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第 6 讲 体裁微解——记叙文
记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为表达方式的文章。一篇记叙
文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和过程，表达作者的某
种情感。主要具有以下特点：
选材 新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。
记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按
内容
事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。
形式 顺叙、倒叙、插叙。
一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记
语言 叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一
个明显的语言特征。
命题 主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。
高考英语记叙文设题主要集中在细节理解题和推理判断题，因此，阅读这类文章时，应
该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的
先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物
的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别
要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。具体答题策略如下：
策略指导 技法解读
何人、何时、何地，因何原因做了何事，结果如何，有何启示或感
弄清六要素
想。
弄清写作目的 证明一个观点；赞美某种美德；谴责某种罪恶；提供娱乐。
关注开头和结尾 把握事情的动向，尾段经常是主题的升华所在。
关注情感主线 分析事情的发展脉络，弄清人物关系，透析文章的情感主线。
(2022·浙江1月·A)
For nearly a decade now，Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist.Her pet
transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机) in the late 2000s.The downturn hit the real
estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke
and left her looking for a new job.One day，while driving near her home，she saw a dogwandering on the road，clearly lost.She took it home，and her sister in Denver agreed to take
it.This was a loving home for sure，but 1，600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth to
decide to drive the dog there herself.It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth’s pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust.It has taken her to every state in the
US except Montana，Washington and Oregon，she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new
place，she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has
driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming，heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total
whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father，she says.He moved their family from Canada to
California when she was one year old，because he wanted them to explore a new place together.As
soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the California
coast，away from her parents，where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30，000 per year before tax.She
doesn’t work in summer，as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car，even with
air conditioning.As autumn comes，she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning.It’s a
call she must handle alone，though.Merebeth says，“When I’m on the road I’m just in my
own world.I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help
animals.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述Merebeth从事的新工作。近十年来，她一直是一
名自营宠物运输专家。
21．Why did Merebeth change her job?
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The downturn hit the real estate(房地产) firm where she
had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new
job.”可知，Merebeth之所以换工作，是因为她以前的雇主破产了。故选D。
22．The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to .
A．make money
B．try various jobs
C．be close to nature
D．travel to different places
答案 D解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词后两句“她自豪地说，除了蒙大拿州、华盛顿州和俄
勒冈州，她走遍了美国所有的州。如果她想去一个新的地方，她只需要在那里找到一个有运
输需要的宠物。 她风雨无阻地旅行。”可知，画线词的意思是“渴望去不同的地方旅行”。
故选D。
23．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“When I’m on the road I’m just in my own
world.I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help animals.”可
知，Merebeth在她的新工作中一直都是靠自己。故选C。
A
(2022·安徽鼎尖联盟联考)
Reilly，my daughter’s yellow Labrador Retriever，enjoys life in the country.He’s
friendly，playful and intelligent.Reilly has an active lifestyle.But he’s built like a tank as a
foodie.Reilly watches every piece that goes from our hands to our mouths.Drop it，and we don’t
stand a chance of beating him to it.It’s gone in one swallow.
If we’re preparing dinner and ignoring him，he catches the edge of his wide-mouthed
cheese-ball far with his jaws into the kitchen.His hope is that someone will drop doggie treats in his
jar.He drops it with a loud noise onto the hardwood floor.Reilly’s hungry，you see.He’s always
hungry.Nobody will refuse to treat him.Then he will take the jar away and drop it on the floor so
that the treats bounce out，and he throws himself onto them as fast as lightning.He loves this
game!
One day，Reilly disappeared，and my daughter Erin didn’t know where he went.He isn’t
allowed to leave the yard，and usually he doesn’t.But he did that day.Erin was worried and
walked to neighbors’ homes looking for him.No Reilly.Some time later，the big dog was
back...and not empty-handed.In his huge mouth was a delicious roast beef，still warm.Erin felt
lightheaded.Whose dinner was this？Where did he get it？What would people think when they
went outdoors and found their grill empty and their roast gone?
Nobody seemed to know a thing about it.One big yellow Lab knew，of course，but he
wasn’t talking.“Oh，Reilly，what have you done？” my daughter said.To this day，not a
single neighbor has reported such a theft.语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者女儿Erin的爱犬Reilly非常喜欢吃东西，一次
Reilly独自出门，回来时嘴里叼着一块热乎的牛肉，主人至今不知道这块牛肉是怎么来的。
1．What is Reilly like?
