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第 4 讲 议论文
议论文是高考完形填空较难的一种文体，一般由三个要素组成：论点、论据、结论。论
点和论据形成一体，相互印证。有时作者为了使文章脉络清楚，行文流畅，会使用一些连接
词，如：on the contrary，all in all，in short，generally speaking，worse still，on the other
hand，in conclusion，as a consequence等。做题时要注意以下几点：
解题要领 内容解读
首句制胜， 议论文类完形填空的首句常常是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提
论点明确 出论点，然后在各段的首句提出分论点。
①开门见山地提出论点，然后再通过具体的论据去说明论点，论据有时候
既有正面的论据，也有反面的论据，最后总结全文。②导入式提出论点。
不同的论点 先通过叙述生活中的一件具体的事情或描述生活中的现象，然后根据事情
提出方式 或现象所反映的问题提出自己的论点，再用具体的论据去说明自己的论
点。③最后提出论点。有些议论文作者一开始仅仅是列举生活中的现象，
不表明自己的观点，而是通过对具体现象的分析，最后得出一种结论。
关注尾段 尾段通常照应论点
More and more electronic devices and services in our daily life mean we have too many
passwords and numbers to remember.Passwords help us protect our 1 and privacy；
however，they also bring us a lot of 2 .
Every day I need to remember much 3 information.Every morning I 4 my
cellphone—it needs a password.I get to work and I have to have 5 my computer with a
password.Like many people in Britain，I have two bank 6 .One needs a five-digit number and
a password； 7 needs a six-digit number and a memorable place name.I have an online savings
account that needs a different password 8 the password for my bank account.
9 you never use a computer，you can be 10 by the password overload.Look in
your wallet.You probably 11 four or five credit cards.In these days of chip and pin(个人识别
码)，these are virtually useless if you do not have the magic four-digit numbers.The banks 12
you not to have the same number for all your cards.Give me a break.Am I going to carry five
different random four-digit numbers in my head？ 13 ，I’m not memory genius.
I’ve tried systems to help me 14 —such as using the names of favorite films or
members of my extended family，but none seems to 15 .So what is the solution?If you are a technical expert，you can download a “password safe”．These are programs
that 16 all your passwords so they can be used for accessing sites.The problem is that you can
only use this on your home computer，and if that gets 17 you are in trouble.
Some of the banks are starting to 18 customers a “dongle(适配器)”，which is a
portable password device that plugs into your computer.This is an electronic version of writing the
password down on a piece of paper.The 19 is that dongles cost money and if the one your
bank gives you doesn’t let you store other websites’ passwords，you could 20 carrying a
dozen dongles in your pocket.
Well，putting all your cash in a box under the bed never seems so attractive.
1．A.health B．life
C．wealth D．quality
2．A.fun B．convenience
C．advantages D．troubles
3．A.useless B．practical
C．valuable D．meaningful
4．A.turn off B．turn on
C．turn down D．pick up
5．A.control over B．access to
C．words with D．pity on
6．A.passwords B．assistants
C．cards D．accounts
7．A.another B．any
C．the other D．neither
8．A.with B．in
C．from D．above
9．A.As long as B．As if
C．In case D．Even if
10．A.hit B．thrown
C．attracted D．hurt
11．A.send B．carry
C．bring D．take
12．A.have B．tell
C．allow D．make
13．A.Above all B．In all
C．After all D．All in all
14．A.remember B．operateC．recognize D．study
15．A.work B．do
C．act D．serve
16．A.process B．destroy
C．store D．create
17．A.changed B．separated
C．raised D．stolen
18．A.promise B．offer
C．teach D．buy
19．A.fact B．opinion
C．rule D．problem
20．A.end up B．turn up
C．give up D．make up
文本整体感知
本文论述了密码给我们的生活带来的影响，一方面它保护了我们的财
中心思想
产和隐私，另一方面过多的密码也会让我们有记忆方面的困扰。
论点 the advantages and disadvantages of passwords
troublesome different passwords (Paras.2 and 3)；different solutions
论据
(Paras.4,5 and 6)
结论 the conclusion (Para.7)
To tell readers some troubles many passwords have caused and some
写作目的
possible solutions.
技法九 巧排除，降难度
在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最
衔接语义的选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
真题体验 (2020·浙江)
...the tractor heading towards the 44.motorway.I ran desperately but failed to 45 .It
crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
45．A.take off B．catch up
C．hold back D．get out
技法十 由熟词，知生义
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以
及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。本文第15题考查的便是熟词生义，work熟义是“工作”，
此处是生义“起作用”。
真题体验1 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
So 45. instead of tying him up，I just kept a close eye on him.It 46 —he didn’t end upin the creek.My three-year-old，however，did.
46．A.worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
真题体验2 (2022·浙江1月)
Ms Burdeyney 53 that she was hoping to do more for the research project.“I just want
to bring 54. light into people’s eyes and this is just the 55.beginning.There is still a long way to
go.”
53．A.commented B．learned
C．reminded D．added
Do you think you have what it takes to be a successful scientist？A successful scientist is
generally a good observer.He makes full 1 of the facts he observes.He doesn’t accept ideas
which are not 2 on obvious facts，and therefore 3 to accept authority as the only
truth.He always checks ideas 4 and makes experiments to prove them.
The rise of modern science may perhaps be considered to 5 as far back as the time of
Roger Bacon，the wonderful philosopher of Oxford，who lived between the years 1214 and
1292.He was probably the first in the Middle Ages to 6 that we should learn science 7
observing and experimenting on the things around us，and he himself 8 many important
truths.
Galileo(1564－1642)， 9 ，who lived more than 300 years later，was the greatest of
several great men in Italy，France，Germany，and England，who began to show how many
important 10 could be discovered by observation by degrees.Before Galileo，learned men
believed that large bodies 11 more rapidly towards the earth than small ones， 1 2
Aristotle said so.But Galileo，going to the 13 of the Leaning Tower of Pisa，let fall two
14 stones and proved Aristotle was wrong.It is Galileo’s 15 of going direct to nature，
and proving our 16 and theories by experiment，which has 17 all the discoveries of
modern science.
What 18 those people good scientists？From the example of Galileo，we know clearly
that 19 scientists are those whose observations have 20 better results.
1．A.use B．sense
C．speed D．trust
2．A.relied B．based
C．insisted D．centered
3．A.refuses B．desires
C．intends D．regrets
4．A.casually B．carefullyC．quickly D．privately
5．A.date B．keep
C．look D．come
6．A.command B．suspect
C．suggest D．conclude
7．A.in B．with
C．on D．by
8．A.brought B．discovered
C．handled D．announced
9．A.however B．therefore
C．seldom D．never
10．A.truths B．problems
C．investigations D．subjects
11．A.threw B．fell
C．ran D．rolled
12．A.although B．because
C．when D．if
13．A.place B．foot
C．top D．ceiling
14．A.big B．small
C．similar D．unequal
15．A.spirit B．skill
C．theory D．wish
16．A.plans B．opinions
C．world D．ability
17．A.led to B．turned to
C．set up D．put forward
18．A.makes B．prevents
C．considers D．promises
19．A.reasonable B．successful
C．expert D．sensitive
20．A.foreseen B．rejected
C．produced D．challenged
