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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清
阅读理解之词句猜测题解读
1
考点复习
【题型解读】
英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分
五类：（1）旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the
nation’s most famous car race is held each year on May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在
此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举行的地方，可推断 course在该句是“车道”或“跑道”
的意思。（2）合成词、转化词与派生词，如 shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-
thinking，imperfect等；（3）“灵活”的常用词增多，这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；
（4）“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些词有些带有一定的文化背景（5）超纲生词。
猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下
文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因
果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
近年来，词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材
背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几
年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语
法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题趋势】
1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成
熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确
定词义的具体内容。
3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及
事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
The underlined word “…” in the second(third…) paragraph refers to(means) ______.By saying “…” in the first(second…) paragraph, the author means that ______.
In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
The meaning of “…” in paragraph… is related to ______.
Which of the following has the closest meaning to…(paragraph…)?
The underlined sentence in the … paragraph probably means that _____.
【解答攻略】
词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些
猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，
切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：
unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，
预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
【典例示例】
…Baker concludes that people do not have the ability to sense when they’re being stared at. If people doubt
the outcome of his two experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see for themselves.”
…
70. The underlined word “outcome” in the last paragraph most probably means .
A. value B. result
C. performance D. connection
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组come out 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的
语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生
词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或
or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它
的大致词义。
【典例示例】
…Fermat’s Last Theorem（定理）, first put forward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in theseventeenth century, the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French woman
scientists who made a major advance in working out the problem, and who had to dress like a man in order to be
able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique. …
65. Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. To encourage people to raise questions.
B. To cause difficulty in understanding.
C. To provide a person with an explanation.
D. To limit people’s imagination.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中
beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出 baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的
意思。
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系
可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、
后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【典例示例】
...A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio,
an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. …
74.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thought.
C. A situation causing difficulty or trouble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定doesn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，
又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, trouble相近。答案
为C。
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上
下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
【典例示例】【2019·天津卷，D】
Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle
against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison.
Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.
The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was
Cervantes，and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why
do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？
We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about
those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on
growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.
……
52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？
A. End one’s struggle for liberty.
B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D. Lose the interest to continue learning.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because
they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的
不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知 run out of steam可知，停止学习，
故选D。
5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并
加以解释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
“Organic produce is always better, ” Gold said. “The food is free of pesticides (农药), and you are generally
supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally (本地)grown and seasonal, soit is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend, and supermarkets
across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business.
62. What is the meaning of “the organic trend” as the words are used in the text?
A. Growing interest in organic food.
B. Better quality of organic food.
C. Rising market for organic food.
D. Higher prices of organic food.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying something 可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像
Gold一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though,
although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than,
for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【典例示例】
…However obvious these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually not so obvious as they seem
except when we take special pains to think about the subject.
…
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” probably means “_____”.
A. try very hard B. take our time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
【答案析】A
【解析】由However从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，
既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。
7．利用经验和常识猜词
【典例示例】
…“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights
and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the
highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and
began passing cars on the shoulder.”
63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ .A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。
2
能力强化
1
（2022·河南·模拟预测）It’s hard to overstate just how much Writer’s Digest has survived to make it to its
centennial. The Great Depression. World War II. The many wars and societal revolutions of the ’50s, ’60s, and ’70s.
The technological revolution and the creation of the internet. The shift from being family-owned business to a
corporation with investors. And most recently, global pandemic(流行病).
It is because WD survived all that, that I view this anniversary issue as a love letter to every single person who
has contributed to keeping WD alive over these amazing, and tough, and change-filled 100 years. Thank you to the
Rosenthal family for starting a magazine—a community—like this. To the publishers, editors, and all the other
behind--the-scenes folks who made sure each issue over the many decades was the best it could be, thank you for
your hard work and long hours. To the absolutely incomparable list of writers who shared their wisdom, insights,
and encouragement: This magazine was made better by your contributions.
But most of all, this is a love letter to our readers. You give the magazine purpose and the motivation to keep
going. Without you, WD wouldn’t exist, so on behalf of all the current and former WD staffers, we offer our
sincerest thanks.
You’ll see a collection of new columns coming in 2021. We are thrilled to have Bryan Washington, award-
winning author of the short story collection Lot and the new novel Memorial, as our first guest columnist. The WD
team started planning this issue more than a year ago and putting it together has been a joy. We hope you find as
much pleasure and inspiration in reading it as we found in creating it. See you in year 101.
1. What does the underlined word “centennial” mean?
A. The first publication. B. The collection version.
C. The 100th anniversary. D. The opening ceremony.
2. What do we know about Writer’s Digest from the text?
A. It has a long list of guest columnists.
B. It was once a family-owned business.
C. It is financially supported by the community.D. It contributed to the technological revolution.
3. What can we infer about the author?
A. She used to be a novelist. B. She is with Writer’s Digest
C. She was a business owner. D. She is one hundred years old.
4. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the text?
A. To express gratitude. B. To promote sales.
C. To introduce a magazine. D. To employ new staff.
【答案与解析】这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了Writer’s Digest杂志庆祝创刊100周年，对读者和所有支持这
本杂志的人表示感谢。
1. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It is because WD survived all that, that I view this anniversary issue as a love
letter to every single person who has contributed to keeping WD alive over these amazing, and tough, and change-
filled 100 years.”（正是因为Writer’s Digest幸免于难，我将这个周年纪念日视为致每位个人的情书，这些
人是的Writer’s Digest历经了100年的艰辛依然顽强存活着。）以及第一段中“It’s hard to overstate just
how much Writer’s Digest has survived to make it to its centennial.”（很难描述Writer’s Digest生存了多少年，
以迎接centennial华诞。）可推知Writer’s Digest迎接的是100周年纪念。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The shift from being family-owned business to a corporation with investors.”