A．He is clumsy.
B．He is aggressive.
C．He has a huge weight.
D．He always follows orders.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的第四句“But he’s built like a tank as a foodie.”可推知，
它的身材像一辆坦克，所以肯定很重。故选C。
2．How does Reilly manage to get food from the kitchen?
A．By making loud noise with its jar.
B．By jumping onto the food quickly.
C．By dropping himself onto the floor.
D．By barking at the person who is cooking.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四、五句可知，Reilly 通过把自己的罐子扔在地上发
出声响，来告诉做饭的人它饿了，做饭的人总会给它食物。故选A。
3．What does the underlined word “lightheaded”in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Relieved. B．Confused.
C．Recharged. D．Clearheaded.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词的上文“In his huge mouth was a delicious roast beef，still
warm.”和下文“Whose dinner was this？Where did he get it？What would people...empty and
their roast gone？”可知，当Erin看到Reilly嘴里叼着一块热乎的牛肉回来，心里想到很多
问题，说明她感到“困惑”。confused意为“困惑的”。故选B。
4．What can be known about the beef?
A．It was a treat from Erin.
B．Reilly stole it from a thief.
C．Its source remains a mystery.
D．Reilly refused to tell its truth.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，似乎没有人知道这件事，时至今日，没有一位邻居
提过失窃。由此可推知，这块牛肉来自哪里仍然是个谜。故选C。B
Cimabue，the greatest painter of the Middle Ages in Italy，was surprised one day after his
lunch break to discover that a fly had seated itself under the nose of a character that he had been
working on.He swatted(重拍) at the fly，but it did not move.He reached out to touch the insect，
only to find it was only wet paint.Turning around，he saw that his apprentice(学徒)，Giotto，was
laughing.Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away，and it looked so real that Cimabue
had been completely fooled.
Giotto di Bondone was born into a poor family in a village.Legend has it that one day，when
Cimabue was wandering around the countryside，he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing
pictures of his sheep，which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to
Florence and learn how to paint.That was how Giotto’s story began in Florence，where the
young student flourished under Cimabue’s instruction and soon surpassed his master in skill.
At that time，people in paintings didn’t look real，and the symbolism of art was difficult
for viewers to connect with it.Innovation(创新) was not stressed，so art had remained the same for
hundreds of years.
However，Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more
realistic way.His masterpieces included the forty major frescoes( 壁 画 ) for the Arena
Chapel.Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then，he painted people the way he saw
them，instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted.He created three-
dimensional space by using perspective，something that had not been done since Roman times.
In addition to painting，Giotto wrote poetry and drew architectural plans.When Giotto was in
his sixties，he painted the Ognissanti Madonna，another famous work of art.He continued
working until the age of seventy.The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life
revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了意大利伟大的画家乔托·迪·邦多纳，他给绘画
注入的思想彻底改变了艺术界，还使他成为有史以来最伟大的画家之一。
5．What does the anecdote in paragraph 1 tell us about Giotto?
A．His humor. B．His talent.
C．His courage. D．His determination.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容，尤其是最后一句可知，有一次乔托趁契马布埃不在时
偷偷在他所画的人物脸蛋上画了一只栩栩如生的苍蝇。当契马布埃回来后，他信以为真，多
次尝试将这只烦人的“苍蝇”赶走。这件轶事主要告诉我们乔托的才能。故选B。
6．How did Cimabue feel about Giotto’s painting when they first met?
A．Impressed. B．Hesitant.C．Doubtful. D．Amused.
答案 A
解析 观点态度题。根据第二段第二句可知，契马布埃第一次见乔托时，对他的画感到印象
深刻。故选A。
7．What made Giotto’s works distinguished at that time?
A．Vivid colors.
B．Classic skills.
C．Original composition.
D．Lifelike quality.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句、第四段第一句和第三句可知，乔托的画因逼真的特
点而与众不同。故选D。
8．Which of the following best summarizes Giotto’s story?
A．Great minds think alike.
B．Innovation is the vitality of art.
C．Constant dripping wears away a stone.
D．A slow sparrow should make an early start.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，当时的艺术因没有创新而止步不前，结合第四
段第三句的“Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then”及最后一段最后一句可知，
最能总结乔托的故事的是B项“创新是艺术的生命力”。故选B。
强化练(十二) 记叙文
A
When clouds of radiation began streaming into the air around the Fukushima nuclear plant，
160,000 residents were told to simply cut and run.However，it seems only 159,998 residents
listened.The other two—Naoto Matsumura and Sakae Kato—remained.The two men would give up
everything rather than let other beings starve.
