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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清
记叙文的特征及解读策略
1
考点复习
记叙文是以叙述为主要表达方式，以写人物的经历和事物发展变化为主要内容的一种文体。 记叙文
是用来描述事物的文章.时间,人物,地点,起因,经过,结果是记叙文的6要素。记叙文写作，是把自己的亲身感
受和经历，通过生动、形象的语言，描述给读者。 记叙文包括的范围很广，如记人记事：日记、游记、
传说、新闻、通讯、小说等，都属于记叙文的范畴。记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，要表达出作者对于生活
的真切感受。 总的说，以记叙和描写为主要表达方式的文章叫记叙文。 但记叙文写作,伴随自然流露的适
当议论和抒情。
记叙文有广义与狭义之分。 广义的记叙文，包括记叙性的文学作品，如散文、小说等。 狭义的记叙
文是指以记人、叙事、写景、状物为主，对社会生活中的人、事、景、物的情态变化和发展进行叙述和描
写的一类文章，常见的如消息、通讯、特写、报告文学、游记、日记、参观记、回忆录，以及一部分书信
等。正因为记叙文写的是生活中的见闻，所以一定要表达出作者对于生活的真切感受。
记叙文的特点就是以记叙为主要表达方式，综合其他表达方式；以写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内
容；通过描述人物、时间及状物、写景来表达一定的中心。
写作记叙文要做到一下几点：
第一，要交代明白。无论记人记事，还是写景状物，一般都要交代明白时间、地点、人物、事件、原
因、结果，否则文章就不完整。
第二，线索清楚。虽然观察的角度、记述的方式可以不同，但每一篇文章都应当有一条关联材料、统
贯全篇的中心线索，否则文章就会松散。
第三，人称要一致。无论用第一人称“我”记述，还是用第三人称“他”记述，都要通篇一贯，一般
不宜随意转换，否则就容易造成混乱。
第四，时间，地点，人物，起因，经过，结果。
一、记叙文的分类
侧重写人的记叙文，以人物的外貌、语言、动作、心理描写为主。
侧重记事的记叙文，以叙述事情的发生、发展、经过和结果为重点。
侧重绘景的记叙文，以描绘景物、寄托情怀为主。侧重状物的记叙文，以状物为主，借象征抒怀。
二、记叙文的特征
记叙文是记人叙事的文章，它主要是用于说明事件的时间、背景、起因、过程及结果，即我们通常所
说的五个" W "( what, who, when, where, why )和一个" H "( how )。记叙文的重点在于"述说"和"描写"，因此
一篇好的记叙文要叙述条理清楚，描写生动形象。
1. 叙述的人称
英语的记叙文一般是以第一或第三人称的角度来叙述的。用第一称表示的是由叙述者亲眼所见、亲耳所
闻的经历。它的优点在于能把故事的情节通过"我"来传达给读者，使人读后感到真实可信，如身临其境。
如：
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I
was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it.
用第三人称叙述，优点在于叙述者不受"我"活动范围以内的人和事物的限制，而是通过作者与读者之外
的第三者，直接把故事中的情节展现在读者面前，文章的客观性很强。如：
Little Tom was going to school with an umbrella, for it was raining hard. On the way, he saw an old woman
walking in the rain with nothing to cover. Tom went up to the old woman and wanted to share the umbrella with
her, but he was too short. What could he do? Then he had a good idea.
2. 动词的时态
在记叙文中，记和叙都离不开动词。所以动词出现率最高，且富于变化。记叙文中用得最多的是动词的
过去的，这是英语记叙文区别于汉语记叙文的关键之处。英语写作的优美之处就在于这些动词时态的变化，
正是这一点才使得所记、所叙有鲜活的动态感、鲜明的层次感和立体感。
3. 叙述的顺序
记叙一件事要有一定的顺序。无论是顺叙、倒叙、插叙还是补叙，都要让读者能弄清事情的来龙去脉。
顺叙最容易操作，较容易给读者提供有关事情的空间和时间线索。但这种方法也容易使文章显得平铺直叙，
读起来平淡乏味。倒叙、插叙、补叙等叙述方法能有效地提高文章的结构效果，让所叙之事跌宕起伏，使
读者在阅读时思维产生较大的跳跃，从而为文章所吸引，深入其中。但这些方法如果使用不当，则容易弄
巧成拙，使文章结构散乱，头绪不清，让读者不知所云。
4. 叙述的过渡
过渡在上下文中起着承上启下、融会贯通的作用。过渡往往用在地点转移或时间、事件转换以及由概括
说明到具体叙述时。如：
In my summer holidays, I did a lot of things. Apart form doing my homework, reading an English novel,watching TV and doing some housework, I went on a trip to Qingdao. It is really a beautiful city. There are many
places of interest to see. But what impressed me most was the sunrise.
The next morning I got up early. I was very happy because it was a fine day. By the time I got to the beach, the
clouds on the horizon were turning red. In a little while, a small part of the sun was gradually appearing. The sun
was very red, not shining. It rose slowly. At last it broke through the red clouds and jumped above the sea, just like
a deep-red ball. At the same time the clouds and the sea water became red and bright.
What a moving and unforgettable scene!
5. 叙述与对话
引用故事情节中主要人物的对话是记叙文提高表现力的一种好方法。适当地用直接引语代替间接的主观
叙述，可以客观生动地反映人物的性格、品质和心理状态，使记叙生动、有趣，使文章内容更加充实、具
体。试比较下面两段的叙述效果：
I was in the kitchen, and I was cooking something. Suddenly I heard a loud noise from the front. I thought maybe
someone was knocking the door. I asked who it was but I heard no reply. After a while I saw my cat running across
the parlor. I realized it was the cat. I felt released.
这本来应是一段故事性很强的文字，但经作者这么一写，就不那么吸引人了。原因是文中用的都是叙述
模式，没有人物语言，把"悬念"给冲淡了。可作如下调整：
I was in the kitchen cooking something. "Crash!" a loud noise came from the front. Thinking someone was
knocking at the door, I asked, "Who?" No reply. After a while, I saw my cat running across the parlor. "Its you." I
said, quite released.
三、记叙文的命题特点（以阅读理解为例）
从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。除了推论
或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别
扭，逻辑不通。同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了
解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。而其余像主旨大意、作者意图之类的题目，则取决于文
章的落句，集中考查对作者所发的感触的理解。总之，细节题是记叙文命题的主流题型。而寓意之类的题
则是高一层次的题，有一定的难度和区分度，它们是拉开距离的题，答对了这些题，你才有可能成功地跻
身高分之列。综上所述，记叙文的应对策略即：不漏细节，奠定基础；把准寓意，方能成功。
记叙文常见的命题类型如下：
1.主旨大意题
文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：
What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?