（从家族企业转变为有投资者的公司。）可知Writer’s Digest过去曾经是家族企业。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But most of all, this is a love letter to our readers. You give the magazine
purpose and the motivation to keep going.”（但最重要的是，这是给读者的一封情书。 您赋予杂志以继续前
进的目的和动力。）可推知作者就职于Writer’s Digest。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thank you to the Rosenthal family for starting a magazine—a community—like
this. To the publishers, editors, and all the other behind--the-scenes folks who made sure each issue over the many
decades was the best it could be, thank you for your hard work and long hours.”（感谢Rosenthal家人创建这样
的杂志。 对于出版商，编辑者以及所有其他后面的人——幕后工作人员，他们确保数十年来的每一期都
是最好的，感谢您的辛勤工作和辛苦的工作。）可知作者写这篇文章的目的是为了表达感谢。故选A项。
2
（2022·安徽·模拟预测）After written art had to fight a tough battle for attraction during the first decade of
social media, owing to a certain group of writers, it is now on a significant rise. How Instagram and Twitter have
offered jumpstarts to careers of authors like Dean Cocozza sets a blueprint for thousands of ambitious writers.
Cocozza started writing lyrics for his music as a teenager. He immediately had to experience that translatingart to social media is not as simple as posting whatever his pen put down.
“Anyone who uses the platform with an intent will quickly learn that you only have the glimpse of a moment
to catch the viewer’s attention. So the work I shared shifted to be more to the point, often one-liners. Then stuff
started to go viral.”
The success and demand for more poems resulted in his first book Zero Dark Thirty, which sold out quickly.
Despite the book containing mostly short writings, even said one-liners, Cocozza emphasizes that he doesn’t write
for social media. “It was a very personal project resulting from a certain period of time” in his life. There are much
bigger things that he works on and plans to get involved in.
Dean Cocozza has brought back emotional depth. In-between monetized (货币化的) content, blatant (明目张
胆的) advertising and “perfect lives”, social media holds a spot for a new generation of artists, including literature.
Critical thinkers and authentic writers remind the app’s consumers of their emotional human nature. Art galleries
and bookstores might have lost a big part of their audience to digital media — but the art itself will always find
ways to survive.
5. What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Written art. B. A tough battle. C. Social media. D. A group of writers.
6. What challenged Cocozza when he began to translate art to social media?
A. To earn a living. B. To draw readers’ attention.
C. To protect his personal life. D. To show emotional depth.
7. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Works with emotional depth are widely accepted on social media.
B. People with perfect lives like social media better.
C. Art galleries and bookstores will soon disappear.
D. Arts of emotion depth still hold value on social media.
8. What’s the author’s attitude towards art in the future?
A. Positive. B. Carefree. C. Doubtful. D. Disapproving.
【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。社交媒体的发展为艺术带来了巨大的冲击，艺术家们对此进行了艰苦的
斗争，Dean Cocozza作为其中的代表之一，成功地将艺术翻译到社交媒体上并受到了很多关注，给艺术带
来了新的生机。
5. 词句猜测题。根据第一段第一句中的“After written art had to fight a tough battle for attraction during the
first decade of social media(在社交媒体出现的头十年里，书法为吸引眼球进行了一场艰苦的战斗)”可知，it是指书法。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Anyone who uses the platform with an intent will quickly learn that you
only have the glimpse of a moment to catch the viewer’s attention.(任何有意使用这个平台的人都会很快发现，
你只有一瞬间的时间来吸引观众的注意力)”可知，当Cocozza开始将艺术翻译到社交媒体上时，吸引读者
的注意力对他来说是个挑战。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Dean Cocozza has brought back emotional depth. (Dean Cocozza带回
了情感深度)”和第三句“Critical thinkers and authentic writers remind the app’s consumers of their emotional
human nature. (批判性思考者和真正的作家提醒应用的消费者他们的情感本质)”可知，情感深度艺术在社交
媒体上仍然有价值。故选D。
8. 观点态度题。根据最后一段最后一句“Art galleries and bookstores might have lost a big part of their
audience to digital media — but the art itself will always find ways to survive. (画廊和书店的很大一部分观众可
能被数字媒体夺走——但艺术本身总会找到生存之道)”可知，作者对艺术的未来持积极乐观的态度。故选
A。
3
（2022·江苏南京·二模）Streaming (流媒体) first became popular in 2005, thanks to YouTube. Nowadays
nearly three quarters of American households subscribe to at least one video streaming service. With almost 200
million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid
service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video. But for every Goliath, there are a hundred Davids. Many smaller streaming
services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese anime (动画片).
In the early days of steaming the appeal was the lower cost, and it still is. The average streamer spends $37 a
month (and subscribes to three streaming platform, while the average cable (有线电视) user pays more than $200
per month. Still streaming has become more expensive in recent years. In 2019, Netflix raised the price of its basic
service 12.5 percent, to $8.99 a month. A quarter of is subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would
cancel their subscriptions. Few did.
A major reason: Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series, including
recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, and last year, Netflix received more Oscar
nominations (提名) than any other media company. In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least
for this year. Usually only films shown in theaters are considered, but because of the coronavirus, all movies
released online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney,
which is putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service, Disney+. But watching Mulanfrom your own home will cost $29.99---on top of the service's monthly fee of $6.99.
Too much streaming can have its disadvantages, however. There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-
Webster added in 2017 with the definition “to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end." Alejandro
Fragoso from New York holds the Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours.
9. What do the underlined words “Goliath" and “David" in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A. TV viewers. B. TV programs.
