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【一轮复习讲义】2024年高考英语高频考点题型归纳与方法总结（新高考通用）
第 15 讲 阅读理解推理判断题（精讲）
题型目录一览
推断隐含意义
推断作者写作意图
推断作者态度或者语气
推断文章出处
一、知识点梳理
推理判断属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，
通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示，作出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层
含义及隐含意义。高考对于推理判断的考查要求考生根据文章所提供的事实及自己的一些
常识进行合理的推断，判断作者的意图、人物的动机及性格特征和事件发生的前因后果等
解答该类型题目时要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面含义与隐含意义、已知信息与
未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外音”。
技巧点拨
1. 推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语，根据
题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情
理的推断。
2. 推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的
词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。
3. 推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。
4. 推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题
应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。
题型一推断隐含意义
【典例1】
例1(2022·全国甲卷)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo
penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello.These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-
started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel.Throughout hercareer(职业)as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further.
When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to
take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the
world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she
discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off
Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to
go,” she says.“I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do
it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the
journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience
was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says.“I remember
the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature
and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making
underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest
things that hit home to Ginni.
30.What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A.It could be a home for her.
B.It should be easily accessible.
C.It should be well preserved.
D.It needs to be fully introduced.
【典例2】
(2022·全国甲卷)
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia.The city
discovered its harbor.Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort
of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor that
makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living.I
spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor.After our third run Andrew
shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
“I'll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they're replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster, but they're not so elegant,
and they're not fun to pilot.But that's progress,I guess.”
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords(口号), and
traditions are increasingly rare.Shirley Fitzgerald, the city's official historian, told me that in its
rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finestbuildings.“Sydney is confused about itself,” she said.“We can't seem to make up our minds
whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.It's a conflict that we aren't getting any better
at resolving(解决).”
On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions.I considered this
when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony.“Many people say that we lack
culture in this country,” he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians, when they came to
Australia, brought 2000 years of their culture, the Greeks some 3000 years, and the Chinese more
still.We've got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young
country.It's a pretty hard combination to beat.”
He is right, but I can't help wishing they would keep those old ferries.
33.What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A.He goes to work by boat.
B.He looks forward to a new life.
C.He pilots catamarans well.
D.He is attached to the old ferries.
题型二推断作者写作意图
【典例1】
(2022·全国乙卷)
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff
and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-
room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for
them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string
was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected
Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor
and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they
realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare
baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings,
Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the
cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which
of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the
building of the railroads,which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding
snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of thepeople move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse,
looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all
around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes,
mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
26.Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising?
A.The extreme climate of Auburn.
B.The living conditions in Elkhead.
C.The railroad building in the Rockies.
D.The natural beauty of the West.
【典例2】
(2021·新高考卷I ) We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that
can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are
feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it
to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral
person.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
A. To explain a role. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
题型三推断作者态度或观点
【典例1】
(2021·新高考卷 I ) Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of
what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more
beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed
emphasis on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-
being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-
evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
28. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
31. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
【典例2】
(2020·全国卷Ⅰ) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while
most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the
ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the
sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or
experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?A. Skeptical. B. Objective. C. Tolerant. D. Conservative.
题型四推断文章出处
【典例1】
(2022·新高考卷I)
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay
1 =10%; Essay 2=15%; Essay 3=15%; Essay 4=20%
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the
assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and
course management system.
1. Where is this text probably taken from?
A. A textbook. B. An exam paper. C. A course plan. D. An academic
article.
【典例2】
(2021·全国甲卷) Take a view, the Landscape Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of
Charlie Waite, one of today’s most respected landscape photographers. Each year, the high
standard of entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best
photography of the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual competition for
photographers from all corners of the UK and beyond.
A. Where can the text be found?
A. In a history book. B. In a novel. C. In an art magazine. D. In a biography.
【题型训练】
1.Plastic fishing nets, the so-called ghost nets, abandoned yearly in the sea—about 1 million tons
—are more than just rubbish; they’re a killer. Fish, sea birds, and turtles get caught in the netting
and die, with more species at risk.
Much shocked at this, Pranveer Singh Rathore, a materials-science engineer and materials
R&D manager at Samsung, and his team set themselves the task of giving new life to the deadly
nets. Last month, Samsung revealed a new line of Galaxy products made in part from recycled
plastic fishing nets for the first time. The company estimates this year alone it can recycle over 50
tons of ocean-bound plastic into the key components that will go into its smartphones, tablets, and
computers, thus taking a bite out of the global ghost nets problem.
