文档内容
考点 10 阅读理解
推理判断之作者的目的和意图（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
推理判断之目的和意图
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
【2023年1月·浙江 28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in 目的和意图
卷】 the first paragraph? 【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in
paragraph 4? 【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ 26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning 目的和意图
卷] Fuzhou? [2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]B
28.What is the book aimed at? [2023·新高考全国
Ⅰ卷]C
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ 31.What does the author want to say by mentioning 目的和意图
卷] the e-reader? [2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]C
[2023·全国甲卷] 29.Why does the author list great philosophers in 目的和意图
Paragraph 4? [2023·全国甲卷]C
[2023·全国乙卷] 33.What does the author indicate by mentioning 目的和意图
Captain Cook in Paragraph 2? [2023·全国乙卷]D
2022 2022·新高考I卷 阅读 B24.What does the author want to show by 目的和意图
telling the arugula story?
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 C篇30.10．Why did the author like to spend time 目的和意图
in Southbank when he returned to London?
2021·全国高考乙卷 C篇29．Why does the author discuss plastic 目的和意图
straws in paragraph 3?
2021·全国新高考I D篇33．Why does the author mention “doctor” 目的和意图
and “cheater” in paragraph 2?
2021·全国新高考 II D篇34．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys 目的和意图
卷 to watch cattle?
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中写作目的和意图题考查了12次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容推断写作目的和意图。写作目的和意图的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，断定文章中作者写某些事实或例子的目的是什么；2.因为要判断作者的写作目的和意图，所以我们一定要站在作者的角度
看问题，把自己当成作者，你这样写是为了什么。
【备考策略】系统归类写作目的和意图的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中，推断写作目的和意图考查考生的基本的写作思路，在新高考命题中仍然是考查重点。因此，
推断写作目的和意图的推理判断题，有可能在2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。
【2024年高考命题预测】
推理判断之目的和意图考点是高考中的必考点。一篇发表的文章总有其作者的写作目的和用意，他一定是为
了说明和阐述一个观点或说服读者同意某个立场或观点。做这类题时，我们一定要站在作者的角度上看问题，把
自己当成作者。预测在2024高考中，目的和意图会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之目的和意图考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
What is the main purpose of the author writing the text?
The purpose of the text is to get more people to _______.
The writer of the story wants to tell us that________.
The fact… is mentioned by the author to show________.
The author writers the last paragraph in order to ________.
写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般
不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实，客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型要求考生不
但能理解文章的大意，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
一般来说，我们可以通过分析文章的文体特点，理解作者的词句选择和识别文章的语气来推断出作者的写作
意图。
1.【2023年1月·浙江卷】C
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in
San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former
national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and
prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles
will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical
engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows
what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least
intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of
rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a
computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But forhumans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a
string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the
symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social
memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why,
however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with
artificial intelligence.
28．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph?
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
2.【2023年1月·浙江卷】D
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown rapidly in the
past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a lot of space, and
though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what
they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to control weeds. The
result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation and
Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and contribute to the
agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar development, which focuses on
establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the easiest low-impact solar strategies is
providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over the past
couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator
habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness guidelines for home gardens,
businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into a shelter
for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-friendly solar farms
can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
34．What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A．To conserve pollinators. B．To restrict solar development.
C．To diversify the economy. D．To ensure the supply of energy.
3.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions.
Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the rightcombination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what
he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series
of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some
plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one
another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!
Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)
from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast
China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the
inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems
develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou?
A.To review John’s research plans.
B.To show an application of Johns idea.
C.To compare John’s different jobs.
D.To erase doubts about John’s invention.
4.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and
why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism,
starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable,before
moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This
process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then
add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things
you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on
an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’
stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate(培养) a sustainable digital
minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude(独处) and the necessity of
cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a
collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a
toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
( )28.What is the book aimed at?
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
5.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
C
Reading Art: Art for Book Lovers is a celebration of an everyday object—the book, represented here in almost three
hundred artworks from museums around the world. The image of the reader appears throughout history, in art made long
before books as we now know them came into being. In artists’ representations of books and reading, we see moments of
shared humanity that go beyond culture and time.
In this “book of books”, artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between
different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for
relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses—absorbed in a volume,
deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record
moments we can all relate to.
Books themselves may be used symbolically in paintings to demonstrate the intellect (才智), wealth or faith of the
subject. Before the wide use of the printing press, books were treasured objects and could be works of art in their own right.
More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for
artworks—transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures.
