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阅读是我国考生学习和使用外语最主要的途径，因此，阅读理解在试卷中所占比重较大。
该部分要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如：公告、说明、广告以
及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1.理解主旨要义；2.理解文中具
体信息；3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；4.根据所读内容做出判断和理解；5.理清文
章的基本结构；6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
题目类型
年份 卷别 体裁 细节 推理 词句 主旨 命题专家谈高考
理解 判断 猜测 大意
应用文·夹叙夹议文 1.文章题材丰富
全国乙卷 7 6 1 1
说明文·说明文 英语试卷中所有
应用文·说明文 语篇都围绕“人
2022 全国甲卷 9 2 1 3
记叙文·夹叙夹议文 与自我”“人与
社会”以及“人
新高考 应用文·说明文
6 7 1 1
与自然”三大主
全国Ⅰ卷 说明文·说明文
题语境，题材涉
应用文·说明文
全国乙卷 7 5 1 2 及故事、科普、
记叙文·说明文
人文、社会现
说明文·说明文
2021 全国甲卷 6 6 1 2 象、文化活动
记叙文·议论文
等。
新高考 应用文·记叙文
9 3 1 2
2.短文体裁广泛
全国Ⅰ卷 说明文·议论文
短文体裁包括记
应用文·夹叙夹议文
叙文、说明文、
全国Ⅰ卷 7 5 1 2
说明文·说明文
议论文、应用文
应用文·说明文 和新闻报道等。
全国Ⅱ卷 10 1 2 2
说明文·记叙文 3.题型分布不均
2020
应用文·记叙文 近3年全国卷高考
全国Ⅲ卷 8 3 1 3
说明文·说明文 阅读理解以突出
考查考生理解和
新高考 应用文·记叙文
6 5 2 2 运用语言解决问
全国Ⅰ卷 说明文·说明文
题的基本能力。以考查细节理
解、推理判断为
主，以考查词句
猜测、主旨大意
为辅。
4.语篇特点鲜明
(1)原汁原味：高
考语篇一般选自
各大主流英文报
刊和媒体网站，
新材料尽量原汁
原味。
根据表格分析可知，近年来阅读理解体裁以应用文、记叙文和说明文为主，议论文和新
闻报道为辅，其中科普知识类和生态环保类的说明文更是考生的难题；题型考查中细节理解
和推理判断题所占比重较大，词句猜测和主旨大意题所占比重较小。各类阅读理解中的长难
句日益增多，因此，在复习备考中，我们应该着重从题型、体裁和微技能三方面进行高效复
习。
第 1 讲 题型突破——细节理解题
细节理解题相对比较简单，但在高考阅读理解中占了 60%的比重。细节理解题常分为直接信息题、间接信息题、数字计算题、细节排序题和正误判断题。分析近三年的高考真题
可知：直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点，其他皆为低频考点。
设问方式
1．特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词引出
问题。
2．判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true或EXCEPT等的判断是非问题。此时要注
意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。
3．以“According to...”开头的提问形式。
4．填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from ________.
选项特征
技法一 直接信息题
——定位比对找答案
直接信息题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书
籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以 5W1H(what，who，when，where，why
和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。
解此类试题常用“定位比对”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ·A片段)
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it
is late.If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date，it will earn a zero.Daily assignments
not completed during class will get a zero.Short writings missed as a result of an excused absencewill be accepted.
23．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A．You will receive a zero.
B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test.
D．You will have to rewrite it.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。一、在题干中标注定位词submit an essay one week after the due date，二、
在原文中找出信息句，即 Late Work部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due
date，it will earn a zero”，三、比对选项与信息句，可知答案为A。
技法二 间接信息题
——同义转换定答案
间接信息题常在记叙文、说明文或议论文中考查，会涉及“人与自我”“人与社会”和
“人与自然”三大主题语境。
设问方式
1．According to the author/passage，...
2．What can we learn about...?
此类试题相比直接信息题，命题的隐蔽性更强，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改
造。解答间接信息题时，要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两
个特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意
思；二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命
题人设置的陷阱中。
解此类试题常用“同义转换”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·B片段)
Goffin’s cockatoos，a kind of small parrot native to Australasia，have been shown to have
similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old.Though not known to use tools in the
wild，the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage.In a recent experiment，
cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it.The clear front of the box had a
“keyhole” in a geometric shape，and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” tochoose from.Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.
24．How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?
A．By following instructions.
B．By using a tool.
C．By turning the box around.
