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常考话题一 科普知识类
科普知识类说明文是高考阅读理解中的重难点题材，考生往往在这类文章中失分严重，
因此，考生需要了解科普知识类文章的主要特点和命题方式。
选材 当前经济和科技等方面的变化，以介绍某一科学现象居多。
特点 结构严谨、逻辑性强。
文章中词汇的意义相对单一、稳定、简明，不带感情色彩。句子结构较复杂，
语言
语法分析较困难，常使用被动语态，尤其是一些惯用被动句式。
主要集中在细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题或词义猜测题，以推理判断
命题
题居多。
科普知识类说明文长难句居多，题目往往是推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，考生在扩
大词汇量的同时，还需要努力增强分析长难句的能力，把握文章的主旨。具体答题策略如下：
(2019·全国Ⅰ·C)
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common，the market is growing for
biometric( 生物测量 )technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-
spaces.At present，these technologies are still expensive，though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that
gets around this problem ： a smart keyboard.This smart keyboard precisely measures thecadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key.The keyboard could
offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time
between key presses.These patterns are unique to each person.Thus，the keyboard can determine
people’s identities，and by extension，whether they should be given access to the computer
it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar
with.Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology，the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word
“touch”four times using the smart keyboard.Data collected from the device could be used to
recognize different participants based on how they typed ， with very low error rates.The
researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly
made of inexpensive，plastic-like parts.The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28．Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A．To reduce pressure on keys.
B．To improve accuracy in typing.
C．To replace the password system.
D．To cut the cost of e-space protection.
29．What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A．Computers are much easier to operate.
B．Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C．Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D．Data security measures are guaranteed.
30．What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A．It’ll be environment-friendly.
B．It’ll reach consumers soon.
C．It’ll be made of plastics.
D．It’ll help speed up typing.
31．Where is this text most likely from?
A．A diary. B．A guidebook.
C．A novel. D．A magazine.
A
Bioprinting is medically and bio-technologically equal to 3D printing.By using the same
principles，the aim is to rapidly develop living structures similar to human-grown organs and
tissue that can be used to heal people or test new drugs.
Of course，printing biological tissue is much more complex than building a mechanicalpart.There are complex layers of cells in living tissue.Bioprinters use bioink made from cells，
biochemical nutrients and biological stands to support cells in an exact order.Bioinks have to
operate under conditions that are suitable for living，growing tissue，so they cannot really be
printed at temperatures that top body temperature.
Perhaps the simplest form of bioprinting is inkjet printing.Bioink is sprayed through tiny tubes
so it has to be almost liquid and this limits the biological materials that can be printed.Most 3D
printers operate by squeezing material through a pipe and bioprinters can use squeezing too，
though care has to be taken not to damage cells through extreme force.Other techniques such as
laser-assisted bioprinting or electrospinning(静电纺丝) are incredibly exact and can be used with
thicker bioinks，but they are more tricky to use with living cells and not as rapid or able to create
large quantities of tissue.
Once the bioprinter has done its work，the post-processing stage begins.Bioreactor systems
are often employed to help the tissue grow up.They can be used to copy the forces and biochemical
support that tissue needs to grow and differentiate correctly.
Bioprinting may be a relatively new field but the results so far are encouraging.Stem cells，
which have the potential to turn into several types of cells，are being used to create bone.Organ
printing can improve the health of society in general by wiping out the problem of diseases caused
by organ failure ，costly treatments and social care.That promise may be years away from
realization but rapid prototyping(原型技术) enabled by bioprinting is pushing medical advances
forward at pace.
1．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Cells. B．Bioinks.
C．Nutrients. D．Biological stands.
2．What should we pay attention to when using bioprinting?
A．The sort of human organs.
B．The thickness of bioinks.
C．The force of squeezing.
D．The order of cells.
3．What can we infer from the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?
A．The process of bioprinting is practical.
B．Bioreactor systems tend not to damage cells.
C．Most 3D printers limit the biological materials.
D．Laser-assisted bioprinting can produce much tissue.
4．Which is the suitable title for the passage?
A．Bioprinting Cures Diseases of People
B．Bioprinting Is Similar to 3D Printing
C．Bioprinting Gets Care from SocietyD．Bioprinting Has Much Potential
B
Human innovation(创新) has allowed people to explore space for decades.Within a space
station，astronauts have enough air，food and water to complete missions of a year or longer
without a resupply.But missions to further reaches of space are a different matter.Establishing a
base on the moon or sending humans to Mars seems just on the horizon.That can only happen if
innovative and foolproof ways are developed to supply humans with enough air，water and food.
One company，Interstellar Labs，has developed an advanced，closed loop system that can
grow plants anywhere，even in space.They call their AI managed greenhouses BioPods and they
are designed to be very efficient.In fact，Interstellar Labs claims that BioPods reduce the amount
of land and water needed to produce food by 99 percent.That is not an impossible claim.BioPods
don’t use any soil to grow plants，and the vast majority of water is recycled and recirculated.
Plants are grown inside BioPods using aeroponics，the practice of hanging plants in the air
and spraying a mist of nutrient-rich water on their roots.By using aeroponics，the BioPod system
carefully conserves water with amazing results.According to Interstellar labs，BioPod-grown
plants are up to 300 times more productive than traditionally grown plants，using only a small
amount of water.
The conditions inside of a BioPod are controlled by AI，which can change anything from the
lighting to the temperature and humidity to maximize growth.This optimizes(使最优化) growing
conditions no matter what the environment is outside，including the emptiness of space.
The BioPods themselves can be built in almost any environment，too.The pod’s structure is
made with a 3D printer using raw materials in liquid form.The inside part is sealed with an
inflatable membrane(充气膜) that is also 3D-printed.This means that a BioPod could be built right
on the surface of the moon or Mars，making transporting a large structure unnecessary.
Like most technologies developed for space exploration，BioPods can also be used on Earth
to provide highly efficient food production systems even in the harshest environments.
5．In writing paragraph 1，the author aims to ________.
A．present a topic
B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion
D．propose a definition
6．Which of the following best describes BioPods?
A．They are widely used for space exploration.
B．They are highly productive and efficient greenhouses.
C．They are easy to operate without need for soil or water.
D．They are designed to be used in harsh environments on Earth.
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Food Consumption in Space Station
B．Space Exploration with BioPods
C．Growing Food in Space Pods
D．3D Printers Used in Space Lab
8．What is the writer’s attitude to the BioPods?
A．Positive. B．Cautious.
C．Ambiguous. D．Disapproving.