C. Streaming subscribers. D. Streaming services.
10. Why did most Netflix subscribers continue their subscriptions?
A. They cannot go without it.
B. They think the low cost is a thing of the past.
C. Netflix has controlled the market.
D. They think it is good value for money.
11. What does the good news in Paragraph 3 mean to Disney?
A. The movie Mulan can be released on Disney+.
B. The movie Mulan will generate great profits.
C. The movie Mulan can compete for an Oscar.
D. The movie Mulan will win an Oscar award.
12. What do binge-watchers tend to do?
A. They start a new life. B. They watch TV series continuously.
C. They break world records. D. They watch TV series aimlessly
【答案与解析】本文为说明文。本文介绍了流媒体在美国的发展。
9. 词义猜测题。根据第一段“With almost 200 million subscribers worldwide and a billion hours of content
viewed each week, Netflix is by far the biggest paid service. No. 2 is Amazon Prime Video.( Netflix在全球拥有近
2亿用户，每周有10亿小时的内容浏览量，是目前为止最大的付费服务提供商。排名第二的是亚马逊
Prime Video。)”和“Many smaller streaming services show nothing but sports, classic movies, or Japanese
anime(许多小型流媒体服务只播放体育、经典电影或日本动漫)”可知，在排名一、二的Netflix和亚马逊这
样的流媒体服务商之外，有许多小型的流媒体服务接踵而至，因此“Goliath" 和 “David"在此处代指流媒
体服务，故选D。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段“A quarter of is subscribers, who protested price increases, said they would cancel
their subscriptions. Few did.( 四分之一的订阅者抗议价格上涨，并表示他们将取消订阅。很少这样做的。)”
和第三段“A major reason: Streaming networks have become home to many of the most popular TV series,including recent Emmy winners. They offer full-length feature films as well, …. (一个主要原因是:流媒体网络已
经成为许多最受欢迎的电视剧的发源地，包括最近的艾美奖得主。他们也提供完整长度的电影，……).”可
知，大多数Netflix用户继续订阅是因为流媒体网络已经成为许多受欢迎的电视、电影的片源地，他们认为
物有所值，故选D。
11. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Netflix received more Oscar nominations (提名) than any other media company.
In fact, streaming has changed the Oscar competition, at least for this year.( Netflix 获得的奥斯卡提名比其他任
何媒体公司都多。事实上，流媒体已经改变了奥斯卡竞赛，至少今年是这样。)”和“all movies released
online in 2020 are qualified for the 2021 Academy Awards. That shift is especially good news for Disney, which is
putting the much anticipated movie Mulan on its new streaming service, Disney+.( 2020 年在网上上映的所有电
影都有资格获得2021年奥斯卡奖。这一转变对迪士尼来说尤其是个好消息，该公司正将备受期待的电影
《花木兰》(Mulan)放到其新的流媒体服务Disney+上)”可知，对迪斯尼来说的好消息是电影《花木兰》可
以角逐奥斯卡奖了，故选C。
12. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“There are those who binge-watch, a term Merriam-Webster added in 2017 with
the definition “to watch many or all episodes of (a TV series) on end." Alejandro Fragoso from New York holds the
Guinness World Record: 94 straight hours. (韦氏词典在2017年增加了“binge-watch(刷剧)”一词，指“一口气
看完(电视剧)很多集或所有集”。来自纽约的Alejandro Fragoso保持着连续94小时的吉尼斯世界纪录。)”
可知，binge-watchers倾向于不停刷剧，故选B。
4
（2022·河南·鹤壁高中模拟预测）It’s been nearly two decades since the traditional clothing style Hanfu first
started to re-emerge in China. Since then it has gone from a small cultural movement celebrating an ancient fashion
to a trend that is booming on social media, having been adopted by China’ s Generation Z as a means of connecting
with their past. Instead of following other cultures blindly, Generation Z now have different opinions about what
trend is by promoting local culture while having an objective view of exotic cultural products.
The new tastes of Generation Z — young people born after 1995 — are well represented on Bilibili. In the
recent New Year’s Eve gala presented by Bilibili, it attracted more than 100 million views within 48 hours with a
colorful set of programs ranging from Peking Opera to classical Chinese cartoon. The same is also true of movie
industry. Last year, for the first time, the top 10 most viewed films in China were all domestic films, while the
ticket sales for imported films have dropped to only 16.28 percent.
“Generation Z grew up with the rapid development of China and under good economic conditions. With the
development of the Chinese Internet industry, they have more access to diverse international information andculture, which bring them a much broader vision and makes them more open and confident in analyzing foreign
culture. Apart from taking pride in China’ s rapid development, this generation also pursues individuality and
values devotion to the country.”
Professor Zhang Yiwu said. He also noted that the popular rock and punk culture pursued by the 70s and 80s
generation is more of a challenge against real life and local culture. Some people who were born in the 1970s and
1980s did not grow up in the Internet age — they experienced the transformation of China going from poor to rich
first-hand. This kind of longing and admiration of the West came from a lack of confidence.
However, the Generation Z now have the confidence to look at Western culture with equal status. This kind of
cultural confidence will result in China being more active and creative in its development on the international stage
in the future.
13. What does the underlined word “exotic” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. Foreign. B. Fashionable. C. Traditional. D. Dominant.
