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考点 12 阅读理解
推理判断之引申推断（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题考点分布
考点
推理判断之引申推断
题型
2023 试卷类型 设问 考点
阅读理解
[2023·新高考全国 ( )24.What can we learn about John from the first 引申推断
two paragraphs?
Ⅰ卷]B
[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ ( )34.What can we learn from the example given 引申推断
in Paragraph 5?
卷]D
【2023年1月·浙江 26．What can we infer about the author? 引申推断
卷】B
[2023·全国甲卷]D ( )35.What can be inferred from the last 引申推断
paragraph?
[2023·全国乙卷]B ( )26.What can we infer from the autho’s trip with 引申推断
friends to Devil’s Lake?
2022 2022·新高考I卷 阅读A23.3. What will happen if you submit an 引申推断
essay one week after the due date?
C篇31. What can we learn about the project from
the last two paragraphs?
2022·全国高考乙卷 D篇35. What can be inferred about the adoption of 引申推断
the sugar tax policy?
2021 2021·英语全国甲卷 B篇27．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne 引申推断
Reserve?
D篇33．What can we infer about girls from the
study in Science?
2021·全国高考乙卷 B篇27．What can be inferred about the landline 引申推断
from the last paragraph?
D篇35．What can we infer about the author from
the text?
2021·全国新高考 I C篇30．What is a direct result of the Act passed 引申推断
卷 in 1934?2021·全国新高考 II D篇34．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys 引申推断
卷 to watch cattle?
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】近3年新高考卷对于阅读理解中引申推断考查了11次。主要考查：
根据阅读文章整体或某一段落的内容进行引申推断得出推断结果。引申推断的方法：1.通过分析文章内容，推断出
文章中事实的结论，得出新的判断；2.推理判断的结论不是文章中的原句，而是在文章基础上，通过逻辑推理得出
的结论。
【备考策略】系统归类引申推断的方法；熟练掌握阅读技能。
【命题预测】
通过阅读理解中的引申推断，考查考生的逻辑思维能力、思辨能力和批评性思维。因此，引申推断题将在
2024年高考中将成为高考阅读理解的重点题型。
【2024年高考命题预测】
推理判断之引申推断考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有引申推断题以考查学生的推理判
断能力，推理判断题的答案是通过对文章中材料的分析得出的结论，它不是文章中直接的事实。预测在2024高考
中，引申推断会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之引申推断考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What can be inferred about the ......?
2．What can be inferred about ......from the last paragraph?
3．What can we learn from ......?
4．What can we infer about ...... from the text?
如何解决引申推断题？
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在
关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观
点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，
assume(假定，设想)和conclude(推断，做出结论)。
1.[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ卷]
B
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems.
A dirty stream, for example,often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived.
When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions.
Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌)? Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals? With the rightcombination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what
he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge (污泥). First, he constructed a series
of clear fibreglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some
plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little,these different kinds of life got used to one
another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it!
Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage(污水)
from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast
China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does.“Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the
inventor,” he says.“You put organisms in new relationships and observe whats happening. Then you let these new systems
develop their own ways to self-repair.”
( )24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs?
A.He was fond of travelling.
B.He enjoyed being alone.
C.He had an inquiring mind.
D.He longed to be a doctor.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了约翰·托德从小就很爱观察自然且爱思考,他利用自然可以自我修复
的原理建造了生态机器等设备来净化污水。
24.C 推理判断题。根据第一段“When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the
messes people were making.”可知,当约翰长大后,他开始想弄明白这个过程是否可以用来清理人们正在制造的脏乱。
再结合第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and
asking questions.”可知,在大学里学习了农业、医学和渔业之后,约翰回去观察自然并提出问题。由此可知,从前两段
中我们可以知道约翰有一种好学爱问的思维方式。
2.[2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷]
D
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re
lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that wildness in
urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a
written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these
submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s experience of “We sat and
listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at beach” and “listening to waves”.
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a“nature language” began to emerge. After the
coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These include
encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the activities
that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge of water might besatisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more
domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives. And for
that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study.
( )34.What can we learn from the example given in Paragraph 5?
A.Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B.Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C.The same nature experience takes different forms.
