2.12读后续写攻略-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（通用版）_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版（老高考）复习资料_一轮复习

2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(人教版 2019) 读后续写攻略读 1 考点复习 目录 1 读后续写源语篇如何“读” 2 情节如何实现连贯一致 3 人物特征如何凸显 4 续写语篇如何布局 5 续写表达如何实现精准 读后续写源语篇如何“读” 读后续写所考查的是考生的理解信息 、语言运用 、逻辑关系和创造性思维等能 力 。读后续写需要 先阅读，后续写， 这也说 明 “写 ” 的前提是 “读 ”。 解题的关键是整体阅读并理解整个故事。 一、读情节 读透故事情节， 重点抓住两条线：（1） 明线，即动作线：理顺主要人物的动作过程， 我们阅读时 采取标注动词的方法， 关注动词呈现的先后顺序， 弄清故事中人物做了什么 。 （2）暗线，即情感线：阅读过程中，重点标注表示人物情感的形容词和副词 。如果找不到描写人物情感 的形容词或副词，可以通过他们的动作或对话，分析他们的情感变化。 实例分析 阅读下面材料， 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段， 使之构成一篇完整的短文 。 Arthur was messy. He didn’t try to make messes, neither did he try to clean up much. His socks never made it into the hamper(洗 衣 篮 ). And he only picked up his toys when Mom threatened to throw them away. Most days, Mom followed Arthur around the house and cleaned up after him. She brushed the crumbs (碎 屑) into her hand and threw them away after meals. She picked up his socks and made sure they got washed, dried and folded neatly be- fore going back in the drawer. One day, Mom asked Arthur to pick up his toy trains. He was reading a comic book and he was still reading, saying nothing. The trains had been on the living room floor since the morning. “You know what, Arthur? I’m not going to ask you again. I’m done cleaning today. ”And with that， Momput her feet up on the sofa and picked up a book to read. At dinner time, Arthur noticed that there was a big pile of crumbs at his place at the table. After dinner, Arthur’s feet felt cold. He went to his room and opened his drawer, but the drawer was empty.“Mom, where are my socks?” Arthur called. “ There weren’t any socks in your hamper, so I didn’t wash them,” Mom said. Arthur felt unhappy. Now his feet would be cold, unless he wanted to wear dirty socks from the floor. He de- cided to stay barefoot. When it was time for bed, Arthur said good night to Mom and turned to go upstairs. Arthur stepped right on his toy train in his bare feet.“Ouch!” cried Arthur.“That really hurt !” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答 。 He turned to mom for help. However, Mom was still reading Having put away the toy train, he caught sight of the dirty （一）标注动词， 理顺情节 首先标注描写 Arthur 和 Mom 的动词， 推断人物性格特征。 1 . 描写 Arthur 的动词 ... he only picked up his toys when Mom threatened to throw them away. ... .. One day, Mom asked Arthur to pick up his toy trains. He was reading a comic book and he was still reading, saying nothing ...... Arthur’s feet felt cold. He went to his room and opened his drawer, but the drawer was empty. “ Mom, where are my socks?” Arthur called ...... Arthur stepped right on his toy train in his bare feet.“Ouch!” cried Arthur.“That really hurt !” Arthur不主动收拾自己的物品，除非妈妈说要扔掉才行动。当妈妈叫他收拾玩具火车， 他无动于衷， 继续看书；当脚凉了，在抽屉里没有找到袜子，于是对妈妈喊叫；上楼进 房间， 不小心踩到了玩具火车， 脚很痛。从动词呈现的先后顺序就能明晰 故事发展的情节， 也能体会到Arthur有不整理自己物品的坏 习惯。 2 . 描写 Mom 的动词 Most days, Mom followed Arthur around the house and cleaned up after him. She brushed the crumbs (碎屑 ) into her hand and threw them away after meals. She picked up his socks and made surethey got washed, dried and folded neatly before going back in the drawer. And with that, Mom put her feet up on the sofa and picked up a book to read. 由此可以看出， 很多时候妈妈都是帮 Arthur 收拾东西，但有一天，妈妈一反常态， 翘 起脚看书， 不帮收拾了。可以推断，妈妈已意识到过度帮助孩子不是好事，要想办法教育孩子了。 （二）关注人物情感的变化 我们要重点标注反映人物情感状态的形容词或者副词，以及语言描写。 以 Arthur 为例 。 Arthur was messy. He didn’t try to make messes ... .. Arthur’s feet felt cold. He went to his room and opened his drawer, but the drawer was empty. “Mom, where are my socks?”Arthur called... .. “There weren’t any socks in your hamper, so I didn’t wash them,” Mom said. Arthur felt unhappy ...... Arthur said good night to Mom and turned to go upstairs. Arthur stepped right on his toy train in his bare feet. “ Ouch! ” cried Arthur. “That really hurt !” 从这些形容词和 Arthur 所说的话不难发现他情感的变化：一直messy，因为有妈妈帮着整理→ 妈妈 叫他捡玩具火车，他“无动于衷”→ 脚变“冷”，无袜子，询问无果→“不开心”， 因为妈妈没有帮他 洗袜子→“生气委屈”，因为他踩到了玩具火车，脚痛 。从暗线分析，也能理顺文章的情节走向，理清 文章脉络。为续写提供了情节支持与人物性格的“人设”支持，避免写偏 。 二、读语言 读后续写要做到 “内容要创造，语言要模仿”。为此，我们读的时候，务必关注文章的语言特点和 风 格，以便让“写”有道可循，为续写做好语言的模仿和铺垫 。语言特点和风格主要体现在以下两个方 面 ： （1）宏观方面：首先是文体，读后续写的文章多为记叙文， 以故事的形式呈现， 语言生动，描 写丰富，如环境描写、动作和心理描写的语言都比较丰富 。其次叙事的顺序一般是按照时间先后顺序 。 所以学生阅读时， 要特别标记表示时间 衔接的过渡词 。 (2) 微观方面： 首先关 注 时 态。故事一般用过去时态， 如一般过去时， 过去完 成 时， 过去 将来时等等 。 其次， 关注文章的谋篇行文形式， 在表达作者情感方面是否通过强化动作描写和对话描 写？ 最后， 标记重复使用的高频动词或者名词， 在续写文章中可以 “ 借用”；同 时，关注一 些句 式，如 with 表示伴随等；过去分词和现在分词的 使 用 。这些语言现象在续写中的使用能够增加情节的 融洽度，让阅卷老师觉得， 原文与续写段落风格是一致的。 结合以上两 点，回 归 本 文 例 子，我们要借用或模仿的语言有： （1）动词的使 用 。文中使用了大量的动词， 形成动作链， 增强了情境的画面感 。 如描写妈 妈如何收拾整理物品的 语言就非常具体生动，如 follow, clean up, brush, throw, pick up, get washed,dry, fold 等 。 Most days, Mom followed Arthur around the house and cleaned up after him. She brushed the crumbs ( 碎 屑 ) into her hand and threw them away after meals. She picked up his socks and made sure they got washed, dried and folded neatly before going back in the drawer. 因 此， 我们要模仿这种行文技巧，让先后发生的几个动词，形成动作链，有利于增强文章的感染力 。 （2）语言描写。需要提醒的是，语言描写要与人物当时的动作和情感保持一致 。如： “You know what, Arthur？ I’m not going to ask you again. I’m done cleaning today. ”And with that, Mom put her feet up on the sofa and picked up a book to read. 对话内容“你知道吗，Arthur？ 我不会再问你，我今天打扫完了。”与动作 “把脚搁在沙发上，拿 起一本书来读”表达的内容是一致的：妈妈不再帮他收拾了 。 （3）衔 接 词 语 。本文使用了以下表示时间的过渡性短语或从句： One day, Mom asked Arthur to pick up his toy trains ... At dinner time, Arthur noticed that there was a big pile of crumbs at his place at the table. After dinner, Arthur’s feet felt cold. He went to his room and opened his drawer, but the drawer was empty. “Mom, where are my socks？” Arthur called. When it was time for bed, Arthur said good night to Mom and turned to go upstairs ... 我们在叙写过程中，也要学会模仿原文这种衔接手法，使叙事更加连贯清晰 。 三、读首句 首句即命题者给出的需要我们续写的两个段落的首句。如何读懂首句至关重要，因 为 首句就是 “潜台词”，隐含着情节的走向，读懂它，我们就能合理地推断情节, 构思续写框架。 （一）关注句意衔接 首先，解读原文最后一句与所给续写首段的首句的句意，推测下一句的情节，避免句意逻辑断层 。 原文末句： Arthur stepped right on his toy train in his bare feet. “Ouch!” cried Arthur.“That really hurt ! ” (阿瑟光着脚正 好踩在他的玩具火车上。 “哎哟!” 亚瑟叫道。“真的很疼!”) 续写的首段首句：He turned to mom for help. However, Mom was still reading and said nothing. (他向妈妈求助。然而，妈妈仍然在看书，什么也没说) 由此推断，下一句的信息应该是写亚瑟的反应，而且是一些负面情绪的反应，因为他受 伤了，求助 妈妈，但妈妈无动于衷。所以亚瑟要么生气，要么不解，要么委屈等等 。这里通过一些动作以及语言描 写来勾画当时的情绪 。如： Seeing his mother’s response, he burst into anger. “Why are you socold!” He shouted ... 其次，通过第二段首句反推第一段的情节发展，做好续写首段末尾与第二段首句的句意衔接 。 续写第二段首句： Having put away the toy train, he caught sight of the dirty socks. (他把玩具火 车放好后，看到了脏袜子) 由句中 “having put away the toy train” 可推断， 第一段应该要写 Arthur如何收拾玩具火车的情 节。 当然，是什么驱使他完成这个动作，按照故事情感的发展由消极走向积极的原则， 可以推断他认识 到自己的错误， 怀着懊悔和羞愧情感完成了“收拾”的动作 。 （二）读出 “首句” 的关键信息， 合理推测续写情节 如第一段首句的关键信息是亚瑟求助妈妈， “妈妈没有回应”。 据此， 可自我叩问：最终妈妈帮 助了Arthur吗？帮助了他什么呢？怎么帮助？ 为什么帮助了他？ 这些问题链的提出，有利于使情节逐渐 浮出水面，情节不会远离核心内容。又如第二段首句的关键信息是“看到了脏袜子了”。 因此，后面的 写作思路应该是围绕着如何处理脏袜子，而不是其他物品 。 综上所述，除了读原文以外，源语篇的“读”还包括读题目提供的首句，千万不要忽略续写首句的重 要性。我们要读出 “写作关键信息”，为续写内容做好逻辑衔接 。 四、读主题 根据高考试题的有育人功能可知，读后续写故事的最后，问 题、矛盾或冲突最终一定会 得到解决 。 故事中的人物经过一系列情绪或心理活动之后，必将从消极走向积极，最终明白一个道理或者实现了自我 成长。就本例子而言，亚瑟从一 个messy 的男孩， 在妈妈的教育和帮助下，学会自律和独立，最终改掉 了“脏乱”的坏习惯，实现了自我成长。 情节如何实现连贯一致 读后续写是语言模仿与创造性使用的有 机结合，是语言理解与产出交互协同、相互促 进的结果，有 助于激发学生的想象力、创造力， 达到以读促写、以写促读的外语学习效果 。读 后续写的阅读材料一 般以叙事性文本为主，故 事情节多有曲折，故事线索清晰，逻辑性强。 目前学生在读后续写中存在的问 题主要有续 写情节偏离主题、续文结构松散无序、语言知 识不足以表达思想等 。情节在读后续写中占 据十分重要的地位，一个好的情节会让人产生 情感共鸣与价值认同 。