The main idea of the passage is…
The passage is mainly about_____.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
The best title for the passage is/ might be____.
The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____.
做题要领：文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的
键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,
言过其实或以偏概全。
2.细节理解题
这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查
找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：
Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage?
Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage, what/where/
Which/who/why/when/how…?
All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except_________.
How does the author/writer feel about___?
3.词义／语义判断题
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：
According to the author, the underlined word”…” means____.
From the passage, we can infer that the word”…”is___.
“…” can be best replaced by___.
What does the author probably mean by”…”?
By”…”, the author means that___
做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的
词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。
4.推断题
以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推断题的常见形式：
It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____.
From the text we know that ______.
The passage implies that ______.
The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______.
解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。
5. 观点态度题
回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作
者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。
常见的态度词语有 :positive/support/approval(赞同的 /optimisticcritical/negative/tolerant/disappointed/
pessimistic(悲观的) /indifferent(冷淡的)/doubtfulNeutral(中立的）/objective(客观的）
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:
What’s the author’s/writer’s attitude to…?
The author thinks/suggests/believes that___.
How does the author feel about…?
Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with?
Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?
四、记叙文的解题技巧
记叙文讲述的是发生在当前或过去或将来事情的经过。简而言之，记叙文就是讲故事，包括人物或故
事情节。常见的记叙文根据其用途可分为文学记叙文和说明记叙文：文学记叙文以虚构为主，如趣闻逸事、
传说、寓言、传奇故事、短篇小说、科幻小说等；说明记叙文以事实为依据，包括历史、传记、新闻报道、
日记等。无论哪一种记叙文作者都要交代何人何时何地为什么、怎么样、干了何事等等，这也就是我们常
说的“5Ws and 1H”。这是我们在阅读记叙文时要首先了解的，接着按照线索弄清事情的来龙去脉，就
能理解整个故事。
特别值得注意的是：记叙文的叙事顺序有顺叙和倒叙两种，有时候作者为了吸引读者会采用倒叙的方法，
即不按照事情发展的先后顺序来叙述，而是从最重要、最能引人入胜的事件开始，然后再回过头来追叙故
事的开端和经过。阅读时要学会从事情本身的发展去理解故事情节而不要只看事件在文中出现的先后位置。
另外，讲故事必定有其目的：或证明某一理论，或阐明某一概念，或赞美某种美德，或谴责某种罪恶
等等。我们在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。 概括起来一句话：读记叙文的关键是抓情节。 抓住了故事情节，就理解了文章的脉络，
其他的就迎刃而解了。
要解答好记叙文阅读理解题，就应该有一套针对性强的方法和技巧。下面是我们在阅读教学中积累下来的
一点心得体会，希望能对大家有所帮助。
1.关注细节
记叙文中有大量的事件发展过程中的细节，包括记叙文的5W（what, who, when, where, why）要素。因
此我们作答细节题的时候，就没有那么复杂，一般只需要由前到后，从上到下，一题一题地做就可以了。
2.注重联系
在做题过程中，我们大都不能在文中找到与题干一字不差的词语或句子。这时我们需要认真研究问题，
抓住题干中的关键词语，然后到文中准确地找到与之相关的语句，或是疑似语句的位置，接着去左顾，或
右盼，在前句或后句寻找线索。
3.读懂表象
如前所述，主旨大意题或推理判断、作者意图题等实际上是同一类型的问题，或者说是可用同种方法解
答的题型。在解答此类题目的时候，不可被题干的表象所迷惑，要像剥洋葱一样，一层一层地剥；在四个
可选项中，一个一个地去证实，去排除。特别是解答推论或暗指类的题目，比如“What can be inferred
from …?”或是What does the author imply in…?”之类的题目，文中所陈述的往往不是答案。我们要在文前文
后去查找，在字里行间里去寻觅。有时还少不了借助自己的生活经验和常理来体会这言外之意。
4.挖掘意义
每年的高考阅读题中，特别是记叙文的阅读题，都会出现一至两道词义猜测题。而这些词汇往往是你素
昧平生的，或者和你有点头之交，在文中却另有新意的，总之，猜的是那些在高考词汇表要求之外的词汇。
小小的一个词，一个短语，考核的不是你的语法的熟练程度，也不是你的记忆力，而是你对文章通篇或者
一个段落的整体把握和变通能力。
【典例示例】
Compassion is a desire within us to help others．With effort, we can translate compassion into action．An
experience last weekend showed me this is true．I work part-time in a supermarket across from a building for the
elderly．These old people are our main customers, and it’s not hard to lose patience over their slowness．But last
Sunday, one aged gentleman appeared to teach me a valuable lesson．This untidy man walked up to my register(收
款机) with a box of biscuits．He said he was out of cash(现金), had just moved into his room, and had nothing in
his cupboards．He asked if we could let him have the food on trust．He promised to repay me the next day．I couldn’t help staring at him．I wondered what kind of person he had been ten or twenty years before, and
what he would be like if luck had gone his way．I had a hurt in my heart for this kind of human soul, all alone in
the world．I told him that I was sorry, but store rules didn’t allow me to do so．I felt stupid and unkind saying
this, but I valued my job．
Just then, another man, standing behind the first, spoke up．If anything, he looked more pitiable．“Charge it
to me,” was all he said．
What I had been feeling was pity．Pity is soft and safe and easy．Compassion, on the other hand, is caring in
action．I thanked the second man but told him that was not allowed either．Then I reached into my pocket and
paid for the biscuits myself．I reached into my pocket because these two men had reached into my heart and taught
me compassion.
解析：故事采用顺叙的叙事方法，主要情节发展如下：One aged gentleman begged me to have the food on
trust and promised to repay the next day.---- I told him the store rules didn’t allow me to do so.---- Another man
wanted me to charge the food to him.----I paid for the biscuits myself. 作者用第一人称讲述自己亲身经历的这
段故事，让人觉得亲切可信，同时也增强了文章的感染力。作者说自己通过这段故事学会了compassion
（同情），事实上也是在号召读者多伸出同情之手，共建和谐社会。
2
能力强化
一、阅读理解
Gwen Ifill was a famous African-American journalist who fought for social justice through her news stories.
After she died in 2016, a student award was set up in her honor.
Ana Rodriguez, a 16-year-old student at Archie Williams High School, won the 2021 Gwen Ifill High School
Student of the Year Award. She won due to her real passion for fighting fake news about COVID-19 vaccines,
medical studies and other social media dramas.
Rodriguez said that fake news these days is often masked as real news, meaning teenagers and adults need to
cultivate a certain type of skepticism before they either react to the news or spread it. “You need to double-check
the sources and get a second opinion,” she said, “If you read about vaccines having some kind of aftermath, go and
check another website.”
