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语法填空是对考生语法和上下文的语境理解的考查，要求考生具备语法知识、语篇知识、
单词拼写和逻辑推理的能力等。
有提示词 无提示词
短 非
谓 词 比
体 文 谓 限
年份 卷别 话题 语 性 名 代 较 冠 介 连 代 副
裁 词 语 定
动 转 词 词 等 词 词 词 词 词
数 动 词
词 换 级
词
说 第一个
全国
明 国际 230 1 3 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
乙卷
文 茶日
记
全国 徒步
2022 叙 230 1 3 2 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
甲卷 旅行
文
新高考 说
GPNP
全国 明 225 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0
计划
Ⅰ卷 文
说
全国 生态
明 198 0 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0
乙卷 旅游
文
记 游览
全国
2021 叙 西安 176 2 2 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
甲卷
文 古城墙
新高考 记
游览
全国 叙 201 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 2 0 0 0
黄山
Ⅰ卷 文
中国无
说
全国 人探测
明 210 3 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1
2020 Ⅰ卷 器登月
文
成功
全国 说 新年 205 1 3 3 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0明 装饰物
Ⅱ卷 文 的美好
寓意
记
全国 自然
叙 229 2 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0
Ⅲ卷 母亲
文
新高考 说 博物馆
全国 明 相关 204 3 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0
Ⅰ卷 文 知识
语法填空可分为有提示词类和无提示词类两种考查方式。一般情况下，七个小题为有提
示词类，常考查动词、名词、代词、形容词和副词；三个小题为无提示词类，常考查介词、
冠词、连词和代词。所以在复习备考中，我们要准确掌握以上词类的用法，才能巧解和破解
语法填空题。
第 1 讲 有提示词类——动词
动词一般考查谓语动词、非谓语动词和动词的词性转换。看到一个句子后，首先要确定
其是用谓语动词还是用非谓语动词，然后再根据句意和相应的技法确定谓语动词或非谓语动
词的具体形式。如果判断发现此空既不是谓语动词也不是非谓语动词，那就应该考虑动词的
词性转换了。
考点一 谓语动词的考查
技法一 如何确定是否作谓语
技法指导：句子结构分析法 典例展示
1.分析句子结构知此句为简单句，在主语后面 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)The GPNP 60.
(design) to reflect the guiding principle of
要填动词，而且只有这一个动词，则该空格应
“protecting the authenticity and integrity(完
填谓语动词。 整性) of natural ecosystems，preserving
2.分析句子结构知此句为并列句，可知并列词 biological diversity，protecting ecological
buffer zones,61.and leaving behind precious
前后两个句子都要有自己的谓语动词。
natural assets(资产) for future
3.分析句子结构知此句为复合句，可知主句和 generations”．
从句都要有自己的谓语动词。 分析句子结构可知，此句虽长，却是一个
注意 简单句。设空处在句中作谓语，和句子的1.根据语境、并列谓语、时间标志词等确定用
哪种时态； 主语The GPNP之间为被动关系；叙述客
2.根据主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关 观事实，应用一般现在时。故设空处应为
系以确定语态； 一般现在时的被动语态；主语是单数，谓
语应用单数形式。故填is designed。
3.根据主语确定谓语动词的数，做到主谓一
致。
技法二 如何确定谓语动词的时态
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
1.Every time I go home to see my
father，he often fishes(fish) in the
认清常考时态的标志性时间状语
river near our village.
(1)看到often，usually，always，every
2.Qizai was found(find) as a weak
time，sometimes等时间状语，要想到用
baby panda in 2009 in Qinling
一般现在时。
Mountains.
(2)看到yesterday，last year，in 2022，the
3.The exam results will be put(put)
other day，two days ago，一段时间＋later
up tomorrow afternoon.Please wait
等时间状语，要想到用一般过去时。
patiently.
