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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清
并列句与主谓一致
1
考点复习
考点一 并列句
并列句中使用的连词是高考考查的重点，考生要熟练掌握常考并列连词的用法。
1．and表示顺承以及并列关系，还可以用于固定句式：“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。
2．but表示转折关系，不能与although和though连用。
3．so为表示因果关系的连词，一般前一句子多为后面句子存在的原因，so后面的句子为结果，so不
能和表示原因的从属连词because连用。
4．or“或者”为表示选择关系的连词，or还可译为“否则”，可用于句型：“祈使句＋or＋陈述句”。
5．利用连词词组both ... and ...、neither ... nor ...、not only ... but also ...、either ... or ...、not ... but ...特殊
搭配解题。
6．when/while用作并列连词
when和while可做并列连词。when表示“在那时，此时突然”；while表示“然而，而”，表对比或
转折关系。并列连词when常用于以下句型中：
...was/were doing ...when ...
……正在做……突然……
...was/were about to do ...when ...
……刚要做……突然……
...was/were on the point of doing ...when ...
……刚要做……突然……
...had just done ...when ...
……刚/一……就……
·The children were playing when they heard the sound of a motorbike.
孩子们正在玩耍，这时他们听见了摩托车的声音。
·He is strong while his brother is weak.
他很强壮而他哥哥却很虚弱。
【典例分析】
1．(2018·浙江高考)Small amounts of caffeine—a cup ________ two of coffee a day—seem safe for most
people.
答案与解析 or 句意：对于大多数人来说，少量的咖啡因——每天一杯或者两杯咖啡似乎是安全的。
根据句意可知此处表“或者”， 故填连词or。
2．It was time for her to have a new baby, ________ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.
答案与解析 and 句意：是她有一个新宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫独立的时候了。两个完整的独立
的句子应该用连词相连。上下句之间为并列关系，故用and。并列连词可以连接平行的词、短语或句子。
3．(全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the so－called “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, R．O.Korea,
Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.答案与解析 and 根据句意可知，几个国家之间是并列关系，故用and连接。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, ________ once
I started the car, my mind went blank.
答案与解析 but/yet 句意：上车前我认为自己领会了教练的命令，但是一旦启动汽车，我的大脑就
变得一片空白。根据语境可知，此处前后句存在转折关系。应填表示转折关系的并列连词but或yet。
考点二 主谓一致
一致原则 考点详解 例句
His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
1. 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短
语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语 What he said is very important for us all.
动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数时，
The children were in the classroom two
谓语动词用复数形式。
hours ago.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
Lucy and Lily are twins.
2. 由连接词and或both …… and连接起 She and I are classmates.
来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓 The boy and the girl were surprised when
语动词。 they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
语法一致
3. 主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟 Mr. Green ， together with his wife and
有 with，together with，except，but， children，has come to China.
like，as well as，rather than，more than，
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the
no less than， besides，including等引起
playground.
的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主
语为复数，谓语用复数形式。 She，like you and Tom，is very tall.
4. either，neither，each，every 或no +单 Each of us has a new book.
数名词和由some，any，no，every构成
Everything around us is matter.
的复合不定代词，都作单数看待。
5. 在定语从句中，关系代词that，who， He is one of my friends who are working
which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与 hard.
句中先行词的数一致。
He is the only one of my friends who isworking hard.
Class Four is on the third floor.
6. 如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的
Class Four are unable to agree upon a
谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成
monitor.
员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词
有 family, class, crowd, committee, 注：people，police，cattle等名词一般都
population, audience等。 用作复数。如：The police are looking for
the lost child.
7. 由＂a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the There are a lot of people in the classroom.
rest of，the majority of +名词＂构成的短 The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
语以及由＂分数或百分数+名词＂构成的
50% of the students in our class are girls.
短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短
语中后面名词的数而定。 注：a number of 与the number of的区别
There comes the bus.
8. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后
On the wall are many pictures.
的主语一致。
Such is the result. Such are the facts.
1. what， who， which， any， more， Which is your bag？Which are your bags？
all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主 All is going well. All have gone to
要靠意思来决定。 Beijing.
2. 表示＂时间、重量、长度、价值＂等
的名词的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常 Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
用单数形式，这是由于作主语的名词在 Ten miles is too long.
逻辑一致 概念上是一个整体。
3. 若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、
＂The Arabian Nights＂ is an interesting
报名、国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词
storybook.
通常用单数形式。
4. 表数量的短语＂one and a half＂后接
复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单 One and a half apples is left on the table.
数形式。
一致原则 考点详解 例句5. 算式中表示数目（字）的主语通常作 Twelve plus eight is twenty.
单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。 Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
6. 一些学科名词是以 –ics 结尾，如：
mathematics ， politics ， physics 以 及 The paper works was built in 1990.
news， works等，都属于形式上是复数
I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作
主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，
jeans 等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如 My glasses are broken.
果这些名词前有a（the） pair of等量词 The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
逻辑一致 修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
8. ＂定冠词the + 形容词或分词＂，表
The old are taken good care of.
示某一类人时，动词用复数。
A large quantity of people is needed here.
9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数
注意：quantities一般用复数。
名词, 作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修饰 A large amount of (A great deal of) damage
不可数名词, 作主语时, 谓语动词通常用 was done in a very short time.
单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, Large amounts of money were spent on the
作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。 bridge.
1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … Either the teacher or the students are our
friends.
nor，whether … or …，not only …but also
连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。 Neither they nor he is wholly right.
就近一致
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其 There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个
Here引导的句子用法同上。
主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一
致。 如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.
一、语法一致
语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。
1. 单数n.，不可数n., 不定式，动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用
复数。
His father is working on the farm.
Time is money.
To finish all the work on time is impossible.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
◆由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或 what从句是一个带有复数意义
的
并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。What I bought were 3 English books.
What I say and do are helpful to you.
2. 由and 或both...and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are friends.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
◆如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。
The writer and artist has come.
◆由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
Every student and every teacher was in the room.
No boy and no girl likes it.
3. 主语后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides,
including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数决定。
Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
4. either, neither, each, every或no+单数neither/neither/none of ＋复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成
的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is matter.
Neither of the texts is interesting.
None of us has been to South Africa.
5. 定语从句中，关系代词that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。
He is one of my students who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
【典例分析】
1.（2018·新课标卷I·语法填空）While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 6 4
(be) more effective at lengthening life 6 5 than walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述
的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it，表示单数概念。故填is。2. He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A. has；anyone likes B. have；does anyone like
C. has；no one likes D. have；anyone likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主谓一致。that引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数 men，因此定语从句的谓语动词应用
have。第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数，one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数动词，因此第一
个空用have；后半句译为＂那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂几乎不＂，根据句
意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除B
项。故选D项。
6. 集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，
用复数。
His family is a happy one.
The whole family are watching TV.
The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)
One third of the population here are workers.(人)
◆people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
7. 由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名词，或者是分数/百分数＋名词构成的短语作主
语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
A lot of time is wasted.
A lot of people take part in the meeting.
2/3 water is drunk by him.
2/3 students are absent.
8. 倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result.
Such are the facts.
【典例分析】
（2018· 浙江卷· 语法填空）Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese
5 6 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
【答案】dishes【解析】考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
二、意义一致原则
1. 表示时间、度量、长度、价值等的复数名词作主语，因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Twenty minutes is enough for the work.
One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.
2.如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.
one and a half ＋复数n.，谓语动词用单数。
One and a half apples is left on the table.
3.算是中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）
4.表示学科的以-ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
Mathematics is the study of numbers.
Politics, economics, athletics等。
5.复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。
The glass works was built up in 1980.
These glass works are near the railway station.
6.由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。a pair of等量词时，
视情况而定。
7.The ＋ adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。
The young are usually very active.
The old are lonely.
三、就近一致原则
就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1. 当两个主语由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also连接时，谓语动词和邻
近的主语一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。
2. there be句型的be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那
个主语保持一致。
There are two pens，a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。
There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。
3. 在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手册。
Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。
4. 就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。
主语后面接连接性短语时，这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系，即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一
致。此类连接性短语有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like，rather than， together with，but，
except，besides，including，in addition to等。
Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.你姐姐和你父母一样，对我很好。
She，like you and betty，is very clever.像你和betty一样，她也很聪明。
【典例分析】
The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon
in winter.
