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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清
代词
1
考点复习
代词的种类
一、 人称代词
1. 人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种情况：
①作主语的人称代词如果孤立地使用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常
用宾格。
—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why me? John is sitting there doing nothing.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格以及意义上一般要保持前后一
致。
The thief was thought to be he.(the thief是主格，故用he替代)
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。(me是宾格，故用her替代)
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital. → It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me(I).但在下列句中有区别：
I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him, too.
2. 两个以上的人称代词并列，其次序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂总是放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一(人称)。宾格me也一样。
You, she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
【典例示例】
1.（2020·江苏·单项填空）This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then
goes for ______.
A.whichever B.whenever C.wherever D.whatever【答案】D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意:这个演员通常在表演前就已经计划好了前两个技巧，然后全力以赴。A.
whichever无论哪个；B. whenever无论何时；C. wherever无论何地；D. whatever无论什么。分析句子成
分可知，此处做goes for的宾语，指代“任何事情”，whatever符合语境。故选D。
2.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier
than _________who are not.
A. ones B. those C. these D. them
【答案】B
【解析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处
代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，
不能与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选B。
3. （2018· 新课标卷II· 短文改错）As kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I
asked to them, my parents would not let me. They would say to us that playing card
games
would help my brain.
【答案】us改为me
【解析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌有助于大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是
we。故把us改为me。
4. （2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find
68 (they) alive.
【答案】them
【解析】此处作find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
二、 物主代词
1. 注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。
2. one’s own...＝...of one’s own句式的转换。
3.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg
三、 反身代词1. 反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2. 反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
devote oneself to致力于
dress oneself自己穿衣
enjoy oneself过得快活
feel oneself觉得正常
3. 反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己；独立地
of oneself自然地；自动地
by oneself独自地
in oneself本身
【典例示例】
（2018·新课标卷III·短文改错）Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity, others
were nervous and anxious. I had done homework but I was shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【解析】句意：我已经完成了自己的作业。表示“我的”用my不用myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
四、 相互代词(each other，one another)
相互代词无人称、数和格的区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s，one another’s，作定语。
一般来说，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但现在区分已不明显。
五、指示代词(this，that，these，those，such，same)
指示代词具有形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词this(these)和that(those)的区别。
①this(these)一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that(those)常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下的作用；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上的作用。
I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.③为了避免重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问对方；this和that可以当副词用，意思相当于副词
so。
Can hard work change a person that much?
要点分析
考向1 对替代词的考查
1. that(those), one(ones)和it(的替代用法)
代词 用法
it 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物
可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词相当于 the
that
one。其复数形式为those，相当于the ones
one 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的＂一个＂，其复数形式为ones
those 指＂the＋名词复数(尤其是有后置定语时)＂
—Did you get a ticket?
——你搞到票了吗？
—Yes, I managed to get one.
——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。
Studying Wendy’s menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.研究了温迪的菜单，
我发现其中很多东西和麦当劳的相似。
The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it.
这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。
说明：①one和that都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但是在下列情况下不可以互换：
只能用that 只能用one
that既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词， one 只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为
常要求有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为 ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只能用
those。 one
②the ones用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，尤其在有后置定语的情况
下。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。Only those(the ones)who had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进去。
但是，the ones中的ones根据情况可用形容词修饰，而those不可以。
—Which do you want?你想要哪个?
—I’ll have the red ones.我要红色的。
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
【知识链接】
1. 当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词以及this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another
等限定词之后时，通常可以省略。如：
I think my dog’s the fastest (one). 我想我的狗是跑得最快的(一只)。
Either (one) will suit me. (这两个当中)哪一个对我都合适。
Let’s have another (one). 咱们再来一个吧。
She looked at each (one) carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每一个，然后才挑选。
Which (one) would you like?—That (one) looks the nicest. 您要哪一个?——看起来那个最好。
2. 复数形式的 ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词以及 some, any, both, several,
dozen, own 等词修饰。如：
Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? (不能说：…some
ones?)
Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没有新的日记本?——我们眼下一
本也没有了。(不能说：... any ones? )
He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。(不能说：... two ones.)
注：如果ones前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以使用上述词语。如：
误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones
正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones
在美国英语中，ones不能紧跟在these和those之后。但是在英国英语中可以这样用(也不常见)。
3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，通常不宜用one(s)来替代。如：
Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? (不能说：... or tea ones? )
但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one(s)替代。如：
We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 我们可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。
【典例示例】
1.（2016·浙江卷）In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from _______ in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：在许多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系大不相同。that指代上文的the education
system。it指代的是同一种事或物。one是泛指，指代同类中的一个。故选A。
2. Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _______ this morning.
A. it B. those C. one D. that【答案】C
【解析】句意：通常在大雾天会有很多事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一起事故。根据语境可知，此处指上
句提到的＂一起交通事故＂，故用one代替。即C项正确。
3. I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _______.
A. one B. it C. this D. that
【答案】B
【解析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子，但
是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。
4. Studying Wendy’s menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _______ of McDonald’s.
A. those B. ones C. any D. all
【答案】A
【解析】those=the ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s修饰，符合语
境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy餐馆
的菜单，我发现其中许多与麦当劳的菜单项目非常相似。
考向2 对both，all，either，any，neither，none 的考查
【典例示例】
1. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _______ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. neither
【答案】D
【解析】all全部；none没有一个；either两个中任何一个；两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究小组在调
査的基础上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告里面都没有任何有用的建议。故选D。
2.—When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?
—_______. I’ll be in all day.
A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either
【答案】D
【解析】句意：＂我什么时候打电话过来？早晨还是下午？＂＂都可以，我一直都在。＂根据句意可知是
在＂早晨和下午这两种情况中做出选择＂。A、B通常都表示三者或者三者以上的情况，neither表示两者
都不。故D正确。
3. Although Rosemary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _______ of her enthusiasm for life.
A. no one B. neither C .none D. all【答案】C
【解析】no one没有人；neither表示否定两者，题干没有两者提示，因此不选；表示三者以上的否定意用
none。句意：罗斯玛丽这么多年遭受了严重疾病所带来的痛苦，但是她一点也没有丧失对生活的热情。
4. My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
【答案】B
【解析】这里要注意是在那家店里没有买到，就是说店里的任何一块表都不可用的，有一个特定的范围，
用none。nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调＂没有一个＂；no one只能指人；
neither表两者都不，故此题选B。句意：我哥哥想买一块好表，但是在那家店里没有合适的。
考向3 对 another，the other，other，others，the others 的考查
代词 用法
other 不能单独使用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义
the other可单独使用，特指两个人或物中的＂另一个＂；也可修饰名词，表示
the other
＂另外的……＂
单独使用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指＂另一，再一＂；泛指三者或三者以
another 上的人或物中的＂另一个＂。另外another后可接＂基数词/few＋复数名词＂
形式，表示＂另外的……(多少)＂
others 单独使用，表示泛指意义，意为＂其他的人或事物＂，常与some一起出现
the others 意为＂剩余的一些＂
His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.
