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01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习

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01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习
01定语从句要点精读与精练-2023年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清(通用版)_3.2025英语总复习_赠品通用版(老高考)复习资料_一轮复习

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2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清 定语从句 1 考点复习 考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句 一、常见关系代词的基本用法 1. that 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语。指人时,相当于 who或whom;指物时,相当于 which。不能引导非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语。 2. which 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语。如: The book which/that was on the desk was bought by my father.(主语) 3. who, whom, whose (1)who: 主格, 在从句中作主语,只可指人 (2)whom: 宾格,在从句中只能作宾语;只可指人 (3) whose: 表所属关系,在从句中作定语。译为:某人的,某物的 (4)whose + 名词 =the + n. + of which (某物的) = he + n. + of whom (某人的) 注意: ① 关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中,介词提前时,介词后:表人用 whom;表物用 which) ② 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末。但以放于句首较 为正式。(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词 who和that用作介词宾语时,介词 必须放在句末。) 4. as as引导定语从句,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语 (1)如为限制性的,多用于the same …as ; the same as(与……相同);such …as …(如此,这样); as many/much as(和……一样多);so/as …as(与……一样)等结构中。如: (2)如为非限制性的,as还可以单独引导一个定语从句,代替整个主句,这种定语从句可置于句首,句 中或句尾,译为"正如,这一点"。(动词常为know, see, expect, point out, etc.) As we all know, smoking is harmful to one’s health. (as作宾语) 众所周知,吸烟有害健康。 【典例分析】1.(2020﹒江苏)Many lessons are now available online, from _____ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:许多课程现在都可以在网上找到,学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限 定性定语从句,先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语,应使用关系代词which引导。 故选B。 2.(2020﹒天津)Dr. Rowan, ______ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了,他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句,修饰Dr. Rowan,引导词在从句中作定语,表示”Dr. Rowan’s “,表示”……的”,应用关系代词whose引导该从句,故选A。 3. (2019·新课标III卷·语法填空)They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:它们被他们的主人训练地很好,它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。 先行词为masters(主人),且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。 4.(2019· 浙江卷·语法填空)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___ gives off light in the dark. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句,先行词是cloth,指物,从句中缺少主语,因此,可以用 that或which引导。故填that/which。 二、that、 which只能用其中一个的情况 1. 只能用that,不能用which的情况 (1)先行词是all,something,everything,anything,nothing,little,much,few等不定代词或先行词被 all,any,every,no,little,much,some等词修饰。 ☞All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。 (2)先行词被序数词、 形容词最高级、the only,the very,the last等修饰时,关系代词通常只用that,不 用which。如:☞The first English novel that I read was Cities. 我读的第一本英文小说是《城市》。 ☞This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen. 这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 ☞This is the only thing that we can do now. 这是我们现在惟一能做的事情。 (3)先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只用that,不用which。如: ☞The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 ☞The foreign visitors spoke highly of the pioneers and their performances that they saw at the Children’s Palace. 外国游客高度赞扬了他们在少年宫所看到的少先队员以及他们的表演。 (4) 关系代词在限定性定语从句中作表语并带有类比含义时,通常只用that,不用which。如: ☞He is no longer the star that he was. 他不再是过去的那位明星了。 ☞Our school is no longer the school that it used to be. 我们的学校不再是以前的那所学校了。 (5) 句中其他位置已出现which, 为避免重复, 不用which而用that引导限定性定语从句。如: ☞Which is the car that has overtaken us? 超过我们的是哪辆车? 2. 只用which,不能用that的情况 (1) 在介词提前到关系代词之前形成"介词+关系代词"结构来修饰表事物的先行词时, 关系代词必 须用which。如: ☞The house in which we live is very large. 我们住的房子非常大。 ☞This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. 这就是老师正在谈及的那本参考书。 注意: 如果介词不放在修饰事物的限定性定语从句的句首, which就可换为that, 如: ☞This is the question which/that we’ve had so much discussion about. =This is the question about which we’ve had so much discussion. 这就是我们已经多次讨论过的问题。 (2) 先行词为"those+表事物的复数名词"时, 关系代词通常只用which而不用that。例如: ☞Students should keep in mind those regulations which restrict their behavior. 学生应牢记那些规范自己的行为准则。 ☞A bookshop should deal with a variety of those best sellers which are newly published. 书店应该经营新出版的各种畅销书。 (3)当先行词指物,关系词在句中作主语或宾语,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词只能用 which,而不用 that。 【典例分析】1.(2019﹒北京)The students benefiting most from college are those ___9___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。___3___ are totally engaged(参与)in academic life.是定语从句,修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语,代指人,故填 who或that。 2.(2017· 新课标卷I·语法填空)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 【参考答案】 which 【答案解析】句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整句话。 3. (2017· 新课标卷II· 短文改错)In their spare time, they are interesting(改为interested) in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house. 【参考答案】 which 【答案解析】非限制性定语从句需要用which引导,故将that改为which。 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句 1. 关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,在从句中作状 语。有时可用"介词+which"结构替换。 ☞I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。 2. 当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时,即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因的词仍用which/that。 ☞Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting? 这是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗? 3. 当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词,如:point,situation,case,stage等,如果引导词在从句中作状 语,常用关系副词where引导定语从句;如果不作状语,则用关系代词that/which。 ☞The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations where help is needed. 媒体经常能够帮助解决问题,把注意力吸引到需要帮助的情况。 关系代词和关系副词的选择 用法 依据 若是及物动词,后面若无宾语,用关系代词;若是不及物动词则 根据从句谓语动词 用关系副词。 把关系词放进定语从句中,若作主语或宾语用关系代词;作状语 根据关系词在从句中作的成分 则用关系副词。【典例分析】 1. (2019·新课标I卷·短文改错)One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. where 【参考答案】One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. when 【试题解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语,所以关系词使用when。 故将where改为when。 2.(2018·江苏卷·单项填空) Self- driving is an area _______China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. A. that B. where C. which D. when 【参考答案】B 【答案解析】考查定语从句。句意:自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先 行词为area,在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where,相当于in which。故选B。 3.(2018·新课标II卷·短文改错)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. 【参考答案】which前加in 或which改为where 【试题解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘,里面养着鱼。此处 a small pond是先行词, 其在后面的定语从句中作地点状语,故用in which或where。 【易错提醒】 当先行词是时间名词时,既可以用when引导定语从句,也可以用that或which引导定语从句,关键要 看关系词在从句中作何种成分。若关系词在定语从句中充当状语,用when引导;若关系词在从句中充当 主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。如: ☛Do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night? 你还记得我们整夜聊天的那些日子吗?(when在从句中作状语) ☛Do you remember the days that/which we spent together on the farm? 你还记得我们在农场一起度过的那些日子吗?(that或which作spent的宾语) 3. Experiments with domestic dogs, one animal was given a treat and another denied, have shown that they possess a sense of fairness as they shared their treats. A. what B. where C. that D. which 【参考答案】B 【答案解析】考查非限定性定语从句。句意:用家犬做试验,试验中一只给了食物,而另一只没有,这表明了它们有一种分享食物的公平感。分析句子结构可知,先行词是 Experiments,where在非限制性定语从 句中作地点状语,表示抽象地点,where相当于in which。故选B。 【易错提醒】 1. 当先行词为地点名词时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语,则用that或which引导。如: ☛This is the house which/that was built by my grandfather forty years ago. 这是我爷爷在40年前建造的房子。(定语从句中缺少主语,所以要用which/that,而不用where) 2. 当position,point,case,stage,situation,atmosphere等表示抽象地点的名词充当先行词时,若定语从 句中缺少状语,则用where来引导。如: ☛It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently. 把孩子们放在一个能够让他们从不同角度看待自己的环境中对他们很有帮助。 3. 关系副词why指原因,代替先行词并在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词一般是reason。 ☛Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 这是他拒绝我们帮助的理由吗? 4. Do you know the reason Mary is crying? A. when B. where C. why D. that 【参考答案】C 【答案解析】句意:你知道玛丽哭的原因吗?the reason why...是一个固定句型,why在此引导原因状语从 句,并在从句中作原因状语,故选C。 【易错提醒】 若代替先行词reason的关系词在定语从句中不作状语,而是充当主语或宾语,则用 that或which来引 导定语从句。如: ☛I won’t listen to the reason that/which you have given us. 我坚决不听你给我们的那个理由。(定语从句中缺 少宾语,所以要用which/that,而不用why) 考点三 非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句是对意义已经非常明确的先行词给予补充、说明,删去非限制性定语从句,主句的 意思仍是概念清晰、结构完整的。