A. is going B.go C.goes D.are going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河
面上滑冰。当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的数应与as well as前面的名词或代词
保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与The father保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语 every Sunday afternoon
可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。
四、 ＂名词+介词短语＂作主语
名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动
词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。
五、不定代词作主语
1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单
数。
Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。
Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。
Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，
nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗?
Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。
【典例分析】
All we need ___________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the
growing seasons of the year.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all，代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。再根据
从句中的can可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们
能够种各种不同的水果树。故C正确。
六、特殊名词作主语
1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单
数。
The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)
Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。
The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。
The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语
时，谓语动词要用单数。
Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。
The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。
4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的
修饰语来确定。A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。
Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。
七、表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。
Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。
100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。
2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。
4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单
数。
The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。
The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。
6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。
7.＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词
复
数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。
A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。
The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000.
这所学校的学生数量已达到2000多人。
8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。
Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。
八、动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。
To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。
What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。
【典例分析】
The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which
________ a burden for some of them.
A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：那所大学估计，对国际学生来说，一年的生活开销大约是8450美元，这对
他们中某些学生来说是一个负担。第一空的主语是living expenses，是复数，因此谓语动词用复数；第二空
的主语是which，指代的是前面整个句子，因此谓语动词用单数。
2
知识强化
一、单项选择
1. According to a report released recently, the major cause of air pollution in Beijing is vehicle emissions (汽车尾
气排放)________ in Shanghai the biggest problem is dust and heavy industry.
A. as B. while C. although D. where
2. Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, ________ once I started the car, my
mind went blank.
A. so B. and C. for D. yet
3. —I’m planning to climb Mount Huang this summer. Would you like to come along?
—Wow! That would be exciting ________ challenging. I’m in!
A. as well as B. as good as C. as long as D. as far as
4. I thought he was listening to my opinions, _____ in fact he was thinking about his own affairs.
A. when B. while C. so D. however
5. You must learn to consult your feelings and your reasons ________ you reach any decision.A. although B. before C. because D. unless
6. He was about to set off________it rained.
A. the moment B. when C. while D. as
7. Describe your problems clearly,______other people can understand them easily.
A. so B. but C. or D. for
8. After cleaning up the classroom, I felt tired ________ happy.
A. nor B. but C. or D. so
9. Walk along this road for 100 meters ________ you’ll see the hospital.
A. or B. otherwise C. and D. or else
10. Since these two countries are quite different in the social systems, it is ________ necessary ________ possible
for the two sides to change each other.
A. either; or B. both; and C. not; but D. neither; nor
11. “________, but Jim made the same mistakes again,” complained his mother.
A. Although he was told many times B. Having been told many times
C. As he was told many times D. He had been told many times
12. When we design a building, we should provide an entrance suitable for wheelchair on the passage, ________
lifts, suitable bathrooms and toilets.
A. except B. as well C. as well as D. but
13. Either Bill or you ________ on duty yesterday morning.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
14. ________ Chinese ________ Japanese are Asians.
A. Both；and B. Neither；nor C. Neither；or D. Either；or
15. The shepherd and his dog set out early in the morning ________they could drive the flock of sheep to the
valley before the noon.
A. because B. before C. so that D. while
16. Not only __________ a promise, but also __________ it.
A. did he make; he kept B. he made; he kept
C. did he make; did he keep D. he made; did he keep
17. – Did you remember to give Tom the key to the office?
– Yes. I gave it to him ________ I saw him.
A. as long as B. once C. the moment D. while18. Mrs. Smith was cooking breakfast in the kitchen ________ she heard a loud knock at the door.
A. before B. since C. when D. while
19. Everybody ________to know the law, but few people do.
A. suppose B. supposes C. is supposed D. supposed
20. Although the figure ________better than expected, there ________few signs that the eurozone would climb out
of recession any time soon.
A. were, were B. was, was C. were, was D. was, were
21. Each instrument and each musician ________different functions: sustaining, modifying, synthesizing and
innovating, paired into two key types of roles supporting and leading.
A. take on B. take up C. takes on D. takes up
22. I ______ him since I began to live in the city.
A. know B. have known C. knew D. will know
23. Zhao Lan ______ already ______ in this school for two years.
A. was; studying B. will; study C. has; studied D. are; studying
24. Tom______ China for 3 years.
A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has been at
25. I ______ you for a long time. Where ______ you ______?
A. didn’t see; did; go B. didn’t see; have; gone C. haven’t seen; have; been D.
haven’t seen; have; gone
26. Tom will call me as soon as he ______ Shanghai.
A. arrives B. will reach C. arrives in D. get to
27. —Is there anyone in the classroom?
—No, not only the students but also the teacher ________ to the playground to watch the opening ceremony of the
Art Festival.
A. goes B. go C. has gone D. have gone
28. Make sure that all the lights______when you leave.
A. will turn off B. will be turned off C. are turned off D. turn off
29. On the last day of their week-long stay, John, as well as his friends, ________ to attend a private concert on a
beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.
A. invited B. was invited C. were invited D. had been invited
30. Neither my brother nor I________playing football.A. enjoy B. enjoys C. are enjoying D. have enjoyed
31. He ________for us ever since he left school.
A. has been worked B. worked C. has worked D. was working
32. The earth ______ around the sun.
A. moved B. will move C. moves D. is moving
33. ______ run fast should take part in the 400-meter race in the sports meet tomorrow.
A. Anyone who B. Whoever
C. No matter who D. Those who
34. Plato believed that talent and intelligence _________genetically and thus _________in children born to all
classes, although his proposed system of selective public education for an educated minority of the population does
not really follow a democratic model.
A. is not distributed, is to be found B. are not distributed, are to be found
C. is not distributed, has been found D. are not distributed, have been found
35. —We want to sit at the table near the window.
— I’m sorry, but it ________ already.
A. has taken B. took C. was taken D. has been taken
36. The number of people who own a car ______ in the past 10 years.
A. increases B. has increased C. increased D. have increased
37. The school has 300 computers and three fourths of them __________ by Project Hope.
A. provides B. are provided C. provide D. is provided
38. She is one of the students who ________ got help from the old professor.
A. have B. has C. had D. is
二、完成句子
39. 大多数女人喜欢购物，而大多数男人不喜欢购物。
Most women like shopping _________________________.
40. 他喜欢打篮球，而我喜欢听音乐。
He likes playing basketball, _________ _________ _________ listening to music.
41. 一方面，移动支付方便又有效率。
On the one hand, Mobile Payment is convenient _________ _________ _________ _________.
42. 太阳不仅给我们提供光还提供热。
________ ________ ________ the sun give us light but also it gives us heat.43. There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help ， inform and share are____________ ，
____________naturally possessed in young children.
有几个理由让人相信，孩子们帮助、告知和分享的冲动不是教的，而是他们天生就具有的。
44. 根据调查，有80%的同学表示很满意，15%不喜欢，还有5%没有发表看法。
__________ __________ __________ __________ 80% of the students were quite satisfied with it, __________
15% disliked it and 5% had no opinion.
45. 在一些地方，女人们挣钱而男人在家带孩子。
In some places, women earn money ________ men stay at home with their children.
46. 他不但弹钢琴，还唱歌。
He sings ________ ________ ________plays the piano.
47. 因此，该建筑不仅能够适应环境，减少能耗，而且自身可以产生可再生能源，减少对环境的危害。
The building therefore _______ _______ responds to its environment and uses less energy, _______
_______ reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy.
48. 我大部分的同学都想去公园,而我有去一个更好的地方的主意。
Most of my classmates wanted to go to a park ________ I had an idea of going to a nicer place.
49. 船被击翻,一些人落水而亡,而那些成功登陆的人面对的则是机关枪的猛烈扫射。
Boats were hit and men drowned, ________ those who did make it to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.
50. __________________________ was against the plan.
不但同学们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
51. Some people waste food________.
有些人浪费粮食， 然而有些人却吃不饱。
52. Time zipped by ________.
光阴荏苒, 转瞬又是一年。(and并列句)
53. We bought her a birthday present, ________.
我们为她买了一件生日礼物, 她非常喜欢它。(and并列句)
54. I will ________ go climbing the mountain ________ go fishing tomorrow.
明天我要么去爬山，要么去钓鱼。
55. The green outer skin is hard and fleshy, and rarely eaten, ________ .
绿色的外果皮坚硬多肉，很少食用，而内果皮柔软。
56. 这些书不只是给你自己（阅读）的，而是供所有的学生阅读的。
The books are _____for yourself________ for all of the students to read.57. “一带一路”是东西方之间交流合作的象征。
The Belt and Road is the symbol of communication and cooperation _______ the East______ the West.