Continued developments in communication technologies were once believed to make the printed page outdated. From
a 21st-century point of view, the printed book is certainly ancient, but it remains as interactive as any battery-powered e-
reader. To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed,
perhaps notes written down or words underlined. And in contrast to our increasingly networked lives where the information
we consume is monitored and tracked, a printed book still offers the chance of a wholly private, “off-line” activity.
( )31.What does the author want to say by mentioning the e-reader?
A.The printed book is not totally out of date.
B.Technology has changed the way we read.
C.Our lives in the 21st century are networked.
D.People now rarely have the patience to read.
6.[2023·全国甲卷]
C
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarders Sophies World. It was full of ideas that were
new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book. It spoke to me and brought me into a world of
philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college. Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think
they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you—and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiners The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love
for philosophy. It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosophers work in the
context(背景) of one thing they can help us do better. The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see
like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche. This, more than a book about understanding
philosophy,is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does sowith plenty of humour. Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he
becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding(解读) their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them
in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging. The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and
sit down with this book. I encourage you to take his offer. Its worth your time, even if time is something we dont have a
lot of.
( )29.Why does the author list great philosophers in Paragraph 4?
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiners book.
7.[2023·全国乙卷]
D
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do
it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has
not. Writing is one of humanitys later achievements,and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的) societies
recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in
many cases we simply cant. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first
conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cooks voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have
scientific reports and the captains record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)
dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that
day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately
twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things
to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom
appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made:a history
told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies
such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half
of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts,but the objects.
( )33.What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in Paragraph 2?
A.His report was scientific.
B.He represented the local people.
C.He ruled over Botany Bay.
D.His record was one-sided.
8.B【2022·新高考I卷】
Like most of us, I try to be mindful of food that goes to waste. The arugula (芝麻菜)was to make a nice green salad,
rounding out a roast chicken dinner. But I ended up working late. Then friends called with a dinner invitation. I stuck the
chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even worse, I had unthinkingly bought way too much; I
could have made six salads with what I threw out.
In a world where nearly 800 million people a year go hungry, “food waste goes against the moral grain,” as ElizabethRoyte writes in this month’s cover story. It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly”
(but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.
Producing food that no one eats wastes the water, fuel, and other resources used to grow it. That makes food waste an
environmental problem. In fact, Royte writes, “if food waste were a country, it would be the third largest producer of
greenhouse gases in the world.”
If that’s hard to understand, let’s keep it as simple as the arugula at the back of my refrigerator. Mike Curtin sees my
arugula story all the time — but for him, it's more like 12 bones of donated strawberries nearing their last days. Curtin is
CEO of DC Central Kitchen in Washington, D.C., which recovers food and turns it into healthy meals. Last year it
recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce that
otherwise would have rotted in fields. And the strawberries? Volunteers will wash, cut, and freeze or dry them for use in
meals down the road.
Such methods seem obvious, yet so often we just don’t think. “Everyone can play a part in reducing waste, whether by
not purchasing more food than necessary in your weekly shopping or by asking restaurants to not include the side dish you
won’t eat,” Curtin says.
4. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
A. We pay little attention to food waste. B. We waste food unintentionally at times.
C. We waste more vegetables than meat. D. We have good reasons for wasting food.
9. C【2020·全国新高考I山东卷】
In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically
broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article
about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.
His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the
Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives
have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the
people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,
Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.
This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan, made of friendliness and warmth, but also its darker side of society. In
Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders, while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods
when suspected of drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼)followed by a strange drinking party. And
in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust storms, diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-rounded picture of
Uzbekistan, seen from Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stomach.
As the author explains, this is neither a travel nor a history book, or even a piece of reportage. Whatever it is, the result is a
fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions.
11．What is the purpose of this text?
A．To introduce a book. B．To explain a cultural phenomenon.
C．To remember a writer. D．To recommend a travel destination.
1.【2023届福建省福州市普通高中毕业班5月质量检测】
During the summer of 2021, Beverly Wax had an experience that filled her with awe. It was the sight of her son, Justin,dragging a 36-kilogram portable air conditioner upstairs. Beverly’s central air conditioning had stopped working in the
middle of a 32℃ heat wave. She had mentioned to her son and he’d shown up as a surprise. As she watched him sweat and
struggle while fixing it, she felt a wave of gratitude and appreciation.
Awe is that feeling we get when something is so vast that it stops us in our tracks. Often, it challenges or expands our
thinking. Research shows that awe experiences decrease stress and increase overall satisfaction. It can also help our
relationships, making us feel more sympathetic and less greedy, more supported by and more likely to help others.