14. Why is Bilibili mentioned in paragraph 2?
A. To confirm the rise of new media.
B. To promote Chinese Internet industry.
C. To be compared with the movie industry.
D. To highlight the popularity of domestic art.
15. What do we know about Generation Z from the text?
A. They have a stronger cultural identity.
B. They are longing for cultural diversity.
C. They have made China develop rapidly.
D. They have more sense of individuality.
16. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Confident China, Better Future
B. China’s Progress Results in Cultural Confidence
C. China’s New Generation Redefine Local Culture as Trendy
D. Hanfu Style, Connector of Ancient Fashion and Modern Trend
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。中国新一代重新定义本土文化为潮流，他们有更强的文化认同。
13. 词义猜测题。根据前半句“Instead of following other cultures blindly, Generation Z now have different
opinions about what trend is by promoting local culture”（与盲目追随其他文化不同，Z一代现在通过推广当
地文化对什么是潮流有不同的看法）和while表示对比可知，exotic cultural products是指外来文化产品。所以exotic和foreign词义相近。故选A。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The new tastes of Generation Z — young people born after 1995 — are
well represented on Bilibili.”（在哔哩哔哩上，95后的Z一代的新口味得到了很好的体现。）和第二句“In
the recent New Year' s Eve gala presented by Bilibili, it attracted more than 100 million views within 48 hours with
a colorful set of programs ranging from Peking Opera to classical Chinese cartoon. ”（在哔哩哔哩最近的除夕晚
会上，它在48小时内吸引了超过1亿人次的观看，节目从京剧到中国古典卡通。）可知，第二段提到哔哩
哔哩，是为了突出传统艺术的受欢迎的程度。故选D。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Apart from taking pride in China’ s rapid development, this generation
also pursues individuality and values devotion to the country.”（这一代人除了为中国的快速发展感到自豪外，
还追求个性，重视对国家的奉献。）和最后一段第一句“However, the Generation Z now have the confidence
to look at Western culture with equal status. ”（然而，Z一代现在有信心以平等的地位看待西方文化。）可知，
Z一代有更强的文化认同。故选A。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第一段第二句“Since then it has gone from a small cultural movement celebrating an
ancient fashion to a trend that is booming on social media, having been adopted by China’ s Generation Z as a
means of connecting with their past. ”（从那以后，它就从一场庆祝古老时尚的小型文化运动发展成了社交媒
体上蓬勃发展的一股潮流，被中国的Z一代作为一种与过去联系的方式。）可知，文章主要是讲中国新一
代重新定义本土文化为潮流。故选C。
5
（2022·天津·模拟预测）It was late, about 10:15 p.m. Janice Esposito got off the train at Bellport, New York,
went to her car and started driving home. She was so familiar with the route that she almost drove automatically:
turned left to the Station Road, then another left onto Montauk Highway, and then — bam! When Esposito’s car
had just crossed the railroad tracks, it hit another vehicle and was plashed back onto the tracks. Injured but mostly
shocked by the crash and by the airbags that popped up, she was stuck in the vehicle.
As it happened, Pete Dipinto was just about to go to sleep when he heard a sharp noise and saw the accident
not far outside his bedroom window. As a volunteer firefighter and retired teacher, Dipinto who was 65, fetched a
flashlight and rushed out without hesitation. “Any firefighter would have done what I did. We're always on duty.”
he said.
At first, he spoiled the other car in the accident. After making sure that the driver was all right, Dipinto looked
around and discovered Esposito’s car straddling (跨立于) the railway tracks. And then he heard die bell ring, which
signaled a train’s arrival.Dipinto rushed to Esposito’s car and broke the window on the driver’s side. Esposito looked up at him, with
her eyes glazing over, “I don't know where I am.” she said.
“You’re on the railroad tracks,” Dipinto yelled. “I have to get you off right now!” The train was running
toward them at a speed of some 105, kilometers per hour. The driver’s door cannot be opened due to the collision,
so Dipinto quickly ran to the other side and managed to open the door. He put the airbags aside, seized her arms,
pulled her toward him across the passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to safety as swiftly as
possible. Several seconds later, the train crashed into the vehicle. It was like a Hollywood movie, Dipinto told
reporters the next day.
“Last night?” said Gregory Miglino Jr. Chief of the Department in South Country Ambulance, the hero arrived
in pajamas (睡衣), not in a fire truck.”
17. What can we know about the accident from Paragraph 1?
A. Esposito’s car hit another vehicle.
B. Esposito drove too fast.
C. Esposito didn’t know the route well.
D. A running train crashed into Esposito’s car.
18. How was Janice Esposito right after the accident?
A. She felt all right.
B. She was badly hurt.
C. She got stuck in the car.
D. She completely lost her consciousness.
19. What does the underlined word “collision” mean in Paragraph 5?
A. Moving object crashes into something.
B. To be moving slowly in the same direction.
C. A strong disagreement between two groups.
D. An idea occurs when two different cultures conflict.
20. How was Janice Esposito rescued from her car?
A. Through the window on the driver’s side.
B. Through the door on the driver’s side.
C. Through the window on the passenger’s side.
D. Through the door on the passenger’s side.
21. What did Gregory Miglino Jr. mean by “the hero arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck”?A. Dipinto was not a professional firefighter.
B. Dipinto rushed to save life without thinking about himself.
C. Dipinto was a special firefighter who liked wearing pajamas.
D. Dipinto was unable to find a fire truck when the accident happened.
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Janice Esposito的车撞上了另一辆车，又被甩回了铁轨上，
受了伤被困在了车里。65岁的志愿消防员Dipinto不顾自己，冲过去把Janice Esposito救了出来的故事。
17. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“When Esposito’s car had just crossed the railroad tracks, it hit another
vehicle and was plashed back onto the tracks.”（Esposito的车刚穿过铁轨，就撞上了另一辆车，又被甩回了铁
轨上。）可知，事故的原因是Esposito的车撞了另一辆车。故选A项。
18. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Injured but mostly shocked by the crash and by the airbags that popped up,
she was stuck in the vehicle.”（她受伤了，但主要是被碰撞和弹出的安全气囊所惊吓，她被困在车里。）可
知，Esposito在事故中被困在了车里。故选C项。
19. 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“The driver’s door cannot be opened due to the collision, so Dipinto
quickly ran to the other side and managed to open the door.（由于碰撞，驾驶员的车门无法打开，因此Dipinto
迅速跑到另一边，设法打开车门。）”可推知，collision意为“碰撞”。故选A项。
20. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“He put the airbags aside, seized her arms, pulled her toward him across the
passenger seat until finally got her out and walked her to safety as swiftly as possible.（他把安全气囊放在一边，
抓住她的胳膊，把她从乘客座位上拉到自己身边，直到最后把她救了出来，并尽快把她带到安全的地
方。）”可知，Esposito被从乘客座位那边的门救了出来。故选D项。
21. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“As it happened, Pete Dipinto was just about to go to sleep when he heard a
sharp noise and saw the accident not far outside his bedroom window. As a volunteer firefighter and retired teacher,
Dipinto who was 65, fetched a flashlight and rushed out without hesitation.（事情发生时，Pete Dipinto刚要睡觉，
突然听到一阵刺耳的声音，并看到事故发生在离他卧室窗户不远的地方。现年 65岁的DiPinto是一名志愿
消防员和退休教师，他拿起手电筒，毫不犹豫地冲了出去。）”可推知，“这位英雄是穿着睡衣来的，而
不是坐着消防车”意为DiPinto不顾自己，冲过去救人。故选B项。
6
（2022·吉林长春·三模）The icy beauty of the Arctic attracts thousands of visitors every year to see its
wonderful wildlife, landscape and local cultures. Visitors can take ships on a voyage along the Arctic Ocean or take
flights to cities along the Arctic edge. No matter how one gets there, they should wear warm clothes and get ready
to take in the attractions.“Travelling to the Arctic leaves an unforgettable impression on the visitor. Its vast expanse and the fragility of
its environment are two things that really blow away people,” said Cheryl Rosa, the director of the US Arctic
Research Commission.
