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专题 19 阅读理解 议论文
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--测
（原卷版）
时间 50分钟 共 30小题 （每小题2分, 共60分）
班级____________ 姓名____________
名校最新测试卷 阅读理解（议论文）（共八篇）
1.（广西柳州高中柳南校区英语2022届高考模拟试题）
At first glance, it looks like a small revolution is happening in retail (零售) in America. Nearly 650, 000 workers
in the sector quit their jobs in April, the biggest number in over 20 years. Driven by a combination of low wages,
COVID-19 risks, and harassment (烦扰) from customers, many are leaving their retail jobs behind in search of
something different.
Even before the pandemic, a lot of retail jobs weren’t good jobs. In 2017, the typical pay for full-time workers in
the sector was less than $33, 000 a year, not enough to live on in many places. And unpredictable schedules left many
workers scrambling to arrange child care or transportation at a moment’s notice, never sure if they’d get enough hours
each week to pay their bills. Jobs in the industry were largely considered temporary jobs with low status and low pay.
Then, when the pandemic hit, those jobs also became dangerous, as employees at grocery stores and big-box
retailers like Target and Walmart had to work in person while others sheltered at home. At least 158 grocery storeworkers have died of COVID-19 and at least 35, 100 have been infected or exposed and numbers for the industry as a
whole are likely much higher. Then there are the customers. Harassment and rudeness are a fact of life in many retail
jobs, even under normal conditions. Customers would often yell at groomers over things like not being able to provide
a certain cut or service for a dog.
Retail workers who have concerns about their current jobs may also have more choices than before. With the
economy reopening and many businesses looking to hire, there’s a demand for labor across sectors. But that doesn’t
necessarily mean they were moving on to better jobs — wages across industries haven’t meaningfully risen, meaning
workers who quit aren’t, as a whole, making more money. The fact that workers may have more choices, for now, isn’t
yet translating into better choices. Overall, it’s not clear that the large number of workers quitting really means they
have more power in the economy-power to demand not just a new job but one with higher pay, better conditions, and
fairer treatment from customers and managers alike.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. A lot of retail workers resign their jobs.
B. The retail industry in America is promising.
C. Many workers quit just because of low pay.
D. The customers in America are really annoying.
33. What mainly made the retail jobs more difficult during the pandemic?
A. Workers had fewer job opportunities.
B. Workers’ life safety was in danger.
C. Most of the retail jobs were temporary.
D. Workers received more harassment from customers.
34. What is author’s opinion about the phenomenon in retail?
A. He thinks it requires public attention.
B. He argues it has improved.
C. He believes it a positive development.
D. He supposes it may not bring good results.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Do you want to find a better job?
B. Does the pandemic hit the retail jobs?
C. Does a new job mean a better job?
D. Were the retail jobs good or not?2.（ 2022届广西柳州高级中学高考模拟英语试题）
Mom was a good cook. Her homemade chili sauce was second to none, and the things she could do with a chicken
… well, it makes my mouth water to think about it. I once offered to make my sister Kathy’s bed for a week if she
would give me the last slice of toast made by Mom.
No doubt about it, Mom was a great cook — most of the time. If a beef steak was placed in her frying pan, she
turned into the anti-cook. She could turn that finest meat into a piece of hard protein with the smell of shoe leather. Of
course, she really tried.
One day, my brother Bud took me out for lunch in a popular restaurant and he ordered beef steaks. Since he was
paying, I thought I should have at least one or two bites. But when the waitress served our steaks, I was surprised at
how good they smelled. Suddenly I understood why others spoke of beef steaks lovingly. I wolfed down my steak. I
was a born-again beef-eater.
“You know,” I said to Bud, “I used to think Mom was a great cook. But it’s hard to believe that her steaks came
from the same animal as these steaks.”
“Mom is really a great cook,” Bud said. “Think about it. She grew up during the Great Depression (大萧条).
That’s when she learned to cook. How often do you think they had steaks? It is only recently that they could afford to
buy steaks. So it isn’t that she isn’t a good cook.”