(3)看到tomorrow，next year，in a week，
4.The twins are helping(help) their
1.慧眼识 in the future，soon等时间状语，要想到
mother do the housework at this
别标志词 用一般将来时。
moment.
(4)看到at this moment，at present，now
5.(2022·全国甲)In the last five
等时间状语，要想到用现在进行时。
years，Cao has walked(walk)
(5)看到since，recently，lately，already，
through 34 countries in six
in the last/past few years，so far/up to
continents，and in 2016，he
now，for＋时间段，ever since...等时间状
reached the top of Kilimanjaro，
语，要想到用现在完成时。
Africa’s highest mountain.
(6)看到by then，by the end of...等时间状
6.By about 6000 BC，people had
语，要想到用过去完成时。
discovered(discover) the best crops
to grow and animals to raise.
7.There，he not only did well as a
(1)可根据并列连词and，but，or，rather
student but also became(become)
than，neither...nor...，not only...but also...
an accomplished public speaker.
2.瞻前顾 等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动
8.The elephants invaded farms，
后找并列 词的时态。
visited(visit) a car dealership and
(2)同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列
even showed up at a retirement
谓语，谓语动词时态要一致。
home.9.I was driving(drive) down to
掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题快速且 London when I suddenly found
行之有效的方式，因此平时要积累并熟 that I was on the wrong road.
记一些常用句式。如： 10.This marks the first time that
(1)was/were doing sth.when sb.did... categorical rhythm has been
(2)had (just) done sth.when＋一般过去时 found(find) in a nonhuman
3.通过
(3)This/It/That is the first/second...time that mammal.
“常 用
sb.have/has done... 11.I say to him with a cheerful
句式”法
(4)This/It/That was the first/second...time smile，“Go to exercise and you
that sb.had done... will feel(feel) better.”
(5)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，陈述句用一 12.Therefore，it is high time that
般将来时 we took/should take(take) effective
(6)It’s (high) time that...did/should do sth. measures to improve the current
situation.
分析句子结构，发现提示词作谓语，而
13.The word “thermopolium”
4.通过 没有标志性的时间状语，且其他参照物
literally meant “a place where
“语境暗 都不明显的情况下，通过正确理解语境
something hot is sold(sell)” at
示”法 即通过题干中的语境暗示解题，也是解
that time.
决时态问题的一种行之有效的方法。
技法三 如何确定谓语动词的语态
解题思路 技法点拨 针对训练
1.On the last day of our week-long
stay，we were invited (invite) to
(1)分析句子结构，发现提示词
attend a private concert on a
作谓语，若与主语之间是主动
beautiful farm on the North Shore.
关系，应考虑用主动语态；若
2.(2020·全国Ⅰ)Carle Pieters，a
是被动关系则考虑用被动语
scientist at Brown University，
态。
says，“because it means we have
1.依据逻辑关系， (2)被动语态的基本形式为：be
the chance to obtain information
辨析主动或被动 ＋过去分词，不同形式的被动
about how the moon is
语态的结构见下面的【注
constructed(construct)．”
意】。
3.(2022·河南许平汝联盟三
(3)运用上面的技法来判断是什
么时态的被动语态，再根据主 模)Rather，it is seen(see) as a
谓一致判断be动词的形式。 typical reaction to the growing
awareness of the problems that can
result from climate change andother global threats.
(1)当feel，look，smell，taste， 4.There are many flowers in the
sound等后面接形容词时； garden，which smell (smell) so
(2)当cut，read，sell，wear， sweet that they attract many
write，wash等作不及物动词表 butterflies.
2.牢记主动表被动 示主语内在“品质”或“性 5.The coat you bought for me is
含义的句式结构 能”时； made of a kind of cloth
(3)当break out，take place，shut washing(wash) easily.
off，turn off，work out等动词 6.Great changes have taken(take)
短语表示“发生，关闭，制 place in my hometown in the past
定”等意思时。 ten years.