Visitors to the Arctic Circle will have a lot of activities to choose from if they want to see all that the region
has to offer. Hiking with snowshoes, dog sledding and kayaking are common activities. Visitors with sharp eyes are
likely to spot polar bears. To get even closer to the animals of the sea, visitors can go polar snorkeling with seals.
Of course, Arctic adventures aren't complete without viewing the wonders of the Arctic Circle's large glaciers and
icebergs as well.
One of the most impressive attractions and maybe the most difficult to see is the Northern Lights, one of the
seven natural wonders of the world. They are natural lights that glow a brilliant green and light up the horizon.
Sometimes they appear as waves that dance across the sky in different colors.
The best places to view the Northern Lights are in Northern Norway, Sweden's Abisko National Park , Iceland,
America's Alaska or Canada's Yukon, according to space.com. Charles Deehr, an expert at the University of Alaska
Fairbanks' Geophysical Institute , recommended planning a trip between winter and spring, especially when there is
a new moon.
Even though the Arctic is a popular tourist destination, don't forget that people live here too. “It is
recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are respectful of Arctic residents (居民) and their culture,” said
Rosa. “Too many people can disturb the small villages. Finding tour groups that work with local communities is
important.”
22. The underlined part “blow away” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”.
A. defeat B. affect C. move D. impress
23. What can we know about the Northern Lights?
A. They only produce green light at night.
B. They are natural lights and hard to see.
C. They seldom occur between winter and spring.
D. The best time to view them is when there is a full moon.
24. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Tour groups are not welcome among Arctic residents.
B. The Arctic's population has been rising in recent years.
C. Visitors should choose suitable tour groups when visiting.D. Tour groups should get permission from local communities.
25. What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?
A. To inform visitors of local culture.
B. To recommend some activities to visitors.
C. To introduce a popular tourist destination.
D. To share a travel experience in the Arctic.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对北极美妙的野生动物、风景和当地文化进行了介绍。
22. 词句猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Travelling to the Arctic leaves an unforgettable impression on the visitor.
(北极之旅给来访者留下了难忘的印象)”可知，此处是指北极的广阔和它脆弱的环境是最令人印象深刻的。
所以blow away意为“令……印象深刻”。故选D。
23. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“One of the most impressive attractions and maybe the most difficult to
see is the Northern Lights, one of the seven natural wonders of the world. (北极光是世界七大自然奇观之一，它
是最令人印象深刻的景点之一，也许也是最难看到的)”可知，北极光是自然光，很难看到。故选B。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“It is recommended that visitors go with tour groups that are respectful
of Arctic residents (居民) and their culture(建议游客选择尊重北极居民及其文化的旅游团)”和最后一句
“Finding tour groups that work with local communities is important. (找到与当地社区合作的旅游团很重要)”可
知，游客应选择合适的旅行团。故选C。
25. 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“The icy beauty of the Arctic attracts thousands of visitors every year to
see its wonderful wildlife, landscape and local cultures. (北极的冰雪之美每年都吸引着成千上万的游客前来观
赏其美妙的野生动物、风景和当地文化) ”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是介绍一个受欢迎的旅游目的地。
故选C。
7
（2022·天津·模拟预测）The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major role in
the outcome. Knowing what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success and failure.
My kids tell me it's unfair to play with the big children. I tell them that's right. Unfairness is a good thing.
There is more to be gained by the effort when things seem unfair. It is true that many things in the world are unfair.
But unfair things usually can be a boon to you. For example, the early bird catches the worm. It is unfair that the
bird that sleeps in misses out on breakfast but it is nice to know that if it gets up early it is sure to get the worm.
I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair something is will get them nowhere.
Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it. Once you do that you are in the advantage. Aboveall, you have to focus on gaining that unfair advantage and in order to do that, build your inner strength, When you
empower （武装） yourself, you are gaining skills or abilities, confidence and self-esteem （自尊）.
You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want io be financially, spiritually, emotionally, and
physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.
You can build all the advantages that you need to live the life that you want. If you haven't yet, you need to
make a list of all the things you want to experience in your new life. This will help you focus on building
advantages so that you never have to say that it's Not Fair. When you do this then you will be able to realize that
unfairness is a good thing and you will want to teach those around you to see unfairness in this way too.
26. What docs the underlined word "boon" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Something that is very terrible. B. Something that is very helpful
C. Something that is very kind D. Something that is very scared
27. What can we infer from the example of the playing field used by the author?
A. The author wants to introduce his topic
B. The author wants to support his opinion
C. He wants tell us that having an advantage is needed
D. He wants to show skills and attitudes are important in playing games
28. What is the best way to deal with unfairness according to the author?
A. Just accept it. B. Thy to change it.
C. Simply ignore it. D. Make good use of it.
29. You are told to look at your place in the world in order to ________.
A. make yourself better B. be proud of yourself
C. have more confidence D. know others' advantages
30. What is the text mainly about?
A. The way to live a happy life. B. The right attitude to unfairness.
C. Being patient enough to succeed. D. Staying calm when treated badly.
【答案与解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述对待不公平的正确态度。
26. 词句猜测题。由文章第二段中的转折词“But”可知，划线词应是褒义的，再结合下文“For example, the
early bird catches the worm.（例如，早起的鸟儿有虫吃）”，说明划线词应是指“有帮助的”意思。故选B
项。
27. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“The playing field is never even or equal. Your skills and attitude play a major
role in the outcome. Knowing what you can do to have an advantage can make the difference between success andfailure.（竞技场从来就不是平等的。你的技能和态度对结果起着重要作用。知道你可以做什么来获得优势
可以决定成功和失败）”可知，文章首段的目的应是引出话题。故选A项。
28. 细节理解题。由文章第三段“I always try to explain to my kids that complaining about how unfair
something is will get them nowhere. Instead, make the most out of it and get on the other side of it. Once you do
that you are in the advantage.（我总是试图向我的孩子们解释，抱怨某件事是多么的不公平，对他们没有任
何好处。相反，你应该充分利用它，站在它的另一面（考虑）。一旦你这样做了，你就处于优势了）”可
知，在作者看来充分利用不公平是对待不公平本身最好的方法。故选D项。
29. 推理判断题。由文章第四段“You should look at your place in the world. Where do you want io be
financially, spiritually, emotionally, and physically ? You are creating your own story when you empower yourself.