Archie Williams High School English teacher Matthew Leffel nominated (提名) Rodriguez for the awardbecause of her enthusiasm and “purposefulness”. “Ana went very deep with her research,” Leffel said. “She was
able to demonstrate the kind of media literacy (媒介素养) skills that we had intended to build.”
The project used a free public fact-checking website called Checkology. Students were required to write an
argument on their chosen topic. Then they had to produce a podcast on “The Truth About …”. In Rodriguez’s case,
for example, it was “The Truth About Scientific Racism”. Rodriguez also worked on several different topics,
including the fake information of COVID-19 vaccines.
She and other students also made their arguments into booklets to hand out. They hoped to educate more
people. Some of their other topics included 5G towers, climate change and surveillance (监控) technology.
“Ana was purposeful,” Leffel said. “It was clear she was not just doing it as a class assignment, but as
something that had an important meaning for her life.”
1. What does the underlined word “skepticism” probably mean?
A. Doubt. B. Interest. C. Curiosity. D. Concern.
2. Why did the author mention Leffel in the fourth paragraph?
A. To praise Ana’s writing skills. B. To show Ana’s purpose.
C. To prove racial existence. D. To indicate Ana’s ability.
3. Ana and other students put their arguments in booklets in order to________.
A. hand out for money B. make people think critically
C. learn more knowledge D. enlarge their topics
4. According to Leffel, we can infer that________.
A. Ana does anything with strong purposes
B. Ana does a class assignment very carefully
C. Ana does run after her life meaning
D. Ana does everything for herself and others
【答案与解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ana Rodriguez获得一项专为打击假新闻而设置的奖励，
谈到她的能力和做事的特点是获奖的重要因素。
1. 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Rodriguez said that fake news these days is often masked as real news(罗德
里格斯说，如今的假新闻往往被伪装成真实的新闻)”及下文“You need to double-check the sources and get a
second opinion(你需要再检查一遍资料来源，再征求别人的意见)”以及“If you read about vaccines having
some kind of aftermath, go and check another website(如果你读到疫苗有某种后果，去另一个网站看看)”可知，
对于资料内容，需要检查来源并与其他结果进行对比，以确定新闻的真实性。由此可知，在对新闻做出反应或传播之前需要培养某种怀疑主义。由此推知，划线词skepticism与doubt“怀疑”意思相近。故选A。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段“ “Ana went very deep with her research,” Leffel said. “She was able to
demonstrate the kind of media literacy (媒介素养) skills that we had intended to build.”(“Ana 的研究非常深
入，”Leffel说。“她能够展示出我们希望培养的那种媒体素养技能。”)”可知，作者在第四段中提到了
Leffel以表明Ana的能力。故选D。
3. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She and other students also made their arguments into booklets to hand out.
They hoped to educate more people.(她和其他学生还把他们的论点做成小册子分发出去。他们希望教育更多
的人)”可知，Ana和同学的做法是为了推广这种批判性思维，鼓励大家这样去做。故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ana was purposeful(Ana是有使命感的)”以及“It was clear she was not just
doing it as a class assignment, but as something that had an important meaning for her life.(很明显，她做这件事
不仅仅是作为课堂作业，而是作为对她的人生有重要意义的事情)”可知，这份工作对Ana来说意义重大，
她认为这是自己的使命，她在追求自己的生命意义。故选C。
2
A blind skateboarder has proven that his lack of sight won’t stop him from living a normal life—and now he’s
learned some of the most complicated tricks.
Dan Mancina, 34,from Michigan,the US,was diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa at 13,a rare genetic disease
and it causes loss of vision. Around five years ago,Dan lost his vision completely and now is defined as a blind
person—but refuses to let it hold him back. Dan said that he was discouraged by other people’s behaviors and was
determined to prove people wrong,so he started skateboarding,practiced every day,and soon he was landing trick
after trick.
Dan started performing tricks that some might not expect a blind person to be able to do—like throwing
darts(飞镖)—but they would be wrong. He said he felt a need to prove himself to those who doubted his abilities.
So Dan,who has been skateboarding since he was seven years old,recently posted a video of himself performing a
trick on the Internet.
The experience reminded him of his love for the sport and inspired him to continue pursuing his passion,but
now his methods are somewhat different. Before skating at a park,Dan uses a stick to measure the different
ramps(斜坡)and corners,and get a feel for the area. He also uses a beeper box or a Bluetooth speaker to bounce the
sounds off anything in the environment—such as a nearby road—warning him of any dangers in the area.
The skateboarder said, “I get a mental map of the area where I am and use every other sense I have. I'm always
trying to progress and keep pushing myself further and further. I have certain goals that I want to achieve. One dayI want to film full-length skateboard videos without any cuts. That’s really my goal.”
5. What happened to Dan Mancina when he was thirteen?
A. He became completely blind. B. He was not allowed to skateboard.
C. He suffered from a severe eye disease. D. He got injured while skateboarding.
6. Why did Dan perform complicated tricks?
A. To show he could live a normal life. B. To achieve his childhood dream.
C. To shoot a video about his success in life. D. To become the focus of public attention.
7. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about?
A. Dan’s training field. B. Dan’s passion for sport.
C. Dan’s training equipment. D. Dan’s preparations for skateboarding.
8. What can we learn from the story?
A. He who laughs last laughs best. B. All that ends well is well.
C. Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. D. A good beginning makes a good ending.
【答案与解析】 本文一篇记叙文，主要介绍了失明滑板手 Dan Mancina 重拾信心，坚持滑板，立志改变
大众对盲人看法的故事。他坚持自己喜欢的事情，拍摄自己滑板的视频，Dan Mancina 很好地诠释了滑板
运动所崇尚的永不放弃的精神。
5. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Dan Mancina, 34, from Michigan, the US, was diagnosed with retinitis
pigmentosa at 13(来自美国密歇根州的34岁的Dan Mancina在13岁时被诊断出视网膜色素变性)”可知，Dan
Mancina13岁时，患上了眼疾。故选C。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段“He said he felt a need to prove himself to those who doubted his abilities.(他说他
觉得有必要向那些怀疑他能力的人证明自己)”可知，他表演这些复杂的绝技，目的是了向别人证明他也能
像普通人一样。故选A。
7. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Before skating at a park, Dan uses a stick to measure the different ramps(斜坡)and
corners, and get a feel for the area. He also uses a beeper box or a Bluetooth speaker to bounce the sounds off
anything in the environment—such as a nearby road—warning him of any dangers in the area.(之前在公园滑冰，
丹使用一根棍子来测量不同斜坡和角度，并熟悉地形。他还使用寻呼机或蓝牙扬声器来反射环境中的声音，
比如附近的道路，以此提醒他这一地区的危险)”，可知，第四段主要讲Dan为了滑滑板，提前做了很多准
备工作。故选D。
8. 推理判断题。根据第一段“A blind skateboarder has proven that his lack of sight won’t stop him from living a
normal life—and now he’s learned some of the most complicated tricks.(一位盲人滑板手已经证明，他的失明并不会妨碍他过正常的生活——现在他学会了一些最复杂的技巧)”可知，一位意志坚定的盲人通过自己
的努力做到了常人认为不可能的事情。故选C。
3
Plastic bags are not costly to produce. They are also strong and easy to carry. This is why they are a popular
container in most parts of the world. But they are also a major source of pollution. It can take hundreds of years for
plastic bags to break down. As they do, tiny pieces can poison soil, lakes, rivers and oceans. Therefore,
environmental experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags.