非限制性定语从句的引导词有who,whom,which,whose,as,when, where等,that不可用于引导非限制性定语从句,从句之前要用逗号。 先行词指人,则用who,whose,which等; 先行词指物,要用which; 先行词表时间或者地点,并在句中作时间状语或者地点状语时要用when或者where引导。 一、使用非限制性定语从句的情况: 1. 关系代词指代整个主句时,使用非限制性定语从句。☛You did a lot for me, for which I was grateful. 你为我做了许多,对此我很感激。 ☛The Diaoyu Island belongs to China, as is known to us. 众所周知,钓鱼岛属于中国。 ☛A middle-aged woman killed her husband, which frightened me very much. 一个中年女子杀害了自己的丈 夫,这令我十分恐惧。 2. 当先行词指的是世界上独一无二的事物或人名地名等专有名词时,使用非限制性定语从句。 ☛China, which is my motherland, is developing fast. 中国是我的祖国,正在快速发展。 ☛Eason, who was a pop star, got married last year. 伊森去年结婚了,他是明星。 ☛Last Sunday they reached Nanjing , where a conference was to be held. 他们上周日到达南京,有个会议要 在那里举行。 3. 当先行词指的是某人只有一个亲属(son,daughter等)时,使用非限制性定语从句。 ☛He has a daughter, who is studying in London. 他有个女儿,现在正在伦敦学习。(只有一个女儿) ☛This is my teacher, who has something to tell you. 这是我的老师,他有一些事情要告诉你。 二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 1. 形式不同 限制性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开,口语中使用时也不停顿;而非限制性定语从句与主句 之间通常有逗号隔开,口语中使用时有停顿。 2. 功能不同 限制性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别,如果去掉,就会造成句意不完整或概念 不清;而非限制性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用,如果省略,句意仍然清楚、完整。 ☛People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。(若把从句去掉句子就失 去意义) ☛His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿,下星期回来。 (若把从句去掉,句子意义仍然完整) 3. 翻译不同 在翻译定语从句时,一般把限制性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前,而把非限制性定语从句与 主句分开。 ☛He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。 ☛I’ve invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆,他就住在隔壁。 4. 含义不同 比较下面的两个句子:☛I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个) ☛I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐,她是当医生的。(只有一个姐姐) 5. 先行词不同 限制性定语从句的先行词只能是名词或代词,而非限制性定语从句的先行词则可以是名词或代词,也 可以是短语或句子;另外,当先行词为专有名词或其他具有独一无二性的普通名词时,通常要用非限制性 定语从句,而不用限制性定语从句。 ☛Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快,这是很危险的。(which指drive too fast) ☛He changed his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意,这使我很生气。(which指整个主 句) ☛Mr. Smith, who is our boss, will leave for Japan next week. 我们的老板史密斯先生下周要去日本。 (先行词为专有名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) ☛Her father, who has a lot of money, wishes her to study abroad. 她父亲很有钱,希望她出国学习。 (先行词为表独一无二意义的普通名词,要用非限制性定语从句修饰) 6. 关系词不同 关系词that和why可用于限制性定语从句中,通常不用于非限制性定语从句;另外,在限制性定语从 句中,关系词有时可以省略,而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不能省略。 【典例分析】 1. (2019· 新课标II卷·语法填空)Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. 【答案】where 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中作 opened一词的宾语,故用which。 2. (2017· 新课标卷III·语法填空)But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. 【参考答案】 who 【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models是非 限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句中缺少主语,且先行词为Sarah,指人,要用who。 3.(2016·全国新课标卷I·语法填空)But my connection with pandas goes back 6 4 ( to ) my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, 65 I was the first Western TV reporter 66 ( permitted ) (permit) to film aspecial unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【参考答案】when 【答案解析】考查定语从句。后面是非限制性定语从句,从句中缺少状语,又因先行词是时间,故填 when。 三、as,which引导的定语从句 一、相同点 两者引导非限制性定语从句时,可指代主句中的部分或整个句子的内容,在从句中作主语、宾语或表 语,位于主句之后有时可互换。 ☛The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we wanted. 会议被推迟了,这正是我们想要的。 ☛He was a doctor, as/which I knew from his manner. 他是一名医生,我是从他的举止中知道的。 二、不同点 1. as可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后。 ☛As is known to all, fish can’t live without water. 众所周知,鱼离开水无法生存。 ☛Air, as we know, is gas. 正如我们所知,空气是气体。 2. 在非限制性定语从句中,which后的be动词不可省;而as后的be动词可以省略。 ☛She told me she won the match, which was a lie. 她告诉我们她赢得了比赛,这是一个谎言。 ☛The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure. 这种材料是有弹性的,正如图中所示。 3. which在非限制性定语从句中作主语时可用各类动词作谓语;而as作主语时,谓语常用系动词,如 be,seem,become等,一般不用其他行为动词。 ☛He saw the girl, which delighted him. 他看见了那个女孩,这让他很高兴。 ☛He didn’t say anything at the meeting, as/which seemed very strange. 他在会议上一言未发,这看起来 非常奇怪。 4. as常用"正如"含义,常用的结构有as we know(众所周知);as often happens(正如常发生的 那样);as is often the case(情况常常如此);as we all can see(正如我们看到的);be announced / expected / known / imagined / mentioned / said / shown / reported等。这些结构常放句首,偶尔也可以 放句中或句末。 ☛As is known to all, China is a developing country. 众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。 ☛Kate was late for school, as often happened. 凯特上学迟到了,正如常发生的那样。5. 在非限制性定语从句中,which可指代主句中的某一个单词,as不可以。 ☛My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays well. 我哥哥喜欢打篮球,他打得非常好。 ☛Beijing, which he was born in, is our capital. 北京,他出生的地方,是我们的首都。 6. "介词+关系代词(介宾代物)"中关系代词只能用which。 The Travel Agency, with which our company has been dealing for several years, has opened for new branches. 那家与我们交易了好几年的旅行社又开了新的分店。 ☛Air is a mixture of gases, of which oxygen forms 21 percent. 空气是一种气体的综合体,其中氧气占 了21%。 7. 从句中的谓语动词是否定形式时,常用which。 ☛He can write a letter in English, which I can not. 他可以用英语写信,我不能。 ☛Metal will bear beating with a hammer, which a stone will not. 金属能承受得住用锤子敲打,但是石头 则不能。 8. 非限制性定语从句中的关系代词代表前面主句中的宾语从句时,常用which。 ☛He said he had passed the exam, which was untrue. 他说他通过了考试,这是假的。 【典例分析】 1. (2018·北京卷·单项填空)She and her family bicycle to work, _________ helps them keep fit. A. which B. who C. as D. that 【参考答案】A 【答案解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。" _________ helps them keep fit"是非限制性定语从句,该从句修饰整个主句,引导词在从句中作主语,故该 从句应用关系代词which引导。A选项正确。 2. (2017·新课标卷I·语法填空)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health. 【参考答案】 which 【答案解析】句意:很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐,那对健康没有好处。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句,先行词是前面的整句话。 3.The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. A. it B. which C. what D. as【参考答案】D 【试题解析】分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,指代的是整个主句的含义,故可排除 A、 C两项。as引导非限制性定语从句时,表示"如同,正如",符合题干意思,故选D项。 4.(2017学年上海外国语大学附属外国语学校期中)He has made as much progress ________ is enough for him to be admitted to Fudan University. A. as B. that C. what D. which 【参考答案】A 【答案解析】考查定语从句。根据句意"他已经取得了足够复旦大学录取的骄人的成绩。"可知空处及后 面的句子是修饰前面的名词progress的,所以是定语从句。因关系词在定语从句中作主语,可用关系代词 as,that和which,又因先行词有as 修饰,所以用as,即构成"as+ many /much+n.(可数或不可数名词)+ as..."的结构;而what不能引导定语从句,只能引导名词性从句。故选A。 考点四 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句 ●"介词+关系代词"的用法 当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。如果指"人 ",用"介词+whom";如果指"物",用"介词+which"。 ●"介词+关系代词"结构中介词的选用 1. 一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容 词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。 ☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country. 我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。 2. 表示"整体和部分关系",介词常用of。在some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each 等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。 ☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members. 约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。 3. 有时"介词+where"可以引导定语从句,此时要和"介词+which"引导的定语从句从意思上加以区 别。 ☞His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where 相当于 from out of the window,而不是from the window)●在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look after, look for等。 ●"of which / whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。 ●当先行词为way并且定语从句中缺少状语时,通常用in which或that引导定语从句(in which或that可省 略);如果定语从句中不缺少状语,则用关系代词引导(that 或which 可省略)。 【典例分析】 1. (2017·江苏卷·单项填空)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. A. which B. its C. whose D. whom 【参考答案】C 【答案解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation 是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the World Food Programme,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名 词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C项。句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其 目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。 2. (2016 • 江苏卷·单项填空)Many young people, most _________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. A. of which B. of them C. of whom D. of those 【参考答案】C 【答案解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是 Many young people,关系代词whom指代先行词, 在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想,其中大部分人都受过 良好教育。故C项正确。 考点五 定语从句与其他句型的区别 一、限制性定语从句与同位语从句的区别 关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词,而引导同位语从句时则没有与 他们含义相应的先行词。 ☞Sorry, I’ve forgot the day when we met for the first time. 