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考点 5 完形填空
完形填空之解题方法（核心考点精讲精练）
考点5 解题方法
方法1细研首句定主旨
解题方法 方法2前瞻后望重语境
方法3熟词生义需重视
方法一 细研首句定主旨
完形填空首句一般不设空，这是为了给学生提供一个清晰而完整的背景。记叙文首句往往介绍事件发生的时
间、地点、人物和起因等细节信息，说明文和议论文一般通过文章首句点明全文的主题。仔细分析文章的首句，
往往能获取许多解题信息，从而节省做题时间。
1．利用首句可以帮助我们判断文章的体裁，捕捉文章的要素，预测故事的发展。
【典例1】 (2022·全国甲卷·首句)
You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
直接 首句提出了一个观点：你可以从一个人对待他的狗的方式来了解他很多。由
信息 此可以基本判定，本文应是记叙文。
预测 下文很可能围绕“某个人如何对待他的狗”这一话题展开，表达作者的情感
信息 体会。
2．利用首句可抓住文章的核心及中心话题，这对于理解全文和解题有着重要的启示作用。
【典例2】 (2020·全国Ⅰ卷·首句)
Since our twins began learning to walk，my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just
a window.
直接 首句交代了人物(who)——I, my wife, our twins和事件(what)——谎称玻璃
信息 推拉门是窗户。
根据这些信息，我们可以这样设问：他们为什么要对孩子们说玻璃推拉门是
预测
窗户呢？这难道不是谎言吗？这样又会带来什么后果呢？阅读文章，我们可
信息
以在下文叙述中找到这些疑问的答案。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】方法二 前瞻后望重语境
完形填空题主要考查学生对语境的理解能力，所以空处的前后多有暗示(下文暗示上文的居多)。学生在做题时，
一定要从整体上把握文章的内容，弄清文章的结构和文章的内在逻辑关系。
【典例1】 (2022·全国乙卷·节选)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them, there's something highly
exciting about 41 someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding.They often cover only their
eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 43.exposed．
41．A．following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
42．A．clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
【解析】 41．由上文 playing games of hide and seek (玩捉迷藏游戏)和下文making oneself unable to be seen
的提示可知，此处指避开(escaping)别人的视线，让自己不被人看到。故选C。
42．根据下文 They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies可知，幼儿园小
朋友不擅长(bad)躲藏。故选B。
【典例2】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
This was 50 than it sounds. 51 ． Slow down a bit and the cakes pile up.As I told my parents at dinner that
first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I'd 52 ． expected ．
50．A．harder B．better
C．longer D．cheaper
【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示分析法解题。根据节选部分最后一句中的 it was all a little more high-pressure than
可知，这项工作比“我”所意料的有更多的压力。由此可知，空处所在句是说这项工作要比听上去更难。A项意
为“更困难的”，故A项正确。
方法三 熟词生义需重视
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考完形填空中多次出现的词汇活用现象，这往往也是考生容易忽视的地方。
备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词的生僻意义。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】【典例1】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Finally , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he
_____50_____ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry.
Within seconds, he’d slid down the trunk and was back on the ground.
50．A．backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Ziyad坐在一节树枝上，小心翼翼地将火把靠近蜂巢，对准火把，将烟吹入蜂巢的
一个小孔里。A. backed支持；B. dived跳水；C. shouted对……大声喊叫；D. inched缓慢移动。根据上文
“Reaching them to get the honey is difficult—and often ________”可知，采集蜂蜜是困难且危险的工作，这要求采蜜
的人经验丰富，动作快慢节奏快慢结合，此处指Ziyad小心翼翼地将火把凑近蜂巢，将烟吹入蜂巢中。故选D项。
【熟词新义】inched缓慢移动
【典例2】 (2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷·节选)
In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to
Virginia but they were on a very tight budget. They could not afford to pay for transportation for their dog, Tiffy, and
43 wanted to take her with them.
( )43.A.desperately B.temporarily C.secretly D.originally
43.A 根据前文“…I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws)website from a family in Topeka.”可知,这一家人要搬到弗吉
尼亚州,负担不起狗的运输费用,但极其想带上Tiffy,因此上网发帖求助。desperately极度地; temporarily暂时地;
secretly秘密地; originally最初地。故选A项。
【熟词新义】desperately adv. 不顾一切地；极度地。
【典例3】 (2023·高考全国甲卷·节选)Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it
was perfect.
句中：cloudy意为：浑浊的。
【典例4】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Our 48 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and
nose.