然而，在续写过程中， 学生往往 会出现续写情节偏离主题、隐性话语（伏笔）未能 回应、内容单薄、因果不清、时空混乱、角色引 入失 当、结局模糊与价值升华缺失等现象，表 明他们缺乏情节设置的基本策略 。长此以往， 学生难免会产 生读后续写的畏难情绪 。为此， 培养学生读后续写的情节设置策略是广大英 语教师的重要关切。 情节是叙事性文本的构成要素之一，由一 系列相互关联的事件构成，是叙事性文本中最为典型、最为生动的内容 。解读叙事性文本， 不仅应抓住情节的起因、发展、高潮、结局，更 应抓住情节的内在 冲突、矛盾等[ 1] 。一方面， 高考续写内容主要集中在情节的高潮和结局 部分 。此部分反映个体经验 及思想上的困惑 与冲突、危机的出现或转折、矛盾冲突以某种 方式得到解决及事件的最终结局 。因而， 合理 的续写情节应包括矛盾冲突、危机转折、问题 解决和最终结局 。另一方面，高考读后续写不 是独 立存在的，它是已有叙事情节的延续，这 就要求学生在主题、情感、人物和事件等方面 与已有情节保持 一致 。本文基于情节内涵，以 历次高考读后续写试题为例，探究情节设置的 基本策略，以期助力学生 输出关联因果、聚焦 主题、符合实际、自然流畅的续写情节。 一、研读续写源语篇，确定故事主题 读后续写，首先在于“读”。“读”的一个重 要意图在于确定材料的主题 。主题也称之为“中心思 想”，是语篇的灵魂 。因此，续写情节应紧紧围绕主题这个核心，突显 主题的现实价值和情感意义。主 题的确定有两条途径：一是提炼，二是感悟。认识事物是由浅入深、由表及里的过程。我们要对已有材料 进 行分析、归纳、筛选，并从不同的角度进行比较鉴别，去粗取精，由感性到理性，这样才能提炼 出事 物的本质和深刻的主题 。感悟来自苦思 而产生的灵感 。苦思的过程就是对材料信息 进行去伪存真、由 表及里的感悟过程。主题始终蕴藏着作者的意图或价值取向。主题一般包括中心内容与价值取向两个方面。 中心内容是文章所负载的信息 。价值取向是作者想要通过作品传达的思想。作者可能会用标题、一个词、 一句话或一段话呈现主题，而学生需要敏锐地获取这些关键信息以提炼出主题及作者的价值取向 。一般 来说，作者的价值取向包括历史意义、伦理意义、人生意义、现实价 值、情感价值等。 二、寻找语篇隐性话语（隐性话语（伏笔）），发现隐藏在故事背后的问题 隐性话语（隐性话语（伏笔））是上文看似无关紧要的事或物，对下文将要出现的人物或事件预先作 出的某种提示或暗示。隐性话语（伏笔）有以下三种作用：为故事的展开服务，给予读者暗示；制造悬念， 提高读 者继续阅读的兴趣；强调伏线必须有始有终， 前文的迹象提示必在后文中体现 。阅读材料中的 隐性话语（伏笔）在续写部分得以体现，才能使得续 文情节合情合理，即学生在续写中要遵循“寻找隐 性话语（伏笔）— 回应隐性话语（伏笔）”的写作规则 。然而，隐性话语（伏笔）经常零星散落在试题 材料中，不易发觉 。有 时，试题材料中看似“闲笔”之处却是重要的伏笔信息。学生如何才能精准地找 出“潜伏”在 试题材料中的隐性话语（伏笔）？ 通过梳理历次高考读后 续写试题材料，我们发现，隐 性话语（伏笔）通常体现在特 定的人、物(事件)、语言、情感、主人公期待和 反常情境六个方面 。通过 关注这六个方面， 我们就能找到隐性话语（伏笔），进而通过回应隐性话语（伏笔）来设置合理的情节。 需要注意的是，试题材料中 可能会有很多隐性话语（伏笔），而续写内容不可能回应 所有隐性话语（伏 笔），这就需要学生选取有助于推动情 节发展或能突显试题材料价值取向的隐性话语（伏笔）来 设置情 节 。例如，以 2021 年6月浙江卷读后续写试题的隐性话语（伏笔）及其回应为例进行详细阐述：【物(事件)】 隐性话语（伏笔）： ①My dad earned money to pay family expenses from age 14. ②I didn’t really understand his world. ③ I thought that I would surpass anything he had accomplished after high school gradua- tion. ④I planned to do with the pay as I wished. ⑤I wasn’t interested more work. ⑥I understood immediately what my parents were worried about. ⑦ the truck 回应： ①He exerted all his energies to support the family without any bitter words. ② I now understand all the efforts my dad put into the family. ③I would never surpass what my dad did for the family due to my little responsibility tak- en for the household. ④I decided to contribute all my money to mend the truck instead of buying a new basket- ball. ⑤That night, before I went to bed, I decided to continue my work if I could because I learned the true meaning of growing up. ⑥⑦My parents had intended to fix the bro- ken truck but couldn’t get enough money to afford it. 通过梳理试题材料中人、物(事件)、语言、 情感、主人公期待及反常情境等隐性话语（伏笔）信息， 我们能够快速把握叙事的情节，找到矛盾冲突的 原因，进而发现亟待解决的问题。 三、丰富故事情节的内涵，突出问题解决的实际意义 历次高考读后续写试题材料多为遇险脱困、生活趣事等常见的个体经历，其情节主线并不复杂 。学 生三言两语便能写完情节主线内容，而这又引发了另一个问题： 学生写出的情节徒有主线骨架，并无 “血肉”。 例如，2021 年新高考I卷读后续写试题中写完 Jenna 和 Jeff做好早餐送到母亲床前，看着母 亲吃完早餐的时候，是否就应该结束续写呢？其实不然。 我们还可以从环境、心理、动作、语言和情感 等五个方面着手，丰富情节内容，推动问题的解决。 四、聚焦事件发生始末，确保叙事的层次性 叙事文本就是叙述人物活 动、事件发生经过、作者抒发情感的语篇，其结 构一般遵循以下三种顺序： （1） 时间顺序：叙事主要用来叙述过去发生的事件，这个 事件既可以是真实的，也可以是虚构的 。 叙事的特点是，叙事中事件发生的时间顺序就是事件实际发生的时间顺序。如果叙述的时间发生改变，那 么叙述的事件也会发生相应改变 。例如：事件一：On the way home full of excitement, I thought about how to make use of the “huge”sum of money.“I need a new football in the future.”I whispered to myself. Approaching my house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck of my family, looking sad. 事件二：On the way home full of excitement, I thought about how to make use of the “huge”sum of money. Approaching my house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck of my family, looking sad.“I need a new football in the future.” 事件一是基于 2021年6月 浙江卷读后续写试题材料进行的续写，其传递的是作者可能会改变钱的用 途，将钱用于解决家里的困难 。而事件二则恰恰相反，其传递出作者即便知道了家里的困难，仍然想买 新足球的想法 。事件一、二传达的意义之所以大相径庭，原因就在于改变了叙述的时间。 （2）空间顺序：叙事文本尤其是关于景物的叙事文本，常常会出现空间位移的现象，这在一定程度 上是 由于景物都是以一定的空间为背景的 。空间位移一般可以分为两种：一种是以作者的位置 为中心， 推向其他人或物的位置；另 一种是作者在行动中，按行动路线所涉及的空间逐个叙事状物，即人们常说 的“移步换形”。 例如： (2018年6月浙江卷读后续写 ) I knew we had gotten hopelessly lost. After seemingly ages, there came a loud cry of my dad. As a quick response, I shouted in a loud voice.“Dad, I’m here!”Tracing my voice, Dad finally found me and we got reunited. ( 2021年6月浙江卷读后续写)On the way home full of excitement, I thought about how to make use of the“huge” sum of money. Approaching my house, I noticed my dad and mom standing beside the old truck of my family, looking sad. That night, before I went to bed, I decided to continue my work if I could because I learned the true mean- ing of growing up. （3）情感顺序：情感顺序指将客观事物固有的逻辑关系巧妙地组合在思想情感发展的线索中，组成一 个层次式的语篇，体现了人在认识事物过程中的情感变化与不断成长的心路历程，以及面对 矛盾冲突时 的思想转变和情感变化 。情感层次的不断提升不仅有助于推动情节的发展、矛盾冲突的解决，更有助于 突显语篇的情感价值，进一步升华主题 。例如： ( 2021 年6月浙江卷读后续写 ) From age 14, my dad earned and used it to pay family expenses. I didn’t really understand his world either. At home, my dad said, “A job’s a big step to growing up. I’m glad you will be contributing to the household. ”My dad’s words made me realize that my earnings might not be mine to do with as I wished. My labors lasted about two weeks, and the farmer said there might be more work, but I wasn’t interested. I decided it was not fair that I had to contribute my money. I understood immediately what my parents were worried about. My parents had intended to buy a new truckbut couldn’t get enough money to afford it. Suddenly, I realized what I should do my part in the family responsibilities. Hold- ing the money, I said,“Dad, here is what I got for my work. I hope it would help. ”That night, before I went to bed, I decided to continue my work if I could because I learned the true mean- ing of growing up. 2021 年6月浙江卷读后续写试题材料体现出作者情感 层次的不断递进和升华 。首先，语篇描写了作者 情感的第一层次---自私 。作者不理解为 何父亲从小就赚钱养家，对父亲暗示他要将打 工赚来的钱用于 补贴家用较为抵触 。两周后，作者便萌生了不愿再工作的想法，并认为将自 己辛苦赚来的钱用于补贴家 用是不公平的 。接着，语篇描写了作者情感的第二层次---责 任 。当作者意识到父母因没有足够的钱购 买 全家赖以生存的卡车而担忧时，他主动把赚来的钱交给父母。最后，语篇描写了作者情感的第三层 次---成长 。作者决定继续工作，主动承担起一份家庭责任 。上述语篇通过情感描写的不断递进，既推动 了情节的发展，又突显了主题。 五、基于故事进展引入新角色，以合理解决矛盾冲突 续写内容中最主要的情节就是故事的高潮部分。所谓高潮就是矛盾冲突激化最激烈、 涉事各方最终 角力即将分出胜负的关键节点。一旦矛盾冲突得以解决，叙事就走向结局。在有些情形下，主人公会碰到 自己无法解 决的矛盾冲突，此时就需要叙事材料中其他涉 事人或物来帮助主人公走出困境 。如果协助 主人公走出困境的其他人或物已在试题材料 中出现，我们称之为介质。介质在高考读后续 写试题中经常 出现。介质就是作者安排的某 个人物或事件为下一个人物或事件的出现埋 下的隐性话语（伏笔）。如果 协助主人公走出困境的人 物或事件没有出现在试题材料中，或试题材料 只是暗示这一人物或事件即将出 现，我们称之 为第三方角色 。第三方角色引入的唯一目的 就是帮助主人公脱离困境，使叙事朝着主人所期待的结局发 展 。例如，2020年7月浙江卷读后续写试题最后解决人熊大战这一矛盾冲突的第三方角色是护林员 (rangers)。护林员这个角色虽然在所给材料中并未出现，但试题材料已对其进行了暗示“I radioed the camp manager for help. He told me a helicopter was on its way. ”。叙事情节中矛盾冲突的解决要遵循 “意料之外，情理之中”的原则，即无论作 者设计的情节多么惊险曲折，介质的回应或第 三方角色的引 入必须合乎情理，并能助力问题 的解决。 六、点明人物或故事的结局，回应源语篇的隐性话语 结局是指一系列事件的结束，包括人或物 的下场、目的的实现或失败等。叙 事的结局是指主要矛盾 冲突解决后至故事结束的阶段。在此阶段，事件最终以符合主人公 预期的结局收尾，即便结局不符合主 人公预期，那也对主人公有着重要的意义或价值。结局是建立在开端、发展、高潮基础上的对整个故事情 节所做的最后完结和交待，其不是孤立存在的，具有不可替代性。结局若设置巧妙则 对作品的内容、主 旨都具有画龙点睛之用；结 局若草率结束则成狗尾续貂之憾。结局的设置有虚实两种情况 。虚的结局是指作者不直截了当告知读者事件的准确结局，而是留有 空间让读者去想象；实的结局是指作者明确告知 读者事件的结局 。例如， 在 2018 年 6 月浙江卷读后续写试题中，对于“we”能否找到回农场的路， 虚的结局可以设置为“And just when all hope seemed lost, anxious shouts were heard in the distance with torches coming into sight. ”，实的结局则可以设置为“Finally, Uncle Paul found us and we were back, safe and sound. ”。因此，成功的结局只是叙事活动在时空上的暂时停止，其文本的现实价值与精 神意 义由读者去想象和阐释，从而赋予文本更长久 的生命力。 人物特征如何凸显 读后续写题是 2016 年出现的高考英语新题型，要求考生根据试卷所提供的短文、段首句和关键词对 文章进行续写，续写内容要与短文内容在逻辑上衔接，与原文章共同构成情节和结构完整的叙事文 。读 后续写要求学生具备深厚的语言文字功底、清晰的写作思路、一定的表达技巧、丰富的想象力和创造力， 对于教师的教学和学生的学习都提出了巨大的挑战。读后续写的文体要求是记叙文，学生对于记叙文的写 作并不陌生，然而想写出让人眼前一亮的高质量记叙文却并非易事 。很多学生在记叙文的人物描写方面 常常出现模式僵化、语言呆板、手法单一、行文赘述等现象，不能将人物特征用简练的语言表现得淋漓尽 致，难以吸引阅卷人的目光 。