抱歉,我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。(定语从句,先行词the day 与when含义相应) ☞I’ve no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。(同位语从句,idea与when没有任何联系) 二、定语从句与时间状语从句的区别 当定语从句的引导词与时间状语从句的连接词都是when时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词,只能放在先行词的后面;而时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况,并且可以放在主句的前面。 ☞Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗?(定语从句) ☞It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 当课结束时,已经是五点钟了。(时间状语从句) 三、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别 当定语从句的引导词与地点状语从句的连接词都是where时,定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词; 而状语从句则说明动作发生的地点,where没有对应的地点名词或代词。 ☞This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 这就是几年前我们常居住的地方。(定语从 句) ☞Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我们到我们能找到更好工作的地方去吧。(地点状语从句) 四、定语从句与强调句型的区别 定语从句对名词或代词的修饰和限制,关系词可能是that, which, as, who, but, 另一方面,句子中的 It有所指;而强调句型是对某部分加强语气,强调语气的连接词只能是 that, who,并且句子中的It 没有任 何意义;一般比较明显,而有时就难以区别,还需要根据上下文的语境来判断。 It is a book that he wants. 它究竟是强调句型还是定语从句,就要从语境上来考察。如果它是用来回答What is this / that? 这样 的问题,意思是:它是一本他想要的书。句子显然是定语从句。如果是用来回答 What does he want? 这 样的问题,那么意思是:他想要的是一本书。显然,句子是强调句型。 五、定语从句与结果状语从句的区别 定语从句中的关系词在从句中还要作某种成分,因而从句成分不完整;而结果状语从句中的连接词不 作任何句子成分,因此句子成分完整。 ☞It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我们大家都喜欢的如此有趣的书。(定语从句) ☞It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的书,我么大家都喜欢它。(结果状 语从句) 比较:It is such an interesting book that we all like. 强调句型。意思是:我们大家都喜欢的是一本 如此有趣的书。 六、定语从句与独立主格结构的区别 定语从句一般有关系词、主谓结构完整;而独立主格结构没有关系词、也没有谓语动词。 ☞The book being very interesting, we all like it. 由于这本书有趣,我们大家都喜欢它。☞The book which / that is very interesting was published last year. 这本有趣的书是去年出版的。 【典例分析】 1. —He wrote a lot of novels, none of ____________ were popular. —It’s the same with his wife. She wrote some plays, but none of ____________ was a success. A. these;them B. which;which C. those;which D. which;them 【参考答案】D 【答案解析】本题很容易误选A、B。选对该题的关键是:要注意前面一句的 none of...没有并列连词(说 明它才是非限制性定语从句,所以其后填which);而后面一句的none of...前有一并列连词but(说明它与 前面一句构成并列句,所以其后填them)。 2. After the war, a new school building was put up ____________ there had once been a theatre. A. that B. where C. which D. when 3. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town _____________ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when 【参考答案】2. B 3. B 【答案解析】定语从句中有表示地点的先行词,而地点状语从句中则没有;定语从句的关系词根据需要可 用 "介词+which"来代替where,而地点状语从句则通常只能由where引导。因此第2题中无表示地点的先行 词,是表示地点的状语从句,故填where,第3题中the small town是先行词,为定语从句,故填where, 也可用in which替换。 2 知识强化 一、单项选择 1. We have visited the place ________ parts of the rocket came down. A. where B. whose C. which D. when 2. The use of genetic engineering should be restricted to just those cases _____ the health of the mother or her baby is threatened. A. in which B. how C. of whom D. why 3. The number of smokers, ______ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.A. where B. which C. what D. as 4. On her birthday, she received a nice present from her parents _______ a note was attached, saying “We love you so much.” A. from which B. to which C. in which D. by which 5. They discussed for about half an hour of things and persons ________ they remembered in the conversation. A. which B. that C. who D. whom 6. We should do all ________ is useful to people. A. who B. that C. it D. which 7. We will never forget the days ________ I was taken good care of in that village. A. that B. which C. when D. where 8. The project savings from cooling is about $4,000 a year on a new roof ________ life span is about 50 percent longer than that of a traditional roof. A. what B. whose C. which D. such 9. The French government backs the change, ________it says would help to attract foreign students and help French graduates compete in a global economy as the country struggles to regain competitiveness. A. which B. who C. what D. whom 10. We already have enough food, so why create more ________could be potentially harmful to us, to the Earth and to all wildlife? A. who B. than C. ones D. that 11. Sometimes businesses must appear in court, in ________case they need a corporate attorney who is also a litigator (律师诉讼人). A. what B. whose C. which D. as 12. History documents the long-term vigour and success of multicultural groups ________people from numerous and various cultural backgrounds live and work together. A. which B. whose C. in which D. of which 13. Do you remember a certain occasion ________ you were in trouble and at that moment I gave you a hand? A. which B. that C. when D. where 14. —Where did you find the key? —It was in the office ______ my head teacher talked to me. A. where B. that C. when D. and 15. In Rio, the Chinese women’s volleyball team needed all of its fighting spirit after ______ to the “group ofdeath”, ______ it faced several strong opponents in the group stage matches. A. assigned; where B. being assigned; where C. it was assigned; which D. assigning; as 16. ______ is often the case ______ children, Amy won’t do her homework until the last minute. A. As; with B. It; that C. It; for D. As; of 17. We have to be very sensitive and work closely with the doctors and nurses, ______of the condition of each patient. A. who keep us informed B. who we keep informed C. they keep us informed D. they keep us informing 18. She is going through a difficult phase ________ she will not only complete her college course but also look after her sick father. A. where B. when C. which D. why 19. Just like a voyage at sea, our life journey, ________days are limited, is full of difficulties as well as opportunities and therefore needs to be cherished. A. whose B. that C. which D. what 20. ________ the hospital, the region has a university, ________ was also built with government support. A. In addition to; which B. In harmony with; that C. On the basis of; which D. As well as; that 21. Later in this chapter the case will be introduced to readers ______ consumers’ support became a stream of motivation for improvement of the company. A. who B. when C. which D. where 22. Daylight saving time begins at 2: 00 a. m. local time on the second Sunday in March, ________clocks spring forward an hour, typically ________observers to lose an hour of sleep. A. which, caused B. when, causing C. which, causing D. when, caused 23. Bungee Jumping is very popular among young adults, ________ courage matters more than strength. A. whose B. that C. where D. of which 24. Having a mix of male and female nurses also helps create a fun atmosphere, _________ helps patients recover faster. A. this B. that C. which D. where 25. The police questioned the man from__________shop a thief had fallen off the window A. whom B. which C. that D. whose26. Sam remembered several occasions in the past ______ he had experienced a similar feeling. A. what B. which C. where D. why 27. I will never forget those days________ I stayed with you in the countryside. A. that B. which C. when D. where 28. I will never forget such a beautiful village _____ I spent my childhood with my grandparents. A. when B. which C. where D. that 29. For the past two months micro blogs have been filled with concern and admiration for Zhang Lili, the most beautiful teacher in China, __________touched the whole nation. A. the actions of who B. the actions of her C. the actions of whom D. the actions of which 30. By 17:20, ______ was close to the closing time, all the fresh fruit had been sold. A. when B. which C. what D. that 31. I will give the book to the man ________ needs it most. A. who B. whom C. which D. whose 32. I live next door to a couple________ children often make a lot of noise. A. why B. whose C. that D. which 33. Usually, there is an interval between the two parts of the concert _____ the audience can buy something to eat or have a rest. A. that B. which C. when D. where 34. Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than Asia in the past ten years, ________ the number of people infected with the virus is going up sharply. A. when B. where C. whose D. that 35. I’ll ask the teacher about the subjunctive mood______I’m very puzzled about; and that’s also ______ most of our classmates have doubt. A. which; what B. why; that C. which; where D. that; how 36. The old building, behind _____ was a famous church, was _____ we used to work. A. that; the place B. it; the place C. what; where D. which; where 37. We live in an age ______ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. where B. when C. which D. that 38. I need three helpers, _____ must have some knowledge of computer programming.A. all of them B. all of which C. both of whom D. all of whom 39. I will never forget the days ________ we spent together. A. when B. which C. where D. why 40. Our teacher is a lady ________ always cares about us. A. which B. when C. why D. who 二、完成句子 41. 正如你所看到的,每个人都在努力工作以实现自己的梦想。 ________ ________ ________ ________, everyone is working hard to realize his or her dreams. 42. 他又迟到了,这使得他的老师非常生气。 He was late again, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 43. 这孩子发烧一整天了,这使得他的父母很担心。 The child had a fever for a whole day, ________ ________ his parents very much. 44. 我讨厌她一直嘲笑我的方式。 I hate the way ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 45. 可想而知,烧伤会造成严重后果。 ________ you can imagine, ________ ________ can lead to very serious injuries. 46. 斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。 Snow began by marking on a map the exact places ________ all those who died ________ ________. 47. 据说这两所都在建立中的学校明年开放. It is reported that two schools, both of________, will open next year. 48. 所有掉下来的苹果都被猪吃了。 All the apples________ were eaten by the pigs. 49. 你读过曹雪芹写的《红楼梦》吗? Have you ever read the book Dream of the Red Chamber, ________? 50. 朋友是一个你能与其分享一些东西的人。 A friend is someone________. 51. 工人们为房屋已经被毁的幸存度者建造了避难所。 Workers built shelters for survivors________. 52. 到目前为止,这是我看过的最鼓舞人心的电影。 This is by far the most inspiring movie________. 53. 今天早上我开会迟到的原因是我起床晚了。________ ________ ________ I was late for the meeting this morning ________ ________ I got up late. 54. __________________,family education determines one’s future. 按照这位教育专家常说的,家庭教育决定着一个人的未来。 55. 文化庆祝活动通常指的是庆祝某个特定民族或地方传统的活动。 A cultural celebration usually refers to _________. 56. I’ll never forget the days ________. 我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。 57. ________ was that he was ill in bed. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。 58. The reason ________ is that he often tells lies. 我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。 59. 最富有生气而又最重要的节日,就是告别冬天,迎来春天的节日。 The most _____ and _____ festivals are the ones _____ look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. 60. 他陷入了很有可能失去对飞机的控制的危险处境。(定语从句) He got into a dangerous situation, ________. 61. You can also share your unhappy things with somebody ________ and listen to their suggestions. 你也可以与你信任的人分享你不愉快的事情并且倾听他们的建议。 62. This is the first book ________. 这是他读的第一本书。 63. In senior high school you will study more courses ________. 在高中你将学习更多不同于初中的课程。 64. 那座屋顶在大火中被毁坏了的房子是我祖父母的。 The house ________ in the big fire belongs to my grandparents. 65. Once we were discussing how to help the student ________. 有一次我们正讨论如何帮助那个重病住院的学生。 66. I’ve got an English penfriend, ________ in London this summer. 我有一个英国笔友, 今年夏天我们终于在伦敦见面了。 67. They have reached the point ________ with each other. 他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 68. Can you tell me the office ________?你能告诉我他工作的办公室吗? 69. There was a time ________ and disliked to speak English. 有一段时间, 我厌倦学英语并且不喜欢说英语。 70. 如报告中所提到的那样,近年来从事新兴行业的人数一直在不断增加。(as) The number of people who engage in emerging industries has been increasing in recent years, ________________________. 71. She told the reporter that she had to survive on little food during the days ________. 她告诉记者她在被埋的日子里只能依靠很少的食物生存。 72. I have come to explain the reason ________ to you. 我是来向你解释我缺席你生日派对的原因。 73. 《简爱》是一本世界名著,深受中学生的喜爱。(which) Jane is a world-famous masterpiece, ________________________. 74. 警察正在调查爆炸的原因,爆炸严重损坏了这幢大楼。(that, damage) The police are investigating the cause of the explosion ________. 75. 他们提交了两份报告,但都没有任何有用的建议。(定语从句) They presented two reports, ________________________ any useful suggestions. 76. 上星期一我从图书馆借了《十三个原因》这本书,这是我的好朋友向我推荐的。(非限制性定语从 句) I borrowed the book 13 Reasons Why from the library last Monday, ________________________. 77. 我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。 I’ll never forget the days ________________. 78. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。 The reason ________________ was that he was ill in bed. 79. 我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。 We are living in an age ________________. 80. 联系着中国与世界的一带一路, 象征着全球化黄金时代。(symbol) Belt and Road ______________________________________ the golden age of globalization. 三、语法填空 1 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The erhu is a traditional Chinese musical instrument. It is the most popular of the huqin family. The modern erhu developed from xiqin, which was played by many ethnic minorities (少数民族) during theTang Dynasty. In the Song Dynasty, ____81____ (musician) began to use this type of huqin ____82____ (perform) different kinds of music, and it became quite a popular instrument. ____83____ the rise of some forms of folk art, the art of erhu developed quickly during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It became ____84____ important accompanying (陪伴) instrument in ____85____ (difference) folk music. Now it is used in both traditional and modern music, such as in pop, rock and jazz. It has even become a solo (独奏的) instrument. One of the most famous musical pieces played on the erhu ____86____ (be) The Moon Over a Fountain. As the erhu was ____87____ (main) played by common people and the playing skills were passed down by oral tradition, there are few written records about the erhu that can ____88____ (find). To study the history and the ____89____ (develop) of the erhu, historians usually turn to ancient paintings. The earliest pictures of this instrument were discovered in Yulin Caves and Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves in Gansu Province, ____90____ five erhu pictures were discovered. 2 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Lantern Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the first lunar month, is a continuation of a ____91____ (tradition) Chinese festival, the Spring Festival. The day leads to the first full moon night of the year, and is also the night ____92____ the earth returns to spring. During the Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24), more than 2,000 years ago, Emperor Wen ordered that the 15th day of the first lunar month be the Lantern Festival officially ____93____ memory of putting down the rebellion (谋 反) of an influential family. It was also a romantic festival in ancient China, ____94____ (provide) a chance for unmarried men and women to meet. In ancient times, young women, ____95____ (especial) daughters of rich families, hardly stepped out of ____96____ (they) houses. But during the Lantern Festival, it was a tradition that all people, including those young women, came out for lantern shows. Watching lanterns at night was just ____97____ opportunity for young women to find a man whose appearance appealed to them. Another activity, guessing the answers to lantern riddles (灯谜), ____98____ (give) young people some time ____99____ (interact) with each other and know more about each other. For thousands of years, there have been numerous love _____100_____ (story) originating during the Lantern Festival. 3 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Secrets of an Ancient Arena(竞技场)The Colosseum, one of the world’s most famous buildings, was built over a period of about eight years nearly 2, 000 years ago. Experts consider it one of the most ___101___ (remark) examples of Roman architecture. Arches and columns (拱门石柱) supported the weight of the arena, which was made of stone and concrete. Over the centuries, more than two-thirds of the Colosseum ___102___ (destroy). Since the 1990s, the ancient round theater, including the basement, has been ___103___ (slow) repaired. It’s the most popular tourist site in Rome, ___104___ more than 5 million visitors in most years. Gladiators (角斗士) were the star athletes of the Roman Empire, most of ___105___ were slaves or prisoners, but some were citizens who volunteered to fight in ___106___ hope of becoming a celebrity. Most gladiators fought only a few times a year, like today’s boxers. As gladiators fought on the Colosseum floor, a lot was happening below their ___107___ (foot). The underground tunnels were equal to the backstage of a theater. Sets, costumes, and weapons were kept there. In ___108___ (hide) rooms, gladiators prepared for battle. In other areas, doctors treated gladiators’ wounds. Lions, tigers, and elephants were also kept in the basement. Gladiators didn’t fight them, but skilled hunters ___109___ (do). The animals were raised up in elevators pulled by ropes. The creatures would burst into the arena from trapdoors, ____110____ (surprise) the crowd. 