58. Astronauts __________ had to learn how to use space equipment, _________ had to do a lot of mental and
physical training.
宇航员不仅要学会如何使用太空设备，而且还要做大量的心理和体能训练。
59. She not only plays well, _____________________________.
她不仅弹奏一手好乐器，而且会唱歌。
60. 我的大部分同学都喜欢中国绘画，而我更愿意学习西方绘画。(while)
Most of my classmates are fond of Chinese paintings________________.
61. 苏轼不仅在诗歌方面有天赋，而且在绘画、书法等其他领域也做出了巨大贡献。
Not only________Su Shi________in poetry, but also made great contributions to other fields such as painting and
calligraphy.
62. 她讲话不多，但言之有理。
She doesn’t talk much, but what she says ____________.
63. 到目前为止，我们学校已经建起一座新图书馆和一间健身房，并很快会投入使用。
A new library and a gym in our school ________ ________ ________ ________ up to now and they will be put
into use very soon.
64. As one of top tourist destinations in China, Li River ________ ________ ________being visited.
作为中国最佳的旅游景点之一，漓江是值得一游的。
65. 全世界有数百万人因咬指甲而患上了痛苦的瘾，比抽烟还难。
Millions of people around the world________ from a________ addiction to biting their nails, which can be harder
than smoking cigarettes.
66. 他们钦佩他精力充沛、能干的执政方式和他的幽默感。
They ________ his ________, can-do approach to governing and his sense of humor.
67. 六次购买证明披萨不仅仅是一种食物， 它是一种生活方式。
Six buys________ pizza isn’t just a food, it’s a________.
68. 羽生结弦的高雅风格使他与其他花样选手截然不同。
Yuzuru Hanyu’s elegant style ______ him _____ from other figure skaters.
69. 动物死后，它们的尸体被分解，养分被送回土壤。
When animals died, their bodies ________ ________ ________ and the nutrients are returned to the earth.
70. 这个委员会在保持空气和水质方面起着重要作用。The committee ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ in maintaining air and water quality.
71. 如果方便的话，我希望您能接受我们的邀请。
We hope that you will accept our invitation if it ________ for you.
72. 混凝土是由水泥、沙子和碎石和水混合而成的。
Concrete ___________cement, sand, and gravel mixed with water.
73. 午夜将至，罗言带着父母妻儿到屋外放鞭炮。五颜六色的烟花把整个村子都照亮了。
As midnight approaches, Luo Yan takes his parents, wife and son outside to ______. The whole village ______
colourful fireworks.
74. 如果你错过这个机会,多年之后你才可能再次得到这样的机会。
If you miss this chance,it may be years before you ________ another one.
75. 我经常向同学或老师求助，结果在学习上不断取得进步。
I often ________ my classmates or teachers for help. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies.
76. 我们房子的前面有一棵高大的千年古树。
Just in front of our house __________with a history of 1,000 years.
77. 老师和她的学生们来了。
________the teacher and her students.
78. 试着在家里做些家务是很有好处的。 我们每年可以掌握一到两种生活技能。
Trying to do some chores at home ________. We can ________. 79. 我强烈建议你尽可能多地练习使用筷子。
(1)I strongly suggest that you should practice using chopsticks as much as possible.
(2)________, I strongly ________ that you can practice using chopsticks as much as possible.(增加名言，词汇升
级)
80. 一句多译
我强烈呼吁我们学校的所有学生，他们应该利用他们的业余时间仔细品尝这些美妙的作品。
(1)I strongly ________ to taste these wonderful works carefully.
(2)(高频短语)I strongly ________.
三、语法填空
1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Humans____81____(make) about 9 billion tons of plastic since the 1950s, only 9% of____82____has been
recycled and 12% has been burnt. The remaining 79% has accumulated ( 积累) in the____83____(nature)
environment._____84_____(help) lighten nature’s load, researchers are now looking at alternative methods for plastic
reduction. One such____85____(solve) comes in the form of a certain mushroom species with the ability to
consume polyurethane, one of the main ingredients in plastic products. Scientists have discovered a few
mushrooms that eat plastic over the years and while some are rare, others can___86___(find) in our local market.
Recently, students on____87____class research trip from Yale discovered a rare mushroom in the Amazon
rainforest. According to the Yale research team, the plain-looking light brown mushroom can live in environments
with or without oxygen, breaking down polyurethane before turning it_____88_____organic matter. The idea
of_____89_____(use) mushrooms to break down plastic isn’t without its limitations. Releasing new organisms into
new environments can be tricky business. One approach would be to collect the plastic debris (碎片) first and let
the mushroom work its magic in a_______90_______(control) environment.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位
置上。
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games opening ceremony was held on February 4, 2022, the same day as
“Lichun”, or “Beginning of Spring”—the first of 24 solar terms on China’s lunar calendar (阴历)—____91____
(represent) the organizers’ wish for friends around the world to welcome a new spring together.
At 8 p.m. on the big screen of the National Stadium, the countdown of the Chinese “24 Solar Terms” was
being played, ____92____ (accompany) by the imagery of changing seasons, showing how the Chinese
____93____ (observe) and lived with nature and the world since ancient times. Featuring Chinese festival culture
____94____ a technology-enhanced visual spectacle (景象), a fantastic ceremony took the world’s breath away as
the opening of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games ____95____ (declare), making the Chinese capital the first
city in the world to host both Summer and Winter ____96____ (edition) of the Olympics. International Olympic
Committee President Thomas Bach expressed his gratitude towards China ____97____ making the Winter
Olympic Games happen in a safe way for everyone. The ceremony was characterized by engaging with the general
public and ____98____ (diverse), with some performers coming from schools and grassroots arts groups, and
teenagers accounted for 95% of the performers at the ceremony.
“This ceremony is equally ____99____ (impress) as the one in 2008,” Exarchos, CEO of OBS, said.
____100____ the Winter Olympics show is the Chinese people’s confidence, pride, love and affection for the
people of the world—our great philosophy and values.
3阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Song Guoliang, a spacecraft engineer in Beijing, remembers a special lesson — China’s first space-based
science lecture — that led him ____101____ (join) the industry.
“I can clearly recall ____102____ lecture that took place in June 2013, near the end of my ____103____
(five) year in middle school. I was most impressed by the experiment using a rotating top that showed us how the
law of conservation works. Still ____104____ (fascinate) by the rotating top after the lecture, I went to my physics
teacher to discuss details of the interesting experiment,” the young researcher said.
The lecture lasted only 45 minutes, ____105____ it was long enough to spark Song’s interest in spaceflights.
He ____106____ (choose) to apply for Beijing Institute of Technology’s School of Aerospace Engineering the next
summer, determined to devote himself ____107____ China’s space explorations.
“Studying spacecraft engineering made me realize the reason why the rotating-top experiment ____108____
(select) for the space lecture — it was because the astronauts wanted to show us the physical laws behind a
spaceflight,” he said. “The lecture aroused ____109____ (curious) about space journeys and explorations in
countless students like me and succeeded in spreading space knowledge.”
After his graduation, Song landed a job at _____110_____ appeared to be a most suitable place for a space
enthusiast — the China Academy of Space Technology in Beijing.
4
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In southern China, there is a famous road ___111___(build) across Poyang Lake, which lies in the north of
Jiangxi Province, China and is known as China’s second ___112___ (large) lake. People in China also call it “the
most beautiful road under the water.”
This road is sure ___113___ (attract) a lot of attention towards the end of May every year. A lot of people
come out of ___114___ (curious). The water level of the lake is so close to the surface of the road, ___115___
makes the view ahead broad and bright when people drive along. It’s as though they were taking a boat across the
lake. The feeling is ___116___ (simple) wonderful!
For the next few months, this road is not above the surface___117___under the water. When the water level of
Poyang Lake starts to go up, the road surface becomes unseen. However, drivers can still drive across the lake
safely ___118___ watching the guardrails(防撞护栏) fixed on either side of the road. For thrill-seeking motorists,
it’s like ___119___ (drive) an amphibious(水陆两栖的) super car. Then in a few days, the entire road ___120___
(flood) with the continuously rising water. A few months later, the road will reappear.5
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
China will start engineering the ____121____(four)phase of its lunar exploration program this year, China
National Space Administration(CNSA)Vice Administrator Wu Yanhua said on Sunday.