（你应该看看你在世界上的位置。你想在经济上、精神上、情感上和身体上处于什么位置？当你赋予自己
力量时，你正在创造自己的故事）”以及第五段“You can build all the advantages that you need to live the
life that you want.（你可以建立所有你需要的优势，过上你想要的生活）”可知，看清你在这个世界上的位
置是为了让你变得更好。故选A项。
30. 主旨大意题。由文章第五段“When you do this then you will be able to realize that unfairness is a good
thing and you will want to teach those around you to see unfairness in this way too.（当你这样做的时候，你就会
意识到不公平是一件好事，你也会想要教会你周围的人以这种方式看待不公平）” 结合文章主要围绕对
待不公的正确态度展开可知，B项表述正确。故选B项。
8
（2022·江苏·海安高级中学模拟预测）A competition making up Versailles literature was launched on Sina
Weibo recently. So what is Versailles literature?
Actually, the term has nothing to do with the French palace nor with literature. It came from The Rose of
Versailles, a Japanese manga series about aristocratic（贵族化的）life at the palace of Versailles in France in the
late 18th century, and was coined by a Chinese influencer earlier this year. Known as humblebragging, it is a boast
（吹牛）disguised as a complaint. “I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate?” and “I
thought I lost weight this morning. So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring
my boyfriend gave me last night” are some examples of Versailles literature. The intention is to show off --- usually
things of materialistic values, yet one ought to pretend that’s not the point.
As the 19th century English author Jane Austen famously wrote, “Nothing is more deceitful（欺诈的）than
the appearance of humility（谦逊）.” The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s
successes and be liked by others at the same time, according to scholars. In her article titled Why do people hatehumblebragging? published in Psychology Today, psychologist Dr. Susan Krauss Whitbourne at the University of
Massachusetts Amherst noted that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect” because it draws attention to
one’s accomplishments in a circuitous way.
However, studies on social media users show that humblebragging as a self-promotion strategy does not work.
In the essay Humblebragging: A distinct and ineffective self-presentation strategy, the University of North Carolina
researcher Ovul Sezer and Harvard University scholars Francesca Gino and Michael Norton concluded from their
research that humblebraggers are perceived more negatively than straight braggers due to the former’s insincerity.
“The critical factor differentiating the two groups of people is sincerity. People don’t like braggers, but they at least
see them as more sincere than humblebraggers,” said Francesca Gino.
So, how can we annoy humblebraggers back? “Just pretend you don’t get whatever it is they try to show off,”
a netizen advised. “And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.”
31. Which of the following statements is typical of “Versailles literature”?
A. You know who my father is? My father is Li Gang.
B. Got five offers to date. I’m at a loss which to choose.
C. It’s a headache how to make my son tidy up his room regularly.
D. I’m fed up with living in the countryside with no shopping malls around.
32. What is the psychology behind humblebragging?
A. To win others’ sympathy. B. To earn others’ admiration.
C. To show his/her sincerity. D. To mask his/her complaint.
33. What does the underlined world “circuitous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Roundabout. B. Straightforward.
C. Ambiguous. D. Double-edged.
34. What can’t be inferred from the passage?
A. Braggers are relatively more sincere than humblebraggers.
B. Humblebragging is an artificial appearance of being humble.
C. To respond with real sympathy will discourage humblebraggers.
D. If you want to be perceived positively, avoid using Versailles literature.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“凡尔赛文学”。
31. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Known as humblebragging, it is a boast（吹牛）disguised as a complaint.
“I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate?” and “I thought I lost weight this morning. So
disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night” aresome examples of Versailles literature. The intention is to show off --- usually things of materialistic values, yet one
ought to pretend that’s not the point.（这被称为谦虚自夸，是一种伪装成抱怨的自夸。“我的房子太多了。
我怎么决定要装饰哪一个呢?和“我以为今天早上我瘦了。”当我意识到是因为我把昨晚男朋友送给我的
巨大钻石戒指摘下来的时候，我非常失望。”这些都是凡尔赛文学的例子。其目的是炫耀——通常是一些
物质价值的东西，但人们应该假装这不是重点。）”可知，“凡尔赛文学”是指谦虚自夸，是一种伪装成
抱怨的自夸，其目的是炫耀——通常是一些物质价值的东西。B项：（啊呀有五个人排着队想和我约会，
我都不知道约哪个好）是教科书式的“凡尔赛文学”。故选B。
32. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s
successes and be liked by others at the same time, according to scholars.（根据学者们的研究，谦虚自夸背后的
心理是为了在获得成功的同时得到别人的认可和喜欢）”可知，谦虚自夸背后的心理是为了赢得别人的钦
佩。故选B。
33. 词句猜测题。根据上文“that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect”（ 谦虚自夸是一种“追
求尊重的策略”）”可知，谦虚自夸是用自谦的方式来吹牛，是一种绕弯的方式。由此可推知，“because
it draws attention to one’s accomplishments in a circuitous way.”意为“因为它以一种迂回的方式将人们的注
意力吸引到一个人的成就上。”，circuitous意为“迂回的”。A. roundabout迂回的；B. straightforward直
接的；C. ambiguous模棱两可的；D. double-edged也有模棱两可的意思，还有双刃剑的(有利有弊的)意思。
故选A。
34. 推理判断题。注意题目问的是不能can't be inferred，定位到第四段 “People don’t like braggers, but they
at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers,”（人们不喜欢吹牛的人，但至少他们觉得这些人比谦虚
自夸者更真诚。）”可知，A选项“吹牛的人要比谦虚自夸者更真诚”正确；第三段“nothing is more
deceitful than the appearance of humility（没有什么比谦虚的外表更容易骗人的了）”对应 B 选项的
“artificial appearance of being humble（谦虚的假象）”；最后一段“So, how can we annoy humblebraggers
back? “Just pretend you don’t get whatever it is they try to show off,” a netizen advised. “And respond with
genuine sympathy for their complaints.”（ 那么，我们该如何回应这些谦虚的吹牛者呢?一位网友建议道:“他
们想炫耀的是什么，你就假装什么都不懂吧。”“并对他们的抱怨报以真诚的同情。”）”可知 C项：
（用真正的同情来回应会让谦虚的吹牛者泄气）正确；而文中没有提到如何被认可，所以 D选项“如果你
想被正面地看待，避免使用凡尔赛文学”从文中无法推出。故选D。
9
（2022·上海·模拟预测）
A Universal Greeting: Shaking HandsA handshake seems to be a normal gesture. In fact, in the 9th century BC, an ancient site during the ruling of
Shalmaneser III clearly shows two figures holding hands.The Iliad,usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions
that two characters “taking each other's hands and expressing their loyalty," Centuries later, Shakespeare once
wrote of two characters who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the bookAs You Like It.Shaking hands seems
to be an ancient custom whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.