4 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 9th day of the 9th lunar month is the traditional Chongyang Festival, or Double Ninth Festival. It __111__ (normal) falls in October in the Gregorian calendar. On this day, people like eating Double Ninth Gao (or Cake). In Chinese, gao (cake) has the same __112__(pronounce) with gao (height). People do so just to hope progress in everything they are an-gaged in. As a matter of fact, there is no _113_ (fix) ways for the Double Ninth cake, but super cakes have as many as nine layers, looking like a tower. The Double Ninth Festival is also a time __114__ the chrysanthemum (菊花) blooms. China boasts diversified species of chrysanthemum and people have loved them since ancient times. So enjoying the flourishing chrysanthemum also becomes __115__ essential activity in this festival. Also, people usually drink chrysanthemum wine. Women used __116__ (stick) such a flower into their hair or hang its branches on windows or doors to avoid evilness. In 1989, the Chinese government decided the Double Ninth Festival _117_ Seniors’ Day. Since then, all government units, organizations and streets communities _118_(organize) a yearly autumn trip for those who have retired from their _119_ (post). At the waterside or on the mountains, the seniors find __120__ (they) in harmonywith nature. Younger generations always bring elder ones to suburban areas or send gifts to them on this day. 5 阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Officials are seeking to protect a small environment on Java island __121__ is home to an endangered population of gibbons(长臂猿). Also known as the silvery gibbon, the primate(灵长目动物) is only found on Java, Indonesia’s most populous island. The animals help forest areas healthy __122__ spreading seeds around the area. But conversation groups say the gibbons’ habitat is __123__(increasing) under threat because of climate change and human activities.The local group SwaraOwa says it __124__ (observe) a population of about 400 gibbons living in a 73-kilometer __125__(protect) area in the Petungkriyono Forest in central Java. Researcher Arif Setiawan said as many as 70 groups are often seen in the forest, compared to about 50 in 2012. But he warned that __126__ (they) habitat is still under threat. SwaraOwa and the government hold meetings with members of the local community each month in an effort __127__(raise) awareness of the issue.They have also posted signs in the area stating that hunting and logging are not permitted in the forest.In one project, officials work with local village chiefs to produce shade-grown coffee as __128__ business. This kind of growing can __129__(do) without harming forest land.SwaraOwa also operates nature tours, including overnight visits, for __130__(visit) coming to the area. 6 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Having a hobby brings joy and enriches our lives. But hobbies can bring more than that. Through his hobbies, Yu Chengyu,18,____131____student from Chengdu Foreign Languages School, Sichuan, won the $320,000 Freeman Asian Scholarship. This prestigious award allows____132____ (gift) Asian students to pursue undergraduate programs and is only given to one Asian person each year. Yu owes his scholarship win____133____ his astronomy hobby. For years, he____134____(explore) unsolved space mysteries by reading books and searching the internet. When he was a boy, he ____135____(fascinate) with aliens and UFOs. Gradually, he began to share his love of stars. He put his astronomical telescope and a projector outside his building to spread____136____(aware) of astronomy. Later, he started to hold activities in different places, each of ____137____attracted up to 200 students. “I really hope more people will feel the charm of the ____138____(star) sky,” he said. Besides astronomy, Yu is also a warm filmmaker. In 2019, a school cafeteria in Chengdu reported safety hazards(隐患),____139____(cause) concern among students. To explore the problem, Yu and four classmatesmanaged to shoot a documentary_______140_______(call) A Bite of CFLS.“It's our duty to show all students how our cafeteria works in a sincere way, and draw their attention to workers who serve us,” said Yu. 参考答案 一、 1. A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们参观了火箭部件坠落的地方。分析可知,空处引导定语从句,指物的 先行词place在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where。故选A。 2. A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:母亲或婴儿健康受到威胁的情况下,基因工程的使用应该被限制。分析句 子结构可知,此处是考查定语从句,先行词是cases,在这些情况下是in those cases。故介词为in,关系代 词为which。故选A项。 3. D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:正如报道的那样,烟民的数量已经在一年内减少了 17%。空处引导非限制 性定语从句,先行词为整个主句内容,从句缺少主语,且要表达“正如”之意,应用as引导。故选D。 4. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在她生日那天,她收到了父母送给她的一份精美的礼物,上面有一张纸条, 写着“我们非常爱你。”句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为 present(礼物),根据从句中的was attached 可知,先行词作be attached to的宾语,将to提到从句句首,其后用关系代词which指代先行词。故选B项。 5. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:他们就谈话中所记得的人和事讨论了大约半个小时。分析句子结构可知, 空处需用关系词引导定语从句;先行词为things and persons ,关系词在定语从句中作动词remembered的 宾语;在限制行定语从句中,当先行词既有人又有物,关系代词只用that。故选B。 6. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们应该做一切对人们有帮助的事。A. who谁;B. that那个,引导从句; C. it它;D. which哪个。根据句子结构可知,此句是定语从句,先行词是all,排除D。引导词用that,在 从句中作主语。故选B。 7. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们将永远不会忘记我在那个村子里受到照顾的日子。A. that那个,引导 从句;B. which哪个;C. when在那时;D. where在哪里。根据句子结构,此句是定语从句。先行词是the days,缺少关系词,在从句中作时间状语,故用when引导。故选C。8. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这个项目在新屋顶冷却方面每年可节省约4000美元,新屋顶使用寿命比传 统屋顶长50%左右。分析句子可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是a new roof,关系词和life span之间是所 属关系,应用whose引导,在从句中作定语。故选B项。 9. A 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:法国政府支持这一改革,称这将有助于吸引外国学生,并帮助法 国毕业生在全球经济中竞争,目前法国正努力恢复竞争力。先行词 the change,为物,后接非限制性定语 从句,it says作插入语,先行词作非限制性定语从句的主语,故用which。故选A项。 10. D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们已经有了足够的食物,那么为什么还要制造更多可能对我们、地球和 所有野生动物有害的食物呢?空处引导定语从句,先行词 more表示“更多食物”,指物,在定语从句中 作主语,需要关系代词that引导。故选D。 11. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:有时企业必须出庭,在这种情况下,他们需要公司律师同时也是诉讼律师。 分析句子结构可知,空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句,指代整个主句,从句中作介 词宾语,故选C。 12. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:历史记录了多元文化群体的长期活力和成功,来自众多不同文化背景的人 在其中生活和工作。句中先行词为 groups,在定语从句中作地点状语,所以用关系副词 where或介词in which引导。故选C。 13. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:你还记得有一次你有困难的时候,我曾帮助过你吗?此处为定语从句修饰 先行词occasion,先行词在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导。故选C。 14. A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:——你在哪里找到的钥匙?——是在我的班主任和我谈话的办公室里。根 据上文Where did you find the key?可知,此处在问在哪里找到的钥匙。下文应该是回答“在哪里”,设空 处引导the office的定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故选A。 15. B 【解析】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意:在里约热内卢,中国女排被分到“死亡之组”,在小组赛中 遇到了好几个强大的对手,这需要充分发挥她们的斗志。after为介词,后面需填动名词作宾语,theChinese women’s volleyball 和assign为被动关系,第一空需填动名词的被动式;第二空引导非限制性定语 从句,先行词the “group of death”,指抽象地点,在定语从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引导。故 选B。 16. D 【解析】考查定语从句和固定短语。句意:就像其他孩子一样,艾米直到最后一分钟才做作业。第一空引 导非限制性定语从句,先行词是后面的句子,在定语从句中作主语,需用关系代词as引导,排除B项和C 项;第二空the case of为固定用法,意为“……的情况”。故选D。 17. A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们必须非常敏感,与医生和护士密切合作,他们让我们了解每个病人的 情况。此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词是doctors and nurses,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导, 固定搭配keep sb. informed of sth.“让某人了解某事”。故选A。 18. A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:她正在经历一个艰难的阶段,不仅要完成大学课程,还要照顾生病的父亲。 分析句子可知,空格处为限制性定语从句,修饰先行词phase (阶段),关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作模 糊化的地点状语,表示“在这一阶段”,用关系副词where引导该从句。故选A项。 