人物描写是记叙文写作的核心和灵魂，主要包括情绪描写、动作描写、心 理描写、语言描写等，其目的是刻画人物性格，表现人物的思想品质，表达文章主题，抒发人物情感 。 在读后续写时，学生对于人物的描写应力求做到生动传神、栩栩如生，使老师在阅卷时如闻其声，如睹其 容，对人物形象产生全方位、立体化的深刻印象 。为此，本篇文章从情绪描写、动作描写、心理描写和 语言描写四个方面，阐释了如何在读后续写中全方位、立体化地凸显人物性格，刻画人物的思想品质，展 现人物的内心独白和抒发人物的情感，以期为高中英语教师的读后续写教学提供一些新思路。 一、利用情绪描写，凸显人物性格 情绪描写是指对于人物在特定场景中的主观心理状态和变化的描写，而由于某种特定事件而引发的情 绪一定会伴随外部特征的表现，例如面部表情、眼神、肢体动作等，因此高中英语教师在训练学生进行情 绪描写时可以先激发学生的想象力，想象不同的情绪特征会有怎样的外部表现 。例如人在内心不安和焦 急的时候可能会来回踱步、眉头紧皱；人在愤怒的时候可能会满脸通红、拳头紧握；人在悲痛的时候可能 会两手抱头、沉默不语…… 例如，2021年新高考I卷读后续写题目的写作为例，试卷给出的短文描写了一对双胞胎决定在母亲节 这一天为母亲悄悄做一顿早饭，给母亲一个惊喜，然而在做饭的过程中遇到了种种困难的小故事。我们在 仔细阅读原文以后，发现了一些关键信息：惊喜；做饭；困难。阅读题目给出的两个自然段的段首句后， 我们基本可以确定故事情节的大致走向：父亲出现帮助双胞胎完成了这顿早饭，母亲收到了这份生日惊喜非常感动。通过思考和分析，大部分学生都认为这个故事的情节比较简单，故事线也比较明显，人物也是 日常生活中常见的人物 。为了将普通的父亲和母亲的人物形象刻画得更加入木三分，我们可以进行换位 思考：If you were a father who were woken up by a noise when he was sleeping in the morning, and came to the kitchen, you found that two children had made a mess of the kitchen, what would you feel? 我们马上想到这位父亲这时候应该是非常生气的，脸上会带着愤怒的表情气冲冲地来到厨房 。因此我们 可以说：Judging from his expression, he was very angry when he saw the mess in the kitchen. 我们在用 英语进行人物的情绪描写时，常出现用词和表达生硬，缺乏感受力和生命力等问题，无法将人物性格表现 得丰满形象，因此我们可以通过身体各个部位的表现来侧面衬托人物情绪，运用比喻、 夸张等修辞手段 提升语言的感染力和表现力，使人物形象跃然纸上，给人以难以磨灭的印象。 二、细化动作描写，刻画思想品质 人的动作受其思想和性格的影响。在记叙文中作者通过对人物的动作进行具体而细致的描写，能从侧 面 衬托人物的思想品质和性格特征，表现人物的心理活动，推动故事情节的发展。成功的动作描写能够使 读者感受到人物的栩栩如生，充分展示人物的内心世 界，将人物形象树立得更加鲜明、完整和立体。例 如，2021年新高考I卷读后续写的第一自然段父亲出场以后，为了推动故事情节的发展，这里要对父亲的 一系列动作 进行描写，比如父亲拍了拍双胞胎的肩膀鼓励他们，父亲决定要帮他们做饭等。我们可以这 样描述父亲的动作：The father learned about the twins’ plan. He patted them on the shoulder and said that he would help them finish the surprise breakfast.我们还可以用非谓语动词将两句话合并，并在动词前 添加副词使表述更加生动：After learning about the twins’ plan, the father happily patted them on the shoulders and promised that … 与静态的肖像描写相比，动作描写贵在能够将人物的动态特征确切生动地表现出来。在进行动作描写 时，学生通常出现动词和句式重复使用的现象，在表述上也经常出现句式杂糅和表述不清的错误。教师在 训练学生进行读后续写活动时，应引导学生学会将人物的一系列动作进行分解，然后通过谓语动词和非谓 语动词将几个动作串联在句子中，使表述重点突出，语法正确，句意明确 。除此之外，为了使表述更加 简单明了，学生在写作时应尽量使用一些语义明确的特殊动词避免使用语义不明确的普通动词，例如尽量 选用 whisper/state/shout/promise 等有具体含义的“说”来代替无具体含义的“say”。 三、强化心理描写，展现内心独白 心理描写是对人物内心心理活动的描写，能够实时展现文章中人物对于特殊事物的内心感受和真实想 法，有直接描写和间接描写之分 。直接描写主要是通过内心独白的方式来直接展现人物的想法，而间接 描写是结合环境描写、动作描写等方式侧面表现人物的内心活动。 在用英语进行人物活动刻画时，应该注重表现方式的多样化，避免重复使用“feel/think/sense”等词汇，以免给人以语言刻板、僵硬的印象 。以2021年新高考I卷读后续写题目为例，试卷提供的原文中有一个细 节可以利用到我们的续写中，那就是Jeff的手在做饭的时候受伤了 。母亲在看到Jeff的手以后，一定会明 白自己儿子手受伤的原因，内心一定是万分感动和心疼的。这时候可以运用一些细致的心理描写来展现母 亲的内心世界。例如 A warm cur- rent surged in her heart, and her eyes were moistened by the pain as if being pricked by a needle. 除此 之外还可以运用环境描写来侧面烘托人物的内心感受，将人的五官感受与周围的环境相关联，通过联想使 人物与环境融合为一体 。例如，在母亲的卧室中充满着食物的香气，这仿佛使卧室中也变得更加充满魅 力，更加可爱动人了…… 与动作描写、语言描写、肖像描写这种看得见听 得着的表现方式不同，心理描写能够展现人物内心 复 杂的心理活动，揭示人物灵魂深处的世界，使人物形 象更加立体、直观。 四、升华语言描写，抒发情感态度 在读后续写中，对人物语言的描写是抒发人物情感态度，反映人物内心世界的重要手段 。在记叙文 中缺乏了语言描写就缺少了身临其境的参与感，缺少了说服力和表现力。对人物的语言描写要做到生动简 洁，符合人物身份特征，体现人物性格特点，避免出现 学生腔 。在用英语进行语言描写时首先要注意标 点 符号和字母大小写的规范性，其次要简短有力，不要 长篇大论地引用，一般来说一篇文章中语言的描 写控 制在三句话以内。 为了使语言描写给文章增光添彩，我们要学会将语言描写运用到文章的关键位置，使语言描写对于推 动剧情发展和展现人物性格发挥最大作用 。以 2021年新高考I卷读后续写题目为例， 在第二段续写中为 了推动剧情发展，可以使用简洁的 语言描写来完成从厨房到母亲卧室的场景切换，使剧情发展和故事讲 述更加自然，段与段之间衔接得更加 紧密。例如“Happy Mother’s Day!”They couldn’t hide their excitement and shouted in unison.为了进一步 展现母子之间的温情脉脉，在文章收尾的部分我们也 可以 用语言描写的形式展现母亲收到这份惊喜以后的感动和欣慰。 总之，读后续写对学生的思维能力和创造能力要 求较高 。培养学生在读后续写中写出个性化的故事 情节和立体化的人物形象不是一蹴而就的，需要教师 在平时的阅读课中不断分析和渗透写作技巧，在写 作 课中开展精细化的引导和个性化的评价反馈，鼓励学 生热爱写作、勤于写作，不断创作出具有独特鲜 活个 性的人物形象。 续写语篇如何布局 英语读后续写主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、逻辑思维能力、多维想象能力和语言表达能力，旨在落 实立德树人的根本任务，培养学生的英语学科核心素养。在读后续写这类题型中，通常需要对一篇故事性较强的记叙短文进行续写，这类短文具有可读性、可延展性、衔接性、完整性、温情性等特征，多弘扬真、 善、美，传播正能量，或充满意趣性，给读者一定的愉悦感。学生读后续写作品常见问题在考试中，由于 时间所限、对文本解读不到位、理解有失偏颇、词汇知识储备不够、语法运用不灵活等因素，考生的作品 存在着诸多方面的问题。因此，在读后续写过程中，我们就需要整体布局续写语篇。 实例分析 It was a burning hot day in late summer, when my father drove me and my friends Jim and John to the lumber mill(锯木厂) where he was working, to play for several days. The workers ’ working conditions were really poor. Despite of the hot weather, that day the workers were still working hard. They were covered in sweat and sawdust (锯末) , looking discouraged and tired. It was dangerous, back-breaking work that paid very little. They did the job because they had no other suitable work to do to support their families. We decided to play in the forest nearby the mill. So shortly after looking around the big yard of the mill, we three children ran out to the forest before my father could warn us to take care. The dense forest was a place filled with wonders—a truly fun place for kids to play. Behind the big old trees we played hide and seek. We also removed our shoes and climbed to the top of tall trees to see what were in bird nests. Sometimes we quieted down, approached a noise-making insect, caught it and put it into big pockets of my white shirt. With everything seeming so interesting and pleasant, we couldn’t hold back our curiosity and excitement. We three were exploring what attracted each of us when Jim suddenly called out:“Hey! There’s a deer in here!”Hearing this, John and I turned and saw a brown-haired figure lying under a tree. We raced towards it. Sure enough, there lay a beautiful little deer on its side, with bright big eyes looking us with fright. I was about to pat it when Jim said,“The deer must have been injured somewhere, or it couldn’t be lying here.”What he said sounded reasonable. Having examined the deer carefully, we found one of his front legs was seriously hurt and bleeding from a cut. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答 。 “We must do something to stop the bleeding at once.”I said anxiously. Hearing this, the workers at work all came out to see what the matter was.一、布局一：宏观把握语篇主题，预测所给语篇的整体架构关系 语篇主题是作者写作的主旨或某种情感的寄托，所有的故事情节都是围绕着语篇主题展开的，故事情 节对主题 起到“众星捧月”的作用。同学们要想宏观把握语篇的主题，预知完整的故事框架，除了结合 已有的故事情节及命题线索要求还需要特别关注短文的几处地方： （1）文章的标题。标题是文眼，是语篇主题的导向性 浓缩与精华。 （2）已有语篇文本的主题句。这是文章铺叙的 根本和核心，也是预知文章框架的基础和前提。 （3各段落主题句。它们是文章总主题句的分主题句，是为总主题句服务的，同时也是续写后续情节 的前奏和基础。 （4）续写段落首句。续写段落的首句往往是故事的分主题句，对该段落的写 作起导向作用。同学们 要厘清该句与短文所有情节的架构关系，以便进行后续情节的推断与写作。 例如，示例短文是一篇记叙文，谈论的是人与自然的话题。故事的主题是爱护动物、拯救生灵。短文主要 讲述了“我” 和小伙伴去爸爸工作的锯木厂附近的森林玩耍，遇到了一 只受伤的小鹿，以及“我”和 小伙伴如何拯救受伤的小鹿的故事，体现了人与自然共生共存的人文情怀。一般来讲，故事性记叙文的主 题比较明确，要么有明 晰的主题句，要么根据故事情节可以总结、归纳出主题句。 上述短文的故事主题 属于第二种。结合短文内容，我们可以归纳出短文的主题――“Saving a wounded deer”。 二、布局二：关注续写段落首句与前后文的联系，微观预测语篇行文缺失的情节 记叙文一般含有五大要素，即 what、who、 when、where、how。故事情节在铺叙时常分为起、承、 转、合四个部分。首先，阐述故事的起因、时间、地点、人物。其次，阐述故事情节的发展。在故事的发 展过程中，作者通常运用“冲突”手段来延展故事内容，使故事情节跌宕起伏，引人入胜。再次，将故事 的发展推向高潮。最后，矛盾得以化解，故事圆满结束。故事性记叙文通常运用“吊人胃口”的写作手法， 令读者产生一定的代入感，不由自主地去阅读、探寻、解决问题。因此，合理想象与构思是精准续写后续 情节的基石。同学们 在续写情节时，需注意以下几个方面： （1）情节续写：必须:向正能量方向延展才符合作者的本意(禁止天马行空的胡 乱想象与推理) 。 （2）故事的内涵：要丰富，情节要有起伏，:具有审美性、可读性和一定的教育意义。 （3）故事的结尾：往往是故事的主题升华之处。合理续写，进而升华主题是考 查要点。 （4）重视续写段落首句的承上启下作用：分析该承接句与下文情节相呼应的地方，使续写内容与原 文内容连贯、协同、合理，顺理成章。 例如，例文已知线索为：爸爸带“我”和“我”的两个好朋友 去锯木厂玩耍→我了解了那里的工人 们的工作环境与现状 → “我”和朋友们去森林玩耍→ “我”和朋友们发现了一只 受伤的小鹿→ 小鹿 的腿在流血……据此，合理推断故事情节： Para.1：在“我”说出必须先止住伤口的血后， Jim 和 John 有什么反应？ →他们有何建议或做了什 么？ → “我”是怎么做的？ → “我”穿的白衬衫是否可以作为绑带为小鹿止血？ → “我们”是怎样 进行急救的？→ 小鹿的伤势如何？ → 小鹿的伤好了吗？ → 小鹿是否需要人照顾一段时间？ → 从续 段二第一句可推知，“我们”肯定回到锯木厂了，“我们” 喊了什么话让工人们听到声音就跑了出来？ Para.2：工人们听到呼喊后跑出来看到了什么？→他 们有什么反应？ → 小鹿的伤口还需要处理吗？ →爸爸是怎么做的？ → 工人们是怎么想的？→他们做了什么？→他们说了什么？ → “我”有什么样的 感受？ 厘清延展故事的思路后，同学们可以从记忆中调取所 学的语法、词汇和写作的相关知识和技巧，合 理续写，延展成文。 三、布局三：注重情感与文风的协同，保持语篇整体叙述基调 故事性记叙文往往以叙事为主，同时含有主人公的情 感脉络，情文并茂，感人至深，给人以教益。 情感作为文章 的重要脉络，对语篇所承载的人文主题的升华起重要作用。情感，一般分为“直陈式”情 感和“委婉式”情感两种。