文档内容
2023 年高考英语一轮复习基础知识+基本能力双清（通用版）
英语长难句
一、长难句的常见形式
1．复合句
这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句。其实，不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即
主干和修饰成分。主干主要指主谓宾结构(如：I want a ticket.)或主系表结构(如：The man is a teacher.)。而修饰
成分在句中只起修饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从
句和状语从句。应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分划出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清晰了。
I urge you to contact your state legislators to move this legislation forward so that this weekend will be one of the
last times when we have to “fall back”．
分析：此句的主语为I，谓语是urge, so that引导的结果状语从句。在结果状语从句中when引导定语从句。
2．分隔结构
高考试题中出现较多的分隔结构是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充信息。此外，还有一些句子成分
(一般是定语)过长而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象。
“The results are pretty exciting—strong levels of reductions—but there clearly are going to be things to be learned
from the areas where the reductions are not as great.” said Penn State University professor Elizabeth McGraw.
提醒：分析长难句时务必注意这些非限制性修饰成分，它们打断了原来的行文逻辑，插入补充了一些额外
的信息。
3．成分省略或倒装
在英语句子中，用词简洁是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密
连接。有时为了强调句子表达的重心，对句子进行倒装。
By the end of the century, if not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and greener thanks to a warming climate,
according to a new study.
分析：此句正常语序为： By the end of the century, if it is not sooner, the world's oceans will be bluer and
greener thanks to a warming climate, according to a new study.
二、长难句突破策略
通过语法分析，迅速弄清句子的结构，把握句子的基本框架的基本步骤是：首先，判断该句是简单句、并
列句还是复合句；然后，找出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的附属成分。
方法一：较复杂单句的处理方法——找主谓语，即找主干成分
较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引起同学们的足够重视。
(2020·浙江1月高考阅读C)A key skill set for success is persistence (毅力), a characteristic that researchers say is
heavily influenced by fathers.
分析：主语是A key skill，谓语是is，表语是persistence, a characteristic是同位语，解释说明persistence。
that引导同位语从句，解释名词characteristic。
方法二：并列复合句的处理方法——找并列连词
There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is
brilliant.分析：句中的but是并列连词，连接两个并列单句。
方法三：主从复合句的处理方法——找从属连词
(2020·浙江 1 月高考阅读 C)A key finding is that over time, children raised by an authoritative father were
significantly more likely to develop persistence, which leads to better outcomes in school.
分析：该句主语是A key finding, that引导表语从句，从句中含有which引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名
词persistence。
方法四：并列和主从复合句并存的处理方法——先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句
(2019·北京高考阅读)“It'll be a while before we can statistically show that the changes are happening because of
climate change，” Dutkiewicz said, “but the change in the color of the ocean will be one of the early warning signals
that we really have changed our planet.”
分析：but引导两个并列的主从复合句， but前的主从复合句中是before引导的时间状语从句，该从句中
show后是that引导的宾语从句； but后的主从复合句中，主语是the change，谓语是will be, that引导的同位语
从句，解释说明名词signals的内容。
【提升专练】
1
China has once again proved its ability ___1___ (change) the world with the “new four great inventions”: high—
speed railways, electronic payments, shared bicycles and online shopping. They’re related to China’s high—tech
innovation (创新), ___2___ has improved the quality of people’s lives, according ___3___ a survey made by the Belt
and Road Research Institute of Beijing Foreign Studies University.
“My wallet is no longer in use. I can buy and eat whatever I want simply with a fingertip on my phone,” said
___4___ university student, adding that “even pancake sellers are using mobile payment”.
The bikes ___5___ (them) are not new, but the operating model of bike—sharing ___6___ (base) on satellite
navigation system(卫星导航系统), mobile payment, big data and other high technologies.
China has entered a new innovative era, thanks to the large amounts of capital, China has invested in encouraging
innovation, said Bernhard Schwartlander, WHO Representative in China.
It is increasingly clear that China is innovating and no longer copying Western ___7___ (idea). This is ___8___
(especial) true in mobile, where China is leading in many ways such as social messaging app WeChat, she said. As for
the reason, this is partly ___9___ China skipped over the PC era and went directly to mobile. China has a ____10____
(large) mobile use than any other country in the world.
2
Sweet Art—Sugar Painting
In and around China’s southwestern Sichuan Province, one can often find folk artists producing sugar paintings with
liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks.