The major goal for the phase-4 lunar program is ____122____(conduct )scientific exploration at the lunar
south pole in order to facilitate the ____123____(construct)of a basic structure for a lunar research station in the
region. “It would be ____124____ science station open to all and openly run by different countries and
organizations together,” Wu told CGTN. Wu also said the moon base development would be a three-step process,
____125____(feature)openness and international cooperation.
“In the first step, we hope to survey and build some necessary facilities in 10 years,” he said. “And in the 10
years or so after the first stage, we look to build a ____126____(relative)all-around science station, with
engagement from different countries, organizations, including private-sector participation.” He said the third stage
would be operation, ____127____ the station would provide good ____128____(science)conditions for global
scientists.
Since 2016, China ____129____(celebrate)its space achievements every year on April 24. The space program
often reveal big projects on the date. In addition _____130_____ lunar missions, China is planning to build an
asteroid defense system, which can detect asteroids(小行星)that may hit the Earth and try to reduce the risk.
6
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
A flight recorder is an electronic recording device____131____(place) in an aircraft for the purpose of helping
the____132____(investigate) of air accidents and incidents. Flight recorders are also known as black box. However,
they____133____(paint) bright orange in color actually to aid in their recovery after accidents.
The black box____134____(consist) of two separate pieces of equipment: the flight data recorder (FDR) and a
cockpit (驾驶舱) voice recorder (CVR). FDRs record things like airspeed, altitude, vertical acceleration and fuel
flow. The CVRs track the crew’s interactions with each other and air traffic control, but also background noise that
can give vital clues____135____investigators.
They are compulsory on any commercial flight or corporate jet, and are____136____(usual) kept in the tail of
an aircraft, where they are more likely to survive a crash.
This box is made of Titanium metal and is enclosed in a Titanium box____137____will make sure to give it
the____138____(strong) to withstand (忍受) any shock if it falls in the sea or falls from the height.It can work for 30 days without any electricity. It can withstand____139____temperature of 1100 °C. When
this box is lost anywhere, it keeps on____140____(send) the waves along with a beep sound for about 30 days.
参考答案
一、
1. B
【解析】考查连词。句意：根据最近发布的一份报告，北京空气污染的主要原因是汽车尾气排放，而在上
海最大的问题是灰尘和重工业。A.as当……时候；B.while然而；C.although尽管；D.where在哪里。根据
句意，此处前后文表示对比，用并列连词while表示对比。故选B。
2. D
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：在上车之前，我以为我已经学会了教练的指令，然而一旦我启动了车，
我的大脑一片空白。A. so所以；B. and并且；C. for因为；D. yet然而。上文提到“学会了教练的指令”与
后文“启动了车，我的大脑一片空白”构成转折关系，应用yet。故选D。
3. A
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：——我计划今年夏天去爬黄山。你想一起去吗？——哇！那将是令人
兴奋和具有挑战性的。算我一个！A. as well as既……又……，也；B. as good as和……一样好；C. as long
as只要；D. as far as远至，就……而言。exciting和challenging是两个并列的形容词，用as well as连接。
故选A项。
4. B
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我以为他在听我的意见，然而他在想他自己的事。A. when当……时
候；B. while然而；C. so所以；D. however然而。分析句意可知，上下句为转折关系，however是副词，不
能连接句子。故选B。
5. B
【解析】考查状语从句连词辨析。句意：在做任何决定之前 ，你应该学会兼顾一下你的情感和理智。A.
although尽管；B. before在......之前；C. because因为；D. unless除非。根据语境以及分析句子，空格处填
引导状语从句的连词，此处应该是表示动作发生的时间先后顺序。故选B项。
6. B
【解析】考查固定句型和连词。句意：他刚要出发，天就下雨了。be about to do...when...是固定句型，意为
“正要做……这时……”，空格处用并列连词when，故选B。
7. A
【解析】考查连词。句意：清楚地描述你的问题，这样别人就能容易地理解你的问题。A.so所以；B.but但是；C.or或者；D.for因为。前半句是祈使句，表条件，所以后半句是结果。表示结果的连词是so，故选
A。
8. B
【解析】考查连词。句意：打扫完教室后，我感到很累但很高兴。A. nor也不；B. but但是；C. or或者；
D. so所以。根据句意可知，“tired”和“happy”之间为转折关系，很累但很高兴，故空格处应用“but”，意
为“但是”，表转折。故选B项。
9. C
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：沿着这条街走 100 米，然后你就会看到医院。 A. or 或者；B.
otherwise否则；C. and然后、和；D. or else否则。“祈使句+and/or+简单句”为固定句型，此处应填 and
表示“然后”。故选C项。
10. D
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：由于这两个国家的社会制度有很大的不同，双方没有必要也不可能改
变对方。A. either; or二者择一；B. both; and两者都；C. not; but不是……而是……；D. neither; nor既
不……也不……。根据上文“Since these two countries are quite different in the social systems”指两者都不，
应用neither…nor…。故选D。
11. D
【解析】考查句子结构、连词等。句意：“Jim被告诉了很多次，但他又犯了同样的错误，”他的母亲抱
怨道。因后文有连词but，不能和although以及as一起使用，故排除AC两项；因有连词but，前文不可用
非谓语动词作状语，排除B项。故选D项。
12. C
【解析】考查连词及短语。句意：当我们设计一栋建筑的时候，我们应该在走廊上提供一个适合轮椅的入
口，以及电梯，合适的盥洗室和厕所。A. except除了……之外；B. as well也，以及，后不可跟其它成分；
C. as well as也，以及；D. but但是。此处表示在提供轮椅的基础上，还要提供电梯、盥洗室和厕所。故选
C。
13. D
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：不是比尔就是你昨天早上值班。由并列连词 either…or…连接两个主语时，
谓语动词的单复数要与离它最近的主语保持一致,该句中离谓语动词近的主语是you ，再根据时间状语
yesterday morning，阐述过去的事实，谓语动词用一般过去时were。故选D项。
14. A
【解析】考查连词。句意：中国人和日本人都是亚洲人。主语由 both...and...接时，谓语动词用复数形式；由并列结构either...or....，neither...nor...接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词的单复数保持一
致。故选A。
15. C
【解析】考查连词。句意：牧羊人和他的狗一大早就出发了，这样他们就能在中午之前把羊群赶到山谷里。
A. because因为；B. before在……以前；C. so that为了，以便；D. while 当……的时候。根据句意可知，
“在中午之前把羊群赶到山谷里”是“牧羊人和他的狗一大早就出发”的目的，所以用连词 so that 引导目
的状语从句。故选C项。
16. A
【解析】考查倒装和时态。句意：他不仅许下了承诺，而且还坚守承诺。根据句子分析，此句为 not
only…but also…连接的句子，not only，but also为并列连词，连接的前后两个分句要保证时态一致。句子
本身为：He not only made a promise, but he also kept it。Not only放在句首，要用部分倒装，但只是在有否
定词not only句子中倒装，还要保证前后时态一致，故倒装为：Not only did he make a promise, but also he
kept it。故选A。
17. C
【解析】考查连词。句意：——你记得把办公室的钥匙给汤姆了吗? ——是的。我一见到他就给他了。A.