19. A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:人生的旅途就像海上的航行,时间有限,有困难也有机遇,值得珍惜。分 析句子可知,空格处为非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词life journey,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作 days的定语,意思是“人生旅途的时间”,应使用表达所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填 whose。 20. A 【解析】考查介词短语辨析和定语从句。句意:除了这家医院,这个地区还有一所大学,它也是在政府的 支持下建立的。A. In addition to除了;B. In harmony with与……协调;C.On the basis of在……的基础上; D. As well as除了、和。根据句意,第一个空表示“除了”,所以第一空排除 B项和C项;第二空应该填 非限制性定语从的引导词,因为that不能引导非限制性定语从句,排除D项。由于从句中缺少主语,先行 词university属于事物,所以要用which引导。故选A项。 21. D 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:之后,在这章中,这种案例将会被介绍给读者,在这种案例中,消 费者的支持变成了对于公司提升的一股激励的清泉。A. who谁,指代人;B. when什么时候,指代时间; C. which哪一个,指代物;D. where什么地方,指代地点。分析从句结构,主语consumers’ support消费者的支持,系动词became变成,表语a stream of motivation一股激励的清泉,结构完整,考虑关系副词。限 制性定语从句修饰主句先行词case,在从句中作状语成分in the case,表示抽象地点,故选D。 22. B 【解析】考查定语从句和非谓语动词。句意:夏令时从当地时间3月第二个星期天凌晨2点开始,这时时 钟会向前拨一小时,通常会导致遵守者少睡一小时。分析句子结构可知,“clocks spring forward an hour”是 定语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,先行词“2: 00 a. m. local time on the second Sunday in March”是时间, 因此第一空用关系副词when引导定语从句;句中谓语是begins,第二空用非谓语动词,根据句意可知, cause和前面所描述的“clocks spring forward an hour”之间是主谓关系,因此第二空用现在分词causing表主 动,故选B。 23. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:蹦极在年轻人中很受欢迎,在那里勇气比力量更重要。分析句子结构可知, 空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词Bungee Jumping,在定语从句中作地点状语,需用关系副词where引 导。故选C。 24. C 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:男女护士的混合也有助于创造一种有趣的氛围,帮助患者更快地 康复。分析可知空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为 a fun atmosphere,指物,从句缺少主语,应用关系 代词which引导。故选C。 25. D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:警方询问这名男子,小偷正是从他店铺里的窗户上摔落。分析句子可知, 去除from shop后该句由两个成分完整的句子组成,考虑定语从句,先行词为the man,此处符合“介 词+关系代词”的结构,而结合语境可知shop与the man之间应该是从属关系即“该男子的店铺”,应使用 关系代词whose。故选D。 26. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:萨姆记得过去有好几次他也有过类似的感觉。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 occasions ,先行词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。故选C。 27. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记和你一起在农村的那些日子。分析可知,空处引导定语从 句,关系词代替先行词those days在从句中作时间状语,应用关系副词when。故选C。 28. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记这样一个美丽的村庄,我在那里和我的祖父母度过了我的童年。_____ I spent my childhood with my grandparents 是定语从句,修饰a beautiful village。在从句中,I 是主语,spent是谓语,my childhood是宾语。关系词在从句中作地点状语,因此应该用关系副词where引 导该从句。故选C。 29. C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:在过去的两个月里,微博上充满了对中国最美丽的老师张丽丽的关注和钦 佩,她的行为感动了整个国家。分析句子结构,此句为定语从句。先行词为 Zhang Lili,指人,表达“张 丽丽的行为”,前有the actions of ,作介词of宾语,用关系代词whom引导。the actions of whom=whose actions。故选C项。 30. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:到了接近打烊的17点20分,所有的新鲜水果都卖光了。此处为非限制性 定语从句修饰先行词17:20,先行词在从句中作主语,指物,故用关系代词which引导,that不能引导非限 制性定语从句。故选B。 31. A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我将把这本书给最需要它的人。分析句子结合句意可知,空处引导一个定 语从句,先行词为the man,指人,且从句缺少主语,应用关系代词 who代替先行词,引导该从句,作从 句的主语,故选A。 32. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我住在一对夫妇的隔壁,他们的孩子经常很吵闹。此处为定语从句修饰先 行词couple,先行词在从句中作定语,用关系代词whose。故选B。 33. C 【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意:通常,音乐会的两个部分之间有一段时间间隔,观众可以买点东西 吃或休息。此处是定语从句,先行词是an interval,在从句中做时间状语,用关系副词when。故选C项。 34. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:过去十年来,欧洲在控制艾滋病病毒方面比亚洲取得了更多的成就,而亚 洲感染艾滋病病毒的人数正在急剧上升。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 Asia ,先行词在从句中作 地点状语,故用关系副词where引导。故选B。 35. C 【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。句意:我会问老师关于虚拟语气的问题,我对此很困惑;这也是我们 大多数同学怀疑的地方。“I’m very puzzled about”是定语从句,从句中缺少宾语,先行词“the subjunctive mood”是物,因此第一空用关系代词which/that引导定语从句,“most of our classmates have doubt”是表语从句,从句中不缺主语或宾语,根据语境可知,句子表示“这也是我们大多数同学怀疑的地方”,因此空 格处是“......的地方”,因此第二空用where引导表语从句,故选C。 36. D 【解析】考查定语从句和名词性从句。句意:这个古老的建筑是我以前上班的地方,在它的后面是一个非 常有名的教堂。分析句子结构可知,第一空为“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句,且先行词为 “The old building”,所以应用which;第二个空放在系动词后引导表语从句,且从句中缺少地点状语,所 以应填where。故选D。 37. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们生活在一个信息比以往任何时候都容易得到的时代。空格处是定语从 句,先行词是age,表示抽象的时间,在从句中缺少时间状语,因此要用when。故选B。 38. D 【解析】考查介词+关系代词。句意:我需要三个助手,他们都必须有一定的计算机编程知识。分析结构 可知,本句为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,根据“ three helpers”可知,表示第三者都用 all of,helpers为先行词,表示人,作of的宾语,关系代词为whom。故选D项。 39. B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我永远不会忘记我们一起度过的日子。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关系 词引导定语从句,先行词是days,指时间,关系词在定语从句中作动词spent的宾语,所以空处需用关系 代词which/that引导定语从句。故选B。 40. D 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:我们的老师是一位总是关心我们的女士。分析句子结构可知,空处需用关 系词引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是lady,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,所以空处需用关系代词 who引导定语从句。故选D。 二、 41. As you can see 【解析】考查定语从句。结合句意表示“正如你所看到的”可知句型为as you can see,句首单词首字母要 大写。as引导非限制性定语从句作主语。故填As you can see。 42. which made his teacher very angry 【解析】考查定语从句和短语、时态。分析中文和英文句子可知,空处缺少“这使得他的老师非常生气” 的英文表达,“使得他的老师非常生气”译为:make his teacher very angry,逗号后面为非限制性定语从句, 先行词为逗号前面的句子,作从句的主语,用which指代前面句子内容并引导定语从句,且根据was可知,句子为一般过去时,make改为made。故填:①which;②made;③his;④teacher;⑤very;⑥angry。 43. which worried 【解析】考查定语从句。非限定性定语从句中,指代前面的一件事,用关系代词 which引导。根据主句时 态可知,用一般过去时。根据句意,故填which worried。 44. she always laughs at me 【解析】考查定语从句。根据空前的the way可知,此处为定语从句;根据汉语意思可知,空处应填写的 意思为“她一直嘲笑我”,先行词为way,在从句中作状语,关系词可以用that,in which或不填,由于空 数限制,此处选择不填,句子为一般现在时,故答案为①she②always③laughs④at⑤me. 45. As getting burnt 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句和动名词短语作主语。句意:可想而知,烧伤会造成严重后果。结合所给 出的“you can imagine”,表示“可想而知”可以使用定语从句:as you can imagine;根据句意“烧伤会造 成严重后果”和“can lead to”可知,表示“烧伤”应该使用动名词短语“getting burnt”作主语。故填①As ②getting ③burnt。 46. where had lived 【解析】考查定语从句、动词和时态。对比中英文句子可知,第一空引导定语从句,修饰名词 places,关 系词在从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where;表示“居住”应用live,该词为where引导的定语从句的 谓语动词,动作发生在“去世”之前,应用过去完成时。故填where;had;live。 【点睛】 47. which are being building 【解析】考查定语从句、时态和语态。句中先行词为 two schools,在非限定性定语从句中作 both of的宾 语,所以用关系代词which引导。根据句意可知,用现在进行时。主语two schools与build之间为被动关 系,所以用被动语态。根据句意,故填which are being building。 48. that fell down 【解析】考查定语从句。对比中英文句子可知,空格处意为“掉下来的”,用定语从句来限定 apples, apples作先行词,被all修饰,定语从句引导词用that,“掉下来”是固定短语fall down,由空格后的were 可知,句子时态是一般过去时,因此空格处是that fell down,故填that fell down。 49. which was written by Caoxueqi 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。分析句子可知,此处是非限定性定语从句,Dream of the Red Chamber为先 行词,作定语从句的主语,应用关系代词which引导,从句主语与谓语write为被动关系,且句子描述过去 发生的事情,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填which was written by Caoxueqi。50. whom you can rely on 【解析】考查定语从句。rely on (依靠、信赖),句中先行词为someone,指人,在定语从句中作介词on的 宾语,所以用关系代词whom。根据句意,故填whom you can rely on。 51. whose homes had been destroyed 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知,本句是含有定语从句的主从句结构。主句部分主语是 Workers,built 动词过去式做谓语,shleters做宾语,for survivors是介宾短语做主句的状语。根据句意,设 空处是定语从句,修饰先行词 survivors。根据句意“房屋已经被毁的幸存者”分析定语从句引导词做 homes的定语,表示...的,引导词whose引导定语从句做定语,故用whose引导。定语从句谓语动词“被 毁”发生在动词“建造”之前,属于过去的过去,再结合句意,用过去完成时态的被动语态。故翻译为 whose homes had been destroyed. 52. that I have ever seen 【解析】考查定语从句。表示“我看过的”可用定语从句,修饰 movie(电影),且先行词前面有the most inspiring(最鼓舞人心的)来修饰,这是形容词最高级,所以关系词只能用that,在定语从句中做宾语,根据 句意和时间标志词by far(到目前为止)可知,此处应用现在完成时,所以表示“我看过的”应用 I have ever seen,故答案为that I have ever seen。 53. The reason why was that 【解析】考查定语从句和表语从句。分析句子可知,主干结构为主系表,其中主语和表语都是从句,主语 “今天早上我上课迟到的原因”需要用定语从句来表达,先行词为the reason,表原因关系词要用why;主 语和表语之间需要系动词和连接词,表语从句句意完整,应用只起连接作用、无实意的 that引导;谓语是 第三人称单数,句子描述的动作已经发生要用一般过去时,系动词应使用was。故填①The;② reason; ③ why;④was;⑤ that。 54. As the educational expert often puts it 【解析】考查固定句型和时态。表示“教育专家”应用短语educational expert;根据固定句型“as sb. put it”意为“正如某人所说的那样”,此句中as是个连词,引导非限制性定语从句,as在从句中充当真正的宾 语,这个句型里it无实意,做形式宾语;根据主句时态可知,用一般现在时。故填As the educational expert often puts it。 55. an event where traditions of a particular/certain people or place are celebrated 【解析】考查定语从句。“庆祝某个特定民族或地方传统的活动”的中心词为“活动”,根据前文可知, 用其单数名词,表示为an event;“庆祝某个特定民族或地方传统的”为定语,修饰名词中心词,可用 where引导的限制性定语从句表达,where在从句中用作地点状语,从句中动作不强调执行者,可用被动语态,从句中主语“某个特定民族或地方传统”为traditions of a particular/certain people or place,介词短语of a particular/certain people or place 作后置定语,“特定的”可用形容词 particular 或 certain;从句主语 traditions为零冠词复数名词表泛指,谓语“被庆祝”用一般现在时,表示客观事实,主谓一致,表达为are celebrated。故填an event where traditions of a particular/certain people or place are celebrated。 56. when I worked together with you 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。