Most of us associate awe with something rare and beautiful: nature, music or a spiritual experience. But people can
bring about awe, and not just public heroes. Often, this interpersonal awe is a response to life’s big, sweeping changes. We
can be awed by our nearest and dearest — the people sitting next to us on the sofa, or chatting on the phone. But it happens
in smaller moments, too. John Bargh, a psychologist, said he was truly awestruck by his then-five-year-old daughter. When
she heard another child crying, she grabbed her toy, walked over to the boy and handed it to him.
Unfortunately, we can’t make someone else behave in a way that’s awesome. But we can prepare ourselves to notice it
when they do — and take steps to boost the emotion’s positive effects.
4．Why does the writer tell Beverly’s story?
A．To show sympathy for her. B．To cite an example of awe.
C．To express appreciation to her son. D．To start a discussion about awe.
5．What is the benefit of awe?
A．It stops our anxiety. B．simplifies our thinking.
C．It satisfies regular needs. D．It promotes positive emotions.
6．In which situation can we feel awed between the nearest?
A．Admiring scenery in a national park.
B．Enjoying classic music in a concert hall.
C．Receiving a call from a long-lost friend.
D．Getting the signature of a famous athlete.
7．What can be implied from the last paragraph?
A．Arise in time of trouble.
B．Behave in an awesome way.
C．Sense amazement in daily life.
D．Increase chance of finding awe.
2.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Computers are closely linked to education today and the Internet can offer any help you want. But for now, experts say,
don’t throw away your books. Researchers in Span and Israel took a close look at 54 studies comparing dial and print
reading. Their 2018 study involved more than 171,000 readers. “Students often think they learn more from reading online.
When tested, though, it turns out that they actually lea med less than when reading in print,” says the researcher.
Reading is not natural, explains Maryanne Wolf, a neuroseientist who specializes in how the brain reads. We learn to
talk by listening to those around us. It’s pretty automatic. But learning to read takes real work. It’s because the brain has no
special network of cells just for reading. To understand text, the brain borrows networks that evolved (进化) to do other
things. This is similar to how you might adapt a tool for some new use. For example, a coat hanger is great for putting your
clothes in the closet. But if a blueberry rolls under the refrigerator, you might straighten out the coat hanger and use it to
reach under the fridge and pull out the fruit. You’ve taken a tool made for one thing and adapted it for something new.
That’s what the brain does when you read.It’s great that the brain is so flexible. It’s one reason we can learn to do so many new things. But that can be a problem
when you make a switch from your reading material to another type of it. Namely, when we read online, the brain creates a
different set of connections between cells from the ones it uses for reading in print. It basically adapts the same tool again
for the new task. This is like if you took a coat hanger and instead of straightening it out to fetch a blueberry, you twisted it
into a hook to unclog a drain (疏通下水道). Same original tool, two very different forms.
12．What can be known from the 2018 study?
A．Students can learn more from online materials.
B．Reading in print leads to a better understanding.
C．The Internet counts a lot in gathering information.
D．Fewer people prefer reading books at present time.
13．What is the writing purpose of Paragraph 2?
A．To show what the brain takes to read.
B．To illustrate how the brain evolves.
C．To introduce a coat hanger’s functions.
D．To outline the features of reading.
14．What might cause a problem for the brain’s flexibility?
A．Different types of texts. B．Basic forms of the tools.
C．Different formats of texts. D．Interpersonal connections.
15．What is the best title for the text?
A．Always Bear Books in Mind
B．Try to Be a Reasonable Reader
C．How to Enhance Your Reading Comprehension?
D．Learn Better from Reading on Screen or on Paper?
基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023届安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
Coming of age is that time in each of our lives when we begin to see the possibilities. The world opens up in ways that
matures our vision, gives us a sense of responsibility and gratitude. Connor Thomson had just started college and loved
being at that phase in his life where he could eat all the pizza he wanted, yet engage in adult conversations with his parents
about the responsibility to make life better for others. Connor’s optimism was striking. There was so much he could do, so
much he could become. But it all ended one night when Connor was distracted(分心的) while driving in a Colorado
canyon.
Connor’s father, David, took it particularly hard. A father sees more than his own traits in his son; he sees greater
possibilities than he achieved. Taking that hope away left David feeling aimless. But Connor’s optimism was one of those
traits passed on to him by his father. So David got to work. First, he established the Honor Connor Scholarship Fund to
reward students who served in the community. Next, he went to work creating a research-based curriculum that educatesUniversity of Colorado Boulder students and their families about the dangers of texting and driving.