48．A．joys B．ideas
C．roles D．choices
【解析】本题可以利用熟词生义和语境推测法解题。根据下文的 Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing (糖
霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose.可知，“我们”在工厂的职责很简单。role角色(熟义)；职责(生义)。故选C。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】基础过关
（最新模拟试题演练）
1.【2023·河北省衡水中学高三下学期适应性考试】
Every year I’d read over 2,000 college applications from students all over the world. It is quite 41 to choose
whom to admit. 42 ,in the chaos of SAT scores and recommendations, one 43 is always irresistible in a
candidate：kindness.
The most surprising 44 of kindness I’ve ever 45 came from a student who had excellent scores and a
supportive recommendation from his college counselor(顾问).Even with these qualifications, he might not have 46
.But one letter of recommendation caught my eye. It was from a school security 47 .Letters of recommendation are
typically written by people like former presidents, celebrities, and Olympic athletes.
The security guard wrote that he supported this student’s admission because of his 48 . This young man was
the only person in the school who knew the names of every member of the guard staff. He turned off lights in empty rooms,
consistently 49 the hallway monitor each morning and tidied up the classroom after his peers left school 50
nobody was watching. This student, the security guard wrote, had a(n) 51 respect for every person at the school,
regardless of position, popularity or power.
It gave us a 52 onto a student’s life in the moments when nothing “counted”. That student was admitted by
unanimous(一致的)vote of the admissions committee.
Next year there might be a flood of security guard recommendations 53 this essay. But if it means students
will start paying as much 54 to the people who clean their classrooms as they do to their principals and teachers,
I’m happy to help start that 55 .256
41．A．decent B．difficult C．delicate D．desperate
42．A．However B．Otherwise C．Besides D．Therefore
43．A．ability B．quality C．limitation D．assumption
44．A．signal B．image C．appearance D．indication
45．A．come out B．pick up C．come across D．bring up
46．A．stood up B．stood out C．given up D．given out
47．A．guard B．teacher C．principal D．counselor
48．A．wisdom B．bravery C．encouragement D．consideration
49．A．bothered B．answered C．visited D．thanked
50．A．as if B．now that C．even if D．in order that
51．A．demanding B．amusing C．refreshing D．puzzling
52．A．passion B．trouble C．method D．window
53．A．due to B．in need of C．except for D．along with
54．A．money B．notice C．attention D．curiosity
55．A．policy B．trend C．arrangement D．career
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者每年都要审批来自世界各地的2000多份大学申请。要选择
录取谁是相当困难的。然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。一名保
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】安因为一名学生的体贴和尊重而写了一封推荐信。
41．B A. decent体面的；B. difficult困难的；C. delicate脆弱的；D. desperate绝望的。根据上文“Every year I’d
read over 2,000 college applications from students all over the world.(每年我都要阅读来自世界各地的2000多份大学申
请)”可知，申请人很多，所以要选择录取谁是相当困难的。故选B。
42．A然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。A. However然而；B.
Otherwise否则；C. Besides此外；D. Therefore因此。后文“is always irresistible in a candidate”提到了不可抗拒的品
质，与上文很难选择录取谁构成转折关系，应用however。故选A。
43．B然而，在SAT分数和推荐信的混乱中，候选人的一个品质总是不可抗拒的：善良。A. ability能力；B.
quality品质；C. limitation限制；D. assumption假设。后文“is always irresistible in a candidate: kindness”可知，善良
是一种品质。故选B。
44．D我所遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现来自一个成绩优异的学生，他的大学指导老师给他推荐了一封支持性
的信。A. signal信号；B. image图像；C. appearance外表；D. indication表现，指示。根据后文“of kindness”可知，
这里指善良的表现，应用indication。故选D。
45．C我所遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现来自一个成绩优异的学生，他的大学指导老师给他推荐了一封支持性
的信。A. come out出版；B. pick up捡起；C. come across遇见；D. bring up提出。根据上文“of kindness I’ve ever”
可知，这里指作者遇到过的最令人惊讶的善良表现。故选C。
46．B即使有这些资历，他也未必能脱颖而出。A. stood up站立；B. stood out突出；C. given up放弃；D. given out
分发。根据上文“Even with these qualifications, he might not have”可知，有了好的资历，按理说可以在申请人中脱
颖而出，故选B。
47．A A. guard保安；B. teacher老师；C. principal原则；D. counselor顾问。根据后文“The security guard wrote”
可知，信来自学校保安。故选A。
48．D保安写道，出于他的体贴，他支持这名学生入学。A. wisdom智慧；B. bravery勇敢；C. encouragement鼓励；
D. consideration考虑，体贴。根据后文“This young man was the only person in the school who knew the names of
every member of the guard staff.(这个年轻人是学校里唯一一个知道警卫人员名字的人)”可知，学生很体贴，会记住
一个普通人的名字。故选D。
49．D他在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控（总是对着监控致谢），在同学们离开教室后收拾教室，
即使没有人在看。A. bothered打扰；B. answered回答；C. visited参观；D. thanked感谢。根据上文“He turned off
lights in empty rooms, consistently”可知，学生很有礼貌，在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控（总是对
着监控致谢），故选D。
50．C他在空房间里关灯，每天早上总是感谢走廊的监控，在同学们离开教室后收拾教室，即使没有人在看。A.
