries about food are broadcast more often than before. With an increasing number of male chefs on TV,
its no longer “uncool” for boys to like cooking.
( )28.What do people usually think of British food?
A.It is simple and plain.
B.It is rich in nutrition.
C.It lacks authentic tastes.
D.It deserves a high reputation.
( )29.Which best describes cookery programmes on British TV?
A.Authoritative.
B.Creative.
C.Profitable.
D.Influential.
【典例4】【新疆昌吉学联体第三次高考适应性联考】
On January 9, 2022, it was another cold morning. Temperatures reached lows of 17. 6 °F (-8℃). Dusti Talavera, a
housewife in the south suburbs of Denver, was washing dishes in her kitchen when she witnessed a frightening scene
outside her kitchen window. Glancing out her kitchen window, she noticed a group of young children playing on an icy
pond. Moments later, the children fell through the ice.
Dusti’s heart raced as she saw the children fall through the ice, and she immediately grabbed her shoes to run outside.
Submerged（淹没）in the freezing water, the children had lost the strength to stay above the surface. Their fingers were
only visible as they desperately tried to grab onto the edges of the ice.
Without hesitation, Dusti placed her own life at risk by stepping on the thin, unstable ice to try to reach the three
children. As she reached her hands out to grab them, she also broke the ice and fell into the 15-foot deep pond.
Dusti was first able to reach and pull out the 4-year-old girl and 11-year-old boy. She struggled to reach the last child, a
6-year-old girl. After hearing the loud screams for help, the young girl’s 16-year-old cousin suddenly arrived on scene. He
threw Dusti a rope, which she used to drag herself and the young girl out of the water.
All three children were pulled out of the icy water as first responders arrived on scene. The 6-year-old girl was not
breathing and had no pulse after being submerged in the icy water for two minutes. First responders performed life-saving
CPR. Once the girl was able to breathe on her own, the EMTs (emergency medical technicians) rushed her to the hospital.
5．Which of the following best describes Dusti?
A．Generous. B．Brave.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】C．Demanding. D．Impatient.
【典例5】【吉林省长春市普通高中高三质量监测（三）】
Christmas 2020 was shaping up to be a heartbreaker for Melanie Lee. A few weeks earlier, her 33-year-old son had lost
his battle with a long illness. Then the transmission (变速器) on her 2007 Chevrolet Tahoe failed to work. She had no
means of paying for it to be fixed.
“When it broke down, I broke down,” Lee told CNN. “Now I don’t have my baby, and I don’t have transportation.
How am I supposed to stay active in my grandchildren’s lives?”
Eliot Middleton, 38, who is the owner of a barbecue restaurant and former auto mechanic, in his free time, repairs and
gives away used cars. He’d heard about Lee’s difficult situation from her nephew Frank McClary, the mayor of Andrews,
South Carolina. On Christmas morning, Middleton showed up unannounced at Lee’s home with a gift: a white 1993
Oldsmobile.
“I had no idea what was going on,” said Lee. “He handed me the keys and didn’t ask for anything.” Once again, she’s
able to pick up her granddaughters from school and take them to dance class. “I got my freedom back.”
The idea for the used-car giveaway came to Middleton a year earlier during a food drive he’d organized. Many of those
who’d lined up for a meal walked up to four miles to get there because they didn’t have cars. “Cars are a lifeline in this part
of South Carolina,” Middleton told CBS. “There’s no public transportation, no Ubers, no taxis to take people to job
interviews, doctor appointments, even food shopping.” So he posted on Facebook an offer to trade his restaurant’s specialty,
barbecued ribs, for broken-down vehicles. Since then, friends and strangers have dropped off more than 100 cars in various
states of disrepair. Many sit in Middleton’s yard waiting to be patched up and donated, usually to those he’s heard about
through word of mouth. It’s a list of names that grows daily.
“People think Eliot is an angel,” Mayor McClary told the Washington Post. “And I do too.”
27．According to the text, which words can best describe Middleton?
A．Outgoing and organized. B．Modest and optimistic.
C．Generous and cautious. D．Caring and skillful.
【典例6】【安徽省合肥市高三第二次教学质量检测】
During school life, Muhammad Tariq Khan developed an interest in playing badminton. Unfortunately, the school did
not have a coach, so he had to self-learn the sport. His dedication helped him become an under 12 Pakistan Champion at the
age of 10.
Coming from a working-class family, Khan had to work in a factory to earn money for his family. But driven by his
passion, Khan found out ways to watch other players play matches on the badminton court and he learned various
techniques used by experienced players. Meanwhile, Khan practiced badminton by hitting the shuttlecock (羽毛球) against
the walls of his home. Seeing his passion for the sport, his family bought him a net, a few wooden rackets, and a pack of
shuttles to practice at home. Later, Khan often practiced in an open court. To maintain strength, he went on daily morning
sprints (短跑) by the riverside to be fit.
His intense practice sessions had made him so skilled that he courageously attacked and played against the top-ranked
players. Soon he became a known player. Although he had a supportive family, he could not take up badminton as a full-
time career. In order to help his father with finances and shoulder responsibility for his brothers and sisters, he had to switch
his focus to build a long-lasting and stable career to sustain his family. After completing his degree in Bachelor of
Commerce from Sindh University in 1964, he joined the Pakistan International Airlines in 1967. As an adult, he
acknowledged the importance of his duties and performed them with great enthusiasm. Despite his daily office routine,
Khan did not leave his passion for sports and played regularly.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】The journey of Khan’s achieving his goals is indeed challenging. His family had spent their initial days in a refugee (难
民) camp. Khan ever walked long distances from college to his house to avoid using public transport to save cash to buy
shuttlecocks.
