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第 8 讲 体裁微解——议论文
议论文，也叫说理文，是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者
通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非等方法，来确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张。
议论文的三要素是论点、论据和论证。论点是一篇文章的灵魂、统帅；论据是支撑论点的材
料；论证是用论据来证明论点的方法和过程。主要具有以下特点：
主要选自一些外国期刊，如News Week，Times，Business Week，The
选材
Economist；主要是中外广泛关注的社会话题和热点问题。
内容包罗万象，社会生活类占据了绝大部分。作者通过摆事实、列数字等方法
内容 论证论点，目的是说服他人、宣扬观点，或者说服读者接受某种意见或采取某
种行动。文章中会出现生僻词汇和长难句。
结构 大多以“总—分—总”的结构行文，即“提出问题—分析问题—解决问题”。
语言 议论文一般观点明确、论据充分、语言精练、论证合理，有严密的逻辑性。
议论文难度相对比较大，命题角度呈多样化，如细节理解题、推理判断题、主
命题
旨大意题等。
高考英语议论文设题广泛，细节理解题、推理判断题、词句猜测题、主旨大意题都有可
能出现，因此，在阅读议论文时，应该从结构和内容两方面同时入手，先通读原文，再区分
事实和观点，明确论点、论证和论据，明了作者最后得出的结论。具体答题策略如下：(2021·天津3月·D)
There is something to be said for being a generalist，even if you are a specialist.Knowing a
little about a lot of things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole，well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize，to become experts.This requires commitment to a particular
occupation，branch of study or research.The drawback to being specialists is we often come to
know more and more about less and less.There is a great deal of pressure to master one’s
field.You may pursue training，degrees，or increasing levels of responsibility at work.Then you
discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.But such
commitment can also weaken a sense of freedom.These specialists could work at the office until ten
each night，then look back and realize they would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the
sweetness of their family and friends ，or traveled to exciting places ，meeting interesting
people.Mastering one thing to the exclusion(排除) of others can hold back your true spirit.
Generalists，on the other hand，know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the
whole with all its connections.They are people of ability，talent，and enthusiasm who can bring
their broad perspective(视角) into specific fields of expertise(专长)．The doctor who is also a poet
and philosopher is a superior doctor，one who can give so much more to his patients than just
good medical skills.
Things are connected.Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related
areas.Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but，once you explore their depths，
you discover that they are.My editor Toni，who is also a writer，has edited several history
books.She has decided to study Chinese history.Fascinated by the structural beauty of the
Forbidden City as a painter，she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.“I
don’t know where it will lead，but I’m excited I’m on this pursuit.”
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives.We begin to see the
interconnectedness of one thing to another in all aspects of our life ，of ourselves and the
universe.Develop broad，general knowledge and experience.The universe is all yours to explore
and enjoy.
51．To become a specialist，one may have to ______.
A．narrow his range of knowledge
B．avoid responsibilities at work
C．know more about the society
D．broaden his perspective on life
52．The specialists mentioned in paragraph 3 tend to ________.
A．treasure their freedomB．travel around the world
C．spend most time working
D．enjoy meeting funny people
53．According to the author，a superior doctor is one who ________.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．should love poetry and philosophy
D．brings knowledge of other fields to work
54．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?
A．Passion alone does not ensure a person’s success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
55．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist or Generalist：Hard to Decide
C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D．Ways to Become a Generalist
A
If having to make a choice between reading an e-book and a printed book，which would most
people choose？Some would go for an e-book while some still prefer the hard-printed book.
Undoubtedly，e-books do have benefits.Firstly，changes to an electronic publication are
relatively easy to make.They are quicker to obtain.E-books are more easily updated.The printed
books on many subjects can become outdated very quickly.Secondly，e-books can be easily and
quickly kept up to date.You usually get far more than just the e-books.Most e-books are sold with
bonuses and related information that usually do not come with the purchase of a printed
book.Moreover，they take up less space.Instead of a big library，you can fit literally thousands of
books on your computer.It also makes it easier to share this information with families and friends.