Living within the 12.5-mile exclusion zone around the damaged reactor，the two men，
unrelated to one another，both live alone while taking care of dozens of animals that were left
behind when the evacuation order was given.
Reports from Reuters and DW state that 57-year-old Kato has 41 cats who live with him in his
home in the mountains—along with a dog he adopted named Pochi.Kato says he will stay with his
cats and ensure they are comfortable all through their lives.Matsumura left the city at first ， but returned shortly after for his own animals.Once
returned，the now 55-year-old realized that everyone else’s pets and livestock were still there，
so he began taking care of a broad community of animals including pigs，cats，dogs，ponies，
ostriches，and cows.
GNN reported that he went back inside the exclusion zone and realized local pet dogs had not
eaten in several days.After it became clear that no one was coming back to the neighborhood，he
went around unchaining dogs from trees，letting cows out of their barns，and feeding anything in
need，earning him the nickname the “Guardian of Fukushima’s Animals”．
Everything both Kato and Matsumura are doing is risky.Though proud of what Kato and
Matsumura have done，their friends and families hope that they can leave the dangerous area.Yet
they seem to be determined in what they are doing and both plan to stay there with their animals，
come what may.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。福岛的两个当地居民甘愿留在核泄漏的禁区里照料被遗弃的动
物，虽然其家人不赞同这样做，但他们决定无论如何也要跟这些动物待在一起。
1．What does the phrase “other beings” in paragraph 1 probably refer to?
A．Animals. B．People.
C．Plants. D．Residents.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，这两个人照顾留在核污染区的许多动物，所以画线部
分指代的是动物。故选A。
2．What kind of person is Sakae Kato?
A．Curious. B．Caring.
C．Ambitious. D．Lonely.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，Kato不仅照顾自己的猫，还照顾领养的狗，确保它
们一生都过得舒适，这说明他是一个有爱心的人。故选B。
3．What do we know about Naoto Matsumura?
A．He is 57 years old.
B．He knows Kato very well.
C．He has dozens of animals to look after.
D．He lives 12.5 miles from the exclusion zone.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段和第四段最后一句可知，Naoto Matsumura照顾着几十只猫、
狗等动物。故选C。
4．What can we infer about the two men from the text?A．They will follow the advice of their families.
B．They will call on more people to protect animals.
C．They stay in the mountains to enjoy loneliness.
D．They have no regard for their own safety.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段和最后一段可知，辐射区对人是有危害的，但这两个人依然
待在里面照顾各种动物。家人和朋友希望他们离开，但他们依然不顾自身安危决定留下来。
故选D。
B
On January 22，2022，the British-Belgian，19-year-old Zara Rutherford，successfully
landed her two-seat microlight aircraft back at the Kortrijk-Wevelgem Airport，from where she
had departed 155 days ago，fulfilling her dream to be the youngest woman to fly around the world
solo.
“I feel excited not only to break the Guinness World Record，but also to diminish the
gender gap by 11 years between the current youngest male record holder Travis Ludlow，18 at the
time of his record，and the previous female record holder Shaesta Waez，who was 30 when she
completed her ‘Dreams Soar’ around-the-world flight，” Rutherford wrote on her blog.
Rutherford’s journey crossing five continents and 52 countries began on August 18，
2021.She encountered numerous unexpected delays along the way.They included an unscheduled
stop in Redding，California，due to wildfires and a month-long stop in Nome，Alaska，to renew
her Russian visa.She also faced several challenges in the air.When flying from Iceland to
Greenland，Rutherford lost radio contact with her ground team for much of the 3-hour flight.The
incidents also resulted in her having to cross over Russia in sub-zero temperatures.The hardest part
was flying over Siberia—it was extremely cold and if the engine broke down，she’d be hours
away from rescue.Despite the severe difficulties，the determined young pilot never gave up on her
dream.
Rutherford grew up around airplanes.Her British father flies commercially，while her Belgian
mother is a recreational pilot.The young girl began learning how to fly at age 14 and obtained her
aviator’s license in 2020.With her goal of flying around the world accomplished，Rutherford
now has her sights set even higher.She wants to become an astronaut and explore space.