According to some academic studies, sugar painting originated from the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals andfigures ____11____ (make) in moulds (模具) as part of a sacrifice in religious ceremonies. In the Qing Dynasty, sugar
painting gained more ____12____ (popular). The production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more
various, most of ____13____ stood for good luck such as the fish, dragon and monkey. Afterward, the folk artists in
Sichuan ____14____ (develop) this art by adding techniques of the Chinese shadow puppet and Chinese paper cutting.
The moulds were also replaced ____15____ a small bronze spoon. As time passed by, the contemporary form of sugar
painting has ____16____ (gradual) evolved.
Although the number of sugar painters has decreased, due to its unique charm, a certain number of artists are
making efforts ____17____ (preserve) it by offering classes, holding relevant ____18____ (activity) such as sugar
painting contests and applying for the National Nonmaterial Cultural Heritage.
Nowadays, this art is getting support again from the general public ____19____ it has already been listed as
Provincial NonMaterial Culture Heritage by the Sichuan Provincial Government. Moreover, the sugar painting artists
have gained____20____ (increase) recognition.
3
China has formally established the first batch of national parks covering ____21____ protected land area of more
than 230,000 square kilometers. In recent years, the development of national parks in China has accelerated, which is
____22____ (separable) from the drive to continuously promote the building of an ecological civilization.
The establishment is a practical move by China to ____23____ (far) strengthen its efforts to promote natural
ecological protection and conserve biodiversity. This move reflects the high starting point and strict requirements of the
central authorities, ____24____ (indicate) that the country has taken a solid step toward establishing a comprehensive
national park system.
Different from parks in the general sense ____25____ are only for sightseeing and leisure, commercial
developments ____26____ (ban) in the national parks, which are all put ____27____ the control of the national red line
for ecological protection and subject to the strictest protection. The national parks are not only home to the most
important and the unique natural geological landscapes and essential natural heritage, but also the foundation for the
country’s efforts at biological diversity ____28____ (conserve).
These national parks are ideal sites for the popularization of science, research and education. More national parks of
such scales will be established in the foreseeable future. They will be legacies ____29____ (pass) down to future
generations.
Mother Nature has nourished us, and we must treat nature as our root, respect it, protect it, and follow ____30____
(it) laws.
4Chinese New Year, which starts on the first day of the Chinese lunar calendar (阴历) is considered as one of
____31____(important) holidays in China. It ____32____(know) as the Spring Festival.
In ancient times, the Spring Festival started from the beginning ____33____ Spring. Nowadays, it often happens
between January and February. It usually lasts until Lantern Festival (元宵节), ____34____ gives everyone plenty of
time for celebration.
____35____(traditional), the children get red envelopes during the Spring Festival celebrations. It’s a custom going
back to ancient times. However, when the tradition ____36____(begin) is still unknown. Whatever the reason is, the red
envelope has been an important part of Chinese New Year to this day.
The firework is another big part of Chinese New Year. A ____37____(write) shared the following story on a
website. An old man saved a town from a terrible monster by throwing bamboo ____38____(stick) into the fire. The
explosion (爆炸声) ____39____ (cause) by the bamboo frightened off the monster. As a result, Chinese people set off
fireworks during Chinese New Year celebrations _____40_____(avoid) the evil spirits of the past.
5
Dean Stanton has been making art his entire life. A 1990 graduate of Alberta University of the Arts, Stanton has a
huge following in Canada. His work is ____41____(easy)recognizable and brings a smile ____42____ everyone who
sees it.
I recently interviewed the ____43____(art)in his studio in Calgary, Alberta. On the walls are reminders of his many
colorful projects, including colorful murals ( 壁 画 )for schools, hospitals, and other public spaces. “Art
____44____(be)magic,” he says.
Actually, ____45____ number of Stanton’s, murals begin with pre-outlined wood panels ( 板 )that several
individuals (个人)paint. The panels are then assembled (组合)into large murals. The goal of such projects is to get the
community involved in art, allowing everyone ____46____(work)together to create something ____47____(amaze)and
beautiful.
“Art can bring people together,” Stanton says, “by ____48____(help)them to be able to express ____49____ they
feel.”