Maryland artist Allita Irby does just that. It starts with the morning newspaper. What is more important is
getting that plastic bag the paper comes in. The mixed media artist recognized its rich possibilities about three year
ago. “As I was taking the newspaper out, I felt the texture of these bags. They were soft. I just looked down and
realized it would take three to make a braid (辫子).” Since then, Irby has been using plastic bags to create abstract
lines in her art works.
Before incorporating plastic bags in her works, Irby used natural materials like feathers, leather and dried
plants. All those elements represent her Native American ancestry (血统) and identity, like one of her works called
“Navaho Bundles”.
Ms. Irby’s neighbors praised her ability to turn waste into treasure. Some, like Charlotte Hogan, asked the
artist to teach them how to create art using the used plastic bags. “I think it is fascinating, and it is wonderful. I do
plan to share it with my seniors at my church.” One of Irby’s neighbors Aleta Meyer expressed her surprise, “I have
never given any more thought to what to do with a plastic bag. This is definitely different.”
Shirley Watts also lives in the neighborhood. She plans to show others her art. “I want to make a masterpiece
that I can put in a frame and put it up on my wall and then I know that I did it.”
“Making art with found materials is not a new idea. Anyone can do it. Recycled paper, cloth and metal goods
can become beautiful pictures and sculptures,” Allita Irby said, “I think we are all artists really, and there is beauty
all around us.” The artist also said that all you had to do was open your eyes and bring the outside in.
9. What is mainly discussed in the first paragraph?
A. The advantage of plastic bags. B. The disadvantage of plastic bags.
C. How to reuse and recycle plastic bags. D. The importance of recycling plastic bags.
10. The underlined part “does just that” in the second paragraph means “_______”.
A. produces plastic bags B. makes use of used plastic bags
C. makes plastic bags break down D. urges people to reuse and recycle plastic bags11. What is Irby’s neighbors’ attitude towards her action?
A. Supportive. B. Negative C. Suspicious. D. Unknown.
12. Who intends to share the skill of turning used plastic bags into art with old people?
A. Aleta Meyer. B. Allita Irby. C. Charlotte Hogan D. Shirley Watts
13. According to Alllita Irby, the most important step in making art with found materials is _______.
A. to come up with the idea B. to seek beauty all around us
C. to be open to new ideas and things D. to choose the most suitable objects
【答案与解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了马里兰州的艺术家Allita Irby用废弃的塑料袋制作艺
术品，以达到回收利用塑料袋的目的，她的行为得到了人们的赞赏。
9. 主旨大意题。根据第一段的“But they are also a major source of pollution. It can take hundreds of years for
plastic bags to break down. As they do, tiny pieces can poison soil, lakes, rivers and oceans. Therefore,
environmental experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags. (但它们也是主要的污染源。塑料袋需要数
百年才能分解。正如它们所做的，微小的碎片可以毒害土壤、湖泊、河流和海洋。因此，环境专家敦促人
们重复使用和回收塑料袋)”可知，本段主要讨论了回收利用塑料袋的重要性。故选D。
10. 词句猜测题。根据上段末句“Therefore, environmental experts urge people to reuse and recycle plastic bags.
(因此，环境专家敦促人们重复使用和回收塑料袋)”可知，环境专家敦促人们重复使用和回收塑料袋。因此
推断划线句表示：马里兰州的艺术家Allita Irby就是这样做的。由此推测，划线部分指的是“利用使用过
的塑料袋”。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。根据第四段的“Ms. Irby’s neighbors praised her ability to turn waste into treasure. (Ms. Irby
的邻居都称赞她变废为宝的能力)”推知，邻居们对Ms. Irby的行为是支持的。故选A。
12. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Some, like Charlotte Hogan, asked the artist to teach them how to create art
using the used plastic bags. “I think it is fascinating, and it is wonderful. I do plan to share it with my seniors at my
church.” (一些人，比如Charlotte Hogan，要求艺术家教他们如何用使用过的塑料袋创作艺术。‘我认为这
是迷人的，是美妙的。我确实打算在我的教堂和我的前辈们分享。’)”可知，Charlotte Hogan打算把使用
过的塑料袋变成艺术品的技术分享给老人。故选C。
13. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Allita Irby said, 'I think we are all artists really, and there is beauty all
around us.' The artist also said that all you had to do was open your eyes and bring the outside in. (Allita Irby 说
“我认为我们都是真正的艺术家，美就在我们身边。”艺术家还说，你所要做的就是睁开眼睛，把外面的
东西带进来)”可知，Alllita Irby认为用现成的材料制作艺术品最重要的一步是对新想法持开放态度。故选
C。4
When a British couple recently sold their beloved house, they believed they had tied everything up, and had
been busy working to make sure the new owners could live in a house which was in a good condition before the
sale. Repairs had been made and the paperwork had all been in order before they removed their belongings from the
home where they had lived in the last 32 years or so.
A few weeks after they finished the sale, James and Clarrisa Munford discovered a box of treasures, which the
former owners had hidden and forgotten all about — 30 gold and silver coins. Legally, the coins — which were
valued as much as ten thousand pounds — were now the Munfords’ property, and they were well within their rights
to quietly sell them and pocket the profits.
However, the Munfords, who own a business in London, immediately chose to get in touch with the sellers
and return the coins, which had been left inside a built-in drawer in the home. “There is an old saying: ‘You harvest
what you plant.’” said the original owner later, who didn’t believe his ears when receiving Mr. Munford’s call. “My
wife and I spent a great deal of time and effort to ensure that we left our home in excellent conditions for the
Munfords, and our kindness was certainly returned by another!” They wanted to give the Mun-fords some coins but
they refused politely.
The sellers of the house were unwilling to be named, but said they wanted to share this story online to bring
hope and inspiration to other people during these difficult times. “Now it is a good time to pause and reflect about
how we treat each other. If there were more people like the Munfords, this world would be a much better place to
live in,” he said.