“直陈式”情感是指直接运用情感词语来描述人物的情感，“委婉式”情感则 指利用感官、表情、声音、体态语言等间接体现人物的某种情感。 此外，行文时，同学们还可以运用比喻、夸张、拟人、拟物等修辞手法描绘人物的情感，亦可运用省 略、倒装、 强调等语法手段来表达人物的情感。为准确表达短文情感，同学们可采用以下策略： （1）积累并拓展词汇 同学们可利用“同义词辨析法”强化同类词汇用法的 广度和深度。比如，“到达”可以用“arrive, reach, get to”等来表达。 如此，“We got to the farm together with some farmers at noon.”这一句还 可以表达为“We arrived at/ reached the farm together with some farmers at noon. ”。又如，“忍受， 容忍”可以用“put up with, stand, bear” 等来表达。如此，“Nancy can’t put up with her toothache any longer.”这一句还可以表达为“Nancy can’t bear her toothache any longer.”。 （2）利用副词的修饰功能展现情绪特征 比如在上述短文中可用“I said anxiously; said John anxiously; bound it tightly; patting it gently; talked excitedly”等 心情类词汇表达出主人公们关心小鹿的伤势、盼望小鹿康 复的急切心情。情感词汇 寓于合理的情节之中，才能彰显出语言的魅力，令读者感受到英语语言之美，体味到语篇主题之情韵。 （3）巧用动词刻画心理特征并进行同义词替换 如“hurry, dash, rush, race, fly”等表现急迫感的动词，可搭配“spot, notice, observe, take notice of, catch a glimpse of”以及表示进入的“break into, burst into, slide into, slip into, steal into”等相关单词或词组使用，使表达更丰盈、更准确，同时避免用词的泛化与重复，增加词汇的丰富性。 四、布局四：合理安排“变式”表达，提升行文流利度 续写部分要求词数控制在150左右，一般位于文中或文末。同学们在写作时，一要正确表达，合理续 写，快速成文；二要适当运用变式表达手法，使行文充满灵性，从而 获得阅卷教师的“点赞”。鉴于此， 同学们可以灵活运用省 略、倒装、强调等特殊句式或结构，使行文言简意赅，辞约义丰。例如： With no path to follow, Alice just walked on for quite a long time. (with 复合结构) Alice kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confused she became. (the ＋比较级， the ＋比较级) Never in her life had she tasted anything better. (否定词置 于句首，主谓语部分倒装) If only she had not left her mobile phone in that bag with Tom. (if only 引导的虚拟语气) 参考范文 bandage!”said John anxiously. Glancing at my white shirt, I had a good idea. Taking it off and tearing it into pieces, I folded them, pressed them onto the cut and bound it tightly. Everything done, we breathed a sigh of relief. Patting it gently, we encouraged the deer to rise. The deer attempted to, but in vain.“It takes him some time to recover. We should first take it to the mill.”Jim suggested. So we three took turns to carry it on our way to the mill. On reaching the mill, I shouted:“Father, we have a wounded deer!” Hearing this, the workers at work all came out to see what the matter was. Seeing the wounded deer ’ health condition, they understood and praised us for that. Then my father attended the wound of the deer with care and recovered it gradually. The unexpected arrival of the lovely guest brightened the day of the tired workers, who talked excitedly, forgetting all about their worries.“Leave it to us, and we’ll take good care of it.”One worker said excitedly.“After it recovers, we’ll return it to nature. Trust us!”Another assured us. The kind workers smiles filled me with a sense of warmth and pride. 续写表达如何实现精准 一、确保句子表述丰富有力的微策略 在读后续写中， 有的同学写的短句过多， 内容不具体，缺乏生动性，导致词数不够。我们可以在简 短句的基础上恰 当添加定语、状语等修饰成分或增加并列结构等， 扩展句子， 丰富内容, 使表达更具体 、更形象 。 （一）利用同位语扩充句子同位语主要使用名词短语和同位语从句 。 例如： (2016年10月浙江卷) She saw her husband. 她看到了她的丈夫 。 There, she saw her husband, a man staring at her, wearing an expression of relief. 在那里， 她看 到了她的丈夫， 一 个正盯着 她看的男人， 带着宽慰的表情 。 【分析】在句首添加了 地点状语There，在 husband 后面增加了同位语 a man staring at her，其后 还有一个分词短语 wearing an expression of relief 做状语， 补充说明丈夫看着她时 流露出来的表情。这 种形象具体的描写，增加了画面感，也提升了整个句子的层次 。 （二）利用状语扩充句子 添加的状语，可以是副词、非谓语动词、介词短语和状语从句等 。 例如： (2016 年 10 月浙江卷) Jane walked on. 简继续走 。 Jane walked on for quite a long time. 简继续走了很长时间 。 With no path to follow, Jane walked on for quite a long time. 因为无路可循， 简继续走了很长时间 。 【分析】添加 for quite a long time 和 with no path to follow 两个做状语的介词短语后， 句子 表达更为生动具体了 。 （三）利用定语扩充句子 定语扩句的主要方式是使用形容词、非谓语动词、介词短语和定语从句等 。 例如： His mother works in a big company. 他母亲在一家大公司工作 。 His loving mother, who used to be an excellent English teacher in a middle school, now works in a big company. 他的慈母，曾经是一名优秀的中学英语老师， 现在在一家大公司工作。 【分析】我们在主语 mother 前添加了形容词loving，更形象地说明了his mother的特征； 在mother 后面添加了who used to be an excellent English teacher in a middle school，内容 更丰富，让读者更加 了解母亲 。 （四）递进式扩充句子 对先后发生的两个或多个连贯动作，可以采用递进式 。主要方式有 (1) 用 and 连接； (2) 用 after that, additionally, furthermore, what’s more, to make things worse 等 。 例如： Mac then jumped off the bicycle. 然后麦克从自行车上跳了下来 。Mac then jumped off the bicycle and he was ready to fight against the wolf. 麦克从自行车上跳下来， 准备跟狼搏斗 。 【分析】 “ 跳下自行车”与“准备搏斗”两个连贯动作，让 Mac 准备跟狼搏斗的形象跃然纸上。 （五）转折式扩充句子 表示转折的有 but, however 等。 例如： Jane kept moving. 简继续往前走 。 Jane kept moving, but the farther she walked, the more confused she became. 简继续往前走， 但她走 得越远， 就越感到困惑 。 【分析】添加后面的转折分句后，暗示着“她可能迷路了”。 （六）因果式扩充句子 除了引导原因状语从句和结果状语从句的连词后，还 有 due to, owing to, on account of, because of, as a result of 等 表 示 原因，therefore, as a result 等表示结果 。 例如： He has broken his leg. 他摔坏了腿 。 He has broken his leg and therefore he can’t walk.他摔坏了腿，因此不能走路了 。 二、实现细节刻画深度有效的微策略 在读后续写的心理描写中，恰当运用虚拟语气，可以委 婉地表达主人公的某种情感， 使人物形象 更生动，增强文章 的可读性 。 （一）“if sb..., sb... ”表达纠结的心情 例如：2021 河北张家口第一次质检题 If I shouldn’t go back on time, the king would kill my friend. If I hadn’t fallen from the horse and got hurt, I would have got to the destination on time. 要是我不准时回去，国王会杀了我的朋 友 。 如果我没有从马上摔下来并受了伤，我也早就按时到达 目 的地了 。 【分析】主人公向国王承诺准时回去，若违背诺言，国 王 会杀死主人公的朋友 。但因为主人公从 马上摔下来，受伤了，这一路就耽搁了时间。这时就需要虚拟语气来做出非真实的 假设了，表达了主人 公矛盾的情感纠结。以上两个虚拟条件句，前者表示与将来情况相反的假设，后者表示与过去情况相反的 假设 。 （二）“ Without/But for...”表示感激之情 例如：2021 广州七校联考题 Without /But for mom’s encouragement, I wouldn’t have be- come a successful narrator in the competition.如果没有妈妈的鼓励，在比赛中我不可能成为一个成功的讲解员 。 【分析】经过学校的故事大赛，我意识到什么角色都有其优点和重要性。后来，我一直继续做好讲解员 的角色，层层突破，在地区小有名气。这时用虚拟语气来表达对妈妈的感 激之情 。 （三）“ If only...”表示强列的愿望 例如：2021 届浙江慈溪中学模拟题 If only I had been the 3rd runner who had got to the finish line.要是我是第3位到达终点线的跑步 者该多好啊！ 【分析】我摔倒后继续往前跑，到达终点线，发现自己与第三名擦肩而过，不能获得我心仪的奖品。这 时用虚拟语气 来表达与过去事实相反的情况，强调愿望 。 （四）固定句型表示后悔或遗憾 1. 可用 How sb wished that ... had (not) done sth 例如：2021 山东泰安期中试题 How Timmy wished that he hadn’t been so rude to his coach. Timmy 多么希望之前没有那么粗鲁的对待教练 啊！ 【分析】Timmy 一直是球队的主力，不愿把球传给别人。 他不仅不听教练的劝导，而且由于态度恶劣， 被取消参加区里比赛的资格。他同妈妈交流后，意识到以前自己的错误。 这时就需要虚拟语气来表达他 后悔的情感 。 2. 可用 sb.+谓语, wishing that... 例如：2021 广州七校联考题 I was rooted on the ground due to being frightened, wishing that I had refused my mother’s advice yesterday. 我由于恐惧愣在那里，真希望我昨天拒绝妈妈的建议 。 【分析】我一直不接受 自 己做故事的讲解员这个角色，但在妈妈的劝导下，我还是参加了学校的故事 大赛。中途出现了情感的纠结，后悔参加了比赛。这时需要用虚拟语气来表 达后悔。 （五）“as if...”表达形象生动 例如： 2020 年浙江模拟题 The glasses dropped into the river, as if the water had swallowed them. 眼镜掉到河里，好像水已经 吞噬了它 。 【分析】主人公兄弟俩跟爸爸在深林里的一条河边走着，突然爸爸摔了一跤，眼镜掉到河里，兄弟俩赶 紧去找， 但由于河水汹涌，找不到 。这时就需要用虚拟语气来描述河中水流的凶猛 。此句型也是比喻 的写作手法 。 三、实现语言表述协同过程中存在的三大问题读后续写不仅要重视情节上的一致性和连贯性，还应当注意语言上的协同性，保证续写内容与原文语 言风格 、形式 和侧重点的一致性 ，只有这样才能实现语言协同 ，“以读促 写”的初衷。 