Without Stanton’s brightly-colored murals in the heart of Calgary, the city would be gray. Stanton’s work can
____50____(see)not just in Calgary, but also across Canada, as well as in the United States, Europe, and Australia.
“Everyone in the whole world can appreciate art,” Stanton says. “It’s free and easy to carry out.”
6
Ring! Ring! Ring! My alarm clock rang. I opened my eyes and suddenly remembered it was the day of the class trip
to the park with Miss Lee, our science teacher. I got up and ____51____ (begin) to brush my teeth. After that I changedinto my school uniform and had ____52____ quick breakfast. Then I walked to my school ____53____ (meet) my
classmates.
Miss Lee gave us some ____54____ (instruct) and divided us ____55____ groups of six. Then we set
____56____. An hour ____57____ (late), we arrived at the park. As we walked along, all of a sudden, I saw Jane falling
into the lake. Without ____58____ (hesitate), I jumped into the lake to her rescue. I pulled her to the bank and Miss Lee
took her to the hospital ____59____ (immediate) with our help. After _____60_____ (examine) Jane carefully, the
doctor said she had to stay in the hospital for further treatment for two weeks because she had broken her right leg.
7
Vesuvius, also called Mount Vesuvius, is on the plain of Campania in southern Italy. ___61___ the afternoon of
August 24, AD 79 Mount Vesuvius on the island of Sicily erupted, ___62___ (send) out a huge cloud of glowing ash and
barraging(倾泻) the surrounding country with showers of rock. For 28 hours the volcano continued to pour out rock and
ash until the city of Pompeii and ___63___ unfortunate inhabitants were buried under seven metres of rock and ash. Two
thousand people died in the catastrophe.
The town of Pompeii ___64___ (lie) hidden and forgotten until 1631 when Vesuvius erupted again and workers
discovered some Roman coins. Over the course of the next 200 years or so various artefacts(收藏品) ___65___ (dig) up.
The site was cleared and slowly more and more uncovered. The importance of the discoveries was ___66___ (eventual)
realized and efforts were made ___67___ (preserve) the site. ___68___ (science) study of the volcano did not begin
until late in the 18th century. An observatory was opened in 1845 at 1,995 feet, and in the 20th century people set up
numerous stations at various ___69___ (high) for making volcanologic measurements. Today it is possible to visit
Pompeii and walk down the streets and still see the figures in the same positions ____70____ they were when the ash
enveloped them over 1,900 years ago.
8
Flying cars may soon become a ___71___ (real). A company providing the rideshare service has asked ___72___
expert from NASA, the American space agency, ___73___(help) the company develop cars that can fly.
The company plans to use flying vehicles in the future to avoid ___74___(encounter) traffic in and around cities.
The company wants to use small, totally electric aircraft, ___75___ could take off and land like a helicopter on top of
parking garages. It said its flying vehicles would be much ___76___(quiet), cost less to operate and produce less
pollution than helicopters. One person in San Francisco ___77___(write) on Twitter, “I used to think that flying cars
were a ridiculous idea. ___78___ I changed my mind this morning when I sat in a heavy traffic.” Another person added
from Mumbai, India, “I’m reading about it ___79___(hire) an NASA engineer to build flying cars, while stuck in traffic.
There is hope.”The expert predicts there will be several early models of cars that can’t fly ____80____(they) but with human
pilots within one to three years.
9
Hanfu is a name for pre-17th century traditional clothing of the Han Chinese which is the predominant ethnic group
of China. In the last few years it ___81___ (make) a comeback. It is estimated that by the end of this year, the number of
people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales ___82___ (expect) to reach 10.16 billion
yuan.
___83___ (satisfy) the diverse tastes of today’s youth, sellers are putting fancy decorations on this ancient costume.
Certain hanfu has a ___84___ (color) reflective effect, as shiny decorative powders ___85___ (stamp) into the cloth.
Although the young fans of hanfu generally agree ___86___ is no need to strictly follow the ancient rules, their
opinions differ significantly. Some said they can match hanfu from different dynasties together, or ___87___ modern
clothing, according to their own ___88___ (prefer).
But others said clothing with fancy and modern decorations can’t be seen as hanfu at all. Meanwhile, fans disagree
on ___89___ often one should wear the clothing, every day or on special occasions like festivals and weddings. But one
thing is for sure, young people have become ____90____ (increasing) interested in activities to promote and display the
traditional Chinese culture.