他父母都在一家医院工作。一个是医生，一个是护士。
When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them.
当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们带着自己的方言。
You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星！与别人一起工作的确是你的所爱。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse，another is a teacher and still another is a worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
We need another few chairs.我们还需要几把椅子。
【典例示例】
1. （2018·新课标卷I· 短文改错）The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs,
ducks, and another animals.
【答案】another改为other
【解析】他们住在一个小房子里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。根据句意可知，将another改成other。2. —Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?
—_______ one?
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
【答案】C
【解析】another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用
时，数词放在它们的前面，如 one more apple, two other boys；every指每一个，含义与all接近。因此选
C。句意：＂亲爱的，可不可以到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？＂＂还要吃一块？＂
3. To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _______.
A. the other B. other C. the others D. another
【答案】D
【解析】两者中另一个用＂the other＂。不定数目(两个以上)中的另一个用＂another＂句意：为了保持清醒，
他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。
4. You are the team star! Working with _______ is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你是球队明星！与他人合作必定是你的拿手好戏。习语＂one’s cup of tea＂意为＂the type
of thing or person that you like＂。
5. Neither side is prepared to talk to _______ unless we can smooth thing over between them.
A. others B. the other C. another D. one other
【答案】B
【解析】neither含有＂两者都不＂之意，一方对应另一方，故用the other指＂两者中的另一个＂。句意：
除非我们能够清除他们之间的障碍，否则双方没有一方愿意同另一方谈话。
考向4 对 it的考查
it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的
人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替
不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名
词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
1. 指动物和植物。☞ Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
2. 指代无生命的东西。
☞ This is my watch. It’s made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。
3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。
☞ Well, you mustn’t play on the road. It’s dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！
二、用于指代人
1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
☞ —Who is knocking at the door? ——谁在敲门？
—It’s me. ——是我。
2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。
☞ —Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? ——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？
—It may be the headmaster. ——可能是校长。
3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。
☞ —Who’s that? ——那人是谁？
—Is it Helen? ——是海伦吗？
—Yes, I think you’re right. It’s Helen. ——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。
三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
1. 表示时间。
☞ —What’s the date? ——今天是几月几日？
—It’s the third of March. ——今天是3月3日。
2. 表示距离。
☞ It’s only five minutes’ walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。
3. 表示自然现象。
☞ It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。
4. 表示环境、形势等。
☞ If it’s convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的
主语
从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。
☞ It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正
主语
是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。
☞ It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
3. It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的
谓语
动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……
的
时候了＂。
☞ It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。
4. It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完
成时态，
由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后
面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）……
次做……＂。
☞ It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。
5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟
语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意义时，则不用虚
拟语气。
☞ It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗
憾！
☞ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！
6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的
happen，
seem等词是不及物动词。
☞ It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。
7. It be＋adj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid...) of sb＋to do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如
果不定
式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑
主语的）。常见的形容词有 bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，
horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：
sb is＋adj.＋to do sth
☞ It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。
8. It be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的
逻辑
主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修
饰
动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，
difficult，
dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
☞ It is important for her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人……时间
☞ It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人……钱
☞ It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。
11. It’s up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做……
☞ It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。
12. It’s useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth
该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是 no
use(＝not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。
☞ It’s no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。
五、作形式宾语
1. 用于 ＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂ 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语
从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
☞ I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
☞ I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
☞ I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
2. 用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需
要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
☞ I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。
☞ The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
☞ We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer for(承担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，
see to(确保)等。
☞ I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。
六、it构成强调句
1. 强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
2. 强调句型强调的成分
强调句型强调的成分：主语、宾语、状语。被强调部分指人时，用who或that皆可；指物时，只能用
that；被强调部分是时间、地点，原因或方式状语时，不用when，where，why或how而用that。
☞ It was the beautiful lady that/who I met in the hotel yesterday.
我昨天在旅馆里遇到的正是这位漂亮女士。(强调宾语)
☞ It was in Beijing that we visited the Bird’s Nest and Water Cube.
正是在北京我们参观了鸟巢和水立方。(强调地点状语)
☞ It is my mother who/that reminds me to get up on time every day.
每天都是我妈妈提醒我按时起床。(强调主语)
3. 对not...until结构的强调
not...until结构的强调句型为＂It is/was not until...that...＂在这一固定句型中，由于not已经前移，that
后只能用肯定形式。
☞ He didn’t go to bed until ten o’clock.→It was not until ten o’clock that he went to bed. 直到10点他
才睡觉。
☞ I didn’t realize it until I got off the bus.→It was not until I got off the bus that I realized it.
4. 如何识别强调句型
强调句型中的it is/was和that无实际意义，去掉后，句子结构仍然完整、正确，句意仍然明确；而其
他句型去掉it is/was和that后，句意不完整。
☞ It is for three hours that they have worked. 他们已经工作三个小时了。（强调句型）
☞ It is a wonder that he is still alive. 他还活着真是个奇迹。（it作形式主语）
【典例示例】1.（2018年·浙江卷·语法填空）Many westerners 5 7 who/tha t come to China cook much less than in their
own countries once they realize how cheap 5 8 can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【解析】考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真
正主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。
2. I’m afraid you can’t _______ to the village in an hour; you must allow for the icy road.
A. get it B. take it C. leave it D. make it
【答案】D
【解析】句意:恐怕你不能在一小时后到达那个村庄；你必须考虑到路面结冰。get it弄明白；take it认为；
leave it把它遗留在某地；make it及时抵达，成功。
3. —Alice, turn off the light and lock the door before you leave.
—_______.
A. Got it B. Made it C. Heard it D. Taken it
【答案】A
【解析】句意：＂爱丽丝，离开之前把灯关掉，把门锁好。＂ ＂知道了。＂got it知道，明白；made it约
定时间，做成某事。故选A。
4. —Mom. I came first in the National Basic Skill Competition.
—Well done! _______.
A. Keep it up B. Take it easy C. Catch it D. Hold it.
【答案】A
【解析】keep it up＂继续努力；再接再厉＂，符合题意。take it easy别着急；放松；catch it受罚；受责罚；
hold it稍等；别动。句意：＂妈妈，我在国家基本技能大赛上得了第一名。＂＂做得太棒了！要再接再厉
＂
2
知识强化
一、单项选择
1．_______ is required that by no means _______ he betray his motherland even if he lacks money or rights.
A．What; can B．It; could C．It; should D．What; could
2．She said she was in great need of such a table and asked me how much ________ table would cost.
A．one such beautiful round wooden B．such a beautiful wooden round
C．one such round beautiful wooden D．such a round beautiful wooden3．______ is generally agreed that no one can learn all the knowledge all his life.
A．What B．As C．Which D．It
4．______ is a fact that English people and American people share a lot of customs.
