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考点4 生活常识和文化背景 --讲考点-胸有成竹
考点4 生活常识和文化背景
考点1生活常识
人文情怀
考点2文化背景
【2022年完形填空生活常识和文化背景考点归纳】
考点
生活常识和文化背景
题型
试卷类型 完形填空 考点
2022·新高考I卷 32. D. helplessly 生活常识
2
0 2022·新高考I卷 29. A. wind 生活常识
完形填空
2
2022·新高考全国Ⅱ C．vacation 生活常识
2
2022·新高考全国Ⅱ D．absence 生活常识
2022·全国高考甲卷 C. companionship 生活常识
【2023年高考命题预测】
生活常识和文化背景 生活常识和文化背景
完形填空 考点是高考中的重要考点。 考点是完
生活常识和文化背景可能
形填空的重要命题手段，每年高考都考。预测在2023高考中， 会在完形
填空试题中呈现。
【完形填空生活常识和文化背景考点指南】
规律方法：完形填空技巧之生活常识和文化背景
跨文化思考意识是中学英语《新课程标准》中要求的基本准则之一。因此考生在备考过程中，应该有
意识地利用有关资料，了解一些有关中西方文化差异的知识来完善自己的知识系统。完形填空题中有时就
渗透着相关的，如科学、历史、文化、风俗民情等方面的知识。如果考生掌握了丰富的文化背景知识和生
活常识，就具备了一定的判断能力，可以大大简化复杂的分析过程和判断过程。这就要求考生平时既要多
体验生活，又要扩大阅读面，增强自己这方面的知识储备，避免常识性错误。同时，还要注意中西方文化
的差异，避免出现汉语式表达或理解。
完形填空题所选的文章多是具有一定故事情节和教育意义的记叙文，这些语篇都非常贴近学生的生活，
涉及日常生活常识的试题就在所难免。所以考生在解题时，可以根据这些常识做出正确选择。完形填空的语篇信息常交织渗透着各类相关的文化背景知识：有些选项的设置与文化背景有关，这就
要求考生有较宽的知识面，同时具备一定的文化意识，特别要有对英语国家文化的敏感性和鉴别力，只有
这样才能既快又准确地解题。
考例分析：
1.【2022·新高考I卷】We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there
____32____, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were safe.
32. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
32. D考查副词词义辨析。句意：当我们无助地坐在那里时，一个渔夫停了下来，扔给我们一根绳子并把我
们拖了回来。A. patiently耐心地；B. tirelessly不知疲倦地；C. doubtfully怀疑地；D. helplessly无助地。根
据上文“We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.”可推知，此处指在天气恶劣的情况下船无
法启动了，作者与家人十分无助地坐着。故选D。
2.【2022·新高考I卷】The ___29___ picked up and thunder rolled.
29. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
29. A考查名词词义辨析。句意：狂风大作，雷声隆隆。A. wind风；B. noise噪音；C. temperature温度；D.
speed速度。根据上文“storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指大风刮了起来。故选A。
3.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this
25-year-old is doing it full-time. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping
everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive ___22___ , but the couple has an
unusual way to make their travel affordable.
22．A．game B．service C．vacation D．procedure
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式
让他们的旅行负担得起。A. game游戏；B. service服务；C. vacation假期；D. procedure手续。结合上文可
知Jessica在环球旅行，所以是假期。故选C。
【提示】25岁进行为期2年的旅行，根据常识应该是度假。不然25岁的年轻人要工作。
4.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ】They’re part of a new form of the sharing economy: an online group of house sitters.
Throughout their no-cost stays in strangers’ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s
___26___ .
26．A．favor B．defense C．honor D．absence
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们免费住在陌生人家里的过程中，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、
给植物浇水。A. favor帮助；B. defense防御；C. honor荣誉；D. absence缺席。根据上文“they feed petsand water plants in the homeowner’s”指在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。故选D。
【提示】根据常识，只有主人不在家时，才能给他们浇花、为宠物。故选absence。
5.【2022·全国甲卷】For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their ___ 4 1___ was
nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay.
41. A. ownership B. membership C. companionship D. leadership
41. C它们的陪伴几乎足以让我远离孤独。A. ownership所有权；B. membership会员；C. companionship陪
伴；D. leadership领导。根据上文中的“For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. 多年
来，我喜欢和我的狗Tilly和Chance生活在一起，可知，狗狗陪伴着作者，让作者远离孤独。故选C。
【提示】养狗作伴远离孤独是常识。
【试题精练】
1.【辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次考试】When I tried to download the
older version again, it wouldn’t work. Then there were the difficulties of transferring all of my old stories that I had
25 on a USB drive.
25．A．hired B．cleaned C．rejected D．saved
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，把我保存在USB驱动器上的所有旧故事转移到电脑上也很困难。
A. hired雇佣；B. cleaned打扫；C. rejected拒绝；D. saved保存。由下文的“on a USB drive”和常识可知，
USB驱动器是用来保存资料信息的。故选D项。
2.【河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三上学期摸底】But instead of leting the man go, she insist that if his bill
wasn't going to be paid in full, the electricity company would probably give a 29 on next electricity bill for
the unpaid fee. It meant he would pay more the next time.
29．A．call B．fine C．discount D．favour
【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她并没有放他走，而是坚持说，如果他家的电费不能全部被付清，
电力公司可能会针对未支付的费用，在他的下一次电费账单上罚款。A. call呼叫；B. fine罚款；C. discount
折扣；D. favour偏爱、赞同、善行。根据上一题内容并结合生活常识可知，女士表示如果不付清电费，将
会被罚款。故选B项。
3.【河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末】Brandon invited Chu to join them for dinner, but he
needed to get back. Chu also wouldn’t accept any 34 from them. “It was a（n）honor to help fulfill their
wishes.” Chu says.34．A．congratulation B．proposal C．generosity D．money
【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，Chu也不会收他们的钱。A. congratulation祝贺，庆贺；B.
proposal建议；C. generosity慷慨；D. money钱。根据常识可知，Chu是开餐馆的，通常给别人做菜后，别
人应该要付钱，但Chu不会收他们的钱，故选D。
4.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021-2022学年高三上学期1月质量检测】
My interviews with all those famous people are significant to me, but another personal interview meant even
more.
I regretted not learning more about the childhood of my parents and their siblings(兄弟姐妹), so a few years
ago, I interviewed my only living uncle, 80-year-old Uncle Joe. He sat in his living room chair, and I 23
my equipment, asking questions like “What was it like growing up in the Great Depression?” and “What did you
do for fun as a boy?”
23．A．gave away B．took away C．set up D．packed up
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他坐在客厅的椅子上，我摆好了设备，问了一些问题，比如“在大萧
条中长大是什么感觉？”还有“你小时候做了什么好玩的事？”A. gave away赠送，泄露；B. took away带
走；C. set up建立，搭建；D. packed up打包。结合常识和“my equipment”可知，采访需要摆好（搭建）设
备。故选C。
5.【江西省吉安市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末】A plane was flying somewhere to cut an abandoned oil
pipeline, The pilot Downs 21 eight employees of the oil company and a man named Eliot on board.
21．A．hired B．visited C．carried D．telephoned
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：飞机上有飞行员Downs、八名石油公司员工和一名名叫Eliot的男子。
A. hired雇佣；B. visited拜访，参观；C. carried携带，拿；D. telephoned打电话。根据常识，飞机上应该
是载有多少乘客，这里的carry理解为“载有”。故选C项。