参考答案
1
1. to change
2. which
3. to
4. a
5. themselves
6. is based
7. ideas
8. especially
9. because
10. larger
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国创新技术快速发展，诞生了“新四大发明”，中国已经进入
了一个新的创新时代。
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国再次证明了自己有能力用“新四大发明”改变世界:高铁、电子支付、共享单车和网购。名词ability后接不定式作后置定语。故填to change。
2. 考查定语从句。句意：据北京外国语大学“一带一路”研究院的一项调查显示，它们与中国的高科技创新有
关，这些创新提高了人们的生活质量。句中先行词为high—tech innovation，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，
所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。
3. 考查介词。句意：据北京外国语大学“一带一路”研究院的一项调查显示，它们与中国的高科技创新有关，
这些创新提高了人们的生活质量。短语according to根据。故填to。
4. 考查冠词。句意：“我的钱包不用了。我只要用指尖在手机上点击，就能买到想吃的东西，吃到想吃的东
西。”一名大学生补充说，“就连卖煎饼的也在使用移动支付。”名词 student为单数，表泛指，且university
发音以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。
5. 考查代词。句意：单车本身并不新鲜，但共享单车的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数据等高
科技。分析句子可知，这里是复数名词bikes的同位语，所以用反身代词担当同位语。故填themselves。
6. 考查时态和语态。句意：单车本身并不新鲜，但共享单车的运营模式是基于卫星导航系统、移动支付、大数
据等高科技。句中主语为the operating model，单数。和所给动词base之间构成被动关系。根据上下文可知，本
句时态为一般现在时。故填is based。
7. 考查名词的数。句意：越来越明显的是，中国正在创新，不再复制西方的想法。名词idea为可数名词，空处
指的不止一个想法，所以用复数形式。故填ideas。
8. 考查副词。句意：她说，在移动领域尤其如此，中国在社交通讯等许多方面都处于领先地位，比如应用 APP
微信。修饰形容词true，用副词形式。故填especially。
9. 考查表语从句。句意：至于原因，部分原因是中国跳过了PC时代，直接进入了移动领域。根据意思可知，
空处引导了下文的原因，用because。构成固定结构：That/This is because那/这是因为……。故填because。
10. 考查比较级。句意：中国是世界上使用手机最多的国家。根据下文的than可知，空处为形容词比较级形式。
故填larger。
2
11. were made
12. popularity
13. which
14. developed
15. with/by
16. gradually
17. to preserve
18. activities19. and
20. increasing
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国优秀传统文化——糖画。糖画起源于明朝，经过历代手艺人的
努力，糖画现已被列为四川省非物质文化遗产。更重要的是，糖画艺术家得到了更多的认可。
11. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画起源于明代，当时糖动物和人物被制成模具
作为宗教仪式祭祀的一部分。分析句子结构可知，when引导定语从句，关系副词when指代先行词the Ming
Dynasty，在从句中作时间状语，从句应用一般过去时，且主语sugar animals and figures和动词make之间为被动
关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语animals and figures为复数，所以be动词用were。故填were made。
12. 考查名词。句意：在清朝，糖画更受欢迎。分析句子结构可知，该空作 gained 的宾语，应用名词
popularity，不可数名词。故填popularity。
13. 考查定语从句。句意：制作工艺不断升级，图案也更加丰富多彩，多代表吉祥，如鱼、龙、猴等。分析句
子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表示物的名词 patterns，关系词在从句中作most of的宾语，
应用关系代词which。故填which。
14. 考查时态。句意：后来，四川的民间艺人通过添加中国皮影和中国剪纸的技术发展了这门艺术。分析句子
结构可知，develop在句中作谓语动词。结合Afterward可知，讲述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；主语
和谓语动词之间是主动关系。故填developed。
15. 考查介词。句意：模具也被一个小青铜勺子取代。固定搭配 be replaced with/by sth.“被某物替代”。故填
with/by。
16. 考查副词。句意：随着时间的推移，糖画的当代形式逐渐演变。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语