A．There B．It C．That D．that
5．You oughtn’t to have gone out without a coat yesterday. It isn’t surprising ________ you caught a cold.
A．whether B．why C．how D．that
6．The war and the suffering ________ caused had great effects on him.
A．that B．which C．as D．it
7．_______ in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive in Beijing next Friday.
A．It says B．It will be said C．It has said D．It is said
8．________ in the library regulations that any book borrowed should be returned by due time, or the borrower
will be fined.
A．What is required B．It is required
C．What requires D．It requires
9．I had thought I would have difficulty in solving the problems, but as a matter of fact, I met ________.
A．no one B．none C．nothing D．neither
10．Some babies began talking as early as six months; ________ don’t speak until they are more than two years
old.
A．others B．the other C．the others D．another
11．To improve my spoken English, I make ________ to recite a passage of English every day.
A．a rule B．a rule that C．it a rule D．a rule it is
12．Is this skirt ________she likes best?
A．one B．that C．which D．the one
13．What on earth makes ________ possible for people to communicate with each other by email and QQ?
A．them B．it C．that D．this
14．Nothing taught by others can have the same effect on you as________ learned by yourself.
A．one B．that C．those D．this
15．—Can _______ drive?
—Yes, I can. I usually drive to work.
A．you B．your C．yours D．yourself
16．Those who made ______ to the beach faced heavy machine gunfire.A．that B．this C．it D．them
17．______ remains valid that ______ win the 2022 All England Badminton Championship will be rewarded
68,000 US dollars.
A．What; whose B．That; whom C．It; whether D．It; whoever
18．Mr. Zhang gave me many valuable presents, ________ that I had never seen.
A．ones B．one C．those D．the ones
19．If something is wrong, fix it. Do not worry. Worry never fixes ________.
A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
20．— Have you got any books on the differences between Chinese and Western festivals? I want to borrow one.
— Yes, here you are. But you must return ________ by Sunday.
A．one B．it C．this D．that
21 ． Video footage circulated by state media showed gray smoke emerging from the crash site and
________appeared to be a wing fragment lying along the side of a mountain trail with the Chinese characters for
“China Eastern” partly visible.
A．which B．that C．what D．as
22．It seemed so sad that the two, who had been lovers, pretended not to recognize ________ when they met in the
street.
A．neither B．the other C．each other D．another
23．In fact ________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.
A．this B．that C．there D．it
24．________ in the office had made a mistake, and the firm regretted causing the customers inconvenience.
A．None B．Anyone C．One D．Someone
25．—Bob isn’t feeling very well today. He has caught a cold.
—Everybody seems to have ______, owing to the sudden change of weather.
A．one B．it C．that D．another
26．We think _______ no use ________ with him.
A．it; arguing B．it; to argue C．that; arguing D．that; to argue
27．Nine in ten parents said there were significant differences in their approach to educating their children
compared with ____________of their parents.
A．those B．that C．the ones D．these
28．I believe ______ no use reading without full understanding.A．that B．this C．it D．you
29．You think he's talking nonsense, but I believe there is __________in his words.
A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything
30．I prefer a flat in Paris to ________ in Perth, because I want to live near my Mom's.
A．it B．that C．one D．this
31．I don’t mind what kind of car it is. I just want ______ that gets me there.
A．those B．one C．that D．ones
32．—Have you heard about Huawei P30?
—Sure. It is very hot these days. I’m thinking about getting ________.
A．one B．them C．that D．it
33．______ is becoming more and more important for us to master the skills of computers.
A．It B．That C．This D．What
34．He told me to keep my health code at hand, and then________would be easier to get into the school.
A．it B．all C．this D．which
35．Not all these books are second-hand; _______ of them are new.
A．all B．none C．some D．each
36．Watching videos ______ English.
A．makes it more convenient to learn
B．make it more convenient to learn
C．makes me more convenient to learn
D．make me more convenient to learn
37．For many older people, especially those __________health issues, poor eyesight makes_______ almost
impossible on small screens, and their leathery fingers makes _________to use touch-screens.
A．suffering, reading, it hard B．suffering from, reading, it hard
C．suffering from, to read, hard D．suffering, to read, hard
38．Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years.Everything_______comes into sight is so new
to me.
A．which B．whom C．that D．as
39．________ didn’t seem worthwhile writing it all out again.
A．This B．That C．Which D．It
40．Tell_________about the Great Wall please.A．I B．my C．me D．mine
二、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式．
1
Fido, a little dog,was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however, neither to be
troublesome,______41______would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to
make_____42_____(he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other
animals______43______came into the yard．
Once when his master was sick, Fido______44______(lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his
food．When his master was well enough, Fido _____45_____ (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of
joy that his master was more fond _____46_____ him than ever．
Fido even had a chance of _____47_____(save) his master's life ． His master was sleeping in a
summerhouse with Fido at his side． Suddenly______48______dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the
ceiling． Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking______49______( awake) his master． As this did
not succeed, he jumped up, and__________50__________( gentle) bit his finger． His master had just time to get
out of the door when the whole building fell． Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish． And his master had him
kindly taken care of till he got well．
2
While driving alone through the countryside, Linda saw an old woman by the side of the road, reaching out
her hand. ___51___ was getting dark and raining. “I can t leave her out in this weather,” Linda said to herself, so
she stopped the car.
“ Shall I offer you ___52___ lift?” Linda asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a
while Linda asked, “Have you waited for long?” The old woman shook her head. ___53___ (strange)enough, the
old woman didn’t say a single word all the way. Her only ___54___ (respond) was always a nod of the head or
something else like that.
Then Linda saw the lady’s hands, ___55___ were very large and covered with thick hair. She realized
___56___ the lady was a man! After ___57___ (stop) the car, Linda said, “can’t see that mirror. Would you mind
cleaning it ____58____me?” The lady nodded and opened the door. As soon as the “lady” was out of the car, Linda
drove off quickly.
When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady ___59___ (leave) a handbag on the backseat. Sheopened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it ____60____two sharp knives.
3
November 11, known as “Singles Day”, has grown into China’s and possibly the world’s __61__(busy) online
shopping day. Singles Day ___62___(create) by Chinese college students in the 1990s as ___63___ version of
Valentine’s Day for people without romantic partners. On that day, unattached young people would treat each other
to dinner or give gifts to chase that special someone ___64___(end) their single status. That gift-giving helped to
turn ___65___ into a major shopping event as sellers saw a marketing opportunity and launched Singles Day sales.
It is China’s ___66___(respond) to Cyber Monday in the US, the day after Thanksgiving weekend, ___67___
online shopping for Christmas begins.
Last year, ___68___(businessman) on Taobao and Tmall.com took in about $3 billion on Singles Day. This
figure exceeded the total of $1.25 billion that U.S. online business earned on Cyber Monday, ___69___(make)
Singles Day the biggest ecommerce sales day on record. China has the biggest population of online users in the
world, ___70___ about 538 million people online. Now, it follows the U.S. and Japan in online spending and is
forecasted to rise to first place as early as this year.
