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第 2 讲 夹叙夹议文
常用以下方法来解此类型试题：
解题要领 内容解读
借助文章结构，即事例→观点，观点→事例，观点→事例→观
分析结构，抓住
点，体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织
作者的观点
方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的写作思路。
重视首句，把握 首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步
文章主题 判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是
叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为
叙议兼顾，理解
叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起
议论内涵
来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解
题。
抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的
抓住转换，理清
逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作
逻辑关系
者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
(2020·全国Ⅲ)
As a businesswoman，I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel
affection， 41 can also drive you mad.They’ll come rushing in， 42 their handbag’sbeen stolen.They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room，create havoc(混乱) and then
44 it had been in their car all the time.They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop，and
want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can
get，but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden.She was 49
absolutely everything ， nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a
“regular”．After a while，she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning.She had split
up with her husband the week before，was living in a flat 52 ，and since she’d found it too
much to cope with (应对)，she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the
market.Don’t take it 56 .If a customer is rude or difficult，just think “Maybe she’s had a
row with her husband.Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let
your ego (自我) get 58 .If you do，you won’t be able to 59 it and the whole thing
develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41．A.shopkeepers B．customers
C．salespersons D．receptionists
42．A.saying B．pretending
C．guessing D．replying
43．A.agree B．promise
C．imagine D．swear
44．A.forget B．decide
C．discover D．assume
45．A.foods B．catalogues
C．belongings D．goods
46．A.particular B．different
C．matching D．natural
47．A.fighting B．smiling
C．waiting D．changing
48．A.generous B．polite
C．careless D．difficult
49．A.curious about B．displeased with
C．patient with D．uncertain about
50．A.relaxed B．delighted
C．surprised D．embarrassed
51．A.searched B．argued
C．prayed D．apologized52．A.by chance B．by herself
C．on purpose D．on duty
53．A.rude B．such
C．other D．lonely
54．A.lesson B．trick
C．skill D．trade
55．A.work B．shop
C．meet D．quarrel
56．A.kindly B．secretly
C．personally D．casually
57．A.ready B．away
C．up D．well
58．A.out of sight B．in the way
C．behind the scene D．above the law
59．A.stress B．expect
C．handle D．blame
60．A.ruins B．makes
C．starts D．saves
文本整体感知
商店工作人员经常会遇到难对付的顾客，作者通过自己的经历感悟到店
中心思想
员应该正确对待这类顾客，体谅并善待他们。
叙述角度 第一人称
语篇结构 事例→观点
写作要素 I；difficult customers；a “regular” customer；a valuable lesson
写作目的 体现了人与社会和谐相处的主题
技法四 析逻辑，索答案
语篇是由一些意义相关的句子根据一定的逻辑关系组织起来的语义整体。逻辑关系隐藏
在句子中、句与句之间以及段落的衔接中，体现作者的写作思路和篇章意义，是贯穿整篇文
章的主线。完形填空中的任何一道题该选哪个选项，在文中必有依据。因此，解答完形填空
最基本的方法就是根据空格前后所提供的信息或上下文之间的逻辑关系，由逻辑关系中已知
部分推断出未知部分，做出符合逻辑的判断。本文第41题和第47题可根据对立关系解题；
第53题可根据因果关系解题；第59题可根据条件关系解题。
下面是完形填空中主要考查的七大逻辑关系：
(1)对立关系
对立关系包括让步、对比和转折关系，常见的标志词和短语有：but，however，yet(然
而，但是)，on the contrary(相反)，by contrast(相比之下)，unfortunately，although，eventhough，while(然而；虽然)，nevertheless(然而，不过)，whereas(然而)，in spite of(尽管)，
regardless of(不管，不顾)，anyhow(尽管)，after all(毕竟)，instead of(而不是)，rather than(而
不是)，not...but...，otherwise(否则)，or else，to the opposite(对立面)，compared with等。
真题体验1 (2022·全国乙)
For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 44.interpreted as evidence that children
are hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our 45.surprising research results in
child developmental psychology 46 that idea.
46．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
真题体验2 (2017·江苏)
...He swore to himself to 39.avoid music，as he hated getting to school extra early.
40 ，one day，in the music class that was 41.part of his school’s standard
curriculum，he was playing idly(随意地) on the piano and found it 42.easy to pick out tunes.
40．A.Therefore B．However
C．Thus D．Moreover
(2)并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，even，or，neither...nor...，not only...but
(also)．..，similarly等。
真题体验3 (2019·北京)
The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians，teachers and
engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a
friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”．
16．A.even B．ever
C．once D．already
真题体验4 (2022·全国甲)
A year later，much to my 58.delight，this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed
to me.He did not kneel(跪) down，nor did I 59 him to.That’s only for giving 60.water to
the dogs that brought us together.
59．A.beg B．trust
C．need D．aid
(3)目的和因果关系
目的和因果关系常用的标志词和短语有：because，for，since，as(因为)，thus(因此)，
hence(因此)，therefore，so，so...that...，such...that...，in order that，in case，consequently(因
此)，accordingly，due to，thanks to，on account of(由于，因为)，because of，seeing that(由
于，因为)，in that(因为)，now that，as a result，for this reason等。
真题体验5 (2021·浙江)My mother was so 51.touched by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give
the cashier(收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 52 the same happened to someone else
if they didn’t have enough 53.money for all of their groceries.