Historians who have studied ancient etiquette books note that the modern handshake did not appear until the
middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between
friends. But what if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier?
According to author Torbjorn Lundmark in hisTales of Hi and Bye: Greeting and Parting Rituals Around the
World,the problem comes in differing definitions of the handshake. The early handshakes mentioned above were
part of making deals or peace; King Shalmaneser 111 referred to a rebellion in which he signed a treaty with the
King of Babylon. In theIliad,Diomedes and Glaucus shook, hands when they realized they were guest-friends, and
Diomedes declared: "Let's not try to kill each other." Shakespeare was similarly referencing settlement of a conflict.
The modern handshake as a form of greeting is harder to trace. As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg —
the chief authority for the history of handshaking — wrote in a chapter of ananthologycalledA Cultural History of
Gesture,“More than in any other field, that of the study of gesture is one in which the historian has to make the
most of only a few clues”.
One of the earliest clues he cites is a 16th-century German translation of the French writer
Rabelais'sGargantua and Pantagruel.When one character meets Gargantua, Rabelais writes, “He was greeted by
countless hugs and countless good days." But according to Roodenburg, the 16th-century German translation added
references to shaking hands.
A popular saying suggests that Cleland's statements against bowing were actually a wish to go back to a
potentially traditional method of greeting in Europe. As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by
more hierarchical ways of greeting — like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few
remote places, like in Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around
the same time, those who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was
weakened, handshaking became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.
35. Why does the author mention Shakespeare in the first two paragraphs?
A. To prove that the history of handshaking is hard to find.
B. To illustrate that handshaking is a very old custom.C. To show readers that handshaking is common in fiction.
D. To explain the value of handshaking in communication.
36. What can we learn about handshaking from the passage?
A. The origin of handshaking as a form of greeting is easy to trace.
B. Citizens usually shake hands to show friendliness in Holland.
C. It was used only between friends and to reach an agreement.
D. It is a common practice between people of different social positions.
37. Which of the following is similar in meaning to "anthology"in Para. 4?
A. the science of mental ability B. a collection of selected literary passages
C. a daily written record of experiences D. all the living things of a particular region
38. What can be inferred from the last paragraph of the passage?
A. The handshake has disappeared in some remote parts of the Netherlands.
B. Handshaking has different meanings in different European countries.
C. Most Europeans prefer to shake hands rather than bow.
D. Handshakes are now common between people of different positions.
【答案与解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“握手”这种通用的问候手势背后的起源和不同时期所
代表的不同意义。
35. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“The Iliad,usually dated to the 8th century BC, mentions that two characters
“taking each other's hands and expressing their loyalty," Centuries later, Shakespeare once wrote of two characters
who shook hands and swore to be brothers in the bookAs You Like It.Shaking hands seems to be an ancient custom
whose roots have disappeared in the sands of time.(《伊利亚特》通常可以追溯到公元前8世纪，其中提到两
个人物“握手表示忠诚”。几个世纪后，莎士比亚在《皆大喜》一书中写道，两个人物握手并发誓成为兄
弟。握手似乎是一种古老的习俗，它的起源已经随着时间的流逝而消失了)”以及第二段“Historians who
have studied ancient etiquette books note that the modern handshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th
century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate gesture that could only be used between friends. But what
if Shakespeare had written about handshaking hundreds of years earlier? (研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家注意到，
现代的握手直到19世纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是只在朋友之间使用的一种稍微不恰当的手势。但如果
莎士比亚早在几百年前就写过握手呢？)”可推知，作者在前两段提到莎士比亚是为了说明握手是一个非常
古老的习俗。故选B。
36. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Historians who have studied ancient etiquette books note that the modernhandshake did not appear until the middle of the 19th century, when it was considered a slightly inappropriate
gesture that could only be used between friends.(研究古代礼仪书籍的历史学家注意到，现代的握手直到 19世
纪中叶才出现，当时它被认为是只在朋友之间使用的一种稍微不恰当的手势)”以及第三段中“The early
handshakes mentioned above were part of making deals or peace (上面提到的早期握手是达成协议或和平的一
部分)”可知，握手只用于朋友之间和达成协议。故选C。
37. 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“As a Dutch sociologist Herman Roodenburg — the chief authority for the
history of handshaking — wrote in a chapter of an”以及后文“called A Cultural History of Gesture”可知，A
Cultural History of Gesture是荷兰社会学家赫尔曼Roodenburg写的一部文学作品，他在这部文学选集的一
个章节中写了关于握手历史的问题。故与画线词意思接近的是B选项“文学选集”。故选B。
38. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As the centuries progressed, handshaking was replaced by more hierarchical
ways of greeting — like bowing. According to Roodenburg, handshaking survived in a few remote places, like in
Dutch towns where some would use the gesture to make peace after disagreements. Around the same time, those
who valued equality also made use of handshaking. Then, as the Continent's hierarchy was weakened, handshaking
became a common practice among people of the same rank, as it is today.(随着几个世纪的发展，握手被更分层
次的问候方式所取代，比如鞠躬。据Roodenburg说，在一些偏远的地方，握手依然存在，比如在荷兰的一
些城镇，有些人在出现分歧后会用握手来达成和平。与此同时，那些重视平等的人也会握手。后来，随着
欧洲大陆的等级制度被削弱，握手成为了同等级的人们的普遍做法，就像今天一样)”可推知，大多数欧洲
人喜欢握手而不是鞠躬。故选C。
10
（2022·上海·模拟预测）As the COVID-19 pandemic hit hard, fishermen watched their markets dry up.