4
It was the spring of 1943 during World War Ⅱ. Standing among hundreds of new ___71___(soldier）at Camp
Grant, Sam, just 18 years old, waited as a truck slowly drove by. ___72___ full field pack was randomly thrown to
each soldier.
Sam received___73___ (he) After he opened the pack and looked at the things in it, he was greatly___74___
（astonish）. He found his last name, Litrenti, was marked on each thing in his pack. "How strange!" Sam
thought. He didn' t think the one ___75___ threw the field pack to him knew who he was.
So why was Sam’s last name marked on the things? You may not believe it, but it was the field pack that his
father ___76___（use）during World War I .
Sam ___77___（certain） didn’t know that when he received it. It wasn' t until after the war ___78___ he
found out why.
After the war, he talked ___79___that with his father. After _____80_____.（talk）for a while, Sam's father
became sure that the pack once belonged to him.
Both the father and the son couldn't believe that ! What a coincidence!
5
Do you know how__81__is when you see someone yawn and you start yawning too? Or how hard it is to beamong people laughing and not laugh yourself? Well, apparently it’s because we have mirror neurons （神经元）
in our brains.
__82__(put) simply, the existence of mirror neurons suggests that __83__ we see someone else do something,
our brains imitate it, whether or not we actually perform the same action. This explains a great deal about __84__
we learn to smile, talk, walk, dance or play sports. But the idea goes __85__(far)：mirror neurons not only appear
to explain physical actions, they also tell us that there is a biological basis for the way we understand other people.
Mirror neurons can undoubtedly be found all over our brains, but especially in the areas which relate to our
ability to use languages, and to understand how other people feel. Recently, researchers __86__(find) that mirror
neurons relate strongly to language. A group of researchers discovered that __87__ they gave people sentences to
listen to (for example: “The hand took hold of the ball”), the same mirror neurons were triggered __88__ when the
action was actually performed (in this example, actually taking hold of a ball).
Any problems with mirror neurons may well result in problems with behavior. Much research suggests that
people with social and behavioral problems have mirror neurons which are not fully __89__(function). However, it
is not yet known exactly how these discoveries might help find treatments for social disorders．
Research does mirror that neurons seems to provide us with even more information concerning how humans
behave and interact. Indeed, it may turn out to be the equivalent for neuroscience of what Einstein’s theory of
relativity was for physics. And the next time you feel the urge __90__(cough) in the cinema when someone else
does-well, perhaps you’ll understand why．
6
In many films, whenever Earth faces a disaster, the _91_（solve） is always fleeing the planet_92_
spaceship. But now the Chinese sci-fi movie, The Wandering Earth _93_（offer） a different and ___94___
（encourage） idea. In the film, Earth is being destroyed by the dying sun. In response, humans around the world
work together _95_ (build) a giant engine system, _96_will push Earth away from the sun. This"ambition" didn't
come from nowhere. Up to now “homeland” _97_ (have) a soft spot in the hearts and minds of Chinese people.
This special cultural background __98__(probable) makes The Wandering Earth different from other films.
The film was released on Feb 5, the first day of Chinese New Year. It was _99_ time when many people had
just made the hard journey back to _100_(they) hometowns. So there is only one possible way to tell the story：
Earth goes wherever humans go,because it's our home.
7
Liu Xin __101__(summary) her long career in the media industry with three letters: I, G and O.The first letter, I, stands for innovation (创新), As an anchorwoman (女主持人) of CGTN, she has to sit down
for one-on-one interviews with people from different walks of life. Quite often, she has to come up with
__102__(create) ways to make an impact during interviews. Once, she was tasked with interviewing a Swiss
inventor of solar energy planes. She __103__(care) arranged the interview with the inventor __104__(sit) in the
cockpit (驾驶舱) of his new plane. This not only livened up the conversation, but also offered the audience a
different view into the world of green energy.
‘G’ is for grit (勇气). When she was working in Geneva as __105__CCTV English channel journalist, she had
to face all kinds of challenges to get to the truth __106__the news. ‘Sometimes when I got back from work, I felt
like my head was about to blow off. But it was an inner voice __107__always told me to keep up.’
‘O’ is short for orientation (目标方向). As a journalist, she has to give it all by making careful plans for both
daily work and career development. ‘I always remind __108__(me) to keep a record of where I am and where I am
going.’
Together, the three letters make the catchy slogan ‘I go’. This, according to Liu, is __109__keeps her going
forward on her way to __110__(excellent).
8
When someone has deeply hurt you, it can be very difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible
— and it can be surprisingly __111__ (benefit) to your physical and mental health. So far, research
__112__(show) that people who forgive can have more energy, better appetite and better sleep. "People who forgive
show____113____(little) anger and more hopefulness," says Dr. Fre deric Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for
Good. So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people __114__(feel) more
energetic."
So when someone has hurt you, cool down first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something
__115__gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love. Don't wait for an _116_ (apologize).
“Many times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing," says Dr. Luskin. "They may have wanted to
hurt you or they just don't see things in __117__same way. So if you wait for people to say sorry, you could be
waiting a very long time."
Next keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean __118__(accept) the action of the person who
upsets you. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the
other person's perspective. You may realize that he __119__she was acting out of ignorance. To gain perspective,
you may want to write a letter to __120__(you) from that person's point of view.参考答案
一、
1．C
【解析】考查it的用法和虚拟语气。句意：他被要求决不背叛自己的祖国，即使他缺乏金钱和权利。分析
句子可知，此处是固定句型It is required that sb/sth (should) do...，此处It作形式主语，that引导主语从句，
是真正的主语，且从句用虚拟语气，从句中by no means “决不”置于句首，从句需用部分倒装，将情态动
词should提至主语前，故选C项。
2．A
【解析】考查不定代词和形容词的排列。句意：她说她非常需要这样一张桌子，并问我一张这么漂亮的圆
木桌子要多少钱。分析句子可知，句子为“how much”引导的宾语从句，从句中泛指同类桌子中的一个，
故应用“one”作主语，排除“B”和“D”，多个形容词修饰名词时，排列顺序为“限定词+描绘性形容词+形
状+新旧+颜色+产地+材料+名词”，“beautiful”为描绘性形容词，“round”为形状，“wooden”为材料，故
空格处应填“one such beautiful round wooden”。故选A项。
3．D
【解析】考查It作形式主语。句意：人们普遍认为，没有人可以一辈子学到所有的知识。分析句子可知，
that后接主语从句，是本句真正的主语，所以空处需填形式主语It。故选D项。
4．B
【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：事实上，英国人和美国人有很多共同的习俗。根据句意，英国人和美国
人有很多共同的习俗是一个事实，that引导的从句为句子的真正主语，为主语从句，空处用 it作形式主语，
放在句首，首字母应大写。故选B项。
5．D
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：昨天你不应该不穿外套就出去。你感冒了，这并不奇怪。此处为 it be adj.