实例分析： On a freezing morning of December, two police officers were patrolling (巡逻) the streets. Suddenly, the walkie -talkie (对讲 机) on Alan, one of the officers, rang. “The cake shop near the City Museum has reported a burglary. Please rush to the scene immediately, ”said the electronic voice. The two policemen quickly arrived at the shop, only to find that the scene showed no sign of crimes at all. Curiously, they checked the monitor and found that a thin woman broke open the window and climbed into the store at 5∶20 a.m. Instead of searching around, she walked straight into the storage room, stole cheese, chocolate, butter and other ingredients (原料) for a cake, and then ran away down the road. Both policemen felt quite confused about her behavior. One of the shop assistants identified the thief as Clara, a single mother who lived nearby. She has an eight -year-old boy to take care of and lives a poor life. Moments later, the two officers arrived at Clara’s house. Bob, another officer, pulled out a gun and was about to break in. But Alan told him to put the gun away and knocked gently. The door opened and out came a very thin woman. From the outline of her figure, Alan recognized that she was exactly the thief. The woman, Clara, immediately understood the situation when she saw the two policemen. She buried her face in her hands and sat down on the floor. At that very moment, a child’s voice broke the silence,“Mom, is anyone coming for my birthday? Invite them in, please.” After hearing the boy’s words, Clara stood up and begged in a low voice,“Officer, I did steal those things, but there’s nothing else I could do. It’s my baby’s birthday, and I’ve got neither job nor money. Please don’t take those things away. I’ve just used them to make him a cake. ” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答 。 Looking into the woman ’s teary eyes, Alan understood and walked into the house. Bob nodded thoughtfully and asked,“What about the things she stole？” 仔细研读文本 ，我们会发现 ，除了情节的简单叙述之外， 文中重点角色的描写侧重明显 ，有许多生动形象的描写 (加粗 字体部分) ，且多为形象具体的动作描写 ，也有神情描写和简 单的对话内容 ， 这都为续写的文字风格给出了参考。 问题1：语言平铺直叙 ，缺乏细节描述 【续写分析1】 After some discussion, the two officers decided to temporarily pay off the lost ingredients for a cake by themselves. They came back to the cake shop and brought the shop assistants some money and told them the money was Clara’s and she was so sorry because of her behavior. And then, Alan and Bob explained the situation of Clara to him and also described the beautiful cake Clara made. They hoped that Clara could be employed to earn the money back... 根据文章的情节，续写第二段应该续写两位警官通过什么方式来帮助 Clara 一家妥善处理好蛋糕店失 窃物品 。该位续写的故事情节设计合理，也基本符合题意和正确的价值 观 ，但存在描写缺失的问题 。 像这样只是把故事像记流水账 一样一件接一件地罗列出来，没有任何的描写内容，这与原 文文体特点明 显不一致，所以虽然情节吻合，但是有一种貌 合神离的感觉 ，而这也是大部分考生写作时的误区。 【续写分析2】 Alan took a quick glance at the boy, who was joyfully eating his cake, and sighed,“It is best if we close the case in a different way. ”He gestured Clara to come out with him and closed the door behind her. Still with butterflies in her stomach, Clare extended her hands, ready to be handcuffed (戴上手铐). “This is not necessary, ” Alan said. He explained that if Clara agreed to help out at the cake shop and pay for the cake, there is no need to arrest her. With tears sparkling in her eyes and a gracious smile decorating her face, Clara agreed and bowed deeply to express her thanks... 这篇习作在人物的外貌神态描写、动作描写、心理描写等方面都很出彩，不光通过对小男孩的状态描 写合理地解释 了为什么 Alan 决定不逮捕 Clara，通过一系列的动作描写，表现出 Alan 对小男孩的关照 (出门避开孩子视线) 以及 Clara 对自己错误的认错态度很好，还通过对 Clara 的心理描写和表情描写， 体现出从惴惴不安到感激涕零的变化。这样的文字 与原文风格高度吻合，且画面感很强，做到了情节和 写作风格的高度一致。 问题2：嵌入过多对话，冲淡描写效果 虽然说在阅读原文及续写第二段开头中出现了对话，但是全文整体还是以非对话体占主导，加上读后 续写作为考试内容，长度有一定的局限性，如果对话写得太多或者太长都会造成喧宾夺主，冲淡了本来需 要重点写作的内容 。 【续写分析3】“Hi, little boy, happy birthday!” Alan cheered. The boy was happy but confused, “Sir, why are you here?”Alan approached the boy, took a piece of chocolate cake from his pocket, and then gave it to him.“We are sending gifts to the child who is celebrating his birthday. Happy birthday!”Alan smiled,“You will have a delicious cake from your mom.”After that, Alan left with Bob and told Bob, “The mother just wanted to make her son a cake. We should understand her. ” 该习作虽然有部分描写内容，但是 Alan 说话内容过多，且存在重复性语言。特别是情节变化太快太 突兀，仍然像流 水账。 【续写分析4】 “That’s a problem.”Alan answered and thought for a while, and said,“I have an idea. Our police office need a cleaner, right? We can offer this job to her. And then she could get money to pay off the things that she stole. At the same time, she could take care of her baby using the money that she got. So she could not steal things.”“You’re actually killing two birds with one stone! We could do as you said, ”Bob said. 该习作情节很清楚也基本上没有问题，但是整个段落基本没有描写，且 Alan 一个人的话基本上占据 了文章的一大半，虽然交代清楚了后面该怎么做，但是繁琐单调，平铺直 叙 ，和原文文体风格差异巨大。 问题3：增加无关人物 ，淡化主要人物 本文所有出场人物为5人，即警官 Alan 和 Bob，偷窃蛋糕的母亲 Clara，小男孩 (Clara 的儿子) 和a shop assistant。文中虽没给出非常明显的笔墨侧重，但是由原文中对两位警官 到 Clara 家门口时的行 为描述“Bob, another officer, pulled out a gun and was about to break in. But Alan told him to put the gun away and knocked gently”可知，文章走向是以Alan 为中心 的，Bob只是协助性角色。由于原文中 小男孩过生日这一情节和他母亲偷窃需要得到惩罚构成文章的矛盾核心，需要考生合理处置，所以小男孩 和 Clara 的情绪变化也是本段内容的 重点，而 shop assistant 只是原文情节的过渡角色。 【续写分析5】 “That’s not a big deal,”said Alan,“I will explain to the shop assistants and pay for them.”After arrival, Alan told the assistant the story of the poor lady. He forgave her and agreed to send a big cake for her son and asked her neighbours to go and have a party. When they arrived at Clara’s house, Clara and her son were surprised. No one was happier than the little boy. They sang songs, ate cake and had a good time. They felt warm in spite of the freezing day for people’s kindness. 该习作中把shop assistant 这个角色描写过度，安排来到Clara 家，又是送礼物，又是邀请邻居一起帮 助庆祝生日等 等，导致主要角色的戏份被淡化甚至被忽视了。且不说情节 是否合情合理，按这个思路写 的考生，对文章的解读不到位，写作内容自然会出现与原文不一致的情况。2 能力强化 1．阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。 Crash! The old black pickup truck in front of me stopped. I didn’t. I crashed into its back breaking the fender (挡泥板) and bending the driver’s door of my car. To make matters worse, it wasn’t my car. It was my father’s. I shouldn’t have been driving it, and now I had destroyed it. A farmer jumped out of the truck, slowly and carefully, and looked at the damage. I sat sobbing (抽噎), my lip bleeding where I’d bitten it. He was in a hurry to leave, but we managed to exchange names and phone numbers before he pulled out onto the highway again. I followed, knowing I dared not go home. I’d be in big trouble. It was my high school graduation day. I drove to school and climbed out through the passenger door. Surveying the broken fender and the door, tears flowed down my face, which was rapidly becoming swollen. I walked into the gym and joined my classmates to prepare for the graduation party. Bad news traveled fast, and soon a teacher came to me “You’ll have to go home to get dressed for the graduation sooner or later,” she said. “Sooner would be much better and you have to tell your parents.” I finally agreed and slowly drove home. The Death March sounded in my ears. My mother took one look at my face when I got home and screamed, “What on earth happened?” I hung my head and tears rolled down my face again. “I crashed Daddy’s car.” She threw up her hands in panic and rushed to the backyard where Dad was making burgers. “Stop cooking, Ted. We’re not going to eat. Jean has destroyed your car.” Dad looked at her and said quietly, “Is she hurt?” “No, except for biting her lip.” “Well, then, what does that have to do with eating dinner?” He put a burger on a plate with the others, then walked across the yard and put his arm around me. “Let’s go inside and hear all about this if you’re sure you’re all right.” I sobbed and nodded. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为 150 左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 The phone was ringing when we got to the back door. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ I graduated that evening with my family in attendance. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____ 2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Mrs.Thompson stood in front of her class on the first day of school in the fall and told the children a white lie. Like most teachers, she looked at her pupils in the class and said that she loved them all the same, and that she would treat them all the same, too. But it was impossible because in the front line, there was a little boy sitting lazily in his seat and didn’t show any interest in his study. His name was Teddy Stoddard, whom Mrs. Thompson had already noticed that he didn’t play with the other children and that his clothes were always untidy. Now, Teddy was one of her students and she found that Teddy was the most unpleasant child in her class. Actually, she even began enjoying marking his papers with X’s and F’s at the top of the pages. She would probably have felt badly about her own behavior but the other children in the class never seemed to enjoy him, either. Mrs. Thompson was required to review each child’s record each term, but she put Teddy’s record at the bottom of the pile and tried to put off the reading as late as possible. When she began to read, she was shocked to learn that Teddy had been an excellent student before his mother passed away. His second grade teacher even wrote, “Teddy is a bright and curious child with a ready laugh. He does his work neatly and has good manners with other children. He is a joy to have in class.” His third grade teacher added, “Although his mother’s death has been hard on him, Teddy continued to work hard. He tries to do his best but his father shows little interest in him and his home life will be a problem for him if steps aren’t taken soon.” Unfortunately, Teddy’s problems were ignored and he started to avoid the other children and his behavioreventually became a problem in his sixth grade. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Para 1: Now, Mrs. Thompson knew what was the problem and decided to have a try. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ Para 2: The term was coming fast to an end. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________ 3．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Experiences at a Sports Meet I used to be very active in sports and games when I was in primary school. I won the B Division long jump and was a decent runner. As a result, I was chosen to represent the school in the long jump and relay events at the District Sports Meet. The meeting lasted two days. I had no events scheduled for the first day. So I kept myself busy by watching the others compete. We weren’t allowed to go near the VIP pavilion (看台) as kids, so I had to observe the proceedings from afar. Large tents were provided for the young competitors opposite the VIP pavilion on the other side of the track. My school team was assigned the last tent that was furthest from the track. It was just our luck but we made the best use of what we had. The next day, I was getting ready for my events. The long jump was scheduled for the early afternoon, followed by the 8×50 m relay later in the afternoon. I was a pretty good jumper and no one could outclass me. The competition began, and I jumped over 4 meters! That was quite the accomplishment. I won the gold medal in the long jump.All my schoolmates cheered for me and I promised to win in the 8×50 m relay, for which I was assigned to run the fifth leg. The race time arrived. We filed into our assigned spots and prepared for the race. After a tense minute or so, I heard the starter’s gun go off. When the first runners took off, I watched, holding my breath, as my team runners kept up with the others. As they got closer, I realized we were at least in second place. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 My turn arrived and I took the stick and began to run. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ I felt terrible for letting the team down due to my fault. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Debbie, a 10-year-old boy, was living in North River Heights in upper Manhattan, New York. He had a rare medical facial deformity(畸形). Due to several surgeries, Debbie had been home-schooled by his mother, but as Debbie was approaching the fifth grade, his mother decided to send him to Beecher Prep, a mainstream private school. In order to protect his face skin, Debbie had to apply ointment (药膏)to his face, which made him look like wearing a special face mask. At the beginning of the schooldays, he was rejected by nearly the entire student body for his strange look, which was a difficult period for him. Luckily, a girl named Summer, who offered to sit with him on his first day of school, helped him get through the tough time. They often played together and chatted about their favourite subject —science. And they became good friends. Gradually, Debbie’s outstanding learning ability and kind behaviour made him popular among students. SinceDebbie was expert in science, his classmates would turn to him whenever they had problems in learning. Debbie was always more than willing to help them. Naturally his kindness and warm heart won him a group of good friends and Debbie’s classmates got used to the way his face looked as well. On Halloween, Debbie’s school held varieties of festival activities, every classroom decorated with flowers and toys. All classmates were dressing up. Debbie joined in it and wore a Ghost Face mask and costume. They all had fun pretending to be their favorite characters. Unrecognized, he was walking through the door to his classroom when he overheard his classmate Jack telling his roommates: “I have never seen an uglier face than Debbie’s.” On hearing this, Debbie felt sad and disappointed, leaving secretly. Summer happened to stand behind Debbie and meet the incident, but it was too late to stop it. As Debbie’s best friend at school, Summer thought Debbie was a nice boy and deserved to be treated kindly. After a second thought, Summer went to Jack’s room. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ Jack decided to say sorry to Debbie. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One particularly cold Saturday in January, I was supposed to take our dog out for a walk, but it was so cold that I didn’t want to go outside. Instead, I just opened the door and let the dog out by himself. I kept an eye on him to make sure he would come back inside. However, another neighborhood dog quickly ran past our house, and our dog sped after to catch him. I hurriedly went to grab my coat so I could follow my dog, and then I rushed outside. Unfortunately, I was already too late, and my dog was nowhere in sight. I walked a few blocks, but I was unable to find him. Depressed, I returned home. My mother was standing at the door waiting, and she asked me what hadhappened. “I know I was supposed to walk our dog,” I admitted, “but I thought he would be able to go outside and come back by himself. Now he’s gone and I can’t find him anywhere.” My mother was very angry with me; she said I should have been more responsible. She decided to help by making some signs. The signs read, “Lost: A big black dog. Please call us right away” and she printed our phone number on the bottom. “Okay, Darrell,” she said, as she handed over those signs, “now go post these on all the street posts.” My sister and I grabbed the signs and we posted them along our street as well as along the surrounding streets. The whole time, I was incredibly sad and worried about our dog. All I could think about was how cold it was and how cold our dog must be. My sister wanted to go home, so I told her I’d walk her home, but then keep looking for the dog myself. 