evolved，应用副词形式作状语。故填gradually。
17. 考查动词不定式。句意：虽然由于其独特的魅力，糖画画家的数量有所减少，但也有不少画家通过开设课
程、举办糖画大赛、申请国家非物质文化遗产等活动，努力保护糖画。固定搭配make efforts to do sth.“努力做某
事”。故填to preserve。
18. 考查名词复数。句意：虽然由于其独特的魅力，糖画画家的数量有所减少，但也有不少画家通过开设课程、
举办糖画大赛、申请国家非物质文化遗产等活动，努力保护糖画。activity活动，是可数名词，根据空后列举的
活动可知，活动不止一个，应用名词复数形式。故填activities。
19. 考查连词。句意：如今，这门艺术又得到了公众的支持，它已经被四川省人民政府列为省级非物质文化遗
产。分析句子结构可知，前后句之间是并列关系。故填and。
20. 考查形容词。句意：此外，糖画艺术家也得到了越来越多的认可。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰后面的名
词recognition，需要用到形容词作定语，形容词increasing越来越多的。故填increasing。
321. a
22. inseparable
23. further
24. indicating
25. that/which
26. are banned
27. under/in
28. conservation
29. passed
30. its
【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国建立的第一批国家公园所覆盖的面积及建立国家公园的作用与意
义，并引用了习主席的金句作为结束语。
21. 考查冠词。句意：中国已经正式建立了第一批国家公园，保护区面积超过 23万平方公里。“area”是可数名
词，表泛指，前面需加不定冠词，protected是辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a，故填a。
22. 考查形容词。句意：近年来，我国国家公园建设步伐加快，与不断推进生态文明建设密不可分。空格处用
形容词作表语，根据语境可知，句子表示“我国国家公园建设步伐加快，与不断推进生态文明建设密不可分”，
空格处意为“不可分离的”，是inseparable，故填inseparable。
23. 考查副词。句意：这是中国进一步加强自然生态保护和生物多样性保护的务实举措。空格处用副词修饰动
词strengthen，far的比较级further可表示“进一步”作状语，故填further。
24. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这一举措体现了中央政府的高起点、严要求，表明我国在建立综合性国家公园体
系方面迈出了坚实步伐。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是reflects，空格处用非谓语动词，前面描述的事情和
indicate之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故填indicating。
25. 考查定语从句。句意：与一般意义上仅用于观光休闲的公园不同，国家公园禁止商业开发，都在国家生态
保护红线的控制之下，受到最严格的保护。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，
先行词parks是物，因此空格处是关系代词that/which，故填that/which。
26. 考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：与一般意义上仅用于观光休闲的公园不同，国家公园禁止商业开发，
都在国家生态保护红线的控制之下，受到最严格的保护。商业开发是被禁止，句子用被动语态，由后面的 are
可知，句子时态是一般现在时，因此空格处是一般现在时的被动语态，主语developments是复数，因此空格处
是are banned，故填are banned。
27. 考查介词。句意：与一般意义上仅用于观光休闲的公园不同，国家公园禁止商业开发，都在国家生态保护
红线的控制之下，受到最严格的保护。根据语境可知，句子表示“国家公园禁止商业开发，都在国家生态保护红线的控制之下”，“在……控制下”是under/in the control of，因此空格处是介词under/in。故填under/in。
28. 考查名词。句意：国家公园不仅拥有最重要、最独特的自然地质景观和必不可少的自然遗产，而且是国家
保护生物多样性的基础。biological是形容词，修饰名词，conserve的名词是conservation，意为“保护”，是不
可数名词，“biological diversity conservation”意为“保护生物多样性”，故填conservation。
29. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他们将成为传给后代的遗产。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是will be，空格处用
非谓语动词，legacies和pass之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动作后置定语，故填passed。
30. 考查物主代词。句意：大自然哺育了我们，我们要视自然为根，尊重自然，保护自然，遵循自然规律。根
据语境可知，句子表示“我们要视自然为根，尊重自然，保护自然，遵循自然规律”，空格处意为“它的”，
是its，是形容词性物主代词修饰名词laws，故填its。
4