It’s no small task to give waste fishing nets a second act. The nets are typically made of asubstance called nylon which tends to dramatically degrade (降解) the longer it sits in the ocean
and is exposed to the sun. “This makes it nearly impossible to use abandoned fishing nets
directly,” Rathore explains. Besides, high-performance smartphone, tablet, or PC has to be
waterproof and can survive severe weather. The nylon in the fishing nets falls far short of that
level of durability.
To deal with that problem, Samsung last summer teamed up with two partners: one to collect
and transform the nets into tiny nylon pellets (颗粒) while the other to strengthen their toughness
and durability. The end result: The partners hit upon an eco-friendly and high-performance plastic
material that’s being used to build the component parts for its latest line of products. For example,
two parts of the Galaxy S22 mobile phone—the key bracket and the inner cover—are made of
these fishing-net plastic materials. Samsung aims to use even more upcycled materials in future
product lines.
“That’s the hope for the globe and our mission,” Rathore smiles.
2. What can we learn about Rathore’s work?
1. It makes plastic easier to break down.
B. It marks the shift of Samsung’s mission.
C. It protects the planet from choking on plastic.
D. It raises public awareness of ocean exploration.
2. When Jerry’s grandchildren turned 13, his present to each of them was four jars: one for
Spending, one for Saving, one for Giving, and another for Investing. It was from then on that his
grandchildren started to be in control of what to do with the money they receive.
The value taught with the Spending jar is that you are responsible for your own happiness.
Money gives you independence and the opportunity to buy something you like.
The wider aim of the jars is to encourage teenagers to think more objectively about money
and the things that it can do, so that they can grow up understanding the value of the valuable. In
this way, they will be better equipped in their adult lives to make informed choices about how they
use the money they have. Indeed, the small change inside their jars could mean a big change in
how they manage their money.
5.What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A.To give suggestions. B. To draw a conclusion.
C. To make a comparison. D. To present an example.
3. California plans to treat 35, 000 acres of forest a year by 2020, and 60,000 by 2030—
financed from the proceeds of the state’s emissions-permit auctions (拍卖). That’s only a small
share of the total land area that could benefit, about half a million acres in all, so it will be vital to
prioritize areas at greatest risk of fire or drought.
State governments are well accustomed to managing forests, but traditionally they’ve focused
on wildlife, watersheds (分水岭) and opportunities for recreation. Only recently have they come
to see the vital part forests will have to play in storing carbon. California’s plan, which is expectedto be finalized by the governor next year, should serve as a model.
6.According to the author, California’s Plan is ________.
A. impractical B. worthless C. promising D. appealing
4.When the phone finally stopped ringing and the house lay still with grief, I filled my home
with the sweet smell of peach pie to mask the scent of worry that still lingered (继续存留).
The weekend after Dad’s diagnosis, Mom had sent the same text to each concerned relative
and friend: Jay was diagnosed with Pick’s disease. We are going back to the doctor for more
information. Then Mom put down the phone, rubbed her forehead, and suggested that we go for a
drive. On the interstate, we passed a board with clear red letters: “Fredericksburg peaches, the best
fruit you can find in Central Texas.” Mom went to negotiate with the stand owner.
Now in our kitchen, the sweet smell of peach juice drifted into the living room and pulled
Dad away from the football game on TV.
“Oh! You got peaches?” He eyed the fruit with childish glee (欢快).
“Here,” I handed him a knife. “We’re making peach pie.”
I showed him how to peel the skin off. As I made pie dough, he asked questions: How long
does it take to bake? Are you adding sugar? How many peaches? What should I do with the seeds?
Showing him how to slice and measure and mix in a calm, firm voice, I suddenly felt grown up.
The summer had reversed our roles; now, I was the adult. I stayed home all summer and
cooked his dinner, washed his T-shirts and helped him make phone calls. I stayed up late thinking
about him and monitored him like an anxious caretaker.
The same day, before the afternoon drive and peach pie, I had held my tears as I read the
diagnosis for Pick’s disease: four to ten years, depending on how fast the damaged proteins
overpower Dad’s brain. I decided then that I would be grateful for just four more years with Dad,
enough for him to see me become an adult for real.
7. What can we learn about the family from the passage?
A. It takes years for Dad to recover. B. The author enjoys the time with Dad.
C. Dad shows little interest in football games. D. The author gets annoyed by Dad’s
questions.