For nearly twenty years，additionally，futurists have been predicting the development of
printed books.The conventional view has been that digital e-books are on the verge of replacing
paper books.However，this has not been the case.A printed book has its advantages too.Firstly，it
is an object that can be carried and used alone.It needs no electric outlet(插座)，no batteries，
nothing.Secondly，e-books will always require some forms of support that the printed book does
not need.
I believe that the online publishing has not taken off because people want real books.What isbeing published online more and more are pamphlets(小册子) and things that really do not need to
be in print.These are stuff that people throw away afterward.More often，people do not want to
read a book on the computer.What could be better than a paper book？It lasts a long time.These
books are designed to last a long time without disappearing.
To sum up，there is no denying that the printed book is still very much preferred over its
digital cousins.Reading electronic publications is just not the same when it comes to books.People
are still very interested in real books and notebooks.
1．What can we know about an e-book?
A．It will never be out of date.
B．It always gives you an added bonus.
C．It can deliver information quickly.
D．It has taken the place of printed books.
2．Which statement would futurists probably agree with?
A．Printed books will disappear.
B．Printed books can be used alone.
C．E-books have many restrictions.
D．E-books have no drawbacks.
3．What is one cause of the failed online publishing?
A．The low demand for book industry.
B．The expectations from people.
C．The guidance of policy.
D．The desire for the printed books.
4．What does the author think of the future of the printed book?
A．Hopeless. B．Unpredictable.
C．Costly. D．Promising.
B
“Mirror，mirror on the wall.Who’s the prettiest of them all？” Everyone is.Including
you.No matter what TikTok’s beauty trends want you to believe.
The popular video-sharing platform needs no introduction.Anyone in the world can create
anything and post it on the widespread platform.But what happens when more and more fault-
finding contents—especially in regard to people’s looks—are created?
“You’re attractive if you have 8 to 10 teeth showing when you smile.”
“Apparently，this filter(滤镜) shows how good your eyebrows look.”
“Use this effect to adjust the size of your features.”
We are born with a tendency to follow the crowd to gain approval.As a result，we look at the
huge number of views on these posts and think following these trends is the right thing to do.So we
hurriedly download the filters or rush to the mirror to pretend to smile broadly and curiously countour teeth.
Media has been keeping western beauty standards for generations and has failed to consider
that different cultures and countries have their own beauty standards.You might not believe it，but
I find dark circles(the proof you worked hard until late at night) and scars(the proof that you’ve
survived battles) beautiful.And I’m sure there are plenty of others who do，too.
TikTok beauty standards sort people into groups according to the sizes of their noses，
foreheads，or lips.They judge a person by their looks.Actually，people are whole individuals with
far more interesting qualities than their forehead size.
It’s the way your eyes light up when talking about your favorite book or the way you take
care of your sad friend that makes you beautiful.As we age and grow wrinkles，it’s the things we
did that we’ll be remembered for，not what we looked like 20 years ago.Trust me，no one’s
actually counting and committing to memory how many teeth are in your smile.
5．Why is the famous line from a story used at the beginning of the passage?
A．To remind readers of the magic mirror.
B．To make the beginning understandable.
C．To introduce the author’s beauty attitude.
D．To display popular belief towards TikTok.
6．Why do we follow the beauty trends according to the passage?
A．To get acceptance.
B．To satisfy curiosity.
C．To put on more posts.
D．To create a better self.
7．What is beautiful according to the author?
A．Scars from a bar fighting.
B．Dark circles from playing games.
C．Eyebrows shown through the filter.
D．A lame leg from saving a child in a fire.
8．What can be a suitable title for the passage?
A．Worrying Future for TikTok Followers
B．Unique Beauty Standards on TikTok
C．Harmful TikTok Beauty Trends
D．Dangerous TikTok Platform