14. What did the Munfords do when finding the treasures?
A. They went out to celebrate. B. They wanted to sell them quietly.
C. They contacted the sellers of the house. D. They managed to report to the police.
15. How did the former owner of the house feel when Munford called him?
A. He was disappointed. B. He was surprised.
C. He was angry. D. He was nervous.
16. What did the sellers of the house do at last?
A. They left the Munfords some silver coins.
B. They gave the Munfords fifteen gold coins.
C. They wanted to make more people know the story.
D. They decided to write a book about the moving story.17. What do you think of the Munfords?
A. They are kind. B. They are selfish.
C. They are dishonest. D. They are careless.
【答案与解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Munfords夫妇在新买的房子里发现了30枚金币和银
币，他们立即选择与卖家联系，并归还了这些钱，原来的主人对此非常感动。
14. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, the Munfords, who own a business in London, immediately chose to
get in touch with the sellers and return the coins, which had been left inside a built-in drawer in the home.(然而，
在伦敦拥有一家公司的Munfords夫妇立即选择与卖家联系，并归还了硬币，这些硬币被留在家里的一个内
置抽屉里)”可知，Munfords夫妇找到宝藏后联系了房子的卖家。故选C。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三段中““There is an old saying: ‘You harvest what you plant.’” said the original
owner later, who didn’t believe his ears when receiving Mr. Munford’s call.(“有句老话说:‘种什么收获什么。
’”最初的主人后来说，当他接到芒福德的电话时，简直不敢相信自己的耳朵最初的主人后来说，当他
接到Munfords的电话时，简直不敢相信自己的耳朵)”可知，当Munfords打电话给房子的前主人时，他感
觉很惊讶。故选B。
16. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The sellers of the house were unwilling to be named, but said they wanted to
share this story online to bring hope and inspiration to other people during these difficult times.(房子的卖家不愿
透露姓名，但表示他们想在网上分享这个故事，在这个困难时期给其他人带来希望和鼓舞)”可知，房子的
卖家最后想让更多的人知道这个故事。故选C。
17. 推理判断题。根据第三段“However, the Munfords, who own a business in London, immediately chose to
get in touch with the sellers and return the coins, which had been left inside a built-in drawer in the home. “There is
an old saying: ‘You harvest what you plant.’” said the original owner later, who didn’t believe his ears when
receiving Mr. Munford’s call. “My wife and I spent a great deal of time and effort to ensure that we left our home in
excellent conditions for the Munfords, and our kindness was certainly returned by another!” They wanted to give
the Mun-fords some coins but they refused politely.(然而，在伦敦拥有一家公司的Munfords夫妇立即选择与卖
家联系，并归还了硬币，这些硬币被留在家里的一个内置抽屉里。“有句老话说:‘种什么收获什么。’”
最初的主人后来说，当他接到Munfords的电话时，简直不敢相信自己的耳朵。“我的妻子和我花了大量的
时间和精力，以确保我们离开我们的家时，条件非常好，去Munfords家，我们的善良肯定得到了另一个人
的回报!”他们想给Munfords夫妇一些硬币，但被他们礼貌地拒绝了)”可推知，Munfords很善良。故选A。
二、完形填空
1One evening, Catherine was at home as usual. As her ____18____ swung between what she was going to do
with her life and her dinner plans for the evening, she was unexpectedly ____19____ by an urgent call from her
sister “Get over here! Turn on NBC and cheek these guys out. They are just like you.” One Facebook message and
a phone interview later, Catherine ____20____ herself on a bus with 8 strangers in the middle of the sweltering
desert of Utah, picking up trash and ____21____ awareness of zero-waste and climate change.
With a deep ____22____ of the environment and a desire to make a ____23____, Catherine, Davey, and a
group of self ____24____ environmental pick-up artists” went on a coast to coast road side trash pick-up. As they
walked sometimes only ____25____ 0.9 miles on an entire day they ____26____ and steadily made their way
across the United States for three years, picking up a total of 201,678 pounds of trash.
Catherine and Davey ____27____ wonderful stories of hope and inspiration with us that fueled their efforts to
continue their journey. After spending weeks silently ____28____ how she would have enough money to fly home
for her two-week spring break, Catherine found a blank, unidentified envelope ____29____ with S850 cash in the
desert, just enough to get her home and back. After their bus ____30____ outside of Denver, they unexpectedly got
____31____ and arrived in Yosemite National Park three weeks later, just in time for the “Yosemite Facelift” where
volunteers from all over the state came together with a ____32____ of cleaning up trash all over the park.
Together, their team learned to simply devote themselves to their task, and surrender to the journey.
18. A. memory B. balance C. thoughts D. position
19. A. blamed B. interrupted C. moved D. frightened
20. A. rejected B. cheered C. found D. taught
21. A. abandoning B. shaking C. raising D. illustrating
22. A. pride B. trust C. tension D. love
23. A. difference B. promise C. mistake D. plan
24. A. corrected B. described C. repeated D. discovered
25. A. driving B. fixing C. riding D. covering
26. A. slowly B. secretly C. helplessly D. frequently
27. A. heard B. shared C. wrote D. read
28. A. worrying about B. replying to C. depending on D. meeting with
29. A. equipped B. supplied C. decorated D. filled
30. A. set off B. broke down C. headed for D. held on
31. A. rest B. practice C. understanding D. help32. A. purpose B. question C. decision D. lesson
【答案与解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了为了保护环境，一群自称“环保拾荒艺术家”的人沿着
海岸公路边捡垃圾的故事，他们的故事也激励了更多的志愿者加入了这样的行动中来。
18. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：正当她在自己的生活和他们晚上的晚餐计划之间摇摆不定时。A. hands手；
B. balance平衡；C. thoughts想法；D. position位置。根据句意，是她的“思绪”在她的生活和晚餐计划之
间摇摆不定，故选C。
19. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的思绪被她姐姐的紧急电话打断了。A. blamed责备；B. interrupted打断；
C. moved移动；D. frightened使害怕。根据前一句，她的思绪正在她的生活和晚餐计划之间摇摆不定，姐
姐的电话“中断”了她的思绪，故选B。
20. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一条Facebook信息和一次电话采访之后，凯瑟琳发现自己和8个陌生人坐