D．By removing the lid.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。一读题干，锁定关键词，即 How，get the nut；二扫原文，锁定信息区
间，即第一段中的“Though not known to use tools in the wild，the birds have proved skilful at
tool use while kept in the cage.”和“...the birds were given five differently shaped ‘keys’ to
choose from.Inserting the correct ‘key’ would let out the nut.”，B项是对信息区间的同义
描述，即在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。
技法三 数字计算题
——整合推算得答案
数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说，计算
量都比较小，容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这
些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解，从这个角度上讲，理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类
题的关键。数字计算题的话题有：1.广告类；2.故事类；3.科普知识类；4.史地自然类；5.文
化教育类。设问方式以when，in which year，how many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。
解此类试题常用“整合推算”法。解题流程如下：
(2022·全国乙·A片段)
Admission
￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free.
22．How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission?
A．￡4. B．￡8.
C．￡12. D．￡16.
答案 B解析 数字计算题。一读题干寻找关键词 a couple with two children under 12，二在
Admission部分中标记￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free，
三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免
费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。
A
(外刊阅读·原创题) 选自(https：//www.nowtolove.com.au/news/real-life/vitiligo-aboriginal-
model-65734)
The afternoon sun shone down on my daughter，Syriah，13，while I painted.I watched as
the warm rays lit up her skin，creating a beautiful pattern.But Syriah was born with vitiligo，a
condition that causes the loss of skin colour in patches(小块) all over her body.
Although a lot of people with vitiligo struggle with confidence issues，Syriah was not one of
them，comfortable from the moment it started showing at four years old.It was inspiring.The older
she got，the more she told me about her hobby of modelling but living in a small town，it
wasn’t easy.
Painting had always been a big part of my life.Although I did it for fun，people were always
asking me if my works were for sale.Then I decided to go for it，making a Facebook page to sell
my creations.I wanted to set up a legacy(遗产) for my kids and help build them something for their
future.
One day，I received a message from a woman named Ana.Interested，I contacted her and she
explained she was the creator of London Pacific Fashion Week，an event where designers can
launch their brands during London Fashion Week.“I want you to create a fashion line for a runway
show，” she said，explaining that they’d get to search for their own models too.
Suddenly，I thought of Syriah’s modelling ambition.What if this could get her started? Soon
after，Ana connected with me on Facebook and came across the photos I’d taken of Syriah.
“How would you feel about your daughter modelling in the show? I love her smile with
confidence！”she messaged.
“Yes！”I replied excitedly，“that’s her dream！”
When I told my girl the news，she cried with excitement.
Now，we can’t wait for Syriah’s first modelling performance.Hopefully her image will
make a difference to girls，just like her，who’ve never seen people like them represented in the
fashion industry.She’ll show everyone that beauty comes in many forms.
1．What can we learn about Syriah?
A．She showed potential for painting.
B．She was not confident enough.
C．She suffered from a skin disease.D．She got sick of rural life.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，Syriah天生患有白癜风，这种疾病导致全身皮
肤的颜色一块块地脱落，由此可知，她患有一种皮肤病，故选C。
2．Why did the author choose to sell her paintings?
A．To finance her future generation.
B．To gain wide recognition.
C．To become a Facebook hit.
D．To donate money for the disabled.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，作者想为她的孩子留下一些遗产，并为他们
的未来准备一些东西，所以选择卖她的画，故选A。
3．Which of the following was not right?
A．Ana founded London Pacific Fashion Week.
B．Ana wanted to find some models.
C．Syriah willingly accepted Ana’s offer to be a model.
D．Syriah didn’t perform well in the fashion show.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知A项正确；根据第四段的“they’d get to search
for their own models”可知B项正确；根据倒数第二段可知C项正确；根据最后一段可知，
作者期望Syriah在时装表演周可以有好的表现，文章并没有说她表现不好。故选D。
4．Syriah got the modelling job due to ____________________________________________.
A．her beauty coming from within
B．her mother’s recommendation
C．her close relationship with Ana
D．her outstanding modelling skills
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段的“I love her smile with confidence！”可知，Syriah得
到这份模特工作是由于她自信的微笑，也就是内在的美，故选A。
B
The Empire State Building is one of the most popular attractions in New York City，both for
the tour and history of the building.Our Empire State Building facts include NYC Insider tips and
the best ways to tour this world-famous icon，whether you are short on time or budget.
Empire State Building Hours
The main entrance to the Empire State Building is on Fifth Avenue between 33rd and 34th
Streets.All visitors must use this entrance and there is often a wait just to get in the building.TheEmpire State Building Observatory is open from 8∶00 a．m.to 2∶00 a．m.7 days a week.Last
elevators go up at 1∶15 a．m.