that...，it作形式主语，that从句为真正主语。故选D。
6．D
【解析】考查代词。句意：战争和战争所造成的痛苦对他有很大的影响。分析句子结构可知，该句的主语
为the war and the suffering，谓语动词为had，主谓之间为限定性定语从句，修饰名词 suffering；根据句意
分析，是“战争”带来了痛苦，先行词suffering，为物，在定语从句中作caused的宾语，从句可用关系代
词that或which引导，也可省略关系代词；但是定语从句还缺少主语 the war，此处选指示代词it，指代the
war。本句完整的表达为：The war and the suffering (that/which) it caused had great effects on him. 故选D项。7．D
【解析】考查固定句型和时态。句意：报纸上说，日本外相将于下星期五抵达北京。固定句型 It’s said
that….“据说……”，it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故选D。
8．B
【解析】考查形式主语和语态。句意：图书馆规章规定，任何借的书都要按时归还，否则借阅者将被罚款。
分析可知，本句真正主语为that引导的从句，句首应用it作形式主语，排除AC两项；动词require“规定”
和主语之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，排除D项。故选B项。
9．B
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：我原以为我解决这些问题会有困难，但事实上，我没有遇到任何困难。
A.no one没有人；B.none没有一个；C.nothing没有一件东西；D.neither也不。but表转折，因此句子表示
“我原以为我解决这些问题会有困难，但事实上，我没有遇到任何困难”，空格处意为“没有一个”，是
none，故选B。
10．A
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：有些婴儿早在六个月大的时候就开始说话了；还有一些孩子直到两岁
多才会说话。A. others其他人；B. the other两个人或物中的另一个；C. the others剩余的全部；D. another
另一。此处与上文some构成some…others…结构，表示“一些……另一些……”。故选A。
11．C
【解析】考查it作形式宾语。句意：为了提高我的英语口语，我每天背诵一段英语作为常规。分析句子可
知，此处考查it作形式宾语，不定式to recite a passage of English是真正的宾语。故选C。
12．D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：这条裙子是她最喜欢的吗？A. one 一个，泛指；B. that 那个；
C. which哪一个；D. the one特指，一个。此处特指“她最喜欢的那个裙子”，应用the one。故选D。
13．B
【解析】考查代词和固定短语。句意：究竟是什么使人们通过电子邮件和QQ相互交流成为可能？make it
possible for sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“使某人有可能做某事”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不
定式，因此空格处是it。故选B。
14．B
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：别人教给你的任何东西对你的影响都比不上你自己学到的东西。A.
one一个人，表示泛指；B. that那个，特指，代替与前面同类的不同物的单数名词或者不可数名词以及代
词；C. those那些，特指，代替与前面同类的不同物的复数名词；D. this这个。此处指代nothing，上文nothing的修饰词是“taught by others ”，此处nothing的修饰词是“learned by yourself”，同类不同物。故选
B。
15．A
【解析】考查代词。句意：——你可以开车吗？——是的，我能。我通常开车去上班。由答语中的“I can”
可知，问句是问“你可以开车吗”，“你”是you，故选A。
16．C
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：那些成功到达海滩的人面临着猛烈的机枪射击。make it (to)为固定短语，
意为“准时到达；成功抵达”。故选C项。
17．D
【解析】考查it作形式主语和主语从句。句意：无论谁赢得2022年全英羽毛球锦标赛，都将获得6.8万美
元的奖励。第一个空是it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句；第二个空引导的从句位于谓语动词
will be rewarded前，是主语从句，缺少主语，指人，whoever引导主语从句时，意义相当于anyone who，
即表示“任何人……都”。故选D。
18．A
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：张先生给了我许多贵重的礼物，这些礼物都是我从未见过的。作前面
复数名 presents的同位语，所以用复数代词。ones泛指，替代前面出现的复数名词。those特指，替代前面
出现的同类名词，但不是同一个物体。the ones特指前面出现的复数名词，相当于the +复数可数名词，相
当于those。根据句意可知，此处泛指张先生送的一类礼物，所以用代词ones。故选A。
19．B
【解析】考查不定代词辨析。句意：如果出了问题，就解决它。 不要担心。 忧虑不能解决任何问题。A.
something某物，某事；B. anything任何东西，任何事物；nothing没有什么，没有什么东西；everything每
件事物，一切。根据“Don't worry”可知，担心什么也解决不了，所以建议不要担心。因题干中已有否定词
汇，所以选择“任何事”，故填B。
20．B
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：——你有关于中西方节日差异的书吗？我想借一本。——有，给你。
但你必须在星期天之前归还。A. one指代上文提到过的同类事物中的一个，但不是上文提到的那一个事物，
即“同类不同物”；B. it代替上文提到的东西，指同一个；C. this一般指较近的事物，不能代替前面的东
西；D. that代替可数名词单数或不可数名词，特指上文提到的某类事物。根据“I want to borrow one.”及
“Yes, here you are.”可知，此处指上文提到的那本书，指同一个。应用it。故选B。
21．B【解析】考查代词。句意：官方媒体播放的视频画面显示，坠机现场冒出灰色烟雾，那似乎是一块机翼碎
片，它躺在一条山道的一侧，部分可见“东方航空”字样。A.which哪一个；B.that那；C.what什么；D.as
作为。分析句子的结构可知，and连接并列句子，空格处是后一分句的主语，特指指代上句的“gray smoke
”，不可数，应用that。故选B。
22．C
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：这两个曾经是恋人的人在街上相遇时，竟假装不认识，这真叫人伤心。
A. neither两者都不；B. the other两者之间另外一个；C. each other互相，彼此；D. another三者以上另外一
个。根据“It seemed so sad”可知，此处表示两个曾经是恋人的人在街上相遇时假装彼此不认识。故选C。
23．D
【解析】考查it用法。句意：事实上，在一场重要的足球比赛中维持秩序对警察来说是一项艰难的工作。
此处为it be...for sb. to do sth.句型，it作形式主语。故选D。
24．D
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：办公室里有人犯了错误，公司后悔给顾客造成了不便。A. None没有
人；B. Anyone任何人；C. One一个人；D. Someone某人。此处表示“不确定的某个人”，应用someone。
故选D。
25．A
【解析】考查代词。句意：——鲍勃今天感觉不太舒服。他感冒了。——由于天气的突然变化，每个人似
乎都感冒了。根据句意分析，此处表示泛指a cold，表示“Everybody seems to have a cold”意义为：每个人