David now works with lecturers at various colleges and high schools, ensuring young minds understand how statically
at risk they are when they text and drive. He’s become a passionate advocate for preparing young people to drive safely and
not subconsciously reach for their phones while they’re at the wheel. It includes a very simple three-part commitment: to
not text or use social media while driving, speak out if riding with a driver who is distracted and encourage friends and
family to drive phone-free.
While every constructive effort reminds David of the loss he suffered, he is encouraged knowing that more young
people with so much to of r the word will be around to do good. “I get to be a part of what Connor would have done,” says
David.
4．Why does the author mention Coming of age?
A．To display Connor’s optimism. B．To convey his regret for Connor.
C．To offer the family background. D．To show Connor’s academic talent.
5．Which of the following can best describe David?
A．Optimistic and helpful. B．Self-centered but determined.
C．Thoughtful and daring. D．Cool-minded but reasonable.
6．What does David now focus on?
A．Managing his own company. B．Keeping the three-part promise.
C．Saving people from distracted driving. D．Keeping students focused on school.
7．What does the text mainly talk about?
A．How a death could affect a whole family.
B．What lesson we can get from an accident.
C．A young man’s life claimed by careless driving.
D．One father turning his loss into helping others.
2.【2023届安徽省合肥市第八中学高三最后一卷】
Tiny sensory hair cells called stereocilia(静纤毛)located in your inner ear are responsible for detecting sound. When
these become damaged, either by genetic disorders, loud sounds or old age, it can lead to hearing difficulties and even
deafness.
Now, in a series of experiments on mice, researchers based at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies and the
University of Sheffield have identified a protein that can be delivered to these hair cells in order to stimulate their growth.
“Our discovery shows that hair cell function can be restored in certain cells,” said Dr Uri Manor, assistant research
professor and director of the Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Core at Salk.
Stereocilia hair cells are found throughout the cochlea(耳蜗). Regions of the cochlea that sense low frequencies have
longer stereocilia, while regions that sense high frequencies have shorter stereocilia. When sounds enter the ear, they cause
fluid within the cochlea to vibrate(振动), which in turn causes the stereocilia to move. These hair cells then send signals to
neurons(神经元), which pass on information about the sounds that we are hearing to the brain.
In their previous studies, Manor and Prof Walter Marotti found that the protein EPS8 was involved in determining the
length of stereocilia. Without the protein, the growth of the hairs is stunted and they remain very short. For this latest study,
the two researchers teamed up to design an experiment to see if adding EPS8 to stereocilia hair cells could stimulate their
regrowth and improve hearing in mic. They used a common gene therapy(基因治疗)technique to deliver the protein to the
hair cells on the back of a virus. They then investigated the effects using imaging techniques.
The team found that EPS8 increased the length of the stereocilia and restored their function in low-frequency cells,although not enough to restore the hearing of the mice. However, they also found that the cells seemed to lose their ability to
regenerate as they aged. The researchers now plan to investigate the action of EPS8 further, with the hope of extending the
age range over which it is effective.
12．What is the author’s purpose in writing paragraphs 1 and 2?
A．To reveal causes of hearing problems.
B．To show different functions of stereocilia.
C．To prove the necessity of hearing protection.
D．To introduce the finding of a hearing-improving protein.
13．What does the underlined word “stunted” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Guaranteed. B．Prevented. C．Recorded. D．Reflected.
14．What did the researchers use the gene therapy technique to do?
A．Help mice grow faster. B．Keep viruses from growing.
C．Send EPS8 to stereocilia hair cells D．Remove aged stereocilia hair cells.
15．What do the researchers plan to do?
A．Restore the hearing of the mice. B．Make EPS8 effective in aging cells.
C．Investigate the formation of EPS8. D．Count low-frequency cells of aging mice.
3.【2023届安徽省合肥市第八中学高三最后一卷】
As an education specialist, I believe the best way to prepare students for colleges and careers is to focus on providing
instructional programs and opportunities that help them become good thinkers. To do this, teachers and actually everyone
else in a community, should play a role as a “cognitive(认知)coach” to students, helping develop good thinkers among our
youth.
The best way for you to become a cognitive coach is to seek out and engage school children and adolescents in
meaningful conversations. The objective here is to get kids talking about what they think, how they feel, and what they
believe whenever and wherever you may find them. It may be in a classroom. It may be at the grocery store. It may be at a
basketball game. It doesn’t matter where as long as you engage students in a topical conversation and, hopefully, even a
debate. Mainly, you want to encourage students to voice their opinion about things. Get them to take a position on “this
thing, or that thing,” and ask them to support their position with evidence. Curiously enough, the simple process of
engaging students in real life conversations and debates will serve to strengthen what they have learned in the classroom,
and help them create their own knowledge about a subject or a topic.