8. Which of the following best describes this summer for the author?
A. Tough and confusing. B. Boring but rewarding.
C. Annoying and struggling. D. Painstaking but meaningful.
5.A new version of a student loan forgiveness application will be officially launched by the
Education Department later this month. It is to cancel up to $10,000 in debt for those earning less
than $125,000 per year and up to $20,000 for those who received Pell Grants. It will not forgive
any student loan debt under the debt relief plan prior to October 23, 2022.
How long the application will be up: The department is offering periodic access to the form
—so borrowers may have to refresh the site page or keep checking back. The application will be
available through Dec. 31, 2023What the application asks for: It requires only basic information, including name, birth
date, Social Security number, phone number and an e-mail address. Borrowers will not need
what’s known as an FSA ID to log into the application, nor will they need to upload any
documents, including tax records.
Will borrowers need to prove they meet the plan’s income requirements? Instead of
providing documents that confirm you, as an individual, earned $125,000 in 2020 or 2021 or, as a
couple, less than $250, 000, the application simply asks borrowers to check a box to guarantee
under the laws that all information provided on this form is true and correct.
How long will it take to process each application? A matter of weeks. The department
wants to relieve as many debts as possible before student loan payments restart in January.
9. What is the text?
A. An advertisement. B. A loan handbook. C. An official report. D. A
department work plan.
6.Cory, aged 30, was diagnosed with spinal muscular atrophy （脊髓性肌萎缩症）at a
very young age. Because of his condition, he began using a wheelchair at age 4. His mother,
Sandy Gilbreath, raised him as a single parent. Although taking care of a child with a disability
was challenging, she ensured that Cory didn't miss out on the fun things in life. Sandy took him on
road trips during summer breaks throughout his childhood. The exciting experiences of exploring
new places inspired him to set a lifelong goal of visiting all seven continents.
Fortunately, Cory was able to do that just before the COVID-19 started. He and his mother
traveled to Antarctica in February, just before the borders closed. It was the seventh and final
continent off his list. He became the first-ever wheelchair user to visit all the seven continents!
According to Cory, traveling in a wheelchair requires a wide range of planning and research.
He starts his research six to twelve months before each trip, making sure that there are accessible
transportation options in the location. He would also call up hotels or rental homes to confirm if
they are truly as accessible as they claim to be.
When Cory started going on adventures, there weren't many online resources discussing
accessible travel. To help other travelers with disabilities explore the world as he does, he decided
to share his knowledge in his blog. Aiming to promote representation of the wheelchair-using
community, Cory and his mother wrote a children's book, titled Let's Explore with Cor Cor,
which is about a boy who travels around the world in his powered wheelchair.
Traveling to all seven continents wasn't something I was sure was going to be possible," he
said. "But if you stay determined and keep a positive attitude, the opportunities are limitless."
12. What worries Cory most about a trip?
A. Rental fees.
B. Local attractions.
C. Accommodation.
D. Transportation.13. What can we learn from Cory's story?
A. Nothing can prevent a determined heart.
B. Disability can turn into an opportunity,
C. Travelling shapes a positive attitude.
D. Mom is the creator of children's dreams.
7.
Amazing Festivals
Yi Peng Lantern Festival, Thailand
This wonderful unique Festival is celebrated in Chiang Mai, in November, every year. It is
held on the full moon of the twelfth lunar month every year. Locals believe that this is the time
when the moon is at its brightest and the rivers are filled to their fullest, so this is the best time to
light a lantern or set a floating “kratong” off on the Ping River and make a wish.
Holi Festival, India
Holi is a Hindu festival, which marks the beginning of spring. The holiday symbolizes the
victory of good over evil, end of winter and it is celebrated as a thanksgiving for a good harvest.
,
Day of the Dead Mexico
The origins of the Day of the Dead go back in time some 3000 years. Upon dying, a person
was believed to travel to the Land of the Dead. The belief is that spirits return to the world of the
living, for one day. The spirits are greeted with offerings of their favorite food and drinks.
Carnival of Venice, Italy
The origins of the Venice Carnival are found in two different ancient traditions: the Latin
Saturnalia and the Greek Dionysian cults-major religious festivals involving the use of masks and
symbolic representations. They are made of leather, porcelain or using the original glass
technique. The Carnival ends with an important Christian event, the start of Lent, 40days before
Easter.
14. In which section of the Internet can we find this text?
A. Culture. B. Economy. C. Well-being. D.
Advertisement.
8.Along the coastline in northeastern Australia, many flying foxes are infected with a deadly
disease. That’s where Pam Tully comes in.