在一辆公交车上，置身于犹他州酷热的沙漠之中。A. rejected拒绝；B. cheered欢呼，愉快；C. found发现；
D. taught教。凯瑟琳在NBC上看到了自己和八个陌生人的身影，故选C。
21. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一条Facebook信息和一次电话采访之后，凯瑟琳发现自己和8个陌生人坐
在一辆公交车上，置身于犹他州酷热的沙漠之中捡垃圾并提高零废物和气候变化的意识。A. abandoning抛
弃，遗弃；B. shaking摇动；C. raising提高；D. illustrating说明，解释。凯瑟琳及同行人在沙漠中捡垃圾的
行为，是为了提高人们的环保意识。raise awareness意为“提高意识”。故选C。
22. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着对环境的热爱和改变现状的渴望，凯瑟琳、戴维和一群自称为环保拾
荒者的艺术家，从一个海岸到另一个海岸去捡垃圾。A. pride骄傲；B. trust信任；C. tension紧张；D. love
爱。这里强调凯瑟琳等人的行为动机，表示“对环境深深的爱”，故选D。
23. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着对环境的热爱和改变现状的渴望，凯瑟琳、戴维和一群自称为环保拾
荒者的艺术家，从一个海岸到另一个海岸去捡垃圾。A. difference不同；B. promise许诺，希望；C. mistake
错误；D. plan计划。make a difference“有影响，有关系”，此处表示“想要有所作为的愿望”。故选A。
24. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：带着对环境的热爱和改变现状的渴望，凯瑟琳、戴维和一群自称为环保拾
荒者的艺术家，从一个海岸到另一个海岸去捡垃圾。A. corrected改正；B. described描述；C. repeated重复；
D. discovered发现。他们把自己描述为“环保拾荒艺术家”，故选B。
25. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：带着对环境的热爱和改变现状的渴望，凯瑟琳、戴维和一群自称为环保拾
荒者的艺术家，从一个海岸到另一个海岸去捡垃圾。A. driving开车，驾驶；B. fixing安装；C. riding骑车；
D. covering覆盖，采访，占地，走了……路。此题表示“走了0.9里路”，故选D。
26. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：带着对环境的热爱和改变现状的渴望，凯瑟琳、戴维和一群自称为环保拾
荒者的艺术家，从一个海岸到另一个海岸去捡垃圾。A. slowly慢地；B. secretly秘密地；C. helplessly无助地；D. frequently频繁地。有时他们一整天就走了0.9里路，所以比较缓慢。故选A。
27. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：凯瑟琳和戴维与我们分享了充满希望和灵感的精彩故事，这些故事激励着
他们继续他们的旅程。A. heard听到；B. shared分享；C. wrote写；D. read读。凯瑟琳和戴维将自己经历过
的故事告知于我们，属于“分享”，故选B。
28. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个星期以来，凯瑟琳一直在默默地担心，自己是否有足够的钱乘飞机回
家过两个星期的春假。A. worrying about 担心；B. replying to 回答，答复；C. depending on 依靠；D.
meeting with遇见，碰到。根据下文“ $850 cash in the desert, just enough to get her home and back. ”可知凯
瑟琳钱不充足，所以应该选“担忧”，故选A。
29. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在沙漠里发现了一个空白的、身份不明的信封，里面装着 850美元现金。
A. equipped装备；B. supplied提供；C. decorated装饰；D. filled装满。be filled with“装满”，故选D。
30. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的巴士在丹佛郊外抛锚后，意外地得到了帮助，三周后到达约塞米蒂
国家公园，正好赶上“Yosemite Facelift” ，来自全州的志愿者聚集在一起，目的是清理公园里的垃圾。A.
set off出发；B. broke down坏掉；C. headed for朝……出发；D. held on坚持，继续。这里表示“他们的车
坏掉了”。故选B。
31. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的巴士在丹佛郊外抛锚后，意外地得到了帮助，三周后到达约塞米蒂
国家公园，正好赶上“Yosemite Facelift” ，来自全州的志愿者聚集在一起，目的是清理公园里的垃圾。A.
rest休息；B. practice实践；C. understanding理解；D. help帮助。当他们的车抛锚时，有人给他们提供了
“帮助”，故选D。
32. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的巴士在丹佛郊外抛锚后，意外地得到了帮助，三周后到达约塞米蒂
国家公园，正好赶上“Yosemite Facelift” ，来自全州的志愿者聚集在一起，目的是清理公园里的垃圾。A.
purpose目的；B. question问题；C. decision决定；D. lesson课程。这里表示“怀着清扫公园里所有垃圾的
目的，他们聚到了一起”，with a purpose of意为“带着……目的”，故选A。
2
About two months ago, my computer broke and I have been living without one at home. The man in the
___33___ shop said it would be more expensive to fix my computer than to buy a new one!
Now, I can admit that I’m ___34___ to the Internet. I spend hours and hours of my free time ___35___
funny cat videos on YouTube, and playing video games with my friends ___36___. When I was told my ___37___
couldn’t be fixed, I was ___38___! I don’t have enough money to buy a new one ___39___ and I will have to wait
until December.
I have been trying to ___40___ things to do without a computer, ___41___ it is a lot more difficult than Iwas ____42____! It has taken a while but I am ____43____ to get used to living without easy access to the online
world.
This ____44____ has made me realize just how useful computers really are. ____45____, it’s not all bad. I
am sleeping a lot better now and I have been baking a lot, which I ____46____ but never used to find enough time
to do.
Living without a computer may not be as bad as I thought it was going to be, but I am ready to leave the Dark Ages
and ____47____ to the 21st century!
33. A. tea B. repair C. book D. sweet
34. A. opposed B. thankful C. deaf D. addicted
35. A. watching B. making C. recording D. cutting
36. A. downtown B. abroad C. online D. upstairs
37. A. bike B. car C. cellphone D. computer
38. A. ashamed B. unpleasant C. bored D. careless
39. A. at the moment B. at table C. under test D. on show
40. A. think of B. deal with C. end up D. refer to
41. A. and B. so C. or D. but
42. A. obtaining B. ignoring C. expecting D. discovering
43. A. stopping B. starting C. continuing D. refusing
44. A. experience B. conflict C. adventure D. task
45. A. However B. Besides C. Therefore D. Instead
46. A. search B. love C. adjust D. produce
47. A. stick B. object C. contribute D. return
【答案与解析】 本文为记叙文。沉溺于网络的作者因家里的电脑坏了，长时间不能够玩，这使自己意识
到没有电脑的生活也是美好的。
33. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：修理工说修我的电脑比买一台新的要贵！A. tea茶叶；B. repair修理；C.
book书籍；D. sweet糖果。根据常理判断，电脑坏了，所以送去修理，可知，是修理（repair）店里的人说。
故选B。
34. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我可以承认我对网络上瘾了。A. opposed反对的；B. thankful感谢
的；C. deaf聋的；D. addicted上瘾的。根据下文的“I spend hours and hours of my free time ______ funny cat
videos on YouTube”判断，作者沉溺于电脑。故选D。
35. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了好几个小时的空闲时间在YouTube上看有趣的猫咪视频，和我的朋友们在网上玩电子游戏。A. watching观看；B. making制作；C. recording记录；D. cutting切割。根据空后
的“funny cat videos on YouTube”可知，此处指观看视频，故选A。
36. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：我花了好几个小时的空闲时间在YouTube上看有趣的猫咪视频，和我的朋
友们在网上玩电子游戏。A. downtown在市中心；B. abroad在国外；C. online在线，网上；D. upstairs上楼。
根据上文提到作者沉溺于网络，推断，空闲时间花很多小时看视频，在网上（online）与朋友玩游戏。故
选C。
37. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我被告知我的电脑修不好时，我很不高兴！A. bike自行车；B. car汽车；
C. cellphone手机；D. computer电脑。根据上文提到作者去修理电脑，可知，电脑不能修，作者很是不高
兴。故选D。
38. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我被告知我的电脑修不好时，我很不高兴！A. ashamed羞愧的；B.
