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第 6 讲 体裁微解——记叙文
记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以记叙和描写为表达方式的文章。一篇记叙
文，无论长短都应该是一个完全独立的事实，描写人物、地点、事件和过程，表达作者的某
种情感。主要具有以下特点：
选材 新颖、生动、真实、典型的素材描写，让读者有身临其境的感觉。
记叙文应该包括六要素，即：时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果。可以按
内容
事件发生的时间顺序写，也可以按事件发生的先后写。
形式 顺叙、倒叙、插叙。
一般过去时为主，各种时态为辅，合理使用丰富多彩的谓语动词时态是英语记
语言 叙文首要的语言特征；多用动词，尤其是动态强的行为动词是英语记叙文又一
个明显的语言特征。
命题 主要集中在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。
高考英语记叙文设题主要集中在细节理解题和推理判断题，因此，阅读这类文章时，应
该在整体把握文章结构的前提下，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的
先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物
的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别
要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。具体答题策略如下：
策略指导 技法解读
弄清六要素 何人、何时、何地，因何原因做了何事，结果如何，有何启示或感想。
弄清写作目的 证明一个观点；赞美某种美德；谴责某种罪恶；提供娱乐。
关注开头和结尾 把握事情的动向，尾段经常是主题的升华所在。
关注情感主线 分析事情的发展脉络，弄清人物关系，透析文章的情感主线。
(2022·浙江1月·A)
For nearly a decade now，Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist.Her pet
transport job was born of the financial crisis(危机) in the late 2000s.The downturn hit the real
estate (房地产) firm where she had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke
and left her looking for a new job.One day，while driving near her home，she saw a dogwandering on the road，clearly lost.She took it home，and her sister in Denver agreed to take
it.This was a loving home for sure，but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth to
decide to drive the dog there herself.It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth’s pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust.It has taken her to every state in the
US except Montana，Washington and Oregon，she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new
place，she will simply find a pet with transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has
driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming，heavy flooding and storms in Alabama and total
whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father，she says.He moved their family from Canada to
California when she was one year old，because he wanted them to explore a new place together.As
soon as she graduated from high school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the California
coast，away from her parents，where she enjoyed a life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax.She
doesn’t work in summer，as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car，even with
air conditioning.As autumn comes，she gets restless—the same old wanderlust returning.It’s a
call she must handle alone，though.Merebeth says，“When I’m on the road I’m just in my
own world.I’ve always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help
animals.”
21．Why did Merebeth change her job?
A．She wanted to work near her home.
B．She was tired of working in the office.
C．Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D．Her former employer was out of business.
22．The word “wanderlust” in paragraph 2 means a desire to ________.
A．make money
B．try various jobs
C．be close to nature
D．travel to different places
23．What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A．She has chances to see rare animals.
B．She works hard throughout the year.
C．She relies on herself the whole time.
D．She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
A(2022·安徽鼎尖联盟联考)
Reilly，my daughter’s yellow Labrador Retriever，enjoys life in the country.He’s
friendly，playful and intelligent.Reilly has an active lifestyle.But he’s built like a tank as a
foodie.Reilly watches every piece that goes from our hands to our mouths.Drop it，and we don’t
stand a chance of beating him to it.It’s gone in one swallow.
If we’re preparing dinner and ignoring him，he catches the edge of his wide-mouthed
cheese-ball far with his jaws into the kitchen.His hope is that someone will drop doggie treats in his
jar.He drops it with a loud noise onto the hardwood floor.Reilly’s hungry，you see.He’s always
hungry.Nobody will refuse to treat him.Then he will take the jar away and drop it on the floor so
that the treats bounce out，and he throws himself onto them as fast as lightning.He loves this
game!
One day，Reilly disappeared，and my daughter Erin didn’t know where he went.He isn’t
allowed to leave the yard，and usually he doesn’t.But he did that day.Erin was worried and
walked to neighbors’ homes looking for him.No Reilly.Some time later，the big dog was
back...and not empty-handed.In his huge mouth was a delicious roast beef，still warm.Erin felt
lightheaded.Whose dinner was this？Where did he get it？What would people think when they
went outdoors and found their grill empty and their roast gone?
Nobody seemed to know a thing about it.One big yellow Lab knew，of course，but he
wasn’t talking.“Oh，Reilly，what have you done？” my daughter said.To this day，not a
single neighbor has reported such a theft.
1．What is Reilly like?
A．He is clumsy.
B．He is aggressive.
C．He has a huge weight.
D．He always follows orders.
2．How does Reilly manage to get food from the kitchen?
A．By making loud noise with its jar.
B．By jumping onto the food quickly.
C．By dropping himself onto the floor.
D．By barking at the person who is cooking.
3．What does the underlined word “lightheaded”in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Relieved. B．Confused.
C．Recharged. D．Clearheaded.
4．What can be known about the beef?
A．It was a treat from Erin.
B．Reilly stole it from a thief.
C．Its source remains a mystery.D．Reilly refused to tell its truth.
B
Cimabue，the greatest painter of the Middle Ages in Italy，was surprised one day after his
lunch break to discover that a fly had seated itself under the nose of a character that he had been
working on.He swatted(重拍) at the fly，but it did not move.He reached out to touch the insect，
only to find it was only wet paint.Turning around，he saw that his apprentice(学徒)，Giotto，was
laughing.Giotto had painted the fly when Cimabue was away，and it looked so real that Cimabue
had been completely fooled.
Giotto di Bondone was born into a poor family in a village.Legend has it that one day，when
Cimabue was wandering around the countryside，he spotted a young shepherd boy drawing
pictures of his sheep，which were so vivid that Cimabue immediately asked him to come to
Florence and learn how to paint.That was how Giotto’s story began in Florence，where the
young student flourished under Cimabue’s instruction and soon surpassed his master in skill.
At that time，people in paintings didn’t look real，and the symbolism of art was difficult
for viewers to connect with it.Innovation(创新) was not stressed，so art had remained the same for
hundreds of years.
However，Giotto thought art should be something more connected with people in a more
realistic way.His masterpieces included the forty major frescoes( 壁 画 ) for the Arena
Chapel.Adopting many techniques that were uncommon then，he painted people the way he saw
them，instead of the overly tall and boxy people that other artists painted.He created three-
dimensional space by using perspective，something that had not been done since Roman times.
In addition to painting，Giotto wrote poetry and drew architectural plans.When Giotto was in
his sixties，he painted the Ognissanti Madonna，another famous work of art.He continued
working until the age of seventy.The ideas Giotto brought to painting throughout his life
revolutionized the art world and made him one of the greatest painters ever.
5．What does the anecdote in paragraph 1 tell us about Giotto?
A．His humor. B．His talent.
C．His courage. D．His determination.
6．How did Cimabue feel about Giotto’s painting when they first met?
A．Impressed. B．Hesitant.
C．Doubtful. D．Amused.
7．What made Giotto’s works distinguished at that time?
A．Vivid colors.
B．Classic skills.
C．Original composition.
D．Lifelike quality.
8．Which of the following best summarizes Giotto’s story?A．Great minds think alike.
B．Innovation is the vitality of art.
C．Constant dripping wears away a stone.
D．A slow sparrow should make an early start.