31. the most important
32. is known
33. of
34. which
35. Traditionally
36. began
37. writer
38. sticks
39. caused
40. to avoid
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍春节的来历。
31. 考查形容词最高级。句意：农历新年从农历的第一天开始，被认为是中国最重要的节日之一。“one of +the
+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定用法，所以用形容词important的最高级the most important。故填the most
important。
32. 考查时态。句意：它被称为春节。be known as是固定用法“作为……而出名”。讲述客观事实，时态用一
般现在时，主语是it，根据主谓一致原则，此处应填is known。故填is known。
33. 考查介词。句意：在古代，春节从立春开始。the beginning of Spring (立春)，此处应填of。故填of。
34. 考查定语从句关系词。句意：通常持续到元宵节，这让每个人都有足够的时间庆祝。分析句子可知，设空
处后是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前句指代的事，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导。故填which。
35. 考查副词。句意：传统上，孩子们在春节期间会收到红包。分析句子可知，此句应用traditional的副词
traditionally修饰整个句子，作状语，首字母大写。故填Traditionally。
36. 考查时态。句意：然而，这一传统何时开始还不得而知。分析句子可知，春节的起源是发生在过去，需用一般过去时。故填began。
37. 考查名词单数。句意：一位作家在网站上分享了以下故事。根据句意“作家”和不定冠词a可知，此处应填
write的单数名词writer。故填writer。
38. 考查名词复数。句意：一位老人把竹竿扔进火里，从可怕的怪物手中救出了一座城镇。根据句意“竹竿”
可知，此处应该用名词stick的复数形式sticks表泛指，指“不止一根竹竿”。故填sticks。
39. 考查过去分词。句意：竹子引起的爆炸把怪物吓跑了。分析句子可知，此句的谓语是 frightened，frightened
和cause之间没有连词，cause应使用非谓语作后置定语。explosion和cause是动宾关系，用过去分词形式表被
动。故填caused。
40. 考查动词不定式。句意：因此，中国人在春节庆祝活动中燃放烟花，以躲避过去的邪灵。分析句子可知，
此处应用动词不定式to avoid作目的状语。故填to avoid。
5
41. easily
42. to
43. artist
44. is
45. a
46. to work
47. amazing
48. helping
49. how
50. be seen
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了斯坦顿作品的特点以及对人们的影响。
41. 考查副词。句意：他的作品很容易辨认，给每个看到它的人带来了微笑。修饰后文形容词 recognizable应用
副词。故填easily。
42. 考查介词。句意：：他的作品很容易辨认，给每个看到它的人带来了微笑。结合句意表达“把……带给某
人”用bring sth. to sb.。故填to。
43. 考查名词。句意：我最近在阿尔伯塔省卡尔加里的工作室采访了这位艺术家。作动词 interviewed的宾语，
且指代人，名词artist“艺术家”符合题意，此处指Dean Stanton，应用单数形式。故填artist。
44. 考查时态。句意：他说：“艺术是有魔力的。”陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语 art是不可数名词，
谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填is。
45. 考查冠词。句意：实际上，斯坦顿的许多壁画都是从几个人绘制的预先勾勒出轮廓的木板开始的。结合句
意表达“许多”应用a number of，number的发音是辅音音素开头，故填a。46. 考查不定式。句意：这些项目的目标是让社区参与到艺术中来，让每个人一起创造出令人惊叹和美丽的东
西。结合句意表达“让某人做某事”用allow sb. to do sth.，不定式作宾补。故填to work。
47. 考查形容词。句意：这些项目的目标是让社区参与到艺术中来，让每个人一起创造出令人惊叹和美丽的东
西。此处应填形容词修饰不定代词something，表示事物的特征，应用v-ing形式的形容词。故填amazing。
48. 考查动名词。句意：斯坦顿说：“通过帮助人们表达自己的感受，艺术可以把人们团结在一起。”。谓语
介词by后应用help的动名词形式作宾语。故填helping。
49. 考查宾语从句。句意：斯坦顿说：“通过帮助人们表达自己的感受，艺术可以把人们团结在一起。”。分
析可知，空处引导宾语从句，feel后缺少作表语的形容词，应用连接副词how引导。故填how。
50. 考查含情态动词的被动语态。句意：斯坦顿的作品不仅可以在卡尔加里看到，还可以在加拿大各地，以及
美国、欧洲和澳大利亚看到。主语works和see是被动关系，应该使用被动语态，位于情态动词can后用be seen
表被动。故填be seen。
6
51. began
52. a
53. to meet
54. instructions
55. into