Empire State Building Tour Facts
The ESB offers two observatories，the 86th floor and the 102nd floor.
86th Floor Observatory(indoor and outdoor)
1，050 feet(320 meters)，reached by high-speed，automatic elevators，it has a glass-
enclosed area，which is heated in winter and cooled in summer.High-powered binoculars(双筒望
远镜) are available for the convenience of visitors at a minimal cost.
102nd Floor Observatory(indoor only)
Tickets are only sold upon arrival at the Empire State Building at a cost of $15.00 in addition
to regular admission tickets.
Empire State Building Tickets
Regular—$38 adult，$32 ages 6－12，under 5 free.
Express Pass—$65 all visitors ages 6＋
Buying your tickets before you go to New York saves your time.When buying tickets，you
can opt for regular tickets or express tickets.You can also buy a discount pass for free entrance.If
you want to visit the 102nd floor，you can get tickets which include dinner at STATE Grill and
Bare.
语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了帝国大厦Empire State Building以及参观大厦
时的相关注意事项。
5．What can we learn from the second paragraph?
A．You can enter the building through three entrances.
B．A large number of visitors are attracted by the building.
C．Visitors are not allowed to take elevators after 1∶00 a．m.
D．The Empire State Building is closed on weekends.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“All visitors must use this entrance and there is often a
wait just to get in the building.”可知，到这里参观的游客必须等待，其主要原因可能是游客
数量很多。故选B。
6．What can we say about the 86th Floor Observatory?
A．It is located at a height of 1，050 meters.
B．It is a bit colder outside than inside.
C．The binoculars can be used free of charge.
D．Visitors can enjoy the view of NYC outdoors.
答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据文中的“86th Floor Observatory(indoor and outdoor)”可知，该看台
可以让游客在室内外观景，故选D。
7．How much should a couple pay if they want to visit the building with shorter waiting?
A．$76. B．$64.
C．$130. D．$103.
答案 C
解析 数字计算题。根据文中的“Express Pass—$65 all visitors ages 6＋”可知，如果想立刻
参观帝国大厦，需要购买直通票(express ticket)，每个人的费用是65美元，a couple就是130
美元。故选C。
强化练(一) 细节理解题(1)
A
Looking for a cool new book this season？TFK Kid Reporters read and reviewed some of the
best books of the year.
Yusuf Azeem is Not a Hero
Yusuf Azeem is hoping to have a great first year in middle school.Standing in his way are the
hate notes left in his locker and his struggle to find his place in a new community.Yusuf Azeem Is
Not a Hero，by Saadia Faruqi，will appeal to readers who like stories about everyday kids
overcoming challenges and finding inner strength.
Black Boy Joy
The short stories in Black Boy Joy，edited by Kwame Mbalia，celebrate the pleasures of
Black childhood.There are also stories about victories，competitions，and getting dressed for their
first day of school.Most are short ，with simple plots.People who enjoy bite-size stories of
happiness will like this collection.
Paradise on Fire
In Paradise on Fire，by Jewell Parker Rhodes，Addy is a shy，15-year-old girl who
escaped from an apartment fire that killed her parents.When a fire breaks out at the wilderness
camp，Addy knows what to do.Will Addy be able to lead her fellow campers to safety？Readers
will love the mix of suspense，action，and emotion in this book.
Chunky
Chunky was written by Yehudi Mercado.In the book，Hudi tries sports，which，however，
take him away from what he’s truly passionate about：comedy.His imaginary friend，Chunky，
appears throughout the story to help Hudi achieve his dreams.Chunky is a great book for kids who
want to read about friendship，family，and try to find where they might fit in.1．Which of the following tells about happy childhood?
A．Yusuf Azeem is Not a Hero.
B．Black Boy Joy.
C．Paradise on Fire.
D．Chunky.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据Black Boy Joy部分中的第一句可知，Black Boy Joy讲述了快乐的
童年。故选B。
2．What is the book by Jewell Parker Rhodes about?
A．A girl trying to escape from danger.
B．A boy suffering at school.
C．A boy participating in a summer camp.
D．A girl taking an interest in comedy.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，Jewell Parker Rhodes写的书是关于一个试
图逃离危险的女孩的故事。故选A。
3．Who is Chunky in the book?
A．A comedian. B．Hudi’s classmate.