Learning indicates that a student has been exposed to material, understands the material, and can recall the information.
Knowledge, on the other hand, goes beyond recall and includes information processing, application to other situations,
consideration of meaning, and contrasting with other concepts. Naturally, the topic of conversation you engage in with one
of your learners will differ from student to student, and in the level of complexity based on child’s age and developmental
level. Even a kindergartener has an opinion about things that are going on in his or her life. Engaging in conversation with
any members of your learning community in ways that get at what they have learned and what they know will help them
develop higher order reasoning skills.
A student’s synthetic thinking(综合思维)process occurs when a respected adult asks a question, particularly a question
that requires reflection. I think all adults in a community have a responsibility to help children with this process, with the
goal of producing independent thinkers.
4．What contributes most to developing good young thinkers?
A．Debating with classmates. B．Learning from respected adults.C．Engaging in challenging activities. D．Putting forward a sensible argument.
5．Which is the best question raised by a cognitive coach?
A．What have you learnt recently? B．What nationality is Elbert Einstein?
C．Why do you like playing football? D．Where are you going this weekend?
6．What does the author want to show by mentioning a kindergartener?
A．Being a good young thinker is important.
B．Choosing conversation topics accordingly is essential.
C．Cultivating good young thinkers should start as early as possible.
D．Even children have their unique and independent ways of thinking.
7．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To state an education idea. B．To assess a teaching strategy.
C．To introduce a learning method. D．To compare different education methods.
4.【2023届湖南省衡阳市高中毕业班联考（三）】
Would you go mad after two hours without TV, friend requests, exciting online games or your mobile, or would you
easily survive?
Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called “Unplugged”. It
was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms
of media devices for 24 hours.
Unplugged is being run by Dr. Roman Gerodimos, a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth
University. The experiment is now over but he doesn’t yet know the full findings. However, during the experiment, Dr.
Gerodimos said there were already signs of how much the experiment affected volunteers. He said, “They’re reporting
withdrawal symptoms (脱瘾综合征), overeating, and feeling nervous, isolated and disconnected.”
During their 24-hour painful experience, three of the experiment’s guinea pigs had to endure one intrusion (侵扰) from
the media: a reporter plus cameraman who followed them around for the day. They were asked to write down 100 lines
about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.
Elliot wrote, “Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. Despite being aware of the social
importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty I felt without the radio or newspapers.”
And Charlotte wrote, “I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been my mobile; not only is it a
social tool, but it’s my main access point of communication.”
Earlier in the year, a UK government study found that in the UK young people spend about half of their waking hours
using the media. And a recent study found that on average, US teenagers send and receive over 3,000 texts per month --
that’s about six texts per waking hour.
So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the
future?
12．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To ask for information. B．To entertain the readers.
C．To introduce the topic. D．To present an idea.
13．About Dr. Roman Gerodimos’ experiment, we know that ______.
A．the experiment is still going on B．volunteers felt uncomfortable in it
C．volunteers didn’t want to eat anything D．volunteers were allowed to take their laptops.14．What’s Elliot’s feeling of losing touch with social media?
A．satisfied B．relaxed C．delighted D．bored
15．Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?
A．Unplugging Your Life B．Surviving Without the Media
C．Valuing Social Communication D．Setting Aside Time for Sleep
5.【2023届福建省泉州市普通高三5月份适应性练习】
In a strawberry field surrounded by strawberry fields on the outskirts of Santa Maria, a pair of robots have been
picking berries all summer.
Each robot, made by a Colorado company called Tortuga AgTech, rolls in the field on wheels, then stops in front of a
plant. A mechanical arm operates its sensor among the leaves; machine vision software scans the sensor data in search of
ripe berries. If an unripe berry is in the way, the robot repositions for a better angle. As nipper-grabber (夹爪) mounted in
the middle of the sensors stretches to cut the berry’s stem (茎), then cautiously places it in awaiting plastic container at the
robot’s base.
Tortuga’s robots are designed to pick strawberries from plants grown on hydroponic (水培的) tabletops, not the ground
shadberries. The tabletop system enables Tortuga’s strawberry robots to work by making berms cower to be poked up with
robotic arms and protecting the robots from direct exposure to the elements.
Since hitting this field last spring, the robots are on their way to picking nearly as many berries as human pickers, and
with 95% accuracy, according to Tortuga. Unlike a human, the Tortuga robots don’t need breaks, can’t get sick, are always
ready to work and can pick all day and into the night. With wages making up so much of a grower’s expense, the allure of
a robots increased reliability and potential to become more cost-efficient over time is hard to resist.
