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考点3 瞻前顾后揣摩语境 --讲考点-胸有成竹
考点3 瞻前顾后揣摩语境
【2023年高考命题预测】
完形填空瞻前顾后揣摩语境考点是高考中的必考点。瞻前顾后揣摩语境考点是完形填空的重要命题手
段，每年高考都考。预测在2023高考中，瞻前顾后揣摩语境会在完形填空试题中呈现。
【完形填空瞻前顾后揣摩语境考点指南】
规律方法：完形填空技巧之瞻前顾后揣摩语境
利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并
不是随心所欲的，命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性，因此考生应该通
过上下文的暗示获取解题信息，因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后，前引后联”，充分利用文章所有
可能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填
空文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性，它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态，并支撑着文意的发展，因此
利用褒贬性语境的情感性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上，
选语气与文章一致的选项。
通过“顾后信息”解题
众所周知，完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”，更不是“独来独往”，所以正确领会和下文情节的发
展发生这样或那样的关系，这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此，考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息，从而
做出正确的选择。
[典例]Joe Simpson and Simon Yates were the first people to climb the West Face of the Siula Grande in the
Andes mountains. They reached the top__21__，but on their way back conditions were very__22__(difficult)．Joe
fell and broke his leg. They both knew that if Simon__23__(continued) alone ， he would probably get
back__24__(safely)．
21．A. hurriedly B．carefully
C．successfully D．early
[剖析]从空后信息寻找解题根据是完形填空题中最常用的解题方法之一。该题空前谈到他们登山，特
别是空后谈到他们返回，只有他们成功地到达山顶才有返回的可能。另外考生需要注意，利用空后信息解
题通常指偏靠前面的题目。
[答案]C
通过“瞻前信息”解题
这种情况多出现在文章展开之后，这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息，设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联
系，这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息，以达到解题的目的。
[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]Once fire and emergency people arrived，Larry and the other man __56__(backed off)
and let them go to work. Then，Larry asked the __57__ if he was needed or __58__(free) to go. They let him andthe other man go.
57．A. woman B．police
C．man D．driver
[剖析]在完形填空的解题中，运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Once fire and
emergency people arrived”可知警察赶到现场。
[答案]B
考例分析：
1.【2022·新高考I】My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten
years.
Some of our ___21___ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little.
21. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
21. C考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的一些记忆很有趣，尤其是在早些年我们的孩子很小的时候。A.
ideas想法；B. jokes笑话；C. memories记忆；D. discoveries发现。根据上文“have had wonderful camping
experiences over the past ten years”以及下文“especially from the early years when our children were little”可推
知，此处指作者认为自己与家人一起冒险的一些记忆是有趣的。故选C。
2.【2022·新高考I】 I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He
was ___24___, and his crying let the whole campground know it.
24. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
24. C考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很不舒服，他的哭声让整个营地都知道了这一点。A. unhurt未受伤的；
B. unfortunate不幸的；C. uncomfortable不舒服的；D. unafraid无所畏惧的。根据上文“I tied a rope around
his waist to keep him near to our spot.”以及下文“his crying let the whole campground know it”可推知，此处指
孩子身上被绑绳子后感觉不舒服，所以才会哭。故选C。
3.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them,
this 25-year-old is doing it ___21___ . She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world,
stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.
21．A．indoors B．online C．single-handed D．full-time
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与他们中的大多数人不同，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项工作。A.
indoors室内；B. online在线的；C. single-handed单手的；D. full-time全职的。根据后文“She and her
husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.(在过去的
两年里，她和她的丈夫周游世界，从巴黎到新加坡都在这里停留)”可知，这位25岁的年轻人全职从事这项
工作。故选D。4.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Throughout their no-cost stays in ___25___ homes, they feed pets and water
plants in the homeowner’s ___26___ .