Today he has been recognized by many reputable Pakistani platforms for his contribution to badminton. His personality
is inspirational for many young individuals, who can learn from him the art of balancing life pressures and sticking to a
passion!
7．Which of the following can best describe Khan?
A．Responsible and determined. B．Modest and creative.
C．Ambitious and adventurous. D．Cooperative and honest.
【典例7】【辽宁省辽东南普通高中协作校第一次模拟】
I became aware of my stutter (结巴) when I was around 9, in the fourth grade. I began to see how other people viewed
me. When the teacher asked the whole class questions, I never raised my hand though I knew the answer, because I knew I
would stutter. Some kids would tell me that I talked funny, ask why I didn't talk normally, or laugh at me. As soon as that
started to happen, I became more introverted (内向的).
It wasn't until the summer of 2015, before freshman year at high school. All my friends and my parents encouraged me
to join the high school football team. I owed much to them, especially Coach Lane who taught me how to play football. He
took the time-and had the patience-to actually teach me what to do, how to do it and how to understand the concepts of play.
In junior year, I started my first game for the high school team. I had a very good season and in January 2018, I signed
the University of North Carolina. The older we get, the more of an understanding we have about the world and other people.
So the first time my teammates in college heard me talk and heard that I stuttered, they did not say a thing. That was a big
deal to me because I was so used to people making comments. My teammates actually tell me to slow down because talking
faster causes me to stutter more. It's really helped me develop confidence.
Whenever I go back home to Georgia, I volunteer with children at my church, including those who have learning
disabilities. I like to do that to inspire them with confidence. I had confidence issues when I was a kid because of my stutter,
so I just don't want them to have to go through what I did. In the future, I would like to start a foundation to give back to
people who stutter and create a program where kids all across the world who have a stutter can have a safe space.
30．Which of the following best describes the author?
A．Grateful and caring. B．Helpful and talkative.
C．Athletic and generous. D．Confident and patient.
【典例8】【山东省潍坊市高三下学期3月高中学科核心素养测评】
Seminole was far too accustomed to the business. Everyone sympathized with him depending on long hours, minimum
wage, and ill-mannered customers. Although struggling to pay his rent, he still went all out to make those lucky enough to
sit at his tables laugh. The day was going quick.
He was exhausted when he arrived to work the next day, but he went about his daily duties, putting on a brave face as
customers complained about the food or questioned the bill. Usually as he prepared to close for the night, a couple of
customers would sit down and order drinks. Most of the crew had left by closing time, but Seminole stayed to serve.
Eventually, the last round was ordered and he gave them the bill. The minimum tip was suggested on the receipt.
“Tomorrow will be better,” murmured he.
But luck wasn’t on his side. Evening approaching, a group of teenagers stepped in. Thankfully, they were polite and
respectful. Their cheerful behavior began to rub off on him. As always, he did his best to make their dining experience a
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】pleasant one.
Once they finished their dishes, he placed the bill on the table, accompanied with some candies. They placed their
notes on the receipt and left smiling. When he returned to clear the table, he was shocked. The teenagers only left a tip of
$3, but their total bill was more than $100. He’d gone above and beyond serving the tasty dishes. How could they be so
rude?
Later that week, he struggled to let go of the awkward memories. He arrived at work and expected it to be like any
other, but there was something left behind the desk for him — a two-page handwritten letter from the teenagers with $18
attached, in which they explained they were unaware of the tipping practice due to it being their first time out alone.
Everything suddenly made sense.
Seminole was so touched by their gesture that he uploaded a picture of the letter sharing their admirable efforts. Web
visitors voiced their opinions, and the reaction was more than positive.
6．Which of the following best describes Seminole?
A．Patient and innovative. B．Generous and tolerant.
C．Positive and committed. D．Considerate and ambitious.
1.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Coming of age is that time in each of our lives when we begin to see the possibilities. The world opens up in ways that
matures our vision, gives us a sense of responsibility and gratitude. Connor Thomson had just started college and loved
being at that phase in his life where he could eat all the pizza he wanted, yet engage in adult conversations with his parents
about the responsibility to make life better for others. Connor’s optimism was striking. There was so much he could do, so
much he could become. But it all ended one night when Connor was distracted(分心的) while driving in a Colorado
canyon.
Connor’s father, David, took it particularly hard. A father sees more than his own traits in his son; he sees greater
possibilities than he achieved. Taking that hope away left David feeling aimless. But Connor’s optimism was one of those
traits passed on to him by his father. So David got to work. First, he established the Honor Connor Scholarship Fund to
reward students who served in the community. Next, he went to work creating a research-based curriculum that educates
University of Colorado Boulder students and their families about the dangers of texting and driving.
David now works with lecturers at various colleges and high schools, ensuring young minds understand how statically
at risk they are when they text and drive. He’s become a passionate advocate for preparing young people to drive safely and
not subconsciously reach for their phones while they’re at the wheel. It includes a very simple three-part commitment: to
not text or use social media while driving, speak out if riding with a driver who is distracted and encourage friends and
family to drive phone-free.
While every constructive effort reminds David of the loss he suffered, he is encouraged knowing that more young
people with so much to of r the word will be around to do good. “I get to be a part of what Connor would have done,” says
David.
5．Which of the following can best describe David?
A．Optimistic and helpful. B．Self-centered but determined.
C．Thoughtful and daring. D．Cool-minded but reasonable.
2.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
An English mother, Liz Pinfield-Wells, has recycled more than 2,600 pounds (1,200 kg) of trash (垃圾) through a DIY
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