C．A shy boy. D．An unreal friend.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句可知，书中的 Chunky 是一个虚构的朋友。
imaginary和unreal同义，故选D。
B
Despite Kyle Tianshi being only a 15-year-old US high schooler，he has published five sci-fi
novels.His fifth book Eventide was released in July.However ， this may not be his most
impressive achievement as Kyle just received the “Hero Award”，a $20，000 grand prize.It is
the top honor in the California Youth Sustainability Awards.The competition aims to encourage and
support young community leaders who are making a difference for sustainability in their
communities by taking action for the planet.
Kyle，a sophomore from the Cambridge School in the US，received the honor for his
portable invention called NEREID.The device can detect microscopic particles(粒子) in water by
using a laser and microscope.These particles can be harmful to people and the environment.
Kyle came up with the idea for the invention based on his experience growing up in San
Diego，California，US.People had no access to unpolluted drinking water and his parents asked
him not to drink tap water.Kyle spent about $60 buying the tools needed to analyze the tap water：
a laser，a microscope and a micro-computer.“It’s incredibly powerful for the price，”Kylesaid.Then he used their family’s garage as his laboratory，doing research on the pollution of
drinking water caused by micro-plastics.
Kyle hopes to bring to market a low-cost alternative tool for detecting micro-plastic pollution
levels in drinking water.In this way，he can offer help to people who don’t have access to water
filtration(过滤) systems.He has applied for a patent.
Kyle said his sister Emily，a freshman at Stanford University，inspired his interest in
environmental research.She was recognized nationally for developing a water collection
device.They have founded the Clearwater Innovation program to advocate for clean water through
social media platforms and organize community cleanup events.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了15岁的Kyle Tianshi发明了能够检测水中有害
的微观粒子的设备，获得了加州青年可持续发展奖的最高荣誉。
4．What do we know about Kyle?
A．He is good at adapting sci-fi works.
B．He entered many novel contests.
C．He received an award for his invention.
D．He’s found microscopic particles in water.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Kyle因他的发明而获奖。故选C。
5．What led to Kyle’s creation of NEREID?
A．People’s lack of clean drinking water.
B．People’s poor living conditions.
C．His desire to be a community leader.
D．His family’s encouragement.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，Kyle发明NEREID是由于人们缺乏干净的饮
用水。故选A。
6．Which of the following best describes Kyle?
A．Considerate and brave.
B．Optimistic and honest.
C．Determined and humorous.
D．Responsible and creative.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据文章内容，结合第二段第一句及文章最后一句可知，Kyle发明了
NEREID，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，并通过实际行动倡导清洁用水，保护环境，因此
他既有责任心又有创意，故选D。7．What’s the text mainly about?
A．The introduction to NEREID.
B．A boy’s contribution to literature.
C．The harm of polluted water.
D．A US schooler’s water solution.
答案 D
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第二段第一句可知，文章主要讲述15岁的Kyle Tianshi
发明了能够检测水中有害的微观粒子的设备，使人们能够喝到干净的饮用水，还创立清水创
新项目，倡导清洁用水，故D项“一位美国学生对于水的解决方案”能够概括文章大意。
故选D。
C
The global population growing，the climate is warming，and，no surprise，the demand for
energy is steadily increasing.We need to use less energy in any way that we can.
German design student Tobias Tribenbacher，from the University of the Arts Berlin，has
created a street light called Papilio in response to global sustainability initiatives，saying that he
initially chose to create a city-facing street light due to such lights’ role in tight pollution.
Papilio can be mounted to walls or set up as a freestanding lantern.The lamp should ideally be
placed between three to six metres above ground，where ground-level winds are the strongest.The
lamp is shaped like a pinwheel that acts as a wind turbine(涡轮)，catching the wind to produce its
own energy.It also has a rechargeable battery that stores electricity，so the lamp can operate even
on less windy days.
Another key component of the lamp is the light itself.The warm-colored light doesn’t draw
the attention of insects，and it uses an infrared(红外线的) sensor so that the light is only started by
nearby motion，reducing its contribution to light pollution.
Aside from saving public space and beautifying streets，the street light’s design is also a
visual signal of clean energy in action.“Design not only determines how street lights are
working.It can also shape our attitude towards them and consequently affect how we use
them，”Tobias Tribenbacher says.“Because energy creation is often an invisible process，
projects such as these help the production of electricity become comprehensible.”
The lamp’s ability to change wind power into electricity can also be a huge benefit to
naturally windy areas.And since it doesn’t require any electrical infrastructure(基础设施)，there
will be an opportunity to fix the street lights in remote settings or places where infrastructure
innovations can be cost-prohibitive.