都感冒了。需用代词one。故选A项。
26．A
【解析】考查it用法和固定句型。句意：我们认为和他争辩没有用。分析句子可知，第一空用 it作形式宾
语，结合宾语补足语no use可知，第二空用动名词形式作真正的宾语，it’s no use doing sth是固定句型。故
选A项。
27．B
【解析】考查代词。句意：十分之九的父母表示，他们与父母在教育孩子的方法上存在显著差异。A. those
那些；B. that那个；C. the ones那个；D. these这些。特指上文中提到过的their approach to educating their
children应用that。故选B。
28．C
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：我认为没有充分的理解，阅读是没有用的。分析可知，空白处及之后的内
容作谓语believe的宾语；句式：believe it +名词+动名词，it为形式宾语，指代其后的动名词。本句中 it指代“reading without full understanding”，选项C符合题意，故选C。
29．A
【解析】考查不定代词。句意：你认为他在胡说八道，但我相信他的话里有某些重要内容。A. something
某事；B. anything任何事情；C. nothing没有什么；D. everything每件事。根据句意可知，他并不是完全在
胡说，还是有某些重要的内容，故选A项。
30．C
【解析】考查代词辨析。句意：与珀斯相比，我更喜欢巴黎的公寓，因为我想住得离妈妈家近一点。A.it
它，特指上文提到过人或事物，指同名同物；B.that那个，特指已提到过或已知的人或事物，指同类异物，
既可用于表示单数可数名词也可用于不可数名词；C.one一个，泛指单数可数名词，表示上文提到过的某
一个；D.this这个，指叙述中的人或事物，即指前面提到过的人或事物或下文提及的事物。设空处指代有
不定冠词修饰的单数可数名词a flat，表示泛指，因而用代词one。故选C。
31．B
【解析】考查代词。句意：我不介意它是什么样的车。我只想要一辆能把我带到那里的。结合句意，泛指
同类中的一个或一些用one或ones；that引导的定语从句对空处代词进行修饰限定，根据谓语动词gets判
断先行词是单数。故选B。
32．A
【解析】考查代词。句意：—你听说过华为P30吗？—当然。最近很热门。我在考虑买一个。A. one 泛指
一个，同名异物，相当于a/an + 名词；B. them 他们，指代前文出现过的复数名词；C. that 是特指，同名
异物，相当于the + 名词；D. it 指代前文提到的同一个，同名同物。根据句意和语境可知，此处应用 one
指代一个华为P30手机，故选A。
33．A
【解析】考查it作形式主语。句意：对我们来说，掌握计算机技能变得越来越重要。It is important for sb.
to do sth.做某事对某人来说是……，固定句型，此处 it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语。故选
A。
34．A
【解析】考查it的用法。句意：他让我把我的健康密码放在手边，这样就更容易进学校了。A.it这；B.all
全部；C.this这个；D.which哪个。it is easy to do是固定短语，意为“做某事很容易”，其中it是形式主语，
真正的主语是不定式to do，因此空格处是it，故选A。
35．C
【解析】考查代词词义辨析。句意：并非所有这些书都是二手的；其中一些是新的。A. all全部的；B.none没有一个；C. some一些；D. each每一个。根据“Not all these books are second-hand”可知，并非所有
这些书都是二手的，由此可知，其中一些是新的，空格表示“一些”，即some。故选C。
36．A
【解析】考查主谓一致和形式宾语。句意：看视频使学习英语更方便。句子是一般现在时，主语是动名词
短语Watching videos，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式makes，故排除B项和D项；分析句子可知，make
真正的宾语是动词不定式to learn English，应用it作形式宾语。故选A项。
37．B
【解析】考查非谓语动词，代词it，形容词和短语。句意：对于许多老年人，尤其是那些患有健康问题的
老年人来说，视力差使得他们几乎不可能在小屏幕上阅读，而且他们粗糙的手指也很难使用触摸屏。分析
句子可知，“_____health issues”作定语，修饰those，suffer from“患……病”，suffer“遭受”，由health
issue“健康问题”可知，用suffer from，与主语those是主动关系，用现在分词形式作定语；“make+宾语
+宾补”是固定用法，作宾语用动名词reading，不定式一般置后；空③make后的宾语是不定式“to use
touch-screens”，用形式宾语it，接形容词hard作宾语补足语，综上，故选B。
38．C
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：在过去的十年里，我们城市发生了巨大的变化。眼前的一切对我来说都是
那么新鲜。先行词everything，为不定代词，后接限定性定语从句，先行词在从句中作主语，只能用关系
代词that。故选C项。
39．D
【解析】考查固定句型和形式主语。句意：把这一切再写一遍似乎不值得。it is/was worthwhile doing sth.是
固定短语，意为“值得做某事”，题干中didn’t seem替代was，因此空格处是it，作形式主语，故选D。
40．C
【解析】考查代词。句意：请告诉我关于长城的事。A.I我，主格；B.my我的，形容词性物主代词；C.me
我，宾格；D.mine我的，名词性物主代词。设空处为tell的宾语，应用宾格形式，故选C。
二、
1
41．nor
42．himself
43．which/that
44．lay
45．was admitted46．of
47．saving
48．the
49．to awake
50．gently
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了一条名叫Fido的狗，经过努力，赢得主人喜爱的故事。
41．考查固定搭配。句意：但是，他很小心，既不惹麻烦，也不会进入主人的房间—除非主人允许。该题
考查neither…nor…固定搭配，意为“既不……也不……”。故填nor。
42．考查反身代词。句意：他努力使自己对主人来说有用。该空作make的宾语，且指主语本身，故应用
反身代词。故填himself。
43．考查定语从句。句意：他会赶走来到院子里的奇怪的猪和其他动物。“ 3 came into the yard”是
定语从句，修饰strange pigs and other animals，引导词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词 which/that引
导该从句。故填which/that。
44．考查动词时态。句意：有一次，他的主人生病了，Fido躺在房门前，甚至不出去觅食。该空作谓语，
且根据前面的时间状语可知，该空叙述的是发生在过去的情况，应用一般过去时态。故填lay。
45．考查动词时态和语态。句意：Fido被允许进入房间。该空在句中作谓语，主语Fido和admit之间是被
动关系，且根据该句时间状语，该句应用一般过去时态。故填was admitted。
46．考查介词。句意：他的主人比以前更加喜欢他。该题考查be fond of(喜欢)这个固定搭配。故填of。
47．考查动名词。句意：Fido甚至有机会挽救主人的生命。该空作介词 of的宾语，应用动名词。故填
saving。
48．考查冠词。句意：突然，这条狗看见墙在晃动。该处特指上文提到的 Fido，表特指，用定冠词the。
故填the。
49．考查非谓语动词。句意：他开始狂吠，想要唤醒主人。“______9______( awake) his master”是目的状
语，表目的，用动词不定式。故填to awake。
50．考查副词。句意：他跳起来，轻轻地咬他的手指。该空修饰bit，修饰动词用副词，故填gently。
2
51．It
52．a
53．Strangely
54．response
55．which56．that
57．stopping
58．for
59．had left
60．were