52．A.in case B．even if
C．as though D．so that
(4)条件关系
条件关系常用的标志词和短语有：if，unless，whether，supposing，on condition that，
provided that，depending on等。
经典体验6
As you mark off another “Earth Day” in your calendars，content that for at least 24 hours
I remained in your thoughts，I want to remind you that I am sick.I’m frightened that 1 I
can’t soon receive the appropriate medicine and care I need，my illness will become terminal
beyond all cures.
1．A.when B．though
C．if D．unless
(5)时间关系
时间关系常用的标志词和短语有：before，since，as(随着)，until，meanwhile，at the
moment，when，whenever，as soon as等。
真题体验7 (2020·江苏)
For him，it was one thing to 49.accept his own fate of being blind and quite another to allow
something to continue 50 it could be fixed so easily.This moved him to action.
50．A.until B．when
C．unless D．before
(6)层次和顺序关系
层次和顺序关系常用的标志词和短语有：besides，finally，first，firstly，further，
eventually，in the first place，last，next，second，secondly，third，thirdly，to begin with，to
start with，on the one hand...on the other (hand)．..等。
真题体验8 (2018·江苏)
49 ，the couple found that their bodies turned for the better，with re-found strong
muscles that they thought had 50.lost forever.
49．A.Initially B．Eventually
C．Temporarily D．Consequently
(7)例证关系
例证关系常用的标志词和短语有：all in all，altogether，in brief，in sum，in
conclusion，in short，in summary，on the whole，to sum up，to summarize，as a proof，as an
example，for example，for instance，to name but a few，in particular，just as，namely，suchas，that is，as to，say等。
经典体验9
“I hope this method would be put into practice in the near future， 1 in the next 10
years，” he says.
1．A.imagine B．say
C．suppose D．consider
技法五 据搭配，知答案
完形填空中，有时会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。解题时，可以通过
仔细观察和回忆所学知识，进行有效推断，选择正确答案。本文第49、52和58题便是依据
搭配确定答案的。
真题体验 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
I was 43.worried that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪)．I tied a rope
around his waist to keep him near to our spot.That lasted about ten minutes.He was 44.
uncomfortable，and his crying let the whole campground know it.So 45 tying him up，I just
kept a close eye on him.It 46.worked—he didn’t end up in the creek.My three-year-old，
however，did.
Another time，we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we 47 ，but
storms move in fast in the mountains，and this one quickly 48. interrupted our peaceful morning
trip.
45．A.due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
47．A.signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
技法六 重平行，觅逻辑
文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要
么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说，这些平行结构所表达的语境是一
致的，考生解题时要特别注意这一点。本文第44题和第50题便是此技法的体现。
真题体验 (2020·全国Ⅰ)
One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about
windows is a 48.lie.
47．A.win out B．give up
C．wake up D．stand out
(2022·安徽江南十校一模联考)
When in college，I liked natural world，but didn’t love it.And the more I looked at what
was 1 —an exploding world population，exploding levels of resource consumption，etc.—the 2 I became.
Then，I decided to 3 and something funny happened.It’s a long 4 ，but basically
I became a birdwatcher.At first I did this not without significant 5 ，because anything that 6
real passion is uncool.But little by little，I developed this 7 first for the new species
discovered and then，magically，I could 8 my heart overflow with love whenever I looked
at a bird，any bird.That’s where a(n) 9 mixture surfaced—my anger about the 10 was
only increased when I learned more about the 11 that birds face；however，as I engaged in
bird conservation，it became surprisingly 12 to live with that anger.
I guess my love for birds forced me to face a less self-centered part of myself that I’d never
even known 13 .It was a self that I had to either 14 or reject.My anger actually is rooted
in the 15 that we’re alive for a while but will die before long.Once again，I can either 16
this fact or，by way of 17 ，embrace it.
When we stay in our room shrugging our shoulders，the problems outside are incredibly 18
.But when we go out and put ourselves 19 real people，or even just real animals，there’s a
very real chance that some love might 20 .
1．A.right B．wrong
C．elegant D．delicate
2．A.happier B．angrier
C．sadder D．thirstier
3．A.change B．go
C．develop D．remove
4．A.way B．effect
C．case D．story
5．A.importance B．preference
C．guidance D．resistance
6．A.tolerates B．declares
C．betrays D．indicates
7．A.passion B．definition
C．reality D．significance
8．A.sense B．watch
C．hear D．touch
9．A.ambitious B．familiar
C．curious D．entire
10．A.birds B．heart
C．species D．planet
11．A.traps B．controlsC．enemies D．threats
12．A.harder B．easier
C．worse D．better
13．A.moved B．faded
C．existed D．panicked
14．A.deny B．rescue
C．polish D．accept
15．A.cycle B．mistake
C．fact D．failure
16．A.run from B．run for
C．run into D．run after
17．A.life B．death
C．love D．anger
18．A.obvious B．fearsome
C．simple D．delightful
19．A.in exchange for B．in relation to
C．in control of D．in agreement with
20．A.occur B．hurt
C．skip D．disappear