56. off
57. later
58. hesitation
59. immediately
60. examining
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和同学去公园时，救了落水的简的事迹。
51. 考查时态。句意：我起床开始刷牙。根据上文I got up and可知此处为一般过去时。故填began。
52. 考查冠词。句意：之后，我换上了校服，很快地吃了早餐。结合句意表示“吃早餐”可知短语为 have a
breakfast。故填a。
53. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然后我走到学校去见我的同学。分析句子结构可知meet在句中应用非谓语动词形
式，此处作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to meet。
54. 考查名词的数。句意：李老师给了我们一些指导，把我们分成六组。作宾语，表示“指导”应用名词
instruction，由some修饰应用复数形式。故填instructions。
55. 考查介词。句意：李老师给了我们一些指导，把我们分成六组。结合句意表示“把……分成……”可知短
语为divide…into…。故填into。56. 考查固定短语。句意：然后我们出发了。结合句意表示“出发”可知短语为set off。故填off。
57. 考查副词。句意：一个小时后，我们到达了公园。此处为“一段时间+later”表示“多久之后……”。故填
later。
58. 考查名词。句意：我毫不犹豫地跳进湖里去救她。作介词的宾语，表示“毫不犹豫”应用 without
hesitation。故填hesitation。
59. 考查副词。句意：我把她拉到岸边，李老师在我们的帮助下立即带她去了医院。修饰动词 take应用副词
immediately，作状语。故填immediately。
60. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在对简进行了仔细检查后，医生说她必须在医院继续治疗两个星期，因为她的右
腿骨折了。作介词的宾语，examine应用动名词形式。故填examining。
7
61. On
62. sending
63. its
64. lay
65. were dug
66. eventually
67. to preserve
68. Scientific
69. heights
70. as
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了庞贝城的维苏威火山爆发事件，并说明了火山爆发的原因。
61. 考查介词。句意：公元79年8月24日下午，西西里岛上的维苏威火山爆发，喷出大量炽热的火山灰，并向
周围地区喷射出如阵雨般的岩石。分析句子结构，具体某一天下午用介词“On”。故填On。
62. 考查非谓语动词。句意：公元79年8月24日下午，西西里岛上的维苏威火山爆发，喷出大量炽热的火山灰，
并向周围地区喷射出如阵雨般的岩石。分析句子结构可知，主句中主语为 Mount Vesuvius，erupted为谓语动词，
此处sending非谓语动词作状语,与Mount Vesuvius在逻辑上是主动关系。故填sending。
63. 考查代词。句意：28个小时以来，火山继续喷出岩石和火山灰，直到庞培城及其不幸的居民被掩埋在7米
深的岩石和火山灰之下。分析句子结构可知，此处用人称代词指代前面的庞贝城的，作定语。故填its。
64. 考查时态。句意：庞培城一直被隐藏和遗忘，直到1631年维苏威火山再次爆发，工人们发现了一些罗马货
币。分析句子结构可知，此处lie做谓语，且事件发生在过去，应该用一般过去时。故填lay。
65. 考查被动语态。句意：在接下来的200年左右的时间里，各种各样的文物被挖掘出来。分析句子结构可知，
此处dig做谓语，与主语artefacts是被动关系，且事件发生在过去，应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故填weredug。
66. 考查副词。句意：人们最终认识到这些发现的重要性，并努力保护这一遗址。分析句子结构可知，此处应
该用副词来修饰动词realized。故填eventually。
67. 考查非谓语动词。句意：人们最终认识到这些发现的重要性，并努力保护这一遗址。分析句子结构可知，
此处应该用to do形式主语补足语，make efforts to do表示“尽力做某事”，本句为efforts be made to do sth。故
填to preserve。
68. 考查形容词。句意：对这座火山的科学研究直到18世纪晚期才开始。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用形容
词修饰后面的名词study，且句首单词首字母需大写。故填Scientific。
69. 考查名词。句意：1845年，一座海拔1995英尺的观测站开放。分析句子结构，形容词 various修饰名词，
不同的高度，应用复数形式。故填heights。
70. 考查定语从句。句意：今天，你可以去参观庞贝古城，走在街上，仍然可以看到1900多年前被火山灰笼罩
时那些雕像的位置。分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，用as引导，the same...as...。故填as。
8
71. reality
72. an
73. to help
74. encountering
75. which
76. quieter
77. wrote
78. But
79. hiring
80. themselves