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是Linda开车穿过乡下，让一位老妇人打车，发现老妇人是伪装的
劫匪后机智甩开的故事。
51．考查代词。设空处指代时间和天气，故填It。
52．考查冠词。offer sb. a lift意为“让某人搭便车”。故答案为a。
53．考查副词。设空处在句 中作状修饰整个句子，需用 strange的副词形式。故答案为strangely。
54．考查名词。设空处由形容词性物主代词修饰在句 中作主语，需用respond的名词形式。故答案为
response。
55．考查关系词。设空处引导 非限制性定语从句修饰the lady's hands ,且在从句中作主语，故填 which。
56．考查连接词。句意：她意识到这位女士是个男人!设空处引导宾语从句且从句意义及成分均完整， 故
填引导词that。
57．考查动词-ing形式作宾 语的用法。Linda与stop之间是逻 辑上的主谓关系，且设空处作After 的宾语，
故填动名词stopping。
58．考查介词。句意：你介意帮我擦一下吗?设空处意为“为”， 故填for。
59．考查过去完成时。leave 表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作 found之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完
成时。故答案为had left。
60．考查倒装与主谓一致。句意：里面有两把锋利的刀。Inside在句首这 是一个完全倒装句，主语是后面
的two sharp knives ,谓语动词要用复数形式。故答案为were。
3
61．busiest
62．was created
63．a
64．to end
65．it
66．response
67．when
68．businessmen69．making
70．with
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍“光棍节”及有关事宜。11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成
为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。
61．考查最高级。句意：11月11日，被称为“光棍节”，已经成为中国乃至世界上最繁忙的网购日。此
处是形容词最高级，故答案为busiest。
62．考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人
的人设立的情人节。此处Singles Day 和create之间是一种被动关系，且句子指过去的事情，所以用一般过
去时态的被动语态，答案为was created。
63．考查不定冠词。句意：光棍节是中国大学生在20世纪90年代创造的，是为没有恋人的人设立的情人
节。此处用不定冠词a，结合句意可知答案为a。
64．考查动词不定式。句意：在那一天，为了结束他们的单身状态，单身的年轻人会请对方吃晚饭或送礼
物来追求那个特别的人。此处是动词不定式作目的状语，故答案为to end。
65．考查it的用法。句意：由于商家看到了一个营销机会，并在光棍节推出了促销活动，这种送礼行为帮
助光棍节变成了一场大型购物活动。此处it指Singles Day，故答案为it。
66．考查名词。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感恩节
周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处 China’s是名词所有格，后面用名词形式，故答
案为response。
67．考查定语从句。句意：这是中国对美国“网络星期一”(Cyber Monday)的回应。“网络星期一”是感
恩节周末后的第一天，也是圣诞节网购活动开始的日子。此处weekend是先行词，指时间，在后面的定语
从句中作时间状语，故答案为when。
68．考查名词复数。句意：去年，淘宝和天猫的商家在光棍节的收入约为30亿美元。此处用名词复数，故
答案为businessmen。
69．考查现在分词。句意：这一数字超过了美国网络星期一的12.5亿美元收入，使光棍节成为有记录以来
最大的电子商务销售日。此处是现在分词做自然的结果状语，故答案为making。
70．考查介词。句意：中国拥有世界上最多的网民，大约有 5.38亿网民。此处with“具有，和------在一
起”，故答案为with。
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71．soldiers
72．A73．his
74．astonished
75．who/that
76．used
77．certainly
78．that
79．about
80．talking
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。记叙了第二次世界大战期间，18岁的山姆意外巧合拿到了自己父亲的野战包的
故事。
71．考查名词的数。句意：18岁的山姆站在格兰特军营数百名新兵中间，等着一辆卡车缓缓驶过。soldier
为可数名词，由hundreds of意为“成百上千的”修饰, 因此要用soldier的复数形式。故填soldiers。
72．考查冠词。句意：一个完整的野战包被随机扔给每个士兵。pack为可数名词，此处用不定冠词a表示
泛指。故填A。
73．考查代词。句意：萨姆收到了他的。名词性物主代词his相当于his pack。故填his。
74．考查词性转换。句意：当他打开包装，看到里面的东西，他非常惊讶。根据前面的was可知,此处要用
形容词作表语,astonished表示“感到吃惊的”，修饰人。故填astonished。
75．考查定语从句连接词。句意：他不认为向他扔野战背包的那个人知道他是谁。分析句子可知，本句为
定语从句修饰先行词one，且先行词在从句中作主语，先行词是the one,指代人，故用关系代词who/that。
76．考查动词时态。句意：你可能不相信，这是他父亲在第一次世界大战期间使用的野战背包。根据前后
语境可知,此处表示过去的 事情,故用一般过去时。
77．考查副词。句意：萨姆收到信的时候肯定不知道。修饰动词know需用副词形式。故填certainly。
78．考查强调句。句意：直到战后他才发现原因。此处为强调句型“It is/ was not until + 被强调部分 + that
+ 其他部分”。故填that。
79．考查介词。句意：战后，他和他的父亲谈论了这件事。固定短语talk about sth.表示“谈论某事”。故
填about。
80．考查非谓语动词。句意：聊了一会儿，萨姆的父亲确信那包东西曾经属于他。after是介词，后面需接
动名词形式。故填talking。
5
81．it
82．Put83．every time/each time
84．how
85．further
86．have found
87．if/when
88．as
89．functioning
90．to cough
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。我们大脑中含有的神经元不仅让我们跟着别人的动作做，它也为我们理解他
人提供了生物学基础。
81．考查it作形式主语。句意：你知道当你看到别人打哈欠，你自己也开始打哈欠是如何发生的吗？这是
一个宾语从句，从句部分又是一个主语从句，从句缺主语，且主语为 when you see someone yawn and you
start yawning too，应用it来代替。故填it。
82．考查过去分词作状语。句意：简而言之，神经元的存在意味着，每次我们看到别人做一件事情，我们
的大脑会模仿它，无论我们实际上有没有进行这样的动作。“put simply”意为“简而言之”，是固定搭配，
由于是道理被简单地说，所以应使用过去分词形式表达被动意义。故填Put。
83．考查状语从句的连词。句意同上。这是一个时间状语从句。“每次”翻译为“every time/each time”，
引导时间状语从句，故填every time/each time。
84．考查宾语从句。句意：这能够很好地解释我们如何学习笑、说话、走路、跳舞与运动。“This”指代的
是上一句话，解释的是我们学习的方式，故此处宾语从句填从属连词how。
85．考查副词比较级。句意：但是这个想法可以解释地更深远：神经元不仅能解释身体动作，它们还能告
诉我们我们理解别人是有生理基础的。从not only…but also…可知，这句话是递进关系，所以是对神经元