注意 不同时态的被动语态的构成
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
shall/will be should/would be
一般 am/is/are done was/were done
done done
am/is/are being was/were being
进行 — —
done done
have/has been shall/will have should/would
完成 had been done
done been done have been done
含有情态动词 情态动词＋be＋done
技法四 如何确定谓语动词的单复数形式(主谓一致)
解题原则 技法点拨 针对训练
(1)动名词、动词不定式、从句、不 1.(2022·浙江1月)Travelling to
定代词作主语时，谓语动词常用单 conferences，lectures，workshops，
数。 and the like—frequently by plane—is
(2)主语后接介词短语或其他插入 viewed/has been viewed(view) as
语，如with，together with，as well important for scientists to get together
as，like，but，except，along with， and exchange information.
1.语法
rather than，including，in addition to 2.(2019·天津改编)Amy，as well as
一致原则
等，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语 her brothers，was given(give) a warm
保持一致。 welcome when returning to the village
(3)and，both...and...连接两个不同的 last week.
主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；但 3.The poet and writer has(have)
是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同 produced many works，some of
一概念，兼具身份或匹配出现时， which have been translated into谓语动词用单数形式。
(4)定语从句中关系代词作主语时，
从句中的谓语动词的数要与先行词 foreign languages.
保持一致。 4.My friend showed me around the
(5)“many a/more than one＋单数名 town，which was(be) very attractive.
词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 5.Many a parent has(have) had to go
each，every，no所修饰的名词作主 through this same painful process.
语时，即使有and连接，谓语动词仍
用单数。
(1)由or，either...or...， 6.Not only the students but also their
neither...nor...，not only...but teacher was(be) moved deeply by the
(also)．..，not...but...等连接的并列主 moving story.
2.就近一 语，谓语动词的数通常与最近的主 7.(2022·陕西咸阳模拟)Even though
致原则 语保持一致。 there are(be) more opportunities to
(2)由there，here引起的句子中主语 go out and do fun things in the city，it
不止一个时，谓语动词的数通常和 may take focus away from your
最近的主语保持一致。 studies.
(1)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一
个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若
被看作是构成集体的一个个成员， 8.The class were(be) doing
谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体 experiment when the teacher came in.
名词有：family，class，team，group 9.The sick have been cured and the
3.意义 等。 lost have been found.(have)
一致原则 (2)“the＋形容词”表示一类人在句 10.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Often，only
中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形 a small part of a museum’s
式。 collection is(be) on display.Most of it
(3)由分数、百分数或者some，a part is stored away or used for research.
of等修饰时，要根据所修饰的名词
确定谓语动词的单复数。
注意 what引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式，但如果表语是复数名词，则
谓语动词用复数形式。What the school needs are qualified teachers.
考点二 非谓语动词的考查
技法一 如何确定是非谓语动词典例展示 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
56． (cover) an area about three times 57.the size of Yellowstone National Park，
the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
分析句子结构可知，此句没有并列连词，知不是并列句，也没有从属连词，知不是复合
句，可以确定此句是简单句；此句话已经有了谓语动词will be，所以该空应填非谓语动词。
分析句子结构可知，该词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语是 the GPNP，它们是主动关系，所以
应用现在分词形式；此空位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
技法二 如何确定作主语和表语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.Carrying(carry) a large quantity of
cash could put the owner in danger as
1.分析句子结构，找到句子的谓语部
robberies quite often happened along
分，其前设空可能是缺少主语。如果是
the way.
不具体的抽象的动作一般用-ing形式作
2.(2019·全国Ⅲ)On our way to the
非谓语动 主语；如果是具体的动作一般用不定式
house，it was raining so hard that we
词作主语 作主语。
couldn’t help wondering how long
2.掌握一些it充当形式主语，动词-ing
it would take to get(get) there.
形式/不定式作真正主语的句型，常见
3.(2021·全国甲)It is possible to
句型见下面的【注意】。
walk(walk) or bike the entire 14
kilometers.