Restaurants-normally major fish buyers-closed or cut back orders significantly. Fishermen weren’t sure if they were
going to get paid for what they fished.
Meanwhile as people lost jobs, food banks started to see a great demand for services. Things were getting
desperate, with long lines for food assistance in many states.
Out of these dual crises, a new idea was born. Food assistance programs across the country have started
connecting with local fishermen to stock up on local seafood, many for the first time. And the arrangement seems to
be helping the fishermen, the economy and those in need of healthy food.
According to Catherine D’ Amato, CEO of the Greater Boston Food Bank, the network usually keeps four or
five weeks of food on hand in case of emergencies. The pandemic hit, and “we found ourselves below one week of
stock and going down rapidly,” she says. That’s because the food bank normally distributes about I million poundsof food a week, and that became 2.5 million pounds of food a week, D’ Amato says. While Congress and the states
have increased funding and donations for food banks during the pandemic, it hasn’t been enough.
“For many years, we have been wanting to be able to work with organizations in the fishing industry,” D’
Amato says. But it’s complicated. Fishermen catch a lot of big fish, and food banks who might take it need the
products to be cut small and easy to use for customers. It also has to be fish they know and recognize. The barriers
have been too high in many places to make it work. But this spring, the state department of agriculture connected
the food bank with some grant makers. They talked to some local fishermen about developing a traditional New
England fish soup.
The grants paid fishermen for their catch and provided money for a local manufacturer to process, freeze and
deliver the soup to food banks in family-size servings. The soup is helping to feed families and keep fishermen
fishing. The fishermen hope to sell it in stores soon, and Damato hopes to purchase more soup and expand into new
seafood products for her customers.
39. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. the food shortage during the COVID-19 pandemic
B. the cooperation between fishermen and food banks
C. the dramatic impact the pandemic had on fishermen
D. the new seafood product manufactured for food banks
40. What do “dual crises” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Fishermen’s difficulty in storing seafood and the decline of the economy.
B. Fishermen’s difficulty in selling fish and food banks’ need for more food.
C. The closure of restaurants and food banks’ great demand for food assistance.
D. Many people’s unemployment and many states’ bad services in food industry.
41. According to paragraph 5, Catherine D’ Amato thinks that ________.
A. fishermen should start to process fish
B. many fishes are unknown to customers
C. there’s a gap between supply and need
D. the fishing organizations are too independent
42. It can be learned from the passage that the fish soup
A. increases fishermen’s productivity
B. is commonly consumed by local fishermen
C. makes food banks rethink their productsD. is produced by food banks in a traditional way
【答案与解析】这是一篇新闻报道。报道了渔民与食物银行的合作以解决新冠肺炎流行造成的供需双重危
机。
39. 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据倒数第二段中D’ Amato所说“For many years, we have been wanting to be
able to work with organizations in the fishing industry(多年来，我们一直希望能够与渔业组织合作)”以及“But
this spring, the state department of agriculture connected the food bank with some grant makers. They talked to
some local fishermen about developing a traditional New England fish soup.(但今年春天，美国农业部将食品银
行与一些资助机构联系了起来。他们和一些当地渔民讨论开发一种传统的新英格兰鱼汤。)”等内容可知，
本文主要讲述了渔民与食物银行的合作。故选B项。
40. 词句猜测题。文章第一段中“As the COVID-19 pandemic hit hard, fishermen watched their markets dry up.
Restaurants-normally major fish buyers-closed or cut back orders significantly. (随着新冠肺炎疫情的肆虐，渔民
们眼睁睁地看着自己的市场干涸。通常是鱼类主要采购商的餐馆，要么关门，要么大幅削减订单。)”说明
由于疫情爆发，渔民们的鱼卖不出去；文章第二段“Meanwhile as people lost jobs, food banks started to see a
great demand for services. Things were getting desperate, with long lines for food assistance in many states.(与此
同时，随着人们失业，食品银行开始看到对服务的巨大需求。情况变得非常糟糕，许多州的食品援助队伍
排得很长。)”说明食品银行的食品货源不足。因此可以判断这种“双重危机”指的是渔民卖鱼的困难和食
物银行对更多食物的需求。故选B项。
41. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“But it’s complicated. Fishermen catch a lot of big fish, and food banks who
might take it need the products to be cut small and easy to use for customers. It also has to be fish they know and
recognize. The barriers have been too high in many places to make it work.(但它是复杂的。渔民们会捕捞很多
大鱼，而食品银行可能需要把产品切得小一些，方便顾客使用。也必须是他们认识和了解的鱼。在许多地
方，障碍太高，无法使其发挥作用。)”可知，Catherine D’ Amato认为供应和需求之间有差距。故选C项。
42. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The soup is helping to feed families and keep fishermen fishing. The
fishermen hope to sell it in stores soon, and Damato hopes to purchase more soup and expand into new seafood
products for her customers. (这种汤可以养活家庭，让渔民们继续捕鱼。渔民们希望很快就能在商店里出售，
Damato希望购买更多的（鱼）汤，并为她的客户开发新的海鲜产品。)”可以推断，鱼汤使食品银行为客户
开发新的产品，即重新思考他们的产品。故选C项。