It’s that way with all of us, isn’t it? Even our strengths have elements (成分) of weakness. That’s why great
athletes still train and great actors still practice. Greatness isn’t something we are; it is something we become. And that
process (过程) of becoming includes learning and growing through both success and failure.
4. What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. The author’s mom was a really good cook.
B. The author loved his family members very much.
C. Mom loved Kathy more than the author.
D. The toast made by Mom was the author’s favorite food.
5. How did that eating in the restaurant affect the author?
A. He realized that beef was the best meat.
B. He started to like home-made beef steaks.
C. He would eat beef steaks only in that restaurant.
D. He didn’t think beef steaks were terrible food anymore.
6. Why couldn’t the author’s mom cook beef steaks well?A. She seldom ate meat when she was young. B. She had little experience in cooking them.
C. She couldn’t afford good beef at that time. D. She actually wasn’t a good cook.
7. What message does the text want to give?
A. One is never too old to learn. B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Greatness still needs learning and growing. D. Everyone has both strengths and weaknesses.
3.（ 2022届广西柳州高级中学高考模拟英语试题）
What Kids Can Learn From Losing
Everyone wants what’s best for their kid, but no one knows what that is. It might be succeeding, but it might be
failing. It might be winning, but it might be losing. I’ve relearned this truth as a member of that most pitied and envied
of species, the hockey (冰球) parent, while watching my son ascend from Mite to Bantam, House League to Travel.
In his third season in 2013, my son’s team never lost more than three straight games. It was a typically good youth
hockey season. He improved as a player but did not much change as a person. For that, you need to lose, which is what
happened the next year, when his team added its story to the legends of “sporting incapability”. For a time, I worried
that these failures would kill my child’s love of the game.
But that’s not what happened. As bad as it got, the losing was clarifying. It weeded out the kids who were in it less
for the game than the glory, leaving just the die-hards behind. What started as a list of 17 players was culled down to
12. It was especially inspiring for my kid. It taught him a great truth of the world: For everyone good, there is someone
better. For everything big, there is something bigger. In this way, he learned modesty. And, by giving up even the
expectation of victory, he remembered what it was that he’d loved about the game in the first place.
When they began to win, they did it as a different kind of group. When they’d won before, it had been with
individual performance. When ahead, they’d coast. When behind, they’d quit. This new team had character and could
never be counted out, no matter the score. They had learned the most important lesson: You can lose without being
beaten.
They made it all the way to the final, where the winner was decided in overtime (加时赛). When they lost that
game and went into the handshake line, it was not as runners-up (亚军) but as a team that had been made into winners
in the only way that will stick – by losing.
12. Which level may be the highest?
A. Mite. B. Bantam. C. House League. D. Travel.
13. What can you infer from Paragraph 2?
A. The team won three games in the third season 2013.
B. The team was the best youth hockey one.C. The author’s son did not understand what losing really means.
D. The failures did not kill the child’s love of the game.
14. When the team began to win, what was different from the past?
A. They performed better in the games. B. Their hockey skills improved.
C. They knew when to quit. D. They became mentally stronger.
15. What message does this story convey?
A. Failure teaches success. B. Ups and downs make one strong.
C. He who laughs last, laughs best. D. A good player never lose.
4.（2022届北京中国人民大学附属中学高三三模英语试题）Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not
recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used
recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I
could create my own? Imitating role modelsis like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going,
but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.
In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you
observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow
what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.
In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step
off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their
bad character or unacceptable behaviors.
Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books,
teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by
inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those
who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces
is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.
Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. Then you can say,
“I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering on.”
31. Imitation proves useful when you________.
A. know you are unique
B. lose the balance of life
C. begin to learn something newD. get tired of routine practice
32. According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are________.
A. desperate to influence others with their knowledge
B. ready to turn their original ideas into reality
C. eager to discover what their ancestors did
D. willing to accept others’ ideas
33. The trouble a creator faces is________.
A. the lack of strong motivation
B. the absence of practical ideas
C. how to search for more materials
D. how to use imagination creatively
34. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To highlight the importance of creativity.