D.The nature language enhances work performance.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了城市化进程使得人类与自然的接触逐渐减少,尤其是在城市中找到原
生态环境的机会越来越少,而研究表明城市中的原生态环境对人类的健康和幸福感极为重要。
34.C 推理判断题。根据第五段中给出的例子“…the experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying
for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic
form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.”可知,沿水边散步的体验对周末在公园徒步旅
行的年轻职业人士来说可能是令人满足的。在工作日回到市中心,在午餐时间沿着喷泉散步也能享受到这种互动形
式。由此可知,相同的自然体验可以采用不同的形式。故选C项。
3.【2023年1月·浙江卷】B
Live with roommates? Have friends and family around you? Chances are that if you’re looking to live a more
sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and
I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me. I’ve learned a few things along
the way though, which I hope you’ll find encouraging if you’re doing your best to figure out how you can make the change
in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back. I remember showing my parents a video of Bea
Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came
back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.
It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach. I had my own
bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn’t need. Since I had my own toiletries (洗漱用品), I was able to start
personalising my routine to be more sustainable. I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the
cupboard for my own zero waste groceries. Perhaps your household won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some
control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on
what you’re doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate. If you have individuals who are not on board, your
words probably won’t do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
26．What can we infer about the author?
A．She is quite good at cooking. B．She respects others’ privacy.
C．She enjoys being a housewife. D．She is a determined person.
【答案】 26．D
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费的生活方式。26．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within
my own reach. (然而，随着减少浪费的几个月的持续，我尽了自己力所能及的努力)”及“Perhaps your household
won’t entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you
desire.(也许你的家庭不会完全改变，但你可以控制自己的个人空间，做出你想要的改变)”可推知，作者是一个意志
坚定的人。故选D。
4.[2023·全国甲卷]
D
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5m long and weigh over 400kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the American
psyche—we revere(敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the world that flood
into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As grizzly bears
expand their range into places where they havent been seen in a century or more, theyre increasingly being sighted by
humans.
The western half of the US was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or more living
alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by settlers, 600 to 800
grizzlies remained on a mere 2 per cent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975, grizzlies were listed under
the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the US. Their recovery has been so successful that the US Fish
and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be
hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions(预防) arent taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,sometimes killing farm animals or
walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will
typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also
highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through
without learning bad habits,” says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula.
( )35.What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A.Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B.People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C.A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D.Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了灰熊数量在美国的变化以及其背后的原因。
35.B 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的内容,尤其是James Jonkel的话“Our hope is to have a clean,attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits…” 可知,通过预防措施,灰熊就不会学到坏习惯,人们就
可以与灰熊和谐共处。故选B。
5.[2023·全国乙卷]
B
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape (风景) can be quite a challenge, mainly
because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways,sometimes I find
distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have travelled up to four hours away to
shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go onadventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right
destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of
beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devils Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock
around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene
at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to
climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However,we did not mark the route (路线) so we ended up almost
missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time.
Still, looking back on the photos,they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have
been prepared and managed my time wisely.
( )26.What can we infer from the autho’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake?
A.They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B.They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C.They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D.They had problems with their equipment.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文,文章讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师是如何应对挑战,拍出高质量的风景照片的。
26.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“However, we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost missing the
sunset entirely.”可知,作者和朋友们没有标出路线,所以几乎完全错过了日落。由此可推知,他们比预计到达拍摄地点
的时间晚了。故选C项。
6.D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would
generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was
introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three
times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months
showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the year ending in April
2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）
so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to
avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p
for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for
fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small
companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising
millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a
healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?A. It is a short-sighted decision. B. It is a success story.
C. It benefits manufacturers. D. It upsets customers.
【答案】 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，
同时该收入用于学校体育。
15. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive
influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in schools.（根据一
位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”
可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
7.B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf
(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And
officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to
breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another
calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time
mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather
warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calves
will make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on
January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all
born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos
a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Port Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is too early to tell if the calves will make good candidates to be returned to
protected areas of the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pon
Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
1.【2023届河北省高三适应性考试】
One aspect of the clean-energy change will happen inside buildings. Many homes and businesses burn natural gas for
heating and cooking. Natural gas gives out greenhouse gases as well as other pollutants that can harm health. Gas
appliances (家用电器) can be replaced by electric versions and tap into clean electricity.
Panama Bartholomy is the director of the Building Decarbonization Coalition. His group, based in Petaluma, Calif.,