I do think the best humans are going to be able to outperform robots at these judgment-driven tasks,” said Eric
Adamson, Tortuga’s cofounder and chief executive. “But that’s OK. It doesn’t have to be better than every human; it just
has to be better than enough people.”
Meanwhile, the team behind Tortuga sees agricultural robots as more than labor-saving devices. They see them as the
only way that an industry facing climate change, land use and chemical regulation can adapt and survive.
8．How can the robot detect ripe strawberries?
A．By analyzing the sensor data. B．By observing their positions.
C．By monitoring their stems. D．By testing them in containers.
9．What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3?
A．Add some relevant information. B．Provide some advice for growers.
C．Summarize the previous paragraphs. D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
10．What does the underlined word “allure” in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Pressure. B．Appeal. C．Impact. D．Expansion.
11．What is the text mainly about?
A．Robots replacing human labor.
B．Urgent need for agricultural robots.
C．Robots shaping the future of strawberry.
D．Great challenges of future robots.
6.【2023届广东省八市高考4月二联考】
Two separate research groups in the UK and Denmark have come up with the same idea for a study that could helpsave endangered species, and have gotten the same results. It involves sucking environmental DNA from the air that animals
leave behind.
“We use a really small pump that pulls the air through, and we hope the DNA gets caught on the filter (过滤器),” said
Elizabeth Clare, the lead researcher. “It’s a bit like making coffee. You make coffee by sucking water through a filter and
leaving the coffee grounds behind. That’s basically what we’re doing; we’re just sucking the air through and hoping that the
DNA gets left behind.”
Clare says the concept has been used for years in different ways. Scientists sample pathogens (病原体) from the air,
which has been used to help track COVID-19. Environmental DNA can also be collected from water to help ease invasive
species.
A big goal for both research teams with the new study is to be able to locate endangered species and help save them. It
is important to note that this type of DNA sampling can only be picked up if a species is in the area, so if there were two of
the same animal, scientists would not be able to tell which one the DNA came from.
Both research groups also reported certain DNA samples not showing up when they knew an animal had been in the
area. They also can’t tell yet how long an animal’s DNA will stick around after it’s been in one area. Clare says she’d like to
plan more researches to get these answers.
But one thing is for sure after conducting the study. Clare says she has a whole new perspective on taking a deep
breath. “As you know, I’m walking through a jungle or the park or taking my dog for a walk or my kids out to play, and I
take a deep breath; I think I just inhaled information about all the things that have been here before, and as a scientist, that’s
exciting to think that the information that I’m trying to gather is literally hanging in front of me,” she said.
12．Why does the author mention coffee-making?
A．To show the function of a filter.
B．To illustrate how the idea works.
C．To compare two different methods.
D．To prove how simply DNA-sucking works.
13．What does the underlined phrase “the concept” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Detecting danger in the air.
B．Protecting endangered animals.
C．Sucking DNA out of the air.
D．Collecting environmental samples.
14．What do we know about the new method of DNA sampling?
A．It distinguishes different DNAs.
B．It collects certain DNA within range.
C．It locates endangered species exactly.
D．It predicts the duration of animals’ stay.
15．What can we infer from Clare’s words in the last paragraph?
A．She breathes the air of hope for future studies.
B．She agrees with the benefits of deep breathing.
C．She adopts brand-new methods of purifying the air.
D．She finds inner peace by doing simple things in life.
7.【2023届湖北省高三3月第二次适应性英语模拟测试】Have you ever chatted with a friend about buying a certain item and been targeted with an ad for that same item the
next day? If so, you may have wondered whether your smartphone was “listening” to you.
We can definitely say that your phone is listening to you via your device s onboard microphone. It always has to listen
to you so it can hear your voice command and assist you. Why is my phone listening to me? When you ask Siri to find
something, this information is used for targeted ads. It’s not different from typing something into Baidu. If you’re looking
for car dealerships in your city, related ads will start chasing you across the Internet in a way a virtual assistant is just
another search engine.
What’s worse, your device doesn’t need to listen to your conversations. There’s a good chance you’re already giving it
all the information it needs. Most of us regularly disclose our information to a wide range of websites and apps. We do this
when we grant them certain permissions, or allow “cookies” to track our online activities.
So-called cookies allow websites to “remember” certain details about our interaction with the site. For instance, login
cookies let you save your login details so you don’t have to re-enter them each time. The cookie will host marketer’s ads
and grant it access to data it collects from you (which you will have given it permission to do—perhaps by clicking on some
harmless looking popup).