句意:我永远也不会忘记和你一起工作的日子。这里含有一个定语从句, 修饰先行词the days,关系词在从句中作时间状语,用关系副词when引导该从句,描述发生在过去的事情, 用一般过去时,“与某人一起工作”为work together with sb.。所以填when I worked together with you。 57. The reason why he could not go there 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。句意:他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。这里含有一个定语从句,修 饰先行词The reason,关系词在从句中作原因状语,用关系副词why引导该从句,根据“was that he was ill in bed.”可知用一般过去时,所以填The reason why he could not go there。 58. why I don’t trust him 【解析】考查定语从句、时态和动词。根据句意和句子结构可知,句子为限制性定语从句,先行词为 “reason”,在从句中作原因状语,应用关系副词“why”引导从句,从句陈述的是客观事实,应用一般现在 时,“I”作从句主语,“don’t trust”作谓语,表示“不信任”,“him”作宾语,“I don’t trust him”表示“我 不信任他”。故填why I don’t trust him。 59. energetic important that 【解析】考查形容词作定语和that引导的定语从句。句中使用形容词作定语;句中the ones作先行词,在 后面的定语从句作主语,用 that 引导定语从句。再结合所给汉语可知答案为(1). energetic (2). important (3). that 60. where he was likely to lose control of the plane 【解析】考查定语从句和动词时态。表示“他”应用he;表示“有可能做某事”应用be likely to do sth.; 表示“失去控制”应用lose control of;表示“飞机”应用the plane;由situation并结合句意可知,此处应 用where引导定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,主句谓语动词为“got into”,从句谓语使用一般过去时,主 语为he,be动词用was。故填where he was likely to lose control of the plane。 61. who/whom/that you trust 【解析】考查定语从句。句中先行词为somebody,在定语从句中作宾语,所以用关系代词who、whom或 that引导。根据句中时态可知,用一般现在时。根据句意,故填who/whom/that you trust。 62. that he has read【解析】考查定语从句和现在完成时。对比中英文句子可知,空格处为“他读的”,用定语从句,先行词 book被序数词the first修饰,引导词只能用that,句子意为“这是他已经读过的第一本书”,因此时态用现 在完成时,因此空格处翻译为“that he has read”。故填that he has read。 63. which/that are different from your junior middle school courses 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。对比中英文句子可知,空格处为“不同于初中的课程”,可用定语从句来 修饰先行词courses,“不同于”为be different from,“初中”是junior middle school,从句中用关系代词 that/which来指代先行词courses,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,先行词为复数,因此关系代词 后 用 are , 因 此 空 格 处 为 “ which/that are different from your junior middle school courses” 。 故 填which/that are different from your junior middle school courses。 64. whose roof was damaged 【解析】考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词house,先行词在从句中作主语roof的定语,应用关 系代词whose引导;表示“毁坏”应用动词damage,且与主语构成被动关系,根据语境应用一般过去时的 被动语态,谓语用单数。故填whose roof was damaged。 65. who was seriously ill in hospital 【解析】考查定语从句和一般过去时。对比中英文句子可知,空格处为“那个重病住院的”,用定语从句 来修饰先行词student,为人,因此关系代词用who,由前面的were可知,时态为一般过去时,“重病住 院”为 be seriously ill in hospital,先行词 student 是单数,因此空格处翻译为 who was seriously ill in hospital。故填who was seriously ill in hospital。 66. who I finally got to meet 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。分析可知,空处涉及修饰名词penfriend的定语从句;主语为I,谓语动词 为get to know“知道”,结合语境判断为一般过去时,“见面”为meet,从句缺少meet的宾语,且先行词 指人,应用关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句。故填who I finally got to meet。 67. where they have to separate 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子并根据空前的point(抽象地点名词)可知,空处应使用where引导定语 从句,并在从句中充当状语。表达“他们”应使用代词they,作从句主语,表达“必须”应使用have to do sth.;表达“分手”应使用动词原形separate,用在have to之后。故填where they have to separate。 68. where he works 【解析】考查定语从句和时态。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 office,先行词在从句中作地点状语,用关系 副词where引导;从句中主语为he,表示“工作”应用动词work,此处为一般现在时,谓语用第三人称单 数形式。故填where he works。69. when I was tired of learning English 【解析】考查定语从句。对比中英文句子可知,空格处为“我厌倦学英语”,可用定语从句来修饰先行词 time,在从句中作时间状语,因此定语从句引导词用 when,“厌倦学英语”为be tired of learning English, 由后面的disliked可知,从句时态用一般过去时,因此空格处为when I was tired of learning English,故填 when I was tired of learning English。 70. as mentioned in the report 【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本句中,要使用as引导非限制性定语从句,指代上文整个主 句的内容。提到动词“mention”,因是过去发生要使用一般过去时,故填as mentioned in the report。 71. when she was buried 【解析】考查定语从句。根据汉语意思并分析句子可知,需填“她在被埋的日子里”,属于主系表结构, 根据主句的had to可知,使用一般过去式,“被埋”用 was buried。设空处是定语从句,先行词为 the days,指时间,从句缺少状语,用when引导。故填when she was buried。 72. why I was absent from your birthday party 【解析】考查定语从句。对比中英文句子可知,空格处为“我缺席你生日派对”,可用定语从句,先行词 为reason,从句引导词用why,“缺席”为be absent from,“你生日派对”为your birthday party,缺席生 日派对为过去的事,因此时态用一般过去时,I后be动词用was,因此空格处为why I was absent from your birthday party,故填why I was absent from your birthday party。 73. which is very popular with/among middle school students 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。对比中英文句子可知,空格处为“深受某人的喜爱”,为固定短语be popular with/among sb.,“中学生”为middle school student,不止一个,因此用复数,分析句子结构可知, 此处应用which引导定语从句,指代主句中的Jane Eyre,并在定语从句中作主语,且句子描述客观事实, 因此用一般现在时,因此空格处为which is very popular with/among middle school students。故答案为which is very popular with/among middle school students。 74. that badly damaged the building 【解析】考查定语从句和动词时态。表示“严重地”应用badly;表示“破坏”应用damage;表示“这幢 大楼”应用the building。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处是 that引导的定语从句,指代上文中地 explosion,因爆炸已经发生,故用一般过去时。故填that badly damaged the building。 75. neither of which contained 【解析】考查定语从句。根据句意可知,两份报告都没有任何有用的建议,故用短语 neither of,表示“两 者都不”;动词 contain,表示“包含”;分析句子成分可知,此处是非限制性定语从句。先行词是reports,表示物,关系词前有介词,先行词是物,故用which引导,根据语境可知时态是一般过去时,从 句动词contain变成过去式contained。故填neither of which contained。 76. which my good friend recommended to me/which was recommended to me by my good friend 【解析】考查定语从句。此处应用which引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词the book 73 Reasons Why, 并在从句中作宾语。根据前半部分,可知后半部分应用一般过去时,recommend sth. to sb.意为“向某人推 荐某物”或者用被动结构也可以。再结合句意,故填which my good friend recommended to me/which was recommended to me by my good friend.。 77. when I worked together with you 【解析】考查定语从句和一般过去时。对照中英文句子,可知缺失部分为“和你一起工作的”,修饰名词 “日子”(the days),故可用定语从句修饰the days。先行词the days在从句中充当时间状语,即应使用 关系副词when引导整个从句。“和……一起工作”是work together with,这些时光已成为过去,因而使用 一般过去时。综上,可填when I worked together with you。 78. why he could not go there 【解析】考查定语从句。对比中英文句子可知,空格处为“他不能到那里去”,空格处为定语从句, reason“原因”,其后的定语从句用why引导,在从句中作原因状语,从句中陈述句语序,由was可知,句 子时态用一般过去时,“他不能到那里去”翻译为he could not go there,故填why he could not go there。 79. when many things are done on the computer 【解析】考查定语从句和被动语态。对照中英文句子,可知缺失的部分是“许多事情可以在电脑上做的”, 这一长串内容修饰名词时代(age),故可用定语从句修饰先行词an age,先行词在从句中做时间状语,即 用关系副词when指代先行词。很多事情是“被做”,且句子语境是现在,因而使用一般现在时的被动语 态。综上,可填入:when many things are done on the computer。 80. that links China to the world is a symbol of 【解析】考查固定短语或定语从句。固定短语a symbol of“……的象征”;本句可用定语从句修饰先行词 Belt and Road,且先行词做主语,指物,关系代词用that。结合句意应用一般现在时。故填that links China to the world is a symbol of。 三、 1 81. musicians 82. to perform 83. With84. an 85. different 86. is 87. mainly 88. be found 89. development 90. where 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在胡琴家族中最受欢迎的中国传统乐器二胡的发展史。 81. 考查名词复数。句意:音乐家们开始使用这种类型的胡琴来演奏不同类型的音乐,它成为一种相当流 行的乐器。此处用可数名词musician(音乐家)作主语,这里泛指音乐家们,不只一个人,所以要用复数形 式。故填musicians。 82. 考查非谓语动词。句意:音乐家们开始使用这种类型的胡琴来演奏不同类型的音乐,它成为一种相当 流行的乐器。此处用动词不定式to perform,作目的状语。故填to perform。 83. 考查介词。句意:随着一些民间艺术形式的兴起,二胡艺术在明清时期发展迅速。此处用介词 With后 接名词短语the rise of some forms of folk art作宾语,意思是“随着一些民间艺术形式的兴起”,在整个句 中作状语。故填With。 84. 考查冠词。句意:它在不同民间音乐中成为了一种重要的伴奏乐器。此处用不定冠词 an放在名词前表 示“一种”,因为单词important是以元音音素开头的,所以用不定冠词an。故填an。 85. 考查形容词。句意:它在不同民间音乐中成为了一种重要的伴奏乐器。此处用形容词different(不同的) 作定语,修饰名词folk music。故填different。 86. 考查主谓一致。句意:用二胡演奏的最著名的音乐作品之一就是《二泉映月》。根据句子结构可知, 此处要填谓语动词,说的是一般事实,所以要用一般现在时态;主语“One of the most famous musical pieces (最著名的音乐作品之一)”是单数形式,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式is。故填is。 87. 考查副词。句意:由于二胡主要是由普通人演奏的,而演奏技巧是通过口头传统传下来的,所以有很 少关于二胡的书面记录能被找到。此处用副词 mainly(主要地),作状语,修饰谓语动词was played。故填 mainly。 88. 考查动词语态。句意:由于二胡主要是由普通人演奏的,而演奏技巧是通过口头传统传下来的,所以 有很少关于二胡的书面记录能被找到。根据句子结构可知,此处要填谓语动词,这是一个定语从句,关系 代词 that是从句的主语,指的是先行词recorders(记录),与谓语动词find(找到)之间是被动关系;含有情态 动词的被动语态的构成是:情态动词+be done。故填be found。89. 考查名词。句意:为了研究二胡的历史和发展,历史学家通常会求助于古代绘画。此处用名词 development(发展),构成名词短语the development of the erhu与名词the history并列作动词study的宾语。 故填development。 90. 考查定语从句。句意:这种乐器最早的照片是在甘肃省的玉林洞和东千佛洞发现的,在那里发现了五 张二胡照片。此处是定语从句,先行词是Yulin Caves and Eastern Thousand Buddha Caves (玉林洞和东千佛 洞),是地点名词,从句中作地点状语,应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2 91. traditional 92. when 93. in 94. providing 95. especially 96. their 97. an 98. gives 99. to interact 100. stories 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。在农历正月十五庆祝元宵节,是中国传统节日春节的延续。文章主要介绍了 中国的传统节日——元宵节。 91. 考查形容词。句意:在农历正月十五庆祝元宵节,是中国传统节日春节的延续。分析句子可知,空处 修饰名词festival作定语,应用形容词traditional,表示“传统的”。故填traditional。 92. 考查定语从句。句意:这一天是一年中第一个月圆之夜,也是地球回归春天的夜晚。分析句子可知, 空处引导一个限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 the night,并在从句中充当时间状语,所以应填关系副词 when。故填when。 93. 考查介词。句意:2000多年前的汉朝(公元前206年-公元24年),为了纪念平定了一个有权势的家族的 叛乱,汉文帝下令将农历正月十五定为元宵节。