Many mother flying foxes fall from the trees and die. Pam walks miles in the rainforest,
collecting babies still clinging (依偎) to their dying mothers. It’s very tiring work. Pam relies on a
few volunteers to help rescue the flying foxes during the migration season. Usually, they are
college students who come Down Under for a semester of life in the rainforest. Canace came from
America to lend a hand to her aunt Pam, and to look for some kind of purpose in life after her
mother passed away.
Losing your mother is never easy, but for a teenage girl, the loss at a time of emotional need
and guidance is particularly affecting. Going off to live in wilderness half a world away seemed agood thing to do. Pam accepted her with open arms and invited Canace to stay as long as she
wanted. After all, she did need the help. So Pam taught Canace to feed the baby flying foxes, keep
them wrapped in nappies, nurse them back to health and take them back into the wilderness to
rejoin their families.
Day after day, Pam led Canace through the rainforest, collecting babies and bringing them
back to the shed where they were treated by an animal doctor, fed every two hours by bottle and
even taught to fly. Each flying fox released back into the wild was a victory. And each time one
winged away, the loss Canace felt seemed just a little bit less.
We never really get over the loss of a love done, but when we take care of a weak creature, or
reach out to somebody else who is hurting, the wound heals just a little bit, and the hurt becomes a
memory of being loved.
15. What do we know about Canace?
A. She was expert at studying wildlife.
B. She needed a new environment.
C. Her major was related to tourism.
D. She had rich experience in the wild.
16. Which can best describe Pam and Canace’s job in the forest?
A. Significant and rewarding. B. Colorful and amusing.
C. Boring and disappointing. D. Dangerous and challenging.
9.Magic is a form of entertainment that is based on pretending to do things that are
impossible. The magician is a specially trained actor. He tries to make the audience believe that he
has the power to do things which are against the laws of nature.
Magic shows are entertaining as long as the audience does not discover how the tricks are
done. The magician usually depends on his skill with his hands, on his knowledge of psychology,
and, sometimes, on mechanical devices (机械装置). Since magic performance is meant to trick
people, the use of psychology is important. The magician must keep people from noticing all the
movements of his hands and from thinking about the secret parts of his equipment. He must also
lead the audience to draw false conclusions. The magician's success depends on the fact that many
things seen by the eye are not the things that matter.
Two basic magic tricks are making objects seem to appear and making objects seem to
disappear. A combination of these two tricks makes for some interesting effects. For example, the
magician puts a small ball under one of several cups. The ball then seems to jump from one cup to
another or to change colour. What actually happens is that the magician, employing quick hand
movements or a mechanical device, hides one ball. While doing this he talks to the audience and
waves a brightly coloured cloth with one hand. The audience is too busy watching the cloth and
listening to the magician's words to notice that his other hand is hiding the ball.
Another favourite trick is to cut or burn something, and then make it appear whole again.
What actually happens is that the magician makes the cut or burned object disappear by quicklyhiding it while the audience watches something else. Then he “magically” makes it appear whole
again by displaying (展示) another object that has not been cut or burned.
28．What is the author's main purpose in writing the text?
A．To promote a magic show.
B．To teach people to be magicians.
C．To explain the art of magic.
D．To praise the talents of magicians.
10.Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Photographer of the Year Award, was the idea of Charlie
Waite, one of today's most respected landscape photographers.Each year, the high standard of
entries has shown that the Awards are the perfect platform to showcase the very best photography
of the British landscape.Take a view is a desirable annual competition for photographers from all
corners of the UK and beyond.
Mike Shepherd(2011)Skiddaw in Winter Cumbria ，England It was an extremely cold
winter's evening and freezing fog hung in the air.I climbed to the top of a small rise and realised
that the mist was little more than a few feet deep, and though it was only a short climb, I found
myself completely above it and looking at a wonderfully clear view of Skiddaw with the sun
setting in the west.I used classical techniques, translated from my college days spent in the
darkroom into Photoshop, to achieve the black-and-white image (图像)．
Timothy Smith(2014)Macclesfield
Forest Cheshire，England I was back in my home town of Macclesfield to take some winter
images.Walking up a path through the forest towards Shutlingsloe, a local high point, I came
across a small clearing and immediately noticed the dead yellow grasses set against the fresh
snow.The small pine added to the interest and I placed it centrally to take the view from the
foreground right through into the forest.
23．Where can the text be found?
A．In a history book.
B．In a novel.
C．In an art magazine.
D．In a biography.