25．A．strangers’ B．parents’ C．co-workers’ D．neighbors’
26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、
给植物浇水。A. strangers’陌生人的；B. parents’父母的；C. co-workers’同事的；D. neighbors’邻居的。根据
上文可知他们在环球旅行，所以是住在陌生人的家里。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、
给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed pets
and water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
5.【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】But house sitting also offers a level of ___29___ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s
like staying at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
29．A．support B．comfort C．control D．attention
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但照看房子也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。A. support支持；B.
comfort舒适，安慰；C. control控制；D. attention注意力。结合后文提到像住在朋友家，可见照看房子也
能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。故选B。
【试题精练】
1.【河北省保定市 2021-2022学年高三上学期期末】Steve Chu, the restaurant’s owner, read the e-mail and
quickly 24 with an alternative suggestion.
24．A．replied B．declined C．commented D．declared
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：餐馆的主人Steve Chu读了这封邮件，快速地回复了另一个替代性的
建议。A. replied回复；B. declined减少，下降；C. commented评论；D. declared宣布，宣称。根据前文
“read the e-mail”可知，收到邮件，读完邮件后，应回复邮件，故选A。
2.【八省市（湖北省，广东省等）2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】As we progressed to high school, a
couple of girls 43 and a couple of new ones wormed their way in.
43．A．dropped out B．dropped in C．showed up D．showed off
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当我们升入高中时。有几个女生退出了，又有几个女生加入进来。
A. dropped out退学，退出；B. dropped in顺道来访； C. showed up出现；D. showed off炫耀。 根据后文“a couple of new ones wormed their way in”（ 又有几个新家伙加入进来了）可知, 有些人退出, 而有些人加入,
故选A。
3.【广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期12月联合质量测评】To Williams, the solution was simple:
Give kids books. In 2017, as part of a civic event called Engage Dan-ville, she donated 900 used children’s books
over three days. Most people would be 26 with that. “I was like, ‘Anybody could do that,’” she said. “I
wanted to do something that’s going to stretch my faith, my work ethic, my everything.”
26．A．satisfied B．strict C．familiar D．honest
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大多数人都会对此感到满意。A. satisfied满意的；B. strict严格的；
C. familiar熟悉的；D. honest诚实的。 根据前文可知，她在三天内捐赠了900本书，大部分人都会对此行
动感动满意的。故选A。
4.【福建省“永安一中、德化一中”两校2020-2021学年高中毕业班联考】
Night fell. Falter returned home, teary-eyed and 21 . The 33-year-old professional photographer had just run
from one end of Hawail’s Waimea Bay, to the other, looking for his “baby”, a custom-made blue surfboard.
21．A．puzzled B．exhausted C．refreshed D．scared
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Falter回到家里，泪眼婆娑，筋疲力尽。A. puzzled迷惑的；B.
exhausted筋疲力尽的；C. refreshed焕然一新的；D. scared害怕的。根据下文“just run from one end of
Hawaii’s Waimea Bay, to the other”可知，Falter从夏威夷的这一端跑到另一端，他跑得筋疲力尽了。故选
B。
5.【广东省肇庆市2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次模拟】
It’s the textbook beginning of a nightmare:lost on a hiking track, with no water, and an injured dog too heavy
to carry. 21 , for the family of three this story happened to, they 22 a kind-hearted boy.
21．A．Originally B．Obviously C．Actually D．Fortunately
22．A．crashed into B．ran into C．consulted with D．spoke with
【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于这个故事发生的三口之家来说，他们偶然碰见了一个
善良的男孩。A. Originally原来；B. Obviously显然；C. Actually 实际上；D. Fortunately 幸运地。根据前
文的“It’s the textbook beginning of a nightmare:lost on a hiking track, with no water, and an injured dog too
heavy to carry.（这是一场噩梦的教科书式开始：在没有水的徒步轨道上迷路，一只受伤的狗太重而无法携带）”可知，两人一狗在陷入困境的时候，遇到了帮助他们的人是一件幸运的事。故选D。
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：幸运的是，对于这个故事发生的三口之家来说，他们偶然碰见了一个
善良的男孩。A. crashed into闯入；B.ran into偶然碰见；C. consulted with商量；D.spoke with和……谈话。
根据下文第三段第二句“That’s when they met 12-year-old David King and his mom Christine.（就在那时，他
们遇到了12岁的David King和他的妈妈Christine）”可知，他们遇上了 David。故选B。