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150左右： 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I took my sister home and continued my search alone. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________ When I returned, my mother was waiting for me, smiling broadly. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________ 6．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Gilbert was one of the most rudest boys in the village where he lived. He would rarely pass people in the street without being guilty of some sort of abuse. If a person were well dressed he would cry out, “Play boy!” If a person’s clothes were dirty or torn, he would throw stones at him, and annoy him in every way. One afternoon, just as the school was dismissed, a stranger passed through the village. His dress was plain andsomewhat old, but neat and clean. He carried a cane in his hand, on the end of which was a bundle, and he wore a broad-brimmed hat. No sooner had Gilbert seen the stranger than he winked to his playmates, and said, “Now for some fun!” He then silently went toward the stranger from behind, and, knocking off his hat, ran away. The man turned and saw him, but Gilbert was out of hearing before he could speak. The stranger put on his hat, and went on his way. Again did Gilbert approach; but this time, the man caught him by the arm, and held him tightly. However, he contented himself with looking Gilbert a moment in the face, and then pushed him from him. No sooner had the naughty boy found himself free again than he began to pelt (连续投掷) the stranger with dirt and stones. But Gilbert was much frightened when the man was struck on the head by a brick, and badly hurt. All the boys now ran away, and Gilbert skulked across the fields to his home. As he drew near the house, his sister Cindy came out to meet him, holding up a beautiful gold chain and some new books for him to see. She told Gilbert, as fast as she could talk, that their uncle, who had been away several years, had come home, and was now in the house; that he had brought beautiful presents for the whole family; that he had left his carriage at the tavern, a mile or two off, and walked on foot, so as to surprise his brother, their father. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右。 2. 请按如下格式作答。 She said when he was coming through the village, some wicked boys threw stones at him. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ His uncle went up to him, but quickly starting back, he cried, ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 7．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 From Tiger to Goldfish Josh is my 10-year- old grandson. I love him so much that I find it very difficult to refuse any one of his requirements. Besides, he is good at persuading me. So, it’s really a big challenge to take him out sometimes. But now, I consider myself to be quite courageous. Perhaps that’s why I recently decided to take him to a fair. At the first ringtoss booth, Josh was absolutely certain that he could win that five foot-tall tiger because he told me he was a real expert at tossing rings. They had such kind of game played at school and he practiced a lot at school. He told me that he was often the winner of the ringtoss. The guy in the booth said, “You could buy one ring for 50 cents, or three for $ 1. But if you wanted a real bargain, you could get 20 rings for $ 5.” Of course, Josh said, “We should go for the bargain.” I thought about arguing with him by saying that an expert ringtosser like him would need only one ring. But I knew this was not an argument I was going to win. So I pulled out the $ 5 bill and placed it on the counter. Twenty rings later, he still didn’t have the tiger. “But now I see how to do this," Josh said. “Let’s buy another 20 rings, and I’ll get it this time.” Well, he never did get the tiger, but there were plenty more places where we could spend our money. Josh was equally unsuccessful at the next several booths. My wallet was getting thinner. And then we spotted the booth that Josh positively could not miss: the goldfish booth, All you had to do was toss a ping- pong ball into just one of the many fishbowls, and you could go home with your very own goldfish. 注意: 1.续写的词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 As we got down to the last ball, I was secretly relieved that the goldfish would be staying at the fair. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ The look of pure happiness on Josh’s face made the entire fair experience one to treasure. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________ 8．阅读下面短文，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成-一个完整的短文。 Our Garden and the Salad “Christine, come and help me in the garden. I want to plant all of the seeds today.” My father was calling to me. “I'm busy...” I said. I didn't understand why working in the dirt excited him so much. By the end of April, his plants had come up in neat rows. Unfortunately, in early May, my father was seriously injured in an accident. He was in hospital for about two months and during that time he often asked me about his garden. Even after he came home, he had to stay in bed for a while. My mother had several business trips so I said that I would take care of his garden. I assumed that the little plants would continue to grow as long as they had water, and luckily it rained fairly often so I didn't think much about the garden. One Saturday morning in July, my father said to me, “Christine, I think that the vegetables should be about ready to be picked. Let's have a salad today!” I took a bowl and went out to the garden. I looked at the leaves and was upset to see that many of the leaves had been half eaten. There were hundreds of bugs (虫子) all over them! I tried to get them off, but there were just too many. I looked at the carrots next, but they didn't look healthy. I got in panic for a moment, but then thought of a good idea. I quietly went to the nearest store to buy some vegetables. I went back home and cut them up to make a salad for my father. When I gave it to him, he said, “Oh, Christine, what a beautiful salad! You must be taking very good care of my garden.” My father looked happy, but I felt a little bit guilty. 注意: 1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I went back to the kitchen when my mother came home. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________ I carefully made a salad and took it to my father. ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ________ 参考答案 1． The phone was ringing when we got to the back door. After answering the phone, my father understood what had happened. It turned out that the farmer called to ask whether I was safe or had any other injuries. Father assured him that I was safe and sound and offered to make up for the damage I caused to his truck. To our surprise, the farmer declined my father’s offer. Meanwhile, my mother helped treat my lip and swollen eyes with some ice. “Don’t worry about the car. Your safety matters most.” my father comforted me. To my great delight, they decided to accompany me to the graduation ceremony. I graduated that evening with my family in attendance. With my parent’s company, I enjoyed an unforgettable and meaningful graduation ceremony. Even many years later, the laughter and sweet memory we shared together still lingered in my mind. Had it not been for my father’s unconditional love and encouragement, I would have been sunk in depression and guilt. I finished high school, growing into a loving and confident person. I was so grateful that my dad taught me what’s most valuable in my life. 2． Now, Mrs. Thompson knew what was the problem and decided to have a try. From then on, Mrs. Thompson had paid particular attention to Teddy. As she worked with him, his mind seemed to come alive. The more she encouraged him, the faster he responded and he showed much interest in study. He began to work on tasks in classwith his classmates and as time goes by, he made a lot of friends in school, which made him no longer the lonely kid that he used to be. The term was coming fast to an end. Teddy had become one of the excellent children in the class by the end of the school year. The school granted Teddy an opportunity to speak on stage about his change. As the spotlight shinned on Teddy, he cried, and said, “Thank you, Mrs. Thompson. You are the one who made a real difference in my life. You are not only a teacher, but also a friend to me. I’m so grateful for you and I’m so honored that I can be one of your students.” 3． My turn arrived and I took the stick and began to run. The air rushed past me as I moved closer to the next runner. Then disaster struck! The stick flew out of my hand when I moved forward. Because I was young and flexible, I was able to quickly pick it up and continue the race. However, the accident cost us valuable time. When I handed the stick to the next runner, I knew everything was lost. He ran with all his might, but it was too late. We’d blown our chance at a medal. I felt terrible for letting the team down due to my fault. Not knowing what to say to my teammates, I cried sadly. I was so guilty and ashamed. However, instead of blaming the failure on me, my teammates gathered around me and kept comforting me that what was done was done, for which we had no regret. From the experience, I learned about failure and success and how to deal with them. I have been bearing that lesson I learned that day in mind even since and it urges me to look forward. 4． After a second thought, Summer went to Jack’s room. Summer angrily said to Jack that his behavior was too rude and caused serious harm to Debbie. Jack said Debbie’s face was really ugly and he didn’t lie. Summer said “Although Debbie looked different from us, he was a very excellent boy. In addition, he was not only very good at the science subject, but also eager to help everyone solve problems. We should not judge people by their appearance.” After hearing summer’s words, Jack realized that his behavior was wrong. Jack decided to say sorry to Debbie. Jack came to Debbie and sincerely apologized to Debbie for his wrong behavior. Debbie accepted Jack’s apology. At that time, other students in the class also came. They expressed their willingness to be good friends with Debbie and hoped that Debbie would agree to their request. Debbie nodded happily. Finally, everyone laughed happily. 5． I took my sister home and continued my search alone. Carrying the signs made by my mother, I kept postingthem. In the meantime, whenever there were people passing by, I would ask if they had met such a dog. I even knocked from door to door, asking if they had seen it. No luck. Nobody claimed to have spotted our dog. What if I had taken the dog out for a walk? Tears of regret welled up in my eyes. As the darkness fell, I decided to come back home to check if anybody had called. When I returned, my mother was waiting for me, smiling broadly. There, behind my mother, was our lovely dog looking up at me eagerly. Upon seeing me, it raced towards me. I couldn’t hold my tears. “It just came back by itself,” my mother said gently. Hugging the dog with relief, I apologized to my mother sincerely. “I am sure you have learned your lesson today,” my mother replied in a comforting voice. I played with my sister and the dog again. Despite the freezing weather outside, my heart warmed up. It was on the day that I learned the value of responsibility. 6． She said when he was coming through the village, some wicked boys threw stones at him. Hearing that, Gilbert went pale. He ran into the house, went upstairs and crashed into his bed with deep guilt. Soon after, he heard his father calling him to come down. Trembling from head to foot, he obeyed. When he reached the parlor door, he stood, fearing to enter. His mother shouted, “Gilbert! Your uncle is here. See this beautiful watch he has brought for you.” Gilbert was frozen with shame. Little Caroline seized his arm, and pulled him into the room. But he hung down his head, and covered his face with his hands. His uncle went up to him, but quickly starting back, he cried, “Brother, this is the boy who so shamefully insulted me in the street!” Before his father could respond, Gilbert suddenly stepped forward, bowed deeply and murmured, “I am sorry, uncle. It was me…” At that, his uncle’s face turned softer and he gently stroked Gilbert’s face, “Apology accepted but don’t do anything this stupid again.” Hanging his head even lower, Gilbert promised that he wouldn’t. “Take this,” uncle handed him the watch. Reaching out for it, Gilbert couldn’t contain his guilt and cried out loud. This incident, stamped in his mind, cured him entirely of his low and insolent manners. 7． As we got down to the last ball, I was secretly relieved that the goldfish would be staying at the fair. As I had expected, Josh missed every toss successfully. But wait! It was the last day of the fair, and the guy in the booth didn’t want to take those fish home. So he was giving them away to anyone who played. “You’re a winner!” he told Josh as he scooped a goldfish into a plastic bag filled with water and handed it over to Josh. The look of pure happiness on Josh’s face made the entire fair experience one to treasure. No amount of money can buy that joy. Josh decided that we could not spend another second at the fair. No, we had to rush hometo get the fish into a proper tank because living in a plastic bag was not a good experience for this darling little creature, which he immediately named Goldie. 8． I went back to the kitchen when my mother came home. She saw the bag from the supermarket. I was embarrassed and told her the truth. She laughed but promised to make time to help me in the garden. We made a mixture of water with chopped up fresh hot peppers and then watered it on the vegetables. The water is not harmful but can drive away the bugs. The bug free vegetables grew quickly, and finally I was able to pick some. I carefully made a salad and took it to my father. He looked at it with a smile. “Christine, the carrots are smaller in this salad, but they taste better.” I realized that he had known all along about my shopping trip. I smiled back at him. Now, I better understand how putting a lot of effort into caring for something can help you appreciate the results more, however small they may be.