Just as lanterns create the character of streets and squares，Papilio is envisioned as a public
sustainability statement that motivates residents to take part in transforming our cities into climate-
friendly，future-proof environments.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型的路灯，这款路灯是由风能转化为
电能，因此可以减少能源使用，从而减少对环境的污染。
8．Why did Tribenbacher choose to create the street light?
A．To tackle light pollution.
B．To reduce biodiversity loss.
C．To beautify the city he lives in.
D．To draw public attention to waste.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段以及第四段第二句可知，这款路灯最初设计的目的就是用来
应对光污染问题。故选A。
9．Which of the following is the feature of the street light?
A．It occupies a large space.
B．It can be fixed anywhere.
C．It is switched off by hand.
D．It is unattractive to insects.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，这款路灯不会吸引小昆虫。故选D。
10．What do Tribenbacher’s words in paragraph 5 imply?
A．The climate crisis is tough to address.
B．Design can facilitate our comprehension.
C．We must take action to save clean energy.
D．We know little about electricity generation.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Design not only determines how street lights...the
production of electricity become comprehensible.”可推断出，这样的设计可以促进我们对于能
源生产的理解。故选B。
11．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To stress the importance of innovation.
B．To introduce a wind-powered street light.
C．To advocate environmental sustainability.
D．To analyze the sustainability of the street light.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段以及下文对这款路灯的作用、工作原理的介绍可知，本篇文
章主要的目的是介绍一款风能路灯。故选B。强化练(二) 细节理解题(2)
A
Drive Thru History® Adventures
Drive Thru History，whether as a course，guide，or episodic lesson，tries to make
historical information fun.Dave Stotts goes the extra literal mile to bring history to viewers in
context by traveling to the locations he’s discussing.This is where the “adventure” subtitle
comes from.The courses have snowballed in popularity due to the quality of the material as well as
the humor and inventiveness of the host.
Features of the Drive Thru History Courses
Each course comes with many ways to view，absorband test your knowledge of its topics.The
main purchase is On Demand，HD streaming of your favorite Drive Thru History® episodes.You
also get print Course guides that come with worksheets，answer guides，and articles written by
industry experts on topics covered in the courses.
With your purchase ， you can also have access to a community of other Drive Thru
History®fans，with exclusive content updates!
Ways to join the Adventure
·Buy a single Drive Thru History® Course
Our online courses include lifetime on-demand video streaming ，a course guide，and
additional resources to help you learn as much from one series as possible.
·Join our All-Access membership
If you like what you bought，you can buy the All-Access pass.This pass gives you the ability
to view all the released courses by paying an annual fee.All-Access comes in at $119.95.Once
you’re subscribed，your subscription will automatically renew to keep you up-to-date on the
latest Drive Thru History® content!
Whether you buy a single course or the All-Access pass ， you get the same basic
features.These bonuses will help you make your history lessons come alive.
1．How does Dave Stotts make the courses fun?
A．By sharing history on location.
B．By revising historical materials.
C．By presenting hi-tech inventions.
D．By organizing adventure activities.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“...tries to make historical information fun.Dave Stotts
goes the extra literal mile to bring history to viewers in context by traveling to the locations he’sdiscussing.”可知，为了让课程有趣，Dave Stotts去了他所讨论的内容发生的地方，即历史
发生地。故选A。
2．What will you get after you buy the courses?
A．Tour guides.
B．Video streaming.
C．Articles from students.
D．Interaction with the host.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据 Buy a single Drive Thru History® Course部分的内容可知，购买课
程之后可以获得终身观看视频的权利。故选B。
3．What does an All-Access membership offer?
A．A discounted annual fee.
B．Additional history lessons.
C．Updates on the latest content.
D．Limited access to some courses.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据 Join our All-Access membership 部分中的“Once you’re
subscribed，your subscription will automatically renew to keep you up-to-date on the latest Drive
Thru History® content！”可知，拥有All-Access之后，会员可以看到更新的最新内容。故选
C。
B
There are few places on Earth that humans haven’t messed up.Now even Antarctica，the
only continent with no permanent human inhabitants，is being altered by us.A study found that the
increasing human presence in Antarctica is causing more snowmelt—bad news for a frozen world
already battling the effects of human-caused global warming.
Black carbon，the dark dusty pollution that comes from burning fossil fuels has settled in
locations where tourists and researchers spend a lot of time，scientists found.Even the smallest
amount of the dark pollutant can have a significant impact on melting because of its very low
reflectiveness：things that are light in color，like snow，reflect the sun’s energy and stay cool；
things that are dark，like black carbon，absorb the sun’s energy and warm up.