As such, the advertiser can build a picture of your life: your routines, wants and needs. These companies constantly
seek to evaluate the popularity of their products and how this varies based on factors such as a customer’s age, gender,
height, weight, job and hobbies.
8．Why does the author mention “Siri” and “Baidu” in paragraph 2?
A．To explain a rule. B．To draw a conclusion.
C．To make a prediction. D．To clarify a view.
9．What is the author’s attitude to the personal information being tracked by websites?
A．Unfavorable. B．Tolerant. C．Positive. D．Unclear.
10．How can the companies constantly seek to evaluate the popularity of their products?
A．By ringing you for your routines, wants and needs.
B．By enquiring your friends about your preferences.
C．By buying your personal information secretly.
D．By collecting your routines, wants and needs.
11．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Your smart phone is “listening” to you. B．You can’t live without the smart phone.
C．Baidu Search engine is helping you. D．Audio Siri is always helping you.
8.【2023届湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学高三下学期5月压轴卷】
Taylor Swift, US singer-songwriter known for hits such as Shake It Off and You Belong With Me, has earned a new
praise-she now has a new species of millipede (千足虫) named in her honor.
The millipede Nannaria swiftae joins 16 other new species described from the Appalachian Mountains of the United
States. They have a valuable role, for they break down leaf litter and release their nutrients into the ecosystem. They live on
the forest floor, where they feed on rotten leaves and other plant matter, and in fact, they are somewhat tricky to catch,
because they tend to remain buried in the soil, sometimes staying completely beneath the surface.
Because of their presence in museum collections, scientists long suspected that the millipedes included many new
species, but these specimens (标本) went undescribed for decades. To fix this, the researchers began a multi-year project to
collect new specimens throughout the eastern US. They traveled to 17 US states, checking under leaf litter, rocks, and logs
to find species so that they could sequence (测定序列) their DNA and scientifically describe them.Looking at over 1, 800 specimens collected on their field study or taken from university and museum collections, the
authors described 17 new species, including Nannaria marianae, which was named after Hennen’s wife. They discovered
that the millipedes prefer to live in forested habitats near streams and are often found buried under the soil, exhibiting more
mysterious behaviors than their relatives.
The lead author of the study, Derek Hennen, a fan of Taylor Swift says, “Her music helped me get through the highs
and lows of graduate school, so naming a new millipede species after her is my way of saying thanks.”
28．Why is it tough to seize the millipede?
A．It’s flexible. B．It hides well. C．It feeds on leaves. D．It looks like litter.
29．What is the author’s purpose in writing the third paragraph?
A．To show scientists’ tough work. B．To blame researchers’ carelessness.
C．To illustrate millipedes’ importance. D．To emphasize invention in scientific studies.
30．In which aspect does the millipede differ from its relatives?
A．Habitat. B．Diet. C．Nutrition. D．Mystery.
31．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．Taylor Swift Is a Famous Singer-Songwriter.B．Scientists Conduct Research on the Millipede.
C．Research on the Millipede Amazed Scientists. D．Millipede Species Named after Taylor Swift.
9.【2023届湖北省荆门市龙泉中学、荆州中学、宜昌一中三校高三下学期5月第二次联考】
Most of us spend our lives surrounded by screens, which offer us convenience as well as connection and an ocean of
information. But since it’s easy to feel pressured to keep up with every notification, technology may feel more like a burden
than a blessing. Thus, the idea of “digital detox” is becoming increasingly inviting.
The phrase “digital detox” describes getting rid of TV, phones, computers and other forms of technology that control
our lives for a period of time. Some experts advocate completely avoiding unnecessary screen time for 30 years. Others
suggest using an app that will limit the amount of time one can spend on certain websites. A third option is logging out in
evenings or on weekends. Others simply turn their phones off at scheduled times. Some even pay high prices to take
vacations in places where they can unplug from their digital routine.
Why might you want to take a digital detox? Perhaps you find that you are spending longer than you intend on certain
apps or that they distract you from more important things. Perhaps social media is depressing because you compare yourself
to others or you fear missing out on things that other people are enjoying. Constant negative news can also give rise to a lot
of stress.
Technology can also have physical effects. Many people experience back or neck pain as a result of bending over
screens. The blue light coming from most screens can also affect people’s sleep by preventing production of melatonin (褪
黑素) .
Giving up all screens may not be realistic, but strategic breaks from technology may be good for your body, mind,
emotions and relationships. It is high time that you picked a time to turn off your devices and focus on really important
things.
28．Why does the author say “technology may feel more like a burden than a blessing” in paragraph 1?
A．To confirm a concept. B．To present a problem.
C．To explain a rule. D．To make a prediction.