根据句意可知,空处应填介词 in,此处为固定搭配in memory of,表示“为了纪念”,符合语境。故填in。 94. 考查现在分词。句意:在中国古代,这也是一个浪漫的节日,为未婚男女提供了见面的机会。分析句 子可知,句子已有谓语动词was,所以空处应填非谓语动词形式,又因空处与其逻辑主语 festival为主动关 系,所以用应填现在分词providing作后置定语,表示“提供”。故填providing。95. 考查副词。句意:在古代,年轻女性,尤其是富家女,几乎不出家门。分析句子可知,空处在句中作 状语,应用副词especially,表示“尤其,特别”。故填especially。 96. 考查形容词性物主代词。句意:在古代,年轻女性,尤其是富家女,几乎不出家门。分析句子可知, 空处修饰名词houses应用形容词性物主代词their修饰,表示“她们的”。故填their。 97. 考查不定冠词。句意:对年轻女性来说,晚上看灯笼只是一个机会,可以找到一个自己喜欢的男人。 分析句子结合句意可知,空处修饰名词opportunity(为元音开头的单词)应用不定冠词an,表泛指。故填 an。 98. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:另一项活动是猜灯谜的答案,这让年轻人有时间相互交流,加深彼此的 了解。分析句子可知,本句描述的是一般事实,所以应用一般现在时,且空处谓语动词要与其主语 Another activity保持主谓一致,用单数,所以填gives。故填gives。 99. 考查不定式。句意:另一项活动是猜灯谜的答案,这让年轻人有时间相互交流,加深彼此的了解。分 析句子可知,此处give sb. some time to do sth.为固定句型,表示“给某人一段时间用来做某件事”,所以 空处应填不定式to interact,表示“互动,相互交流”。故填to interact。 100. 考查可数名词复数。句意:几千年来,有许多起源于元宵节的爱情故事。名词 story表示“故事”, 是可数名词。分析句子可知,空处由形容词numerous修饰,表示“众多的,许多的”,应填可数名词复数 形式,即stories。故填stories。 3 101. remarkable 102. was destroyed 103. slowly 104. with 105. whom 106. the 107. feet 108. hidden 109. did 110. surprising 【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了罗马的斗兽场。 101. 考查形容词。句意:专家认为它是罗马建筑最杰出的例子之一。one of the most+形容词最高级,表示 “最……之一”。remarkable形容词“非凡的,杰出的”。故填remarkable。102. 考查被动语态。句意:几个世纪以来,超过三分之二的罗马斗兽场被摧毁。主语 the Colosseum和动 词destroy之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用被动语态,且主语two-thirds of+名词,谓语动词看后面的名词,是单 数,谓语动词是单数。故填was destroyed。 103. 考查副词。句意:自1990年代以来,包括地下室在内的古老圆形剧院一直在缓慢地修复。修饰动词 repair,应用副词。故填slowly。 104. 考查介词。句意:它是罗马最受欢迎的旅游景点,大多数年份都有超过 500 万游客。分析句子可知, 此处是with的复合结构,with+宾语+宾补。故with。 105. 考查定语从句。句意:角斗士是罗马帝国的明星运动员,他们大多是奴隶或囚犯,但也有一些公民自 愿参加战斗,希望成为名人。most of +关系代词表示“……的大多数”,引导非限制性定语从句,修饰 the star athletes of the Roman Empire,指人,应用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 106. 考查冠词。句意:角斗士是罗马帝国的明星运动员,他们大多是奴隶或囚犯,但也有一些公民自愿参 加战斗,希望成为名人。固定搭配in the hope of“希望……”。故填the。 107. 考查名词复数。句意:当角斗士在斗兽场地板上战斗时,他们的脚下发生了很多事情。foot“脚”,可 数名词,below their feet“在他们的脚下”。故填feet。 108. 考查形容词。句意:在隐蔽的房间里,角斗士准备战斗。此处修饰名词 rooms,应用形容词hidden“隐 藏的,神秘的”。故填hidden。 109. 考查动词时态。句意:角斗士没有与它们战斗,但熟练的猎人却可以。分析句子可知,缺少谓语动词, 且前半句为过去时,此处应用一般过去时。故填did。 110. 考查非谓语动词。句意:这些动物会从活板门冲进竞技场,让人群大吃一惊。主语The creatures和动 词surprise之间是逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,作状语。故填surprising。 4 111. normally 112. pronunciation 113. fixed 114. when 115. an 116. to stick 117. as 118. have organized/have been organizing 119. posts120. themselves 【解析】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍的是中国的重阳节。 111. 考查副词。句意:它通常在公历的十月。空格处用副词修饰动词 falls,normal的副词是normally,意 为“通常”,故填normally。 112. 考查名词。句意:在汉语中,“糕”与“高”发音相同。same是形容词,修饰名词,pronounce的名 词是pronunciation,此处是一个字的发音,因此空格处用单数,故填pronunciation。 113. 考查形容词。句意:事实上,重阳糕并没有固定的做法,但超级蛋糕有多达九层,看起来像一座塔。 空格处用形容词作定语,修饰名词ways,fix的形容词是fixed,意为“固定的”,故填fixed。 114. 考查定语从句。句意:重阳节也是菊花盛开的时节。分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句, 从句中不缺主语或宾语,先行词time是时间,因此空格处用关系副词when,故填when。 115. 考查冠词。句意:所以赏菊也成为了节日里一个必不可少的活动。activity是可数名词的单数形式,且 表泛指,前面需加不定冠词,essential是元音音素开头,因此不定冠词用an,故填an。 116. 考查不定式。句意:女人们过去常常把这种花插在头发上,或把它的树枝挂在窗户或门上,以避免邪 恶。根据语境可知,句子描述过去的一个习俗,因此句子表示“妇女们过去常常把这种花插在头发上”, used to do是固定短语,意为“过去常常做某事”,因此空格处是to stick,故填to stick。 117. 考查介词。句意:1989年,中国政府决定将重阳节定为老年人节。根据语境可知,句子表示“中国政 府决定将重阳节定为老年人节”,空格处意为“作为”,是介词as,故填as。 118. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:从那时起,所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为退休人员组织一次 秋季旅行。由“Since then”可知,句子时态用现在完成时,也可用现在完成进行时来表示这个事情将会继 续下去,主语“all government units, organizations and streets communities”是复数,因此空格处是 have organized/have been organizing,故填have organized/have been organizing。 119. 考查名词的复数。句意:从那时起,所有政府单位、组织和街道社区每年都为从职位上退休人员组织 一次秋季旅行。post意为“职位”,是可数名词,由their可知,空格处用复数,故填posts。 120. 考查反身代词。句意:在水边或山上,老人发现自己与自然和谐相处。主语和宾语一致时,需用反身 代词作宾语,they的宾语是themselves。故填themselves。 5 121. that/which 122. by 123. increasingly 124. observes125. protected 126. their 127. to raise 128. a 129. be done 130. visitors 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。由于气候变化和人类活动长臂猿的栖息地受到了威胁,印尼官员正致力于保 护爪哇岛上的环境,那里是一种濒危长臂猿的家园。当地政府致力于提高人们意识和通过改变种植、经营 的方式来保护环境和长臂猿的栖息地。 121. 考查定语从句。句意:印尼官员正致力于保护爪哇岛上的一个小环境,那里是一种濒危长臂猿的家园。 分析句子结合句意可知,此处包含一个修饰名词island的定语从句,island指物,且从句缺少主语,所以用 关系代词that或which代替先行词引导该从句,作从句的主语,故填that或which。 122. 考查介词。句意:这种动物通过在该地区散播种子来帮助维持森林地区的健康。根据句意和空后的 spreading可知,此处表示“通过做某事来……”,应用介词by(通过),故填by。 123. 考查副词。句意:但保护组织表示,由于气候变化和人类活动,该长臂猿的栖息地正日益受到威胁。 根据句意可知,此处表示受到的威胁越来越多,所以此处用副词 increasingly(越来越) 作状语,修饰under threat,故填increasingly。 124. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当地组织SwaraWwa称,他们观察到大约有400只长臂猿。分析句子可 知,空处为句子的谓语,根据 says可知,此处为一般现在时,主语 it为单数,谓语动词用三单,故填 observes。 125. 考查非谓语动词。句意:生活在爪哇中部Petungkriyono森林73公里长的保护区内。分析句子结合句 意可知,此处缺少修饰名词area的定语,又因protect与area之间为被动关系,所以此处用过去分词表被动, 作area的定语,protected area表示“保护区”。故填protected。 126. 考查代词。句意:但他警告说,长臂猿的栖息地仍然受到威胁。根据句意和空后的名词habitat可知, 此处应用形容词性物主代词their作定语,their habitat表示“它们的栖息地”。故填their。 127. 考查非谓语动词。句意:SwaraOwa和政府每个月都会与当地社区成员举行会议,努力提高人们对这 一问题的认识。根据句意和in an effort可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,表示“努力提高人们对这 一问题的认识”。故填to raise。 128. 考查冠词。句意:在一个项目中,官员们与当地村长合作,将种植遮阴咖啡作为一种营生。根据句意 可知,此次表示将“种植遮阴咖啡”这件事作为一种生意,营生的方式,所赐此处表示泛指一种营生,名词前应用不定冠词,business为辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。 129. 考查被动语态。句意:这种种植方式可以在不损害林地的情况下进行。根据句意可知,主语 growing 与动词do之间为被动关系,此处表示“被进行”,动词应用被动式 be done,结合情态动词can可知,此 处填be done。故填be done。 130. 考查名词。句意:SwaraOwa 还为来这里的游客打造自然之旅,包括夜游。根据句意提到“打造自然 之旅”可知,是为了来到这里的“游客”,所以此处应用名词复数visitors,故填visitors。 6 131. a 132. gifted 133. to 134. has explored 135. was fascinated 136. awareness 137. which 138. starry 139. causing 140. called 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述于成玉同学的爱好以及他凭爱好获得了32万美元的弗里曼亚洲奖 学金的故事。 131. 考查冠词。句意:一位来自四川成都外国语学校的 18岁学生于成玉凭借自己的业余爱好获得了32万 美元的弗里曼亚洲奖学金。根据句意“一位”可知,填a。故填a。 132. 考查形容词。句意:这个享有盛誉的奖项允许有天赋的亚洲学生攻读本科课程,且每年只授予一名亚 洲人。“有天赋的”是gifted。故填gifted。 133. 考查介词。句意:于把奖学金的获得归功于他的天文爱好。owe sth. to sb./sth.意为“归功于……”。 故填to。 134. 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:多年来,他通过阅读书籍和搜索互联网来探索尚未解决的太空奥秘。 根据时间状语for years可知,此处使用现在完成时,主语为单数名词,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。 故填has explored。 135. 考查固定短语和时态。句意:当他还是个孩子的时候,他对外星人和不明飞行物很着迷。be fascinated with…为固定短语,意为“对……着迷”。根据句意“当他还是个孩子的时候”,可知用一般过去时。故填was fascinated。 136. 考查名词。句意:他把天文望远镜和投影仪放在大楼外,以传播天文学知识。根据句意“知识”,可 知应填名词awareness。故填awareness。 137. 考查关系代词。句意:后来,他开始在不同的地方举办活动,每个活动吸引了多达200名学生。分析 句子结构可知,设空处为非限制定语从句修饰先行词 activities ,先行词是物,只能用which引导非限制 定语从句。故填which。 138. 考查形容词。句意:我真的希望更多的人能感受到星星的魅力。分析句子可知,设空处应填形容词作 定语,修饰sky,再结合句意“星星的”,可知用starry。故填starry。 139. 考查非谓语动词。句意:2019年,成都一家学校食堂报告存在安全隐患, 引起学生的关注。分析句 子可知,设空处需填非谓语作状语,需用现在分词形式。故填causing。 140. 考查非谓语动词。句意:为了探索这个问题,于和四位同学拍摄了一部名为 A Bite of CFLS的纪录片。 分析句子结构,managed为谓语动词,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,a documentary和call为动宾关系, 需填过去分词形式。故填called。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000912s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=wenku;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001097s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000350s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.000287s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000467s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000188s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `wendang` [ RunTime:0.000506s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `wendang` WHERE `id` = 367538 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.004231s ]
  9. UPDATE `wendang` SET `liulancishu` = 1 WHERE `id` = 367538 [ RunTime:0.004120s ]
  10. UPDATE `wendang` SET `lasttime` = 1773069024 WHERE `id` = 367538 [ RunTime:0.000587s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `wendang` WHERE `id` < 367538 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000462s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `wendang` WHERE `id` > 367538 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000901s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `wendang` WHERE `id` <> 367538 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.012290s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `wendang` WHERE `id` <> 367538 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.004152s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `wendang` WHERE `id` <> 367538 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.007424s ]
0.180455s