B. To criticize the characters of role models.
C. To compare imitation with creation.
D. To explain the meaning of success.
5.（北京101中学2022届上学期高三年级10月月考英语试卷）
“If I only had a little humility, I’d be perfect,” the media giant Ted Turner supposedly said sometime in the
1990s. Why be modest? Aristotle said: “All men by nature desire to know.” Intellectual humility is a particular
instance of humility, since you can be down-to-earth about most things but still ignore your mental limitations.
Intellectual humility means recognising that we don’t know everything. Actually, it means we should
acknowledge that we're probably biased in our belief about just how much we understand and seek out the sources
of wisdom that we lack.
The Internet and digital media have created the impression of limitless knowledge at our fingertips. But, by
making us lazy, they have opened up a space that ignorance can fill. The psychologist Tania Lombrozo of the
University of California explained how technology enhances our illusions (错觉) of wisdom. She argues that the
way we access information is critical to our understanding—and the more easily we can recall an image, word or
statement, the more likely we’ll think we’ve successfully learned it, and so withdraw from effortful cognitive
processing. Logical puzzles presented in an unfriendly font (字体), for example, can encourage someone to make
extra effort to solve them. Yet this approach runs counter to the nice designs of the apps and sites that populate our
screens, where our brain processes information in a “smooth” way. What about all the information that presentsonline? Well, your capacity to learn from it depends on your attitudes. Intellectually humble people don’t hide or
ignore their weaknesses. In fact, they see them as sources of personal development, and use arguments as an
opportunity to refine their views. People who are humble by nature tend to be more open-minded and quicker to
resolve disputes, since they recognise that their own opinions might not be valid.
At the other end of the scale lies intellectual arrogance. Such arrogance almost always originates from the
egocentric bias – the tendency to overestimate their own virtue or importance, ignoring the role of chance or the
influence of other people’s actions on their lives. This is what makes these people credit success to themselves and
failure to circumstance. From an evolutionary perspective, intellectual arrogance can also be seen as a way of
achieving dominance through forcing one’s view on others. Intellectually arrogant people hardly invest mental
resources in discussion or working towards group consensus, thus making it hard for groups to work successfully.
The Thrive Center for Human Development in California, which seeks to help young people turn into
successful adults, is funding a series of major studies about intellectual humility. Their hypothesis is that humility,
curiosity and openness are key to a fulfilling life. “Without humility, you are unable to learn,” Laszlo Bock,
Google’s Head of People Operations, notes.
31. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the harm arrogance does to us
B. the key elements to a fulfilling life
C. the significance of intellectual humility
D. the way people access information online
32. Technology enhances our illusions of wisdom because it ______.
A. enables people to think critically
B. offers too much unreliable information
C. allows easy access to abundant information
D. makes it hard for people to recall information
33. According to Para.3, intellectually humble people ______.
A. value others’ opinions more than their own
B. use online information to better themselves
C. are unwilling to show their strengths
D. prefer to solve difficult problems
6.（河北省唐山市开滦第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题）
Everyone has a different idea about what achieving success involves. For some, they want to lose weight. Forothers, they desire to build a business that creates financial freedom.
Whatever success means to you, it has probably shaped you over the years by the images you see of people in
creating success for themselves. Social media has millions of daily users that are sharing information about their life
and business. You see their stories of success and wins. It’s not uncommon for people to share successes without talking
about the struggle on the path to accomplishing those. As a matter of fact, we can’t see the whole picture when someone
shares his/her wins. In other words, we get caught in the comparison trap which can weaken the success-seekers. If
you’re going to reach new growth levels and accomplish your goals, you’ll need to stop chasing a false image of
success.
The Internet and social media have created a culture in which individuals can instantly get a sense of satisfaction
with themselves. You post an achievement, and immediate praise follows. That satisfaction is exciting and makes
individuals want to experience it often. The vanity(虚荣心) causes false decision about what’s going on in someone’s
life. If your image of success is this vanity-driven false one, your looking into someone else’s success journey is a
surface-level glance. You can’t base what you do and the decisions you make on the little bit you see.
A smart strategy is when you see success, model it and use what you see from others as motivation. But don’t let a
surface-level image be your driving force towards your goals. A false image of success has held you back for far too
long. Let the false images of success come and go. After all, attitude drives actions. Actions drive results. Results drive
lifestyles.