as if好像；B. now that既然；C. even if即使；D. in order that为了。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，引导让步状
语从句，表示“即使”应用even if。故选C。
51．C保安写道，这个学生对学校里的每个人都有一种令人精神振奋的尊敬，不管他们的地位、声望或权力如何。
A. demanding要求高的；B. amusing有趣的；C. refreshing令人精神振奋的；D. puzzling令人困惑的。根据后文
“respect for every person at the school, regardless of position, popularity or power”可知，这个学生尊重每一个人，对
学校里的每个人都有一种令人精神振奋的尊敬（极其尊重他人），故选C。
52．D它为我们打开了一扇窗，让我们一窥学生生活中那些“无足轻重”的时刻。A. passion激情；B. trouble麻烦；
C. method方法；D. window窗户。根据后文“onto a student’s life”可知，指学生生活的窗口，故选D。
53．A由于这篇文章，明年可能会有大量的保安推荐。A. due to因为；B. in need of需要；C. except for除了；D.
along with和……一起。根据“this essay”可知，明年可能会有大量的保安推荐是因为这封推荐信。故选A。
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】54．C但如果这意味着学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教室的人，我很乐意帮助开启这一趋势。A.
money钱；B. notice通知；C. attention注意力；D. curiosity好奇心。根据后文“to the people who clean their
classrooms”指关注打扫教室的人，短语pay attention to表示“注意”。故选C。
55．B但如果这意味着学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教室的人，我很乐意帮助开启这一趋势。A.
policy政策；B. trend趋势；C. arrangement安排；D. career事业。上文“to the people who clean their classrooms as
they do to their principals and teachers, I’m happy to help start that”提到学生们开始像关注校长和老师一样关注打扫教
室的人，这是一种趋势。故选B。
2.【2023·山东省实验中学高三二模】
As usual, Lily bought expensive gifts for her children Alice and Peter before Christmas. Her job kept her busy, and she
41 got to see her children during weekdays. Being a mother, she always wanted to be 42 her children, but
she placed her 43 first, thinking earning money was more important.
Lily 44 the gifts in secret and decided to give them a day before Christmas since she had to attend a business
meeting the next day. 45 , a day later, the meeting got canceled. Lily was 46 she could spend Christmas
with her family. Therefore, she decided to 47 a party. Lily sent 48 to all her friends and her father-in-
law, Michael. Lily was worried her friends would not feel 49 in the presence of aged people. Later that day, her
children noticed the gifts she had bought. Unexpectedly, neither of them seemed 50 to open the gifts.
On Christmas Eve, Lily 51 her friends into her house. However, she felt 52 when she saw
Michael walking in. On arrival, Michael gave Alice and Peter presents—some cookie molds (模具)! The two kids ran
happily to their grandfather and showed great 53 for his gifts, asking him to bake cookies with them.
All the guests present were moved by the scene. Lily 54 all they want is their parents’ time and 55
not what their parents buy them.