She hopes that her journey will encourage more young women to pursue careers in
aviation.Currently the number of female pilots is just 5 percent.Rutherford says，“It’s an easy
thing to say，but just go for it.If you don’t try and see how high you can fly，then you’ll never
know.”
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Zara Rutherford成功实现了她成为最年轻的完成
单人环球飞行的女性的梦想以及她在旅程中遇到的一些挑战。5．What does the underlined word “diminish” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Narrow. B．Divide.
C．Fill. D．Cause.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段可知，Rutherford不仅打破了吉尼斯世界纪录，还将目前最
年轻的男性纪录保持者Travis Ludlow和前女性纪录保持者之间的性别差距缩小了 11岁。
Ludlow创造世界纪录时只有18岁，而之前的女性纪录保持者Shaesta Waez在完成“梦想翱
翔”环球飞行时已经30岁。故画线词的意思是“缩小”。故选A。
6．Why did Rutherford have to stop in Nome?
A．The wildfires were too fierce.
B．Her Russian visa was due.
C．The weather was too severe.
D．Her engine broke down.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句可知，Rutherford要在诺姆停留是因为她的俄罗斯签
证到期了。故选B。
7．What’s the purpose of paragraph 4?
A．To switch to a new topic.
B．To summarize her achievements.
C．To illustrate her admirable talents.
D．To add some background information.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段可推知，第四段的目的是增加Rutherford的一些背景信息。
故选D。
8．What does the passage try to convey?
A．Life is not all roses.
B．Dream big，aim high.
C．Not to advance is to go back.
D．The greatest talkers，the least doers.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段以及最后一段最后一句并结合文章主要内容可推知，文章想
表达“梦想远大，目标远大”的思想。故选B。
C
Nowadays mail delivery is a little different.I still get my mail from my mailbox.Nothing but
my neighbors’ mail.I thought that was curious.I proceeded to take my neighbors’ mail to them.I was about to put the mail in their mailbox
when a tall man came running out ， shouting about messing with his friend’ s mail.He
snatched( 夺 过 ) the mail from my hand ， opened the mailbox and pointed to the mail
inside，“You were after this.”
I shook my head，“No，believe me.I got this mail by mistake in my box today.I was just
bringing it to them.”He gave me a funny look and went back into his house.
I got the knock on the door the next morning by two very polite officers.The annoyed tall man
had phoned the police and told them I was a crazy old woman going around mixing up everyone’s
mail.Before I could finish telling them about what was going on，the officers had watched a dog
approach my mailbox with mail in his mouth.He took out the mail that was in my box and put
letters in.He pushed the door closed with his nose，picked up the new pile of mail he had gotten
from my box，and repeated this all the way down the next street.We all started laughing.
The dog had belonged to a mail carrier who had died.No one thought to check (the carrier
lived alone) on the man’s dog.The dog had been trained to put mail in and take mail out of the
boxes.When he got loose，he assumed his duties.
I went by to talk to the annoyed tall man to fill him in on what had happened.He was very
pleased when he realized I was not a mail thief.He did，however，adopt the little guy.
语篇解读 文章为一篇记叙文。主要围绕作者和邻居的误会展开，讲述了由一只小狗引起的
信件乌龙事件。
9．Why did the tall man give the author a funny look?
A．To show his disbelief.
B．To express his curiosity.
C．To contain his annoyance.
D．To hide his embarrassment.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句和第四段第一、二句可知，那位男子不相信作者的解
释，选择了报警。故选A。
10．How did the police officers discover the truth?
A．By analyzing the case.
B．By witnessing the mix-up.
C．By questioning the author.
D．By consulting the tall man.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第三、四、五句可知，警察在上门调查时撞见并目睹了那只
狗取信件和放信件的全过程，由此发现了真相，故选B。11．According to the story，the dog .
A．was well-trained and devoted
B．used to live a lonely and busy life
C．was assigned to replace the carrier
D．guarded the mail in the neighborhood
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段可知，这只狗受过训练会取放信件。在邮递员去世后，
它依旧履行职责，可见它是一只训练有素且忠诚的狗，故选A。
12．What’s the best title for the story?
A．A Mail Service B．A Dog’s Tale
C．Special Delivery D．Noble Duties
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。文章主要围绕作者和邻居因为一封信件而产生的误会展开，讲述了由一
只小狗引起的信件投递乌龙事件。中心主要围绕送信一事，故选C。