意义的进一步挖掘。且空格处单词修饰动词goes，所以用副词的比较级形式。故填further。
86．考查现在完成时。句意：最近，研究者已经发现神经元与语言密切相关。由Recently可知，这句话使
用现在完成时。主语researchers为名词的复数形式，谓语动词用复数形式。故填have found。
87．考查状语从句连接词。句意：一组研究者发现当（如果）他们给人们听一些句子的时候，同样的镜面
神经元被触发，如同实际动作发生时一样。由两个括弧内的注释可知，这是将两种情形进行对比。所以空
格处单词与后半句中的when是并列关系，提出一个条件可以用时间状语从句也可以用条件状语从句，故
填if/when。
88．考查定语从句。句意同上。the same...as与......一样，是固定搭配，as翻译为“如同”，引导定语从句，修饰the same mirror neurons，故填as。
89．考查现在进行时。句意：很多研究指出有社会行为问题的人的神经元没有正常运行。这是一个定语从
句，从句的主语mirror neurons与谓语动词function之间是主动关系，故填functioning。
90．考查不定式做宾补。句意：下次在电影院，当你看到别人咳嗽你也想咳嗽的时候，也许你就能理解为
什么了。“the urge to do sth.”为动词短语，表示“做……的欲望”。故填to cough。
6
91．solution
92．by
93．offers/is offering
94．encouraging
95．to build
96．which
97．has had
98．probably
99．a
100．their
【解析】这篇文章是说明文。主要介绍了电影流浪地球的相关内容。
91．考查名词。根据前文的定冠词，可知此处应为名词，所以填solve的名词形式solution。故填solution。
92．考查介词。句意:地球有灾难的时候通过宇宙飞船逃离这个星球。by通过...的方式，故填by。
93．考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语是the wandering earth，单数，后面动词应该是第三人称单数，所以是
is offering或者是offers。故填offers/is offering。
94．考查动名词做定语。句意:流浪地球这部电影提供了一个与众不同并且鼓舞人心的想法。idea缺少修饰
词，所以用encouraging作定语修饰。故填encouraging。
95．考查不定式的用法。前文已经有work作为谓语，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to build。
96．考查非限定性定语从句。句意:全世界的人一起工作来建造一个可以把地球发射出太阳系的巨型机械系
统。先行词是system，为物，非限制性定语从句只能用which在从句中做主语。故填which。
97．考查现在完成时。句意:时至今日，家园这个词已经成为中国人心里最柔软的地方。时间状语up to
now直到今日，这是典型的现在完成时时间状语。故填has had。
98．考查副词。句意:这个特殊的文化背景或许使得流浪地球与其他电影不同。probably副词修饰后面的动
词makes。故填probably。
99．考查冠词的用法以及固定句型。句意:这是许多人经过辛苦的漂泊回到自己家乡的时代。it is a timewhen...为固定句式，意为“...的时代”应该是用不定冠词a。故填a。
100．考查形容词性物主代词。hometown前面缺定语，所以应该用形容词性物主代词their来做定语。故填
their。
7
101．summarized
102．creative
103．carefully
104．sitting
105．a
106．behind
107．that
108．myself
109．what
110．excellence
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。刘欣用三个字母总结了她在传媒行业的漫长职业生涯:I, G和O。文章对这三
个字母进行了分析。
101．考查时态。句意：刘欣用三个字母总结了她在传媒行业的漫长职业生涯:I, G和O。结合句意可知句
子用一般过去时态，故答案为summarized。
102．考查词形转换。此处ways是名词，由形容词来修饰，故答案为creative。
103．考查词形转换。句意：她仔细安排了与坐在新飞机驾驶舱里的发明家的面谈。此处arranged使动词，
由副词来修饰，故答案为carefully。
104．考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：她仔细安排了与坐在新飞机驾驶舱里的发明家的面谈。此处 the
inventor 和sit之间是主动关系，是现在分词作后置定语，故答案为sitting。
105．考查不定冠词。句意：当她作为中央电视台英语频道记者在日内瓦工作时，她必须面对各种各样的
挑战才能了解新闻背后的真相。结合句意可知此处应该用不定冠词表示泛指，故答案为a。
106．考查介词。句意：当她作为中央电视台英语频道记者在日内瓦工作时，她必须面对各种各样的挑战
才能了解新闻背后的真相。结合句意可知此处用介词behind。
107．考查强调句式。句意：那是内心的声音，总是告诉我要跟上。此处是强调句式，故答案为that。
108．考查反身代词。句意：我总是提醒自己要记录下我在哪里，我要去哪里。结合句意可知此处用反身
代词作宾语，故答案为myself。
109．考查表语从句。句意：刘说，这是她不断追求卓越的原因。此处表语从句缺少引导词，又缺少主语，故答案为what。
110．考查词形转换。句意：刘说，这是她不断追求卓越的原因。固定词组：on one’s way to+名词/代词宾
格/动名词，“在去------的路上”，可知此处用名词形式，故答案为excellence。
8
111．beneficial
112．has shown
113．less
114．to feel
115．that
116．apology
117．the
118．accepting
119．or
120．yourself
【解析】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要讲述了在生活中我们要学会原谅别人，宽恕别人。并且详细的分析
了为什么要原谅别人的原因和如何原谅别人的方式。
111．考查形容词。句意：但是宽恕是可能的——而且它对你的身心健康有着惊人的好处。系动词后且由副
词surprisingly修饰用形容词。此处应使用benefit的形容词形式。故填beneficial。
112．考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，研究表明，原谅别人的人有更多的精力、更好的食欲和更好
的睡眠。此处陈述客观事实，且研究已经完成且强调对现在的影响，用 show的现在完成时。So far是现在
完成时的时间状语，故填has shown。
113．考查形容词比较级。句意：宽恕的人表现出更少的愤怒和更多的希望。根据句意此处含有比较的意
味，此处的愤怒是与没有宽恕之前做对比。little的比较级是less。故填less。
114．考查非谓语动词。句意：所以它可以帮助减轻免疫系统的疲劳，让人们感到更有活力。allow sb to do
sth为固定搭配，意为:允许某人做某事。故填to feel。
115．考查定语从句。句意：做几次呼吸，想想能给你带来快乐的事情。此处that引导的定语从句做不定代
词something的定语。且从句缺少主语。故填that。
116．考查名词。句意：别等着道歉。冠词修饰名词。空格前的“an”非常清楚的告诉我们此处应该为
apologize的名词形式。故填apology。
117．考查定冠词。句意：他们可能是想伤害你，或者只是看事情的方式不一样。in the same way为固定搭
配。意为：以同样的方式。故填the。118．考查非谓语动词。句意：接下来要记住，宽恕并不一定意味着接受让你不安的人的行为。该句的谓
语为mean，表示“意味着”用动名词形式作宾语。故填accepting。
119．考查连词。句意：你可能意识到他或她是出于无知。此处连续出现两个代词，应为并列的关系，又
因为“他”或“他”，根据句意知此处为选择的意思。故填or。
120．考查反身代词。句意：为了获得观点，你可能想从那个人的角度给自己写一封信。自己以别人的角
度当然是给“自己”写信。句中主语和宾语是同一个人，宾语用反身代词。故填yourself。