as long as只要；B. once一旦；C. the moment一……就；D. while然而。题目中表示“一……就”，用 the
moment引导时间状语从句，故选C。
18. C
【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：史密斯太太正在厨房里做早餐，突然听到有人大声敲门。A.before在......之
前； B. since自从；C. when正在那时；D.while尽管。be doing sth when...“正在做某事，正在那时......”。故
选C项。
19. C
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：每个人都应该知道法律，但很少有人这样做。be supposed to do sth.意为
“应该做某事”，且本句的主语是“Everybody”，谓语动词应用第三人称单数，故选C项。
20. D
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：尽管这一数字好于预期，但几乎没有迹象表明欧元区会很快走出衰退。分
析句子结构，此句为although引导的让步状语从句。the figure（数字）作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；
there be中be动词的单复数取决于与最近名词保持一致，即与few signs保持一致，be动词用复数形式。故
选D项。
21. C【解析】考查动词短语辨析和主谓一致。句意：每个乐器和每个音乐家都有不同的功能：维持、修饰、合
成和创新，并结合成两种关键的角色支持和领导。take on呈现，具有； take up拿起；开始从事。根据句
意和“different functions: sustaining, modifying, synthesizing and innovating”可知，每个乐器和每个音乐家都
有不同的功能，应用动词短语take on作谓语动词，表示“具有”，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，又因
“each/every+单数名词+and+each/every+单数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。故选C项。
22. B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自从我开始住在这个城市，我就认识他了。由 since从句用一般过
去时可知，主句时态是现在完成时，主语I是第一人称，因此空格处是have known，故选B。
23. C
【解析】考查时态。句意：赵兰已经在这所学校学习2年了。根据句子结构和意思可知，句子有时间状语
for two years和副词already，所以谓语要用现在完成时，主语是Zhao Lan，所以谓语要用第三人称单数形
式。故选C。
24. B
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汤姆来中国已经三年了。由“for 3 years”可知，句子时态用现在完
成时，主语Tom是第三人称单数，“在中国”是in China，因此空格处是has been in，故选B。
25. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：我很长时间没见到你了。你去哪儿了？由“for a long time”可知，句
子时态用现在完成时，主语I是第一人称，因此第一空是“haven’t seen”；根据语境可知，问题是问“你在
之前这段日子在哪里”，“一段日子内一直在做某事”应用现在完成时，主语 you是第二人称，因此问句
应为Where have you been？故选C。
26. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：汤姆一到上海就会给我打电话。A.arrives到达；B.will reach到达；
C.arrives in到达；D.get to到达。as soon as引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，主语he是第三人
称单数，因此空格处动词用第三人称单数，排除B和D；arrive是不及物动词，其后要跟介词，Shanghai是
大城市，其后介词用in，因此空格处是arrives in。故选C。
27. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：——教室里有人吗？——没有，不仅学生而且老师都去操场观看艺
术节的开幕式了。表示“已经去往”，是现在完成时，应用have/has gone to，且not only...but also...句型遵
循就近原则，与teacher保持一致，应用has。故选C。
28. C【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：你离开时要确保所有的灯都关了。分析句子可知，此处应该用
一般现在时；主语all the lights和谓语动词turn off之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，注意
主谓一致。故选C。
29. B
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：在他们为期一周的逗留的最后一天，约翰和他的朋友们被邀请
到北岸一个美丽的农场，在星空下听一场私人音乐会。当主语后接介词短语 as well as并列主语时，谓语动
词的单复数应和介词短语前的主语保持一致。本句中主语John, as well as his friends与谓语invite构成被动
关系，结合语境可知为一般过去时的被动语态，且与John保持一致，用单数。故选B。
30. A
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：我弟弟和我都不喜欢踢足球。此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现
在时，neither..nor...连接的主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则，谓语和I保持一致，使用原形。故选A。
31. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：自从他离开学校以来，他一直为我们工作。分析句意可知，句中关
键词 ever since表示“自从”，后接时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时，主句的主语
he是第三人称单数形式，谓语动词用单数；综上分析，空处应该用现在完成时单数形式 has worked。故选
C项。
32. C
【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：地球绕着太阳转。“地球绕着太阳转”是客观事实，用一般现在时，
主语The earth单数，谓语单数形式。故选C项。
33. D
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：那些跑得快的人应该参加明天运动会的400米赛跑。结合句意和句子结构
可知，空处应处理为定语从句或者主语从句，故排除 C；anyone作先行词时，关系代词who是单数概念，
谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故排除A；whoever引导主语从句作主语时看作第三人称单数，谓语动
词应用第三人称单数形式，故排除B；those作先行词时，关系代词who是复数概念，谓语动词用原形，故
D项符合题意。故选D。
34. A
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：柏拉图认为天赋和智力并不是由基因决定的，所有阶层的孩子
都可以被发现有天赋，尽管他提出的针对受过教育的少数人的选择性公共教育体系并没有真正遵循民主模
式。第一空，主语talent and intelligence 为不可数名词短语，表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数；第二空，
根据句意，用be to do表示将来，也用单数形式，talent and intelligence与find之间是被动关系，因此用不定式的被动式，故选A。
35. D
【解析】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：—我们想坐在窗户边的桌子。—不好意思，已经有人坐了。
根据时间状语“already”和句意可推测句子要用现在完成时；分析句子可知，空格处在句子中作谓语。主语
it代指“the table near the window”，与动词take之间为被动关系。故此处用现在完成时的被动语态，且主
语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数has。故选D项。
36. B
【解析】考查时态。句意：在过去的10年里，拥有汽车的人数有所增加。根据后文in the past 10 years可
知应用现在完成时，主语为The number of people ，助动词用has。故选B。
37. B
【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：学校有300台电脑，其中四分之三是由希望工程提供的。此处
主语与谓语构成被动关系，结合上文 has 可知为一般现在时的被动语态；且主语为 three fourths of
them，“分数或百分数＋of＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词形式要以 of后面的名词而定，them
是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。故选B。
38. A
【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：她是得到老教授帮助的学生之一。根据句意和下文的 got可知，
用现在完成时，who引导定语从句，指代先行词students，从句中作主语，故从句的谓语动词与students保
持人称和数的一致，用复数，故选A。
二、
39. while most men don’t
【解析】考查并列句。根据汉语提示可知，空白处的内容为“而大多数男人不喜欢购物”。分析句子可知，
空白处的内容和前文为并列关系，表示“然而”用连词while；表示“大多数男人”用most men；表示
“不喜欢购物”，结合前文“women like shopping”，此处的时态为一般现在时，表示同一个动作，可以省
略like shopping，使用助动词don’t。故填while most men don’t。
40. while I like
【解析】考查连词。此处连接并列句，应用while；表示“喜欢”应用like，结合上文likes可知为一般现在
时，主语为I，谓语用原形。故填while I like。
41. as well as efficient
【解析】考查介词短语。结合中文句子可知英文句子缺少“又有效率”，as well as“和、又、也”，并列连
词，连接两个形容词作表语，“效率”此处应用形容词，即efficient，故填as well as efficient。42. Not only does
【解析】考查连词词组和部分倒装。“不仅……还……”用 not only...but also...表示，该连词词组可用于连
接两个并列分句，且当not only置于句首时，会引起其后分句的部分倒装；结合原句，分析句子可知，
“太阳不仅给我们提供光”可译为The sun not only gives us light，为了强调，可以把not only置于句首，其
后用部分倒装，借助助动词does，改为Not only does the sun give us light。故填Not only does。
43. not taught but
【解析】考查固定句式和语态。not…but…表示“不是……而是……”，the urges与teach之间是被动关系，
应该用被动语态，故填not taught和but。
44. According to the survey while
【解析】考查固定短语和连词。表示“根据”应用固定短语 according to；表示“调查”应用“the