unpleasant不高兴的；C. bored厌倦的；D. careless粗心的。作者痴迷于电脑，所以电脑不能修，作者不高
兴。故选B。
39. 考查介词短语辨析。句意：我现在没有足够的钱买一台新的，我得等到 12月。A. at the moment目前，
当时；B. at table在餐桌边；C. under test在测试中；D. on show展览着。根据下文语境“and I will have to
wait until December”可知，目前（at the moment）作者没有足够的钱买新的。故选A。
40. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我一直在想没有电脑可以做什么，但这比我预料的要困难得多！A. think of
想起；B. deal with处理；C. end up结束；D. refer to涉及。根据上文语境提到家里没有电脑可以用，但是
作者对电脑很痴迷。可知，作者一直在思考（think of）没有电脑该做什么。故选A。
41. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我一直在想没有电脑可以做什么，但这比我预料的要困难得多！A. and并
且；B. so所以；C. or或者；D. but但是。此处前后句子在逻辑上为转折关系，应用连词but。故选D。
42. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直在想没有电脑可以做什么，但这比我预料的要困难得多！A.
obtaining获得；B. ignoring忽视；C. expecting预料；D. discovering发现。结合上文“it is a lot more difficult
than I was”指，作者一直在思考没有电脑该做什么，但是事实上这比作者预料（expecting）的要难得多。故
选C。
43. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然花了一段时间，但我已经开始习惯没有网络的生活了。A. stopping停
止；B. starting开始；C. continuing继续；D. refusing拒绝。根据空前“It has taken a while but”可知，作者
开始（starting）习惯不能够轻易上网的生活。故选B。
44. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这段经历让我意识到电脑到底有多有用。A. experience经历；B. conflict冲
突；C. adventure冒险；D. task任务。根据上文提到的本来习惯玩电脑，可是突然电脑坏了，在家不能玩。
可知，这次经历（experience）让作者意识到电脑是真的非常有用。故选A。45. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，也不全是坏事。A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因
此；D. Instead相反。此处前后在逻辑关系上为转折关系，表示虽然电脑很有用，可是（However），却不
是都糟糕。故选A。
46. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我现在睡得好多了，也经常烘焙，我喜欢烘焙，但以前从来没有足够的时
间去做。A. search搜索；B. love爱；C. adjust调整；D. produce产生。根据下文语境“but never used to find
enough time to do.”可知，作者很喜欢（love）烘焙。故选B。
47. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：没有电脑的生活也许没有我想象的那么糟糕，但我已经准备好离开黑暗时
代，回到21世纪了！A. stick坚持；B. object反对；C. contribute贡献；D. return返回。根据空前的“I am
ready to leave the Dark Ages and”可知，作者返回到（return）二十一世纪。故选D。
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Six weeks before his 97th birthday, Giuseppe Paternò fulfilled the dream of a lifetime: He ____48____ (get) a
university degree.
Mr. Paternò’s ____49____ (graduate) has inspired news reports around the world, partly because
____50____ his age. But he has also drawn attention because his life story speaks of commitment, a theme that has
resonated (产生共鸣) as millions of schoolchildren in Italy and elsewhere face extraordinary uncertainty during the
coronavirus pandemic.
Born in Palermo in 1923, the first of seven children in a “ very poor family ” , Mr. Paternò began working
soon after ____51____ (finish) elementary school. It was only after he retired, in the mid-1980s, that he returned to
his books.
“ His story proves that dreams can come true and that you can remain young — if not in age at least in spirit
— if you develop interests. ” said Rosella Cancila, his essay adviser and ____52____ professor of history at the
University of Palermo.
Italy’s university system is based on a three-year degree, ____53____ (follow) by a two-year master’s course.
University officials are hoping that Mr. Paternò ____54____ (continue) his studies.
He isn’t so sure. “ I have to admit that in this moment, I don’t know ____55____ I would handle it with the
same spirit. ” he said, noting that all the attention had been a bit tiring. Still, Mr. Paternò said, he would
____56____ (probable) register anyway. “ I want to keep my _____57_____ (choice) open. ”
【答案】48. got49. graduation
50. of
51. finishing
52. a
53. followed
54. will continue
55. whether ## if
56. probably
57. choices
【答案与解析】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了朱塞佩·帕特诺先生在97岁生日前获得了大学学位，
并因此引起了较大关注。
48. 考查动词时态。句意：在他97岁生日前六周，朱塞佩·帕特诺实现了他一生的梦想：他获得了大学学
位。分析句子结构及空前人称代词可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。此处陈述过去发生的事情，句子时态为
一般过去时，应用动词过去式。get是动词，意为“获得”，其过去式为got。故填got。
49. 考查名词。句意：帕特诺先生的毕业激发了世界各地的新闻报道，部分是由于他的年龄。根据空前名
词所有格Mr. Paternò’s可知，设空处应用名词作主语。graduate是动词，意为“毕业”，其名词形式是
graduation。故填graduation。
50. 考查介词及固定搭配。句意：帕特诺先生的毕业激发了世界各地的新闻报道，部分是由于他的年龄。
根据空后名词his age可知，设空处应用介词。because of是固定搭配，意为“由于”，后面接名词。故填
of。
51. 考查非谓语动词。句意：帕特诺先生于1923年出生于巴勒莫，是一个“非常贫穷的家庭”中七个孩子
中的老大，他在小学毕业后不久就开始工作了。根据空前介词 after可知，设空处应用动名词形式。故填
finishing。
52. 考查冠词。句意：“他的故事可以证明，梦想可以成真，如果你培养兴趣，你可以保持年轻——如果
不是年龄，至少在精神上。”他的论文导师、巴勒莫大学历史学教授罗塞拉·坎西拉说。根据空后名词
professor可知，设空处应用冠词。此处表示泛指，且以辅音音素发音，应用不定冠词a。故填a。
53. 考查非谓语动词。句意：意大利的大学系统基于三年制学士学位，然后是两年制硕士课程。分析句子
结构可知，设空处为非谓语动词，且与逻辑主语 degree之间的逻辑关系为被动，应用过去分词作后置定语。
故填followed。
54. 考查动词时态。句意：学校的负责人们希望帕特诺先生继续他的学业。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用动词作谓语。根据上文“University officials are hoping that”可知，句子时态为一般将来时。故用 will
continue。
55. 考查宾语从句。句意：“我不得不承认，在这一刻，我不知道是否我会以同样的精神来处理它，”他
说，并指出最近的关注让自己有些疲惫。根据空前动词don’t know可知，设空处应用连词引导宾语从句。
结合句意，句中缺乏“是否”之意，帕特诺先生不确定是否会以同样的精神处理事情。故填whether或if。
56. 考查副词。句意：不过，帕特诺先生说，无论如何，他都会可能入学。分析句子结构，设空处应用副
词修饰动词register。故填probably。
57. 考查名词复数。句意：我想要保留选择的余地。结合句意，此处表达的选择不仅只有一个，应用名词
复数形式。故填choices。
2
阅读下列材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或用括号内单词的正确形式。
I was on a train in Switzerland. The train came to a stop and the conductor’s voice over the loudspeaker
____58____ (deliver) a message in German, Italian, and French. I’d made the mistake of not learning any of those
languages before my vacation.