23．What is the common practice of the successful people?
A．They are always shaped by other people’s success.
B．They often compare their success with others’.
C．They don’t mention their hard work for success.
D．They’d like to share their advantages over others.、
24．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．A culture. B．A new growth level.
C．The path to success. D．The sense of satisfaction.25．How should we view other people’s success?
A．By copying it with great ambition.
B．By creating an image of our own success.
C．By motivating ourselves to achieve our goals.
D．By making comparisons to find out our shortcomings.
26．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A．We can seek for success in different ways.
B．We should not chase a false image of success.
C．We can turn our goals into reality on our own.
D．We’d better not make a decision based on social media.
7. (云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考)
It was just after 5 pm. I was holding a cup of tea at Sainsbury’s, the second largest chain of supermarkets in the U.
K. We were around a dozen customers in the supermarket’s cafe, and most of us were on our own. Despite placing the
special sign “Reserved for customers in the mood for a chat” in an obvious position, I got no takers.
Government announcers tell us that Britons of all ages are suffering loneliness. About 200, 000 senior citizens
have not spoken to a friend or relative for over a month. Family doctors suspect that some of their patients are making
appointments because they are lonely. The receptionists also agree that the front desk is a magnet for the isolated to
come and experience a bit of human contact. And the young, even with their busy lives on social media, are also
affected. New research from Sainsbury’s Living Well Index reveals that almost two thirds of the people aged between
18 and 24 have admitted to sometimes feeling lonely.
To ease the problem of loneliness, Sainsbury’s has launched “Talking Tables,” which are reserved spaces where
people can have a chat. They appear in a variety of formats. A sign-posted table located in cafés in-store is one of them.
The concept has been developed in close association with Chatty Café. Alexandra Hoskyn was inspired to start a
network of Chatty Cafés in the U. K. in 2017 after finding herself socially isolated as a new mother at home with young
children.
“We know from our Living Well Index that community connections are a key driver of helping people live well,”
says Judith Batchelar, director of Sainsbury’s brand. “We hope that by bringing people together at our ‘Talking Tables,’
we can develop the potential of our store space to help people be better connected to the communities they live and
work in.”
A European friend suggested that all this unsolicited(自发的) friendliness may not seem very British. However, a
staff member at the Sainsbury’s sounded more positive: “It’s early days, and you cannot change people’s habitsovernight.”
28. Who might come to “Talking Table”?
A. Only the lonely old people.
B. People having communication problems.
C. Teenagers active in social media.
D. Anyone eager to chat.
29. What can we infer from the text?
A. “Talking Table” is a pioneer in the UK.
B. “Talking Table” was inspired by some new mothers.
C. Friendliness can change British habits directly.
D. “Talking Table” can produce a sense of belonging.
30. What is the important element for people’s well-being according to Judith Batchelar?
A. Personal ambition. B. Physical and mental health.
C. Communication in the community. D. Relations with family.
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The largest supermarket chain in the UK Sainsbury’s.
B. The supermarket’s cafes helping ease loneliness.
C. The latest study on loneliness of senior citizens.
D. The approaches to getting rid of loneliness.
8. (北京市北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期开学摸底考试)
Removing gender bias
Tailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many
other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men,
who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth
are still placing old-school bias (偏见；成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit
comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers.
An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-
run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face.
They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product
design. And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-
quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together meansthey may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on
underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法).
Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get
feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias—designers may listen to
what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users.
Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is
wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for
safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women—including seat belts—because they
are no! designed properly.
But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being
missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70—80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions.
Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now
manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1
billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for
everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What
is holding them back?
27．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A．hits the market B．gets approval
C．becomes successful D．comes into being
28．What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed.
B．How gender bias is affecting tech companies.
C．Where gender bias in product design is rooted.
D．Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies.
29．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．tech companies are unwilling to change
B．design bias may result in missed opportunities
C．male workers benefit more in engineering teams
D．tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products答题处：
1. ___________; 2.____________; 3.____________; 4.___________; 5.____________;
6.___________; 7.____________; 8.____________; 9.___________; 10.___________;