survey”；表示“然而”应用连词while。故填①According②to③the④survey⑤while。
45. while
【解析】考查连词。根据句意，此处要用并列连词“然而”，while“然而”，并列连词，在句中用来连接
意思相对的两个句子。所以此处用while。故填while。
46. as well as
【解析】考查并列连词。as well as用作连词，连接两个并列的同等成分，其意义为“不但……而且……”，
“既……又……”，这时相当于not only ... but also ...。它所连接的部分既可以是单词、短语，也可以是句
子。值得注意的是，在A as well as B的结构里，语意的重点在A，不在B。该句中as well as连接两个谓语
动词。故答案为as well as。
47. not only but also
【解析】考查并列连词。根据中英文提示可知，此处考查并列连词 not only...but also...“不仅......而且......”，
句中连接两个并列的谓语动词。故填①not②only③but④also。
48. while
【解析】考查连词。根据前后句意可知，空后句子所陈述的内容与空前句子的内容之间为转折对比的关系，
while表示“然而，但是”，可用于连接表示转折对比的两个分句，故填while。
49. while
【解析】考查连词。根据前后句意可知，空后句子所陈述的内容与空前句子的内容之间为转折对比的关系，
while表示“然而，但是”，可用于连接表示转折对比的两个分句，故填while。
50. Not only the students but also the teacher
【解析】考查固定短语。固定短语not only…but also“不仅……而且……”，且保持就近原则，结合后文was可知teacher应为单数名词，student应用复数形式。故填Not only the students but also the teacher。
51. while others don’t have enough
【解析】考查并列句。分析可知，句子为while连接的并列句，前后表示转折对比，表示“有些……有
些……”为some…others…，表示“吃不饱”为don’t have enough。故填while others don’t have enough。
52. and the year was soon over
【解析】考查句子结构主系表和并列句。根据前文谓语动词“zipped”可知，并列句用一般过去时，谓语动
词用过去式，故表示“又是一年”可用主系表结构the year was over；表示“转瞬”用副词soon，位于系动
词之后，由并列连词and相连。故填and the year was soon over。
53. and she liked it very much
【解析】考查并列句和动词时态。句意：我们为她买了一件生日礼物,她非常喜欢它。根据中英文提示，需
要翻译的设空部分为：她非常喜欢它。and连接并列句；she她；like喜欢；it它；very much非常。根据
bought可知，此处使用一般过去时。故填and she liked it very much。
54. either or
【解析】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“要么……要么……”可知短语为 either...or...。故填①either；
②or。
55. while the inner part is soft
【解析】考查连词和时态。根据句意，可知表示前后两句话的对比，应用连词while引导。根据while前句
子主语the green outer skin“外果皮”以及主系表结构和时态，可知while后句子主语表达为the inner part“内
果皮”，用主系表结构，且用一般现在时，表语用形容词soft“柔软的”充当，故填while the inner part is
soft。
56. not but
【解析】考查固定搭配。根据句意可知，此处是固定搭配not ... but ...“不是……而是……”。故填①not；
②but。
57. between, and
【解析】根据题干The Belt and Road is the symbol ofcommunication and cooperation__the East__the West. 可
知需要翻译的短语是"在…之间"，短语"在…之间"的英语表达是between…and在两者之间，固定搭配，故
答案为(1). between, (2). and。
58. not only but also
【解析】考查连接词。表示“不仅……而且……”应用连接词not only…but (also)，可以连接并列成分，本
句连接谓语。故空1填not only；空2填but also。59. but she also sings
【解析】考查连词、谓语。表示“不但……而且……”可用连接词not only…but (also)，在句中常用来连接
两个对等的成分，本句中连接谓语动词，also可省略，位置可以位于主语后，（第二个主语 she也可省
略）。故填but she also sings。
60. while I prefer to learn about western paintings
【解析】考查表转折的并列句和时态。根据句意和所给提示词while可知，空处为while连接的表转折的并
列句，内容和结构与前面句子对称，用一般现在时；表示“更喜欢”用短语prefer to；表示“学习”用
learn about；表示“西方绘画”用western painting。故填while I prefer to learn about western paintings。
61. was gifted/ talented
【解析】考查短语和时态。be gifted/ talented in在……有天赋。根据句中时态可知，用一般过去时。否定
词not only置于句首，要用部分倒装结构。主语为Su Shi，谓语动词用单数形式。根据句意，故填 was
gifted/ talented。
62. makes sense
【解析】考查固定短语和时态。根据汉语意思可知，设空出表示“言之有理”，用短语make sense；句子
描述的是现在的情况，用一般现在时，且从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，故填makes sense。
63. have been set up
【解析】考查动词短语和时态语态。观察中文和英文提示可知，空处缺少“被建立”的英文表达。set up
建立。根据up to now（到目前为止）可知，句子为现在完成时，主语为A new library and a gym，为复数，
且set up与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，句子用现在完成时的被动语态，谓语部分为have been set up。故
填①have；②been；③set；④up。
64. is worthy of
【解析】考查短语、时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，设空处缺少谓语部分“是值得的”，短语be worthy
of being done“值得做某事”符合句意及本句结构，结合句意可知时态为一般现在时，主语 Li River为第三
人称单数形式。故填①is②worthy③of。
65. suffer painful
【解析】考查动词时态和形容词。表示“患上”应用动词短语 suffer from，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般
现在时，主语为Millions of people，谓语动词用原形；表示“痛苦的”应填形容词painful作定语修饰名词
addiction。故填①suffer②painful。
66. admire full-of-energy
【解析】考查动词时态和名词。表示“倾佩”应用动词admire，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为they，谓语动词用原形；表示“精力充沛的”应用full of energy，结合空前的his可知，此处应填名词，
需加连字符，应填full-of-energy。故填①admire；②full-of-energy。
67. prove lifestyle
【解析】考查时态，主谓一致及名词。根据句意可知，此句描述一般事实，故用一般现在时。主语 Six
buys是复数，谓语动词用复数。表示“证明”用prove；第二空前由a修饰，故此处应填可数名词单数。表
示“生活方式”用lifestyle。故答案为①prove；②lifestyle。
68. sets apart
【解析】考查动词短语和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，“ _____him_____from other figure skaters”意为
“使他与其他花样选手截然不同”，“使……与……截然不同”是固定短语“set...apart from sb.”，句子描
述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“Yuzuru Hanyu’s elegant style”是单数，因此set用第三人称单数。
故填①sets；②apart。
69. are broken down
【解析】考查动词短语。“分解”使用动词短语break down，与主语bodies之间是被动关系，由后一个分
句中的are可知，句子是一般现在时，故此处使用一般现在时的被动语态。主语是名词复数，be动词用
are。故填①are②broken③down。
70. has a major role to play
【解析】考查动词短语和主谓一致。结合原文，译文中缺少“扮演重要角色”，可用动词短语have a major
role to play表示，意为“扮演重要角色；起重要角色”，根据句意，描述现在的情况，用一般现在时态，
主语The committee是集体名词，在句中视作“整体”，谓语动词用单数形式。故填 has a major role to
play。
71. is convenient
【解析】考查句子结构。“方便的”使用形容词convenient作表语，if引导的条件状语从句使用一般现在
时，主语是it，be动词用is。故填is convenient。
72. is made of
【解析】考查时态。根据句意可知，此处表示“由……组成”，表达为be made of，主语concrete为不可数
名词，且此句陈述事实，故应用一般现在时，故填is made of。
73. set off firecrackers is lit up with
【解析】考查动词原形、时态及语态。第一空处用动词不定式(to do)做目的状语，set off (引爆)用动词原形，
名词firecrackers (鞭炮)作宾语；第二空处为谓语，结合前面谓语approaches和takes时态可知，谓语结构
light up (照亮)用一般现在时，且与主语The whole village (单数)是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语单数形式，介词with (用)。故填①set off firecrackers； ②is lit up with。
74. get
【解析】考查动词时态。表示“得到”应用动词get，before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时代替将来，
主语为you，谓语动词用原形。故填get。
75. turn to
【解析】考查动词短语。空处表示“向……求助”，用动词短语turn to，由often可知句子是一般现在时，
主语是第一人称I，谓语动词用原形，故填turn to。
76. stands a tall tree
【解析】考查倒装句和动词时态。表示“站着”应用stand；表示“一颗高大的树”应用a tall tree；此处
“Just in front of ”置于句首，使用完全倒装，陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语为 a tall tree，谓语动
词使用第三人称单数形式。故填stands a tall tree。
77. Here comes
【解析】考查时态和全部倒装。根据句意可知，用一般现在时，此句应用全部倒装，将表方位的副词 here
谓语句首，后跟完全倒装，且谓语动词放在主语前，采取就近原则，首字母大写，故填Here comes。