29．What does the underlined word “unplug” in paragraph 2 mean?
A．Recover. B．Benefit. C．Escape. D．Suffer.
30．Which could be the reason for one to start “digital detox”?A．Apps selection difficulty. B．Fear of missing important things.
C．Exposure to false news. D．Pressure from social comparison.
31．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To recommend healthy lifestyles. B．To call for reducing the use of digital devices.
C．To give instructions on starting digital detox.D．To present different attitudes to digital products.
10.【2023届山东省济南市高三三模】
For motorcycle enthusiasts, nothing beats the excitement of riding your motorcycle on the open highway with the wind
on your back. With gas prices rising, riding motorcycles is economical and a much greener way to travel. Along with the
benefits comes the risk of personal injury if an accident occurs. After all, you’re not protected by steel like you are while
driving your car. Besides a helmet (头盔), the latest safety innovations, new airbag jeans, are personal airbags that you can
wear to better protect your life.
Airbags have been protecting people in car accidents for decades. Now, a Swedish company, Mo’cycle, teamed up with
an airbag technology company which previously produced upper body protection for motorcycle riders, to design and
produce the airbags jeans. This kind of airbag can offer protection for the motorcycle rider’s lower body, especially the
tailbone, in case of an accident. According to the company, “It reformed the airbag technology to protect the first bone of
the spinal column (脊柱), because spinal column injury is the leading cause of disability among motorcycle riders.”
The airbag jeans look like conventional trousers. Its component is removable and the jeans can be washed, dried, and
worn again. The jeans are made of a fabric called Armalith which is stronger and weighs less than steel. Armalith helps to
prevent riders from injuries caused by force of friction after a fall. The airbags fixed into the fabric help protect the rider if
he or she falls off the motorcycle. If the rider is separated from the vehicle, the airbags are touched off in seconds. That’s
because the mechanism is actually a chain that connects the jeans to the motorcycle.
Mo’cycle’s airbag jeans are available on the company’s crowdfunding campaign along with an airbag shirt and a
complete protection package. Obviously, they can provide protection for more motorcycle riders. Making the roads safer for
them is certainly a worthy effort.
8．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A．To show the popularity of motorcycles. B．To stress the necessity of airbags jeans.
C．To state the importance of wearing helmets. D．To display the excitement of highway riding.
9．What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?
A．The tailbone injuries are hard to identify.
B．Airbags offer overall protection for riders.
C．Mo cycle is famous for airbag design and production.
D．The airbag jeans are based on the existing technology.
10．What is a feature of airbag jeans?
A．They lead a new fashion trend. B．They are comfortable to wear.
C．They are quick in response. D．They need fixing regularly.,
11．How does the author feel about the future of the airbag jeans?
A．Indifferent. B．Uncertain. C．Promising. D．Curious.
11.【2023届山东省济宁市三模】
A Day Out at the City FarmCome and join us for a day of fun! Get in touch with nature and learn about the
importance of growing our own food. Bring back your own mini garden to start your urban farming journey!Date:28 May 2023 (Sunday) Time:8 a.m. to 5 p.m.Venue: City Farm
GUIDED TOUR 9 a.m. or 3 p.m.
Free registration (registration ends 5 minutes before tour starts)
Our friendly guide will share interesting facts about some common local plants and their uses. You will have an
opportunity to touch, smell and taste some of the vegetables and fruits. Our guide will also highlight some farming methods
that are environmentally friendly.
WORKSHOPS
1．What can a visitor enjoy during the guided tour?
A．Trying out new farming methods.
B．Tasting some vegetables and fruits.
C．Visiting the farm without registration.
D．Sharing knowledge of plants with the locals.
2．How much need a couple with one child pay for My Miniature Garden?
A．$40. B．$55. C．$65. D．$80.
3．What is the main purpose of the event?
A．To instruct visitors to prepare gifts.
B．To advocate the protection of the farm plants.
C．To publicize the sale of organic produce.
D．To encourage people to grow their own food.
12.【2023届山东省泰安市高三下学期三模】
Liam Gamer was just 17 years old when he started out on his big adventure — a 32,000-kilometer bike trip from
Alaska to Argentina. In early January, 2023, he finally finished his trip, 17 months after he started.
Liam, an experienced cyclist, had previously ridden from Los Angeles to San Francisco. He made short videos of that
trip, and shared them on the social media app TikTok, some of which became quite popular. After reading a book by
adventurer Jedidiah Jenkins, who biked from Oregon to Argentina, Liam decided to cycle from Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, the
northernmost point in the United States accessible by road, to Ushuaia, Argentina, the southernmost point of South America.