Everyone started getting off the train and an old woman saw that I was ____59____ (confuse). She could
speak some English and told me that an accident had happened on the ____60____ (track). She asked me where I
was trying to get to, then went and talked to some workers, and came back to tell me that we’d have to get on trains
three or four times to get there.
I was really glad she was heading ____61____ same way because it would have been impossible for me to
figure it ____62____ on my own. So we went from one train station to the next, getting to know each other along
the way.
She was really the ____63____ (sweet) woman. It was a 2.5-hour journey in total, and ____64____ we made
it to the final destination, we got off and said our goodbyes. I had made it just in time to catch my train to Rome.
She told me she had a train to catch as well. I asked her how much farther she had to go and ____65____ turned
out that her home was two hours back the other way.
She had jumped from train to train and traveled the whole way just ____66____ (make) sure that I made it. I
was in shock. A woman spent her whole day sitting on trains and taking her hours away from her home just to help
out a confused tourist ____67____ (visit) her country.
【答案】58. delivered
59. confused60. tracks
61. the
62. out
63. sweetest
64. when
65. it
66. to make
67. visiting
【答案与解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在异国他乡坐火车时遇到一个好心的人，全程给作者
指引方向。
58. 考查动词时态。句意：火车停了下来，喇叭里传来售票员用德语、意大利语和法语传递信息的声音。
分析句子可知，deliver在句中作谓语动词。根据上下文判断出应该用一般过去时，主语 voice和deliver之
间为主动传播，故答案为delivered。
59. 考查形容词。句意：每个人都开始下车，一个老妇人看到我很困惑。根据空前的 I was可知，此处应该
填写修饰人的形容词，故填confused。
60. 考查名词。句意：她会说一些英语，告诉我说轨道上发生了一些问题。根据常识判断，轨道是复数，
故填tracks。
61. 考查冠词。句意：我很高兴她也走了同样的路，因为要我自己弄清楚是不可能的。根据“same way”可
知，此处应该填定冠词，故填the。
62. 考查固定搭配。句意：我很高兴她也走了同样的路，因为要我自己弄清楚是不可能的。figure out为固
定搭配，意为“弄明白”，故填out。
63. 考查形容词最高级。句意：她真的是最好心的女人。根据空前的“the”可知，此处应该填写形容词最高
级，故填sweetest。
64. 考查连词。句意：当我们到达了最终的目的地，我们下了车互相道别。分析句子可知，此处是时间状
语从句，故填when。
65. 考查代词。句意：我问她还得走多远，结果发现她家要从另一条路回去两小时。It turned out that ...为固
定句型，意为“结果是......”，故填it。
66. 考查非谓语动词。句意：她从一辆火车跳到另一辆火车，一路走来，只为了确保我能赶上。分析句意
可知，此处是表示目的，故用不定式，故填to make。
67. 考查非谓语动词。句意：一个女人花了一整天的时间坐在火车上，远离自己的家，只是为了帮助一个困惑的游客去她的国家。分析句子成分可知，visit在句中作后置定语，修饰tourist，且两者之间为主动关
系，故填visiting。
3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Any bird that crossed his path would be eaten by Rex, a German shepherd. Rex___68___(rescue) from his
previous shelter, where he was going to be put down after a biting incident. Last year, he___69___(eventual)
arrived at Puriton Horse and Animal Rescue.
Geraldine was a goose abandoned by owners who could no longer put up ___70___ her. She wasn’t exactly
the picture of ___71___(warm), either, when she arrived at the same shelter three months ago. The dog and the
goose were individually given labels like cruel and dangerous. Neither seemed particularly harmonious with
humans or even members of their own species.
But when the two ___72___(annoy) creatures were offered a chance to hang out together, something magical
happened. They chased each other when first ___73___(introduce), but Geraldine stood up for herself and that was
that. They just fell in love with each other.
“I’ve been doing rescue work since 1997 and seen all ___74___(kind) of strange animal behavior, but I’ve
never seen anything like this,” said Sheila Brislin, ____75____is the founder of the shelter. “It’s so amusing to see
them because they love each other to bits. They are very affectionate. She just___76___ (run) around alongside him
all day long and whenever we take him for ____77____walk in the woods she has to come, too.”
【答案】68. was rescued
69. eventually
70. with
71. warmth
72. annoying
73. introduced
74. kinds
75. who
76. runs
77. a
【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。任何穿过Rex路的鸟都会被德国牧羊犬Rex吃掉。文章叙述的是Rex
和其他动物相处的故事。68. 考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：Rex从他以前的避难所中被救出，在一次咬人的事件后，他将
被杀死。句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，主语是Rex，单数第三人称形式，故答案为was rescued。
69. 考查副词。此处arrived是动词，副词修饰动词，故答案为eventually。
70. 考查固定词组。put up with忍受，故答案为with。
71. 考查名词。句意：三个月前，当她到达同一个收容所时，她也不是那种温暖感觉。结合句意此处用名
词形式，故答案为warmth。
72. 考查形容词。句意：但是，当这两种令人讨厌的生物被提供一个一起出去玩的机会时，神奇的事情发
生了。annoying讨厌的，故答案为annoying。
73. 考查过去分词做时间状语。句意：当他们第一次被介绍时，他们互相追逐。句子主语 They 和
introduce之间是被动关系，此处是过去分词做时间状语，故答案为introduced。
74. 考查固定词组。all kinds of各种各样的，故答案为kinds。
75. 考查非限制性定语从句。此处Sheila Brislin是先行词，指人，在后面的非限制定语从句中做主语，故
答案为who。
76. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：她整天和他在一起，每当我们带他到树林里散步的时候，她也要来。结
合句意可知句子用一般现在时态，句子主语是she，故答案为runs。
77. 考查不定冠词。句意：她整天和他在一起，每当我们带他到树林里散步的时候，她也要来。for a walk
散步，故答案为a。