4.The day is to celebrate (celebrate)
the importance and role of philosophy
1.现在分词作表语，意为“令人感
in our lives.
到……的”。
5.(2018·全国Ⅲ)I quickly lower
2.动名词作表语，表示对主语内容的进
非谓语动 myself，ducking my head to avoid
一步说明和解释。
词作表语 looking directly into his eyes so he
3.过去分词作表语，意为“本身感
doesn’t feel challenged(challenge).
到……的”。
6.Bioprinting may be a relatively new
4.不定式作表语，表将来或目的。
field but the results so far are
encouraging(encourage).注意 it充当形式主语，常见的动词-ing形式/不定式作真正主语的句型：
(1)It is/was＋形容词(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
(2)It is no use/good doing sth.
(3)It takes sb.some time to do sth.
(4)It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth.
技法三 如何确定作宾语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.Some say it is necessary for
graduates to spend money in
1.介词和带介词的固定搭配后一定跟 producing (produce)
动名词作宾语。 embellished resumes and
2.带介词to的短语后也跟动名词作宾 buying suitable clothes.
语。常见的带介词to的短语见下面的 2.I won’t call myself the
作介词的宾语
【注意】。 most accomplished person
3.介词but/except后接不定式作宾语， when it comes to holding
且前面有实义动词do时，不定式要省 (hold) chopsticks.
略to。 3.The windows were never
opened except to air(air) the
room for a few minutes.
4.Practicestaying(stay)
highly aware of your
breath，your presence，and
avoid，advise，appreciate，allow，
your thoughts，and you will
admit，consider(考虑)，deny，delay，
be completely yourself.
enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，
只能跟动名词作宾 5.You may enjoy using it to
imagine，mind，miss，permit，
语的动词和短语 do research for a school
practice，quit，risk，suggest，give
project，
up，be worth，put off，insist on，
downloading(download)
keep on，succeed in等。
your favorite songs or
communicating with friends
and family.
agree，arrange，aim，afford， 6.(2022·浙江1月)That
choose，demand，decide， approach brought Cobb’s
只能跟不定式作宾
determine，desire，expect，fail， air travel last year down by
语的动词
hope，long(渴望)，learn，manage， 75%，and she plans to
offer，pretend，plan，promise， continue(continue) theprepare，refuse，want，wish等。 practice.
7.(2018·天津)I didn’t
mean to eat(eat) anything
but the ice cream looked so
good that I couldn’t help
既可跟动名词作宾
trying(try) it.
语，又可跟不定式
8.(2018·浙江)I still
作宾语但表达含义
remember visiting(visit) a
不同的动词短语
friend who’d lived here for
five years and I was shocked
when I learnt she hadn’t
cooked once in all that time.
注意 常见的带介词to的短语：be/get used to习惯于；stick to坚持；object to/be opposed to
反对；lead to导致；devote to献身于；be sentenced to被判处……(徒刑)；when it comes to当
提及；look forward to盼望；add to加上；get down to着手做；be addicted to对……上瘾；
be/get accustomed to习惯于；adjust to/adapt oneself to适应等。
技法四 如何确定作宾语补足语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
表示主动和正在进行用doing。常
1.(2020·全国Ⅲ)And when he saw
跟doing作宾补的动词有感官动
the mists rising from the river and
词feel，hear，listen to，see，
the soft clouds
现在分词作宾补 look at，watch，notice，
surrounding(surround) the
observe；使役动词get，have；其
mountain tops，he was reduced to
他动词catch，find，keep，leave
tears.
等。
表示被动和完成用done。常跟 2.(2022·四川绵阳诊断)Most of
过去分词作宾补 done作宾补的动词有感官动词 these individuals are senior citizens
feel，hear，listen to，see，look in search of new friends andat，watch，notice，observe；使
activities to keep themselves
役动词get，have，make；其他动
occupied(occupy).