41．A．usually B．rarely C．always D．never
42．A．around B．beyond C．without D．for
43．A．family B．heart C．body D．job
44．A．watched B．laid C．hid D．made
45．A．Fortunately B．Eventually C．Suddenly D．Amusingly
46．A．shocked B．touched C．happy D．free
47．A．attend B．throw C．delay D．rule
48．A．blesses B．regards C．letters D．invitations
49．A．confident B．warm C．relaxed D．cool
50．A．shy B．worried C．easy D．eager
51．A．welcomed B．led C．signaled D．waved
52．A．uncomfortable B．refreshed C．surprised D．calm
53．A．respect B．pity C．enthusiasm D．love
54．A．noticed B．realized C．learned D．witnessed
55．A．money B．passion C．knowledge D．attention
【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了莉莉工作很忙，很少陪孩子，圣诞节来临时，她给孩子们准备了礼
物，但是孩子们对莉莉的礼物并不渴望，而是对爷爷带来的礼物非常感兴趣，这样莉莉意识到孩子们需要的是父
母的时间和关注，而不是给他们买了什么礼物。
41．B A. usually通常；B. rarely很少；C. always总是；D. never从不。根据上文“Her job kept her busy”可知，她的
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】工作很忙，所以很少在工作日见到她的孩子，故选B。
42．A A. around围绕；B. beyond超过；C. without没有；D. for为了。根据上文“Being a mother”和常识可知，作
为妈妈，都想和自己的孩子在一起，故选A。
43．D A. family家庭；B. heart心；C. body身体；D. job工作。根据下文“thinking earning money was more
important”可知，此处是把工作放在第一位，故选D。
44．C A. watched观看；B. laid放置；C. hid隐藏；D. made制造。根据下文“the gifts in secret and decided to give
them a day before Christmas”可知，此处是把礼物藏起来，故选C。
45．A A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Eventually最终；C. Suddenly突然；D. Amusingly有趣地。根据下文“the meeting
got canceled”可知，会议取消了，她可以和孩子一起过圣诞节，所以是幸运地，故选A。
46．C A. shocked震惊的；B. touched感动的；C. happy高兴的；D. free自由的。根据下文“she could spend
Christmas with her family”可知，能和家人一起过圣诞节，应该是高兴的，故选C。
47．B A. attend参加；B. throw举办；C. delay耽搁；D. rule控制。根据下文“a party”可知，她可以和家人一起
过圣诞节，因此是决定举办一个聚会，故选B。
48．D A. blesses祝福；B. regards问候；C. letters信件；D. invitations请柬。根据上文可知，她决定举办一个聚会，
应该是邀请亲戚朋友，故选D。
49．C A. confident有信心的；B. warm温暖的；C. relaxed自在的；D. cool冷静的。根据本句“Lily was worried her
friends would not feel in the presence of aged people.”的语境可知，应该是担心朋友们在老年人面前不自在，
故选C。
50．D A. shy害羞的；B. worried担心的；C. easy容易的；D. eager急切的。根据上文“Later that day, her children
noticed the gifts she had bought.”可知，出乎意料的，孩子们并未着急开礼物，故选D。
51．A A. welcomed欢迎；B. led领导；C. signaled示意；D. waved挥手。根据前文可知，莉莉举办圣诞节派对，
邀请朋友来，所以这里应是欢迎朋友，故选A。
52．A然而，当她看到迈克尔走进来时，她感到很不舒服。A. uncomfortable不舒服的；B. refreshed清爽的；C.
surprised惊讶的；D. calm镇静的。根据下文“The two kids ran happily to their grandfather and showed great
for his gifts, asking him to bake cookies with them.”和下文孩子对自己的礼物并不感兴趣可知，这里是感到不舒服的，
故选A。
53．C 两个孩子高兴地跑到爷爷那里，对爷爷的礼物表现出极大的热情，请爷爷和他们一起烤饼干。A. respect尊
重；B. pity同情；C. enthusiasm热情；D. love爱。根据上文“On arrival, Michael gave Alice and Peter presents —
some cookie molds (模具)! The two kids ran happily to their grandfather”可知，孩子们对爷爷的礼物表现出极大的热情，
故选C。
54．B莉莉意识到他们想要的只是父母的时间和关注，而不是父母给他们买的东西。A. noticed注意；B. realized意
识到；C. learned学习；D. witnessed见证。根据下文“all they want is their parents’ time and not what their
parents buy them.”可知，此处是莉莉最后意识到了孩子需要的是父母的陪伴，故选B。
55．D A. money金钱；B. passion热情；C. knowledge知识；D. attention关注。通读这篇文章可知，孩子们需要的
是父母的时间和关注，而不是给他们买了什么礼物，故选D。
3.【2023·天一大联考广东省高三模拟考试（三）】
After a dolphin was found swimming alone in a creek in Florida, marine biologists formed a human chain to save it.
Dolphins typically travel in 41 called a “school” , although solitary(独自的) dolphins are becoming more
common. This can be a cause for concern because dolphins are naturally sociable creatures, so if they are 42 , they
may turn their attention to human interaction. This in turn can be 43 , both for dolphins and humans.
资料收集整理【淘宝店铺：向阳百分百】