78. is of great benefit master one or two life skills every year
【解析】考查固定短语、动词、主谓一致。固定短语be of great benefit表示“有好处的”，动名词短语
“Trying to do some chores at home”作主语，be动词要用单数形式is；can后接动词原形。表示“掌握”应
用动词master ，是及物动词；表示“一到两种”应用短语 one or two；表示“生活技能”应用短语 life
skills。故填 ①is of great benefit ②master one or two life skills every year。
79. As the old saying goes, practice makes perfect recommend
【解析】考查名言和动词。根据汉语意思“我强烈建议你尽可能多地练习使用筷子”可知，本句强调的是
多练习的重要性，可添加的名言是“熟能生巧”，因此第一空是“俗话说，熟能生巧”，对比中英文句子
可知，第二空是“建议”，“俗话说，熟能生巧”翻译为“As the old saying goes, practice makes
perfect”，“建议”是recommend，由上方句中的suggest可知，第二空recommend也用原形，故填As the
old saying goes, practice makes perfect和recommend。
80. call on all the students in our school to make use of their spare time appeal to all the students in
our school to make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works carefully
【解析】考查固定短语，时态和主谓一致。对比中英文句子可知，第一空意为“呼吁我们学校的所有学生
利用他们的业余时间”，第二空意为“呼吁我们学校的所有学生，他们应该利用他们的业余时间仔细品尝
这些美妙的作品”。“呼吁某人做某事”可用固定短语call on sb. to do sth.或appeal to sb. to do sth.，“我们学校的所有学生”是 all the students in our school，“利用他们的业余时间”是 make use of their spare
time，“仔细品尝这些美妙的作品”是taste these wonderful works carefully，句子描述现在的情况，时态用
一般现在时，主语是I，因此动词call和appeal用动词原形，因此空格处分别填“call on all the students in
our school to make use of their spare time”和“appeal to all the students in our school to make use of their spare
time to taste these wonderful works carefully”，故填 call on all the students in our school to make use of their
spare time，appeal to all the students in our school to make use of their spare time to taste these wonderful works
carefully。
三、
1
81. have made
82. which
83. natural
84. To help
85. solution
86. be found
87. a
88. into
89. using
90. controlled
【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了用蘑菇分解塑料的科学研究。
81. 考查时态。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，人类已经制造了约90亿吨塑料，其中只有9%被回收，12%
被烧毁。根据时间状语since the 1950s可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示过去开始的动作或状态一直持续
到现在。主语Humans为名词复数，主谓一致，故填have made。
82. 考查定语从句。句意：自20世纪50年代以来，人类已经制造了约90亿吨塑料，其中只有9%被回收，
12%被烧毁。分析可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为9 billion tons of plastic，“数词+of+关系代
词which”引导从句，在从句中作主语，which指代事物。故填which。
83. 考查形容词。句意：剩下的79%在自然环境中积累。根据后文名词environment可知，此处应用形容词
作定语修饰名词。故填natural。
84. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了帮助减轻大自然的负担，研究人员现在正在寻找减少塑料的替代方法。
根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作状语，表示目的。句首字母大写，故填To help。85. 考查名词。句意：其中一种解决方案是一种能够消耗聚氨酯的蘑菇，聚氨酯是塑料产品的主要成分之
一。根据句子结构和前文One such可知，此处应用其名词solution的单数形式作主语。故填solution。
86. 考查被动语态。句意：多年来，科学家们发现了一些吃塑料的蘑菇，虽然有些很罕见，但其他的可以
在我们当地的市场上找到。分析可知，此处为谓语，动词find和主语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态（be
done）。情态动词can加动词原形，故填be found。
87. 考查冠词。句意：最近，来自耶鲁大学的学生在一次班级研究旅行中在亚马逊雨林发现了一种罕见的
蘑菇。后文名词短语class research trip是泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，所连接的 class发音以辅音开头，
故填a。
88. 考查介词。句意：根据耶鲁大学研究小组的研究，这种不起眼的浅棕色蘑菇可以在有氧或无氧的环境
中生存，可以在将聚氨酯转化为有机物之前将其分解。turn sth into“把某物变成，把某物转化为”是固定搭
配，符合句意。故填into。
89. 考查非谓语动词。句意：用蘑菇分解塑料的想法并非没有局限性。介词of后应用动名词作宾语。故填
using。
90. 考查过去分词转化的形容词。句意：一种方法是先收集塑料碎片，让蘑菇在可控的环境中施展魔法。
分析可知，此处为非谓语，动词control和名词environment之间是被动关系，故用其过去分词转化的形容
词作定语。故填controlled。
2
91. representing
92. accompanied
93. have observed
94. and
95. was declared
96. editions
97. for
98. diversity
99. impressive
100. What
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是北京2022年冬奥会开幕式的相关情况。
91. 考查现在分词。句意：2022年2月4日，北京2022年冬奥会开幕式在中国农历24节气中的第一个节
气“立春”，这代表了主办方希望世界各地的朋友们一起迎接新的春天。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“was held”，空格处用非谓语动词，“the first of 24 solar terms on China’s lunar calendar”和represent之间是
主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填representing。
92. 考查过去分词。句意：晚上8点，在国家体育场的大屏幕上播放着中国“二十四节气”的倒计时，伴
随着季节变化的画面，展示了中国人自古以来对自然和世界的观察和生活。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语
是“was being played”，空格处用非谓语动词，由by可知，空格处用过去分词表被动，故填accompanied。
93. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晚上8点，在国家体育场的大屏幕上播放着中国“二十四节气”的倒计
时，伴随着季节变化的画面，展示了中国人自古以来对自然和世界的观察和生活。由“since ancient times”
可知，句子时态用现在完成时，主语Chinese是复数，因此空格处是have observed，故填have observed。
94. 考查连词。句意：当北京2022年冬季奥运会宣布开幕时，以中国节日文化和科技增强的视觉奇观为特
色的一场精彩的仪式让世界惊叹不已，这使中国首都成为世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市。
根据语境和句意可知，“Chinese festival culture”和“a technology-enhanced visual spectacle”是并列关系，且
句子是肯定句，因此空格处用and，故填and。
95. 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：当北京2022年冬季奥运会宣布开幕时，以中国节日文化和科技增
强的视觉奇观为特色的一场精彩的仪式让世界惊叹不已，这使中国首都成为世界上第一个同时举办夏季和
冬季奥运会的城市。北京2022年冬季奥运会是被宣布开始，且句子描述过去的事情，空格处是一般过去时
的被动语态，即was/were done，主语“the opening of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games”是单数，因此
空格处是was declared，故填was declared。
96. 考查名词的复数。句意：当北京2022年冬季奥运会宣布开幕时，以中国节日文化和科技增强的视觉奇
观为特色的一场精彩的仪式让世界惊叹不已，这使中国首都成为世界上第一个同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会
的城市。由“both Summer and Winter”可知，空格处用复数，句子表示“这使中国首都成为世界上第一个
同时举办夏季和冬季奥运会的城市”，故填editions。
97. 考查介词。句意：国际奥委会主席巴赫对中国为所有人提供安全的冬奥会举办地表示感谢。“express
one’s gratitude for sth.”意为“对某事表示感谢”，因此空格处是介词for，故填for。
98. 考查名词。句意：典礼的特点是与公众互动和多元化，一些表演者来自学校和基层艺术团体，青少年
占典礼表演者的95%。空格处用名词作宾语，diverse的名词是diversity，意为“多元化”，是不可数名词，
故填diversity。
99. 考查形容词。句意：OBS首席执行官Exarchos说：“这个仪式和2008年一样令人印象深刻。”空格处
用形容词作表语，impress的形容词是impressive，意为“令人印象深刻的”，故填impressive。
100. 考查主语从句。句意：冬奥会展示的是中国人民对世界人民的信心、骄傲、爱和感情——我们伟大的
哲学和价值观。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示的是“冬奥会展示的是中国人民对世界人民的信心、骄傲、爱和感情”，因此空格处用what引导主语从句，位于句首，首
字母大写，故填What。
3
101. to join
102. the
103. fifth
104. fascinated
105. but
106. chose
107. to
108. was selected
109. curiosity
110. what
【解析】本文是一篇及下文。文章讲述了宋国良的从事研究宇宙飞船工程的原因。