“The snow albedo(反射率) effect is one of the largest uncertainties in regional and global
climate modeling right now，”Alia Khan，a snow and ice scientist at Western Washington
University，told CNN.“That’s one of the motivations for the study，to quantify the impact of
black carbon on regional snowmelt，which is important for quantifying the role of black carbon in
the global loss of snow and ice.”
“Antarctica is sitting there pretty much silently all year.But，if it weren’t there，in thestate that it is meant to be，the balance that we have in the climate system will no longer
be，”Marilyn Raphael，a geography professor said.“Antarctica’s sea ice is also important to
maintain a balance in atmospheric circulation，”he added.As waters get warmer，some Antarctic
creatures are finding their homes more and more unlivable.
“Everything we do has consequences，”Raphael said.“We need to educate ourselves
about those consequences，especially in systems that we know relatively little about.We have to be
careful that we don’t upset the climate balance.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于人为造成的全球变暖，南极洲的环境发
生了变化。
4．Why can the smallest amount of black carbon have a huge impact on melting?
A．It is highly reflective.
B．Its dark colour absorbs heat.
C．It produces vast energy.
D．It causes much pollution.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，由于能够吸收热量，黑碳对融化会产生巨大的
影响。故选B。
5．According to Alia，which of the following is one reason for conducting the study?
A．To measure the impact of black carbon on melting.
B．To quantify the cost of battling against climate change.
C．To remove the uncertainties of global warming effects.
D．To urge people to pay more attention to melting problem.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，在研究过程中，量化黑碳对融雪的影响是十
分重要的。故选A。
6．What is the fourth paragraph mainly about?
A．The change caused by Antarctic ice melting.
B．The methods to stop Antarctic ice melting.
C．The significance of Antarctic being in its state.
D．The sufferings Antarctic creatures are experiencing.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。根据第四段第二、三句可知，本段主要讲述了南极洲保持其原来状态的
重要性。故选C。
7．What does Raphael advise people to do?
A．Reduce tourist numbers.B．Face the consequences.
C．Acquire professional education.
D．Stop disturbing the climate.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，Raphael建议我们停止扰乱气候，不要破坏气
候的平衡。故选D。
C
Ever wondered if dogs can learn new words？Yes，say researchers as they have found that
talented dogs may have the ability to grasp new words after hearing them only four times.
While previous evidence seems to show that most dogs do not learn words，unless eventually
very well trained，a few individuals have shown some extraordinary abilities，according to a
study published in the journal Scientific Reports.
“We wanted to know under which conditions the gifted dogs may learn novel words，”
said researcher xuekw Claudia Fugazza from the Eötvös Lornd University in Hungary.For the
study，the team involved two gifted dogs，Whisky and Vicky Nina.The team exposed the dogs to
the new words in two different conditions.
In the exclusion-based task，presented with seven known toys and one new toy，the dogs
were able to select the new toy when presented with a new name.Researchers say this proves that
dogs can choose by exclusion when faced with a new word，they selected the only toy which did
not have a known name.
However，this was not the way they would learn the name of the toy.In fact，when they were
presented with one more equally new name to test their ability to recognize the toy by its name，
the dogs got totally confused and failed.
The other condition ， the social one ， where the dogs played with their owners who
pronounced the name of the toy while playing with the dog，proved to be the successful way to
learn the name of the toy，even after hearing it only 4 times.“The rapid learning that we observed
seems to equal children’s ability to learn many new words at a fast rate around the age of 18
months，”Fugazza says.“But we do not know whether the learning mechanisms(机制) behind
this learning are the same for humans and dogs.”
To test whether most dogs would learn words this way，20 other dogs were tested in the same
condition，but none of them showed any evidence of learning the toy names，confirming that the
ability to learn words rapidly in the absence of formal training is very rare and is only present in a
few gifted dogs.
8．What was the purpose of the study published in Scientific Reports?
A．To better train dogs’ ability to learn new words.
B．To further confirm previous evidence about dogs.C．To prove extraordinary memory abilities of gifted dogs.
D．To explore favorable conditions for gifted dogs’ new-word learning.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We wanted to know under which conditions...from the
Eötvös Lornd University in Hungary.”可知，研究的目的是想探索有天赋的狗在什么情况下
可以学习新单词。故选D。
9．How did the dogs react when exposed to two new names in the first condition?
A．Slow to understand.
B．Quick to learn.
C．At a loss.
D．In a panic.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句可知，在第一种情况下狗非常困惑。故选C。
10．What was found about dogs’ new-word learning in the social condition?
A．Learning through playing applied to most dogs.