词find，keep，leave等。
1.常跟不定式作宾补的动词有：
advise，allow，appoint，cause，
3.(2020·浙江1月)Something
challenge，order，command，
significant is happening to the
permit，encourage，expect，
world population—it is aging.The
drive，enable，forbid，force，
median(中间的) age of an
inspire，instruct，invite，
American in 1950 was 30—today
不定式作宾补 persuade，warn等。
it is 41 and is expected to
2.常跟不带to的不定式作宾补的
increase(increase) to 42 by 2050.
动词或短语有感官动词feel，
4.My wallet was seen to
hear，listen to，see，look at，
drop(drop) by a girl when she
watch，notice，observe；使役动
passed by.
词let，have，make等。但在变为
被动语态时需要加上to。
5.(2022·福建泉州质检)With the
new snow season
beginning(begin) in China，
enthusiastic skiers and
在with复合结构中也可以用非谓 snowboarders have been eager to
with复合结构中 语动词作宾语补足语，常见的结 get back on the slopes.
的宾语补足语 构如下： 6.He sat in my room for a few
with＋宾语＋ minutes with his eyes fixed(fix)
on the poster on the wall.
7.With so many people to
help(help) us，we are confident
that we can finish the task on time.
技法五 如何确定作定语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.动词-ing形式作定语表示主动、正 1.(2022·河南洛阳期末)On the
在进行。 flight heading(head) home，Meng
动词-ing形 2.若表示被动且正在发生的动作用 expressed her thanks to the
式作定语 being done 结构。 country.
3.表示心理状态的动词-ing形式的形 2.The tall building being
容词，意为“令人……的”。 built(build) now is our new school.3.(2022·全国甲)Inspired by the
1.动词-ed形式作定语表示被动、完
Belt and Road Forum for
成。
International Cooperation
动词-ed形 2.动词-ed形式的形容词，意为“(人)
held(hold) in Beijing，Cao
式作定语 感到……的”，也可修饰体现内心感
decided to cover the route by
受的名词，如：look，expression，
hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the
face，voice等。
ancient Silk Road.
4.(2022·全国甲)A visually-
challenged man from Beijing
1.由序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名
recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to
词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。
Xi’an，as a first step to
2.由the only，the just，the next等修饰
journey(journey) the Belt and Road
的名词(代词)后常用不定式作定语。 route(路线) by foot.
3.以下名词ability，attempt，chance， 5.Nobody expected a shortage of
不定式
desire，eagerness，potential，way， stuffed pandas when China won
作定语
right，time，wish，decision等和代词 the rights to host(host) the 2022
something，anything，nothing等后常 Winter Olympics.
用不定式作定语。 6.We are having a meeting in half
4.若表示被动且将要发生的动作用to an hour.The decision to be
be done 结构。 made(make) at the meeting will
influence the future of our
company.
技法六 如何确定作状语的非谓语动词
考查方向 解题思路 针对训练
1.(2022·全国乙)To strengthen the
1.句子的主语是分词动作 connection with young people，the
的逻辑主语，而且与该动 event included a number of public
词为主动关系。 promotional activities on social
2.表示自然而然的意料之 media，inviting(invite) twenty-nine
动词-ing形式作状语 中的结果用-ing形式作状 tea professionals from around the
语。 world to have thirty-six hours of
3.如果分词的动作早于谓 uninterrupted live broadcasts.
语动词发生，则该分词要 2.Having lost(lose) all my old
用having done形式。 friends，I felt lonely and shy at my
new school.
动词-ed形式作状语
句子的主语是分词动作的 3.Attracted(attract) by the beauty of逻辑主语，而且与该动词 nature，he decided to spend another
为被动关系。 two days in the village.
1.不定式可以用作目的状
语。 4.He got up early and hurried to the
2.only to do sth.为不定式 bus station，only to find(find) the
作结果状语，表示出乎意 early train had gone.