101. 考查非谓语动词。句意：宋国良是北京的一名航天工程师，他记得一节特别的课——中国第一堂太空
科学课——让他加入了这个行业。固定短语lead sb to do“让某人做某事”。故填to join。
102. 考查冠词。句意：我清楚地记得那次讲座发生在2013年6月，那时我高二年级快结束了。分析句意
可知，这里的lecture是特指2013年6月那场讲座，应用定冠词the。故填the。
103. 考查序数词。句意：我清楚地记得那次讲座发生在2013年6月，那时我高二年级快结束了。分析句
意可知，这里是中学中的第五年，应用序数词。故填fifth。
104. 考查非谓语动词。句意：讲座结束后，我仍然被旋转的陀螺所吸引，我去找物理老师，讨论这个有趣
实验的细节。fascinate与主语I是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填fascinated。
105. 考查连词。句意：讲座只持续了45分钟，但这足以激发宋对太空飞行的兴趣。结合句意可知，前后
句为转折关系，应用转折连词but。故填but。
106. 考查时态。句意：第二年夏天，他选择报考北京理工大学航天工程学院，决心投身中国的太空探索。
根据语境可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填chose。
107. 考查介词。句意：第二年夏天，他选择报考北京理工大学航天工程学院，决心投身中国的太空探索。
固定短语devote oneself to sth“某人专心于”。故填to。
108. 考查动词语态。句意：研究宇宙飞船工程让我意识到为什么选择旋转陀螺实验作为太空讲座的原因。
主语the rotating-top experiment与动词select是动宾关系，且事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。
故填was selected。109. 考查名词。句意：这次讲座激发了无数像我一样的学生对太空旅行和探索的好奇心，成功地传播了太
空知识。动词aroused后接名词，作宾语。故填curiosity。
110. 考查宾语从句。句意：毕业后，宋在北京的中国空间技术研究院找到了一份工作，这似乎是一个最适
合航天爱好者的地方。介词 at后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词 what引导。故填
what。
4
111. built
112. largest
113. to attract
114. curiosity
115. which
116. simply
117. but
118. by / if
119. driving
120. will be flooded
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了鄱阳湖周边的一条公路。
111. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国南方，有一条著名的公路横穿鄱阳湖，鄱阳湖位于中国江西省的北部，
被称为中国第二大湖。中国人也称它为水下最美的路。根据句子结构分析可知，此处 build为非谓语动词
作定语，修饰名词road，因为road与built是被动关系，因此需使用过去分词的形式。故填built。
112. 考查形容词最高级。句意：在中国南方，有一条著名的公路横穿鄱阳湖，鄱阳湖位于中国江西省的北
部，被称为中国第二大湖。中国人也称它为水下最美的路。根据句意可知，此处large修饰lake表示第二大
湖，因此需要使用最高级形式。故填largest。
113. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这条路在每年五月底一定会吸引很多人的注意。根据短语“be sure to do”意
为“一定会…”，可知此处需要使用不定式形式。故填to attract。
114. 考查名词。句意：很多人出于好奇而来。根据句子结构分析可知，此处需要使用名词作介词of的宾语，
故填curiosity。
115. 考查定语从句。句意：湖的水位与路面很接近，当人们开车前行时，前面的景色很开阔明亮。根据句
子结构分析可知，此处为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面一句话，因从句中缺少主语，所以
需使用关系代词。故填which。116. 考查副词。句意：这种感觉简直太棒了！根据句子结构分析可知，此处需要使用副词修饰形容词
wonderful，故填simply。
117. 考查转折连词。句意：在接下来的几个月里，这条路不是在水面上，而是在水下。当鄱阳湖水位开始
上升时，路面变得看不见了。根据句意可知，“above the surface(在水面上)”与“under the water(在水下)”是
相反的位置，因此需要使用转折连词。故填but。
118. 考查介词/条件状语连词。句意：然而,司机还可以通过看固定在道路两边的防撞护栏来安全地通过路
面。/如果看着固定在道路两边的防撞护栏，司机也能安全通过路面。根据句意可知，此处可以通过介词
+doing的形式表示“通过某种方式”，即“通过看固定在道路两边的防撞护栏来安全地通过路面”，也可
以使用if表示条件，即“如果看着固定在道路两边的防撞护栏”也能通过。故填by或if。
119. 考查非谓语动词。句意：对于寻求刺激的司机来说，这就像驾驶一艘水陆两栖的超级汽车。根据句子
结构分析可知，此处drive为非谓语动词作介词like的宾语，因此需使用动名词的形式。故填driving。
120. 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意：再过几天，整个道路都会被不断上涨的洪水淹没。根据时间状语
“in a few days”意为“几天之后”可知，此处需要使用一般将来时，因为主语road与flood是被动关系，因
此需要使用被动语态，故填will be flooded。
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121. fourth
122. to conduct
123. construction
124. a
125. featuring
126. relatively
127. where
128. scientific
129. has been celebrating/has celebrated
130. to
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述中国将于今年开始第四阶段的月球探测工程。
121. 考查序数词。句意：中国国家航天局(CNSA)副局长吴燕华周日表示，中国将于今年开始第四阶段的
月球探测工程。由句意可知，表示第四阶段的月球探测工程。故填fourth。
122. 考查不定式。句意：第四阶段月球计划的主要目标是在月球南极进行科学探索，以促进该地区月球研
究站的基本结构建设。根据句型分析以及前文goal可知，此空应填不定式作表语。故填to conduct。123. 考查名词。句意见上题解析。由前文 the可知，此空应填名词作宾语，且construction表“建筑”，
为不可数名词。故填construction。
124. 考查冠词。句意：“这将是一个对所有人开放的科学站，由不同国家和组织共同开放运营，”吴告诉
CGTN。station为可数名词，泛指“一个科学站”，所以应填不定冠词且 science首字母的发音为辅音音素。
故填a。
125. 考查非谓语。句意：吴还表示，月球基地的开发将分三步进行，以开放和国际合作为特色。根据句型
分析可知，此空应填非谓语结构，且 the moon base development 和feature为主动关系，所以应填现在分词
作状语。故填featuring。
126. 考查副词。句意：“在第一阶段之后的10年左右，我们希望建立一个相对全面的科学站，让不同国
家、组织，包括私营部门参与。”由句型分析可知，此空应填副词修饰后面形容词 all-around。故填
relatively。
127. 考查定语从句。句意：他说，第三阶段将投入运行，届时该站将为全球科学家提供良好的科学条件。
由句型分析可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为the third stage ，在从句中作表地点状语成分，所以应用
where。故填where。
128. 考查形容词。句意：他说，第三阶段将投入运行，届时该站将为全球科学家提供良好的科学条件。由
句子分析可知，此空应填形容词修饰后面名词conditions。故填scientific。
129. 考查时态。句意：自2016年以来，中国每年都在4月24日庆祝其太空成就。太空计划经常在当天公
布大型项目。由前文 Since 和句意可知，这里应用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，且主语 China 和
celebrate为主动关系。故填has been celebrating/has celebrated。
130. 考查介词。句意：除了登月任务外，中国还计划建立一个小行星防御系统，该系统可以探测可能撞击
地球的小行星，并试图降低风险。这里考查In addition to表“除了” ，为固定搭配。故填to。
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131. placed
132. investigation
133. are painted
134. consists
135. to
136. usually
137. which
138. strength139. a
140. sending
【解析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了飞行记录仪。
131. 考查过去分词。句意：飞行记录仪是一种安装在飞机上的电子记录设备，目的是帮助调查航空事故和
事故。动词place和device之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填placed。
132. 考查名词。句意：飞行记录仪是一种安装在飞机上的电子记录设备，目的是帮助调查航空事故和事故。
空处应填名词作help的宾语，investigation调查，不可数名词。故填investigation。
133. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：然而，它们被涂成明亮的橙色，实际上是为了帮助它们在事故后
恢复。主语they指代Flight recorders，和动词paint之间是被动关系，且此处描述一个事实，应用一般现在
时的被动语态，主语表示复数意义，be动词用are，故填are painted。
134. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：黑匣子由两个独立的设备组成：飞行数据记录器（FDR）和驾驶舱语音
记录器（CVR）。句子是描述一个事实，应用一般现在时，主语是名词单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数
形式。故填consists。
135. 考查介词。句意：驾驶舱语音记录器可以追踪机组人员之间的互动和空中交通管制，但也可以追踪背
景噪音，为调查人员提供重要线索。clue to…“……的线索”，固定搭配。故填to。
136. 考查副词。句意：它们在任何商业航班或公司专机上都是强制性的，通常放在飞机尾部，这样它们在
坠机时更有可能幸存。空处修饰动词kept，应用副词形式，故填usually。
137. 考查定语从句。句意：这个盒子是由钛金属制成的，并被封闭在一个钛盒子里，这将确保给它力量以
承受任何冲击，如果它坠入大海或从高处落下。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是 box，关系
词在从句中作主语，应用which引导。故填which。
138. 考查名词。句意：这个盒子是由钛金属制成的，并被封闭在一个钛盒子里，这将确保给它力量以承受
任何冲击，如果它坠入大海或从高处落下。空处应填名词作give的宾语，strength“力量”，不可数名词。
故填strength。
139. 考查不定冠词。句意：它可以承受1100°C的温度。此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，故填a。
140. 考查动名词。句意：当这个盒子在任何地方丢失时，它会持续发送声波并发出哔哔声，持续大约 30
天。keep on doing sth.“持续做某事”，故此处用动名词。故填sending。