B．The social condition helped dogs learn new words.
C．Dogs’ new-word learning turned out to be less effective.
D．Dogs shared similar learning mechanisms with children.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可推出，社会性条件可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。
故选B。
11．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Gifted Dogs Can Learn New Words Rapidly
B．Dogs Identify Newly-named Toys by Exclusion
C．Dogs Can Acquire Vocabulary through Tons of Training
D．Gifted Dogs Have Similar Learning Abilities to Humans
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段以及倒数第二段第一句可知，本篇文章主要讲述的是有天赋
的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。
强化练(三) 细节理解题(3)
A
(2022·河南濮阳一模)
Here’s a look at our four favorite state parks in Colorado，and what to do at each one.Eleven Mile State Park
Eleven Mile State Park is about 40 miles west of Colorado Springs.The highlight here is a
huge reservoir(水库) and nearby wetlands that are a huge draw to boaters，fishers，paddlers，and
windsurfers.While you can’t go swimming，you can go sailing or kayaking.Even in winter，
Eleven Mile is big for fishing.It hosts an annual，statewide ice fishing tournament.
Roxborough State Park
Roxborough State Park is where to go for the natural unique scenery.The park is home to 300-
million-year-old red sandstone formations.They appear from the earth at a shocking 60-degree
angle that makes you wonder how they don’t fall down.With dramatic geological masterpieces，
it is no surprise that this is one of Colorado’s official National Natural Landmarks.
State Forest State Park
If you want to spot a moose(驼鹿) (safely，from a distance)，explore the 71,000-acre State
Forest State Park in the small town of Walden.The State Forest State Park is Colorado’s moose
capital，home to more than 600 of the big guys.Moose aren’t the only attraction in this large，
adventure-filled park.It’s also home to black bears and elk(麋鹿)．It has lakes and lots of
trails(about 90 miles of hiking trails，plus more for biking)，and to top it all off，there are sand
dunes here.
Eldorado Canyon State Park
Eldorado Canyon is a super popular rock-climbing destination just outside of the city of
Boulder.This mountainous state park features 1,000 different technical climbing routes.It’s well
known in the climbing community.The routes are accessible to all levels and open during daylight.
1．Which is the most well-known in Eleven Mile State Park in winter?
A．Boating. B．Swimming.
C．Fishing. D．Paddling.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据Eleven Mile State Park部分中“Even in winter，Eleven Mile is big
for fishing.It hosts an annual，statewide ice fishing tournament.”可知，在冬季，钓鱼是Eleven
Mile State Park最有名的活动。故选C。
2．Who are most likely to go to State Forest State Park?
A．Geologists.
B．Animal lovers.
C．Windsurfers.
D．Mountain climbers.
答案 B
解析 推理判断题。根据 State Forest State Park 部分中“Moose aren’t the only
attraction...black bears and elk(麋鹿)．”可知，State Forest State Park中有很多动物。由此可推断，动物爱好者最有可能去这里。故选B。
3．Which park is a great place for rock climbing?
A．State Forest State Park.
B．Eleven Mile State Park.
C．Roxborough State Park.
D．Eldorado Canyon State Park.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据Eldorado Canyon State Park部分中“Eldorado Canyon is a super
popular rock-climbing destination...in the climbing community.”可知，Eldorado Canyon State
Park是攀岩的好地方。故选D。
B
From crystal-blue lakes to snow-capped mountains and thousand-year-old trees，Canada’s
nature is admired around the world.Now it might also be just what the doctor ordered.An ambitious
new programme allows doctors to write prescriptions(处方) for free annual passes to Canada’s
national parks，encouraging their patients to improve their health—both mental and physical—by
taking a stroll in nature.
The prescriptions are provided by PaRX，in partnership with Parks Canada.The first passes
were handed out last month，giving holders access to more than 80 national parks，historic sites
and nature reserves.PaRX，a health initiative(倡议) launched in 2019 by the British Columbia
Parks Foundation，notes on its website that spending time in nature can lead to longer lives，
increased energy，reduced stress and anxiety，improved heart health，less pain and better
mood.Vitamin D from the sun’s rays has proven health benefits.The organization also hopes that
the prescriptions will boost investment in conservation in Canada.
The initial provision covers four Canadian provinces：British Columbia，Saskatchewan，
Ontario and Manitoba.Participating doctors have only 100 annual passes to hand out for now，but
PaRX hopes that the programme will be expanded.
“Medical research now clearly shows the positive health benefits of connecting with
nature，” Steven Guilbeault，the environment minister，said.“I am confident this programme
will quickly show its enormous value to the well-being of patients as it continues to expand
throughout the country.”