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了关于飞行汽车的想法，现在经过一些专家的努力，很快就会变为现实了。
71. 考查名词。句意：飞行汽车也许很快便成为现实。冠词后要跟名词reality，作表语。故填reality。
72. 考查冠词。句意：拼车服务公司优步已邀请美国国家航空航天局的一名专家，帮助该公司开发能够飞行的
汽车。expert是可数名词单数，此处泛指且expert是发音以元音音素开头的词，应使用不定冠词an。故填an。
73. 考查非谓语动词。句意：拼车服务公司优步已邀请美国国家航空航天局的一名专家，帮助该公司开发能够
飞行的汽车。此处为短语ask sb. to do sth.“请求某人干某事”。故填to help。
74. 考查非谓语动词。句意：该公司计划在未来使用飞行车辆，以避免在城市及其周边遇到交通。结合句意表
示“避免做某事”可知短语为avoid doing sth.。故填encountering。
75. 考查定语从句。句意：该公司希望使用小型、全电动飞机，可以像停在车库顶部的直升机那样起飞和降落。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词aircraft，在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。
76. 考查比较级。句意：优步表示，它的飞行交通工具将比直升机更安静、运营成本更低、产生的污染也更少。
根据后文“cost less to operate and produce less pollution than helicopters”可知，由and连接的三个并列结构应该都
使用比较级。故填quieter。
77. 考查动词时态。句意：旧金山的一个人在推特上写道。由于整个第三段描述的都是一个过去发生的事件，
所以应使用write的过去时态，此外，也可根据此段中的added推断出应使用过去时态。故填wrote。
78. 考查连词。句意：但是今天早上我在拥挤的交通中改变了主意。根据前一句：我曾经认为坐汽车是个可笑
的想法，后一句：今天早上我在拥挤的交通中改变了主意。由此可知，前后两句是转折的关系，应使用转折连
词but。句首单词首字母要大写。故填But。
79. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我被堵在路上的时候，我读到优步雇佣了一名美国国家航空航天局的工程师来
制造会飞的汽车。介词about后跟动名词作宾语。故填hiring。
80. 考查反身代词。句意：专家预测，在未来一到三年内，将会出现几种不能自动飞行的早期汽车模型，但会
有人类驾驶员驾驶。根据句意可知，“它们自己不能飞”，所以用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
9
81. has made
82. expected
83. To satisfy
84. colorful
85. are stamped
86. there
87. with/to
88. preference
89. how
90. increasingly
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统服饰汉服的又一次热潮和它的改造。
81. 考查时态。句意：在过去的几年中，它又卷土重来。根据句中的时间状语In the last few years可知，用现在
完成时。主语为it，谓语动词用has。故填has made。
82. 考查非谓语动词。句意：据估计，到今年年底，全国使用汉服产品的人数将达到 689万人，总销售额预计
将达到101.6亿元。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。名词total sales与动词expect是被动关系，所
以用动词过去分词作宾语补足语。故填expected。
83. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了满足当今年轻人多样化的口味，卖家们在这身古装上添加了花哨的装饰。分
析句意可知，这里是表目的用，所以不定式结构，表示“为了”。故填To satisfy。84. 考查形容词。句意：某些汉服有五颜六色的反光效果，因为有光泽的装饰粉印在衣服上。名词 effect前用形
容词修饰。故填colorful。
85. 考查时态和语态。句意：某些汉服有五颜六色的反光效果，因为有光泽的装饰粉印在衣服上。陈述客观事
实，用一般现在时。复数名词powders与动词stamp是被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are stamped。
86. 考查固定句型。句意：尽管年轻的汉服迷们普遍认为没有必要严格遵守古代的规则，但他们的观点却大相
径庭。There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事。故填there。
87. 考查介词。句意：一些人说，他们可以根据自己的喜好将不同朝代的汉服搭配在一起，或者与现代服装搭
配。固定短语match…with和……搭配或固定短语from…to从……到……。故填with/to。
88. 考查名词。句意：一些人说，他们可以根据自己的喜好将不同朝代的汉服搭配在一起，或者与现代服装搭
配。形容词性物主代词their后接名词形式，且为不可数名词。故填preference。
89. 考查固定结构。句意：与此同时，粉丝们对于穿多久一次这种衣服，每天还是在节日和婚礼等特殊场合都
有不同意见。how often多久。故填how。
90. 考查副词。句意：但有一点可以肯定，年轻人对推广和展示中国传统文化的活动越来越感兴趣。动词
interested后用副词修饰。故填increasingly。