Canada’s physicians are already in the habit of prescribing “nature therapy” as a
treatment for anxiety，depression，high blood pressure，immune function and insomnia(失眠)．
Previously，though，they would write more general prescriptions，such as spending time in
nature twice a week，for at least 20 minutes at a time.This is the first time that they have been able
to equip their patients with tickets.
4．Why does the author mention Canada’s nature in paragraph 1?A．To recommend doctors’ prescriptions.
B．To advertise Canada’s natural scenery.
C．To introduce a health initiative program.
D．To demonstrate health benefits of nature.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，作者在第一段中提到了加拿大的自然风光，
目的是介绍一项健康倡议计划。故选C。
5．What makes the prescriptions significant?
A．A boom in park visiting.
B．A rise in economy.
C．Investment in conservation.
D．Improvement in health.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三、四句可知，健康状况的改善使该处方意义重大。故选
D。
6．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Patients doubt the general prescriptions.
B．The previous “nature therapy” is popular.
C．It is a tradition to offer patients park tickets.
D．“Nature therapy” is no longer just on paper.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知，自然疗法已经用于临床当中，不再只是纸上谈心。
故选D。
7．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
A．Nature Heals Mental Diseases
B．Canada Possesses Admirable Nature
C．Doctors Order a Walk in the Wilderness
D．Canadian Doctors Have Free Access to Parks
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段第三句和最后一段第一句可知，文章主要讲述的是大自然对
健康状况的改善有很大的意义。C选项(医生建议在大自然中散步)符合题意，故选C。
C
(2022·福建百校联合测评)
Some events have been added to the 2024 Olympics，with surfing，breakdancing and sport
climbing among the recent additions.With them come a group of terms that are foreign to the
French language.For some French-language purists，it’s too much to bear to rely on English topraise surfers on their “noseriding”—standing on the front of the board.They’ve decided they
need a French solution.
The French government has created a team of language experts devoted to promoting the
national language.They will meet periodically over the next couple of years to identify and define
new sports terms.The French battle against the influence of other languages isn’t new.In 1994，
the Toubon law was passed，forcing the use of French in all government publications，contracts
and advertisements.Yet it contained several loopholes，which allow brands and companies to
extensively use English.As a result，Anglicisms are becoming more obvious.
Julie Neveux，professor of linguistics at Sorbonne University in Paris，said Anglicisms are
“sometimes estimated at just under 5% of the present vocabulary，but they are disturbing
because they show that we follow an economic and cultural model other than our own”．They are
particularly present in sports competitions and events，during which athletes from around the
world are used to communicating in English.“Sport was one of the first areas to be
globalized，”said sports historian Michael Attali.“This phenomenon has strengthened English as
the official language.”
Despite their best efforts，no committee has successfully prevented English from infiltrating
everyday language.By the time French officials agreed on a translation and its definition，the
English version has already spread throughout the nation.“Similar committees have been put in
place in the past，but nothing has changed so far，”said Attali.
“There are far fewer Anglicisms in French than there are French words in English，”said
Neveux.Adding these exchanges should not be seen as a threat.“All living languages exist by
borrowing from each other.Languages only exist thanks to their impurity.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国政府成立了一个语言专家团队，致力于推
广法语。他们将在未来几年定期开会，以确定和定义新的体育术语。文章还介绍了历史上法
语对抗其他语言影响的事件以及人们的看法。
8．What will a team of language experts do?
A．Promote the spread of French in the world.
B．Decide upon some new sports terms.
C．Bring English and French together.
D．Make French much purer.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，一群语言专家会确定一些新的体育术语。故选
B。
9．What does the underlined word “they” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Anglicisms.B．English words.
C．French words.
D．Newly created words.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，巴黎索邦大学的语言学教授Julie Neveux说，
Anglicisms “有时估计在现有词汇中只占不到5%，但它们令人不安，因为Anglicisms表明，
我们遵循的是一种除了我们自己的模式以外的经济和文化模式”。故 they 指的是
“Anglicisms”，故选A。
10．What’s the result of previous efforts to stop English from infiltrating French?
A．Unimportant. B．Successful.
C．Fruitless. D．Unmentioned.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，以前阻止英语渗透到法语的努力结果是
徒劳的。故选C。
11．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．English is more popular than French.
B．All languages should be preserved.
C．The exchanges between two languages can be avoided.
D．Neveux is positive about the impurity of language.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推知，Neveux对语言的不纯性持肯定态度。故选
D。