料的结果。 5.(2019·全国Ⅰ)Modern methods of
不定式作状语 3.形容词作表语时，后接 tracking polar bear populations have
不定式作状语表原因。 been employed only since the
4.“主语＋系动词＋表语 mid-1980s，and are expensive to
(形容词)＋to do”句式 perform (perform) consistently over
中，不定式的主动形式表 a large area.
示被动意义。
若句子的主语不是非谓语 6.Weather permitting(permit)，we
动词的逻辑主语，且在该 are going to have a picnic.
独立主格作状语 词前有自己的主语，就构 7.The president shot(shoot) to
成了独立主格结构，常见 death，the whole country was in
的形式有：n./pron.＋ deep sorrow.
有的非谓语动词作状语不
需要判断与逻辑主语的关
系，为独立成分作状语，
常见的形式有：generally 8.Judging(judge) from what he
speaking一般来说 said，he was not satisfied with the
judging by/from...根 result.
独立成分作状语
据……来判断 9.Given(give) your health，you’d
considering...考虑到…… better resign from the company and
to tell you the truth说实话 go to the seaside to relax yourself.
given...考虑到……
compared with/to与……
相比较
考点三 动词的词性转换的考查
如果所给动词既不作谓语，也不作非谓语，则一般应进行词性转换，通常加后缀变为名
词。常见的动词变名词的后缀有以下几种。
常见后缀 例词-ment development，achievement，argument，movement，amazement 等
relation，addiction，intention，determination，transportation，communication
-ion/-ation
等
-ing meeting，greeting，drawing，painting，parking，writing 等
waiter，travel(l)er，farmer，worker，teacher，reporter，sailor，survivor，
-er/-or/-ar
liar，beggar等
-ance/-ence assistance，importance，performance，existence，acceptance等
-al survival，arrival，approval，refusal，proposal 等
1．(2021·全国乙)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become
educated about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics，
and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development(develop) of the local
areas.
2．(2022·全国甲)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote
environmental protection(protect)．
3．Bing Dwen Dwen，a panda cub dressed in a full-body ice shell，has become a major attraction
of the Winter Olympics，winning the hearts of athletes，politicians，media and audiences over
the globe with its chubby(圆胖的) appearance(appear)．
4．A possible winner(win) for “Best Pun” might show Peter Rabbit，the character from The
Tale of Peter Rabbit，with a tail made of marshmallow fluff(棉花糖)．
5．Rainforests have their own perfect system for ensuring their own survival(survive)．
Group 1 达标练
1．Evan is a wildlife photographer.Once，two tigers ran(run) past him，stopped a meter away
from his truck and began to fight.
2．The Big Tidy Up was started in 2008 and volunteers in the UK have collected(collect) more
than 50,000 bags of litter in streets and parks up to now.
3．Many schools organise events in September to tidy(tidy) up their areas.
4．Parents these days seem to protect their children more than ever before.And yet the truth is that
children must be given(give) the opportunity to take risks in order to aid their development
(develop)．
5．As much as artistic appreciation，physical fitness and recreation，calligraphy is becoming(become) a part of life among many Chinese people.Therefore，another Golden Age of Chinese
calligraphy is coming.
6．You might like holding a door open for people or visiting(visit) lonely elderly people in
nursing homes.
7．To find(find) out if you have what it takes to be a “cat whisperer”，take the fun cat faces
quiz created(create) by the study’s researchers.
8．Besides，what distinguishes us from animals is(be) that we know we need to explore.
9．With more rural residents spending(spend) time on leisure activities，the tourism market and
travel companies will embrace(拥抱) new growth in the future.
10．Before it was brought to New Zealand about a century ago and became world-renowned as
kiwifruit，this humble fruit had been planted(plant) as “Chinese gooseberry” for almost 1,500
years.
Group 2 真题练
1．“...It can help to build a community with a shared(share) future for mankind，” he said.
(2022·全国乙)
2．The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were(be) previously
unprotected，bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority to
increase(increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ)
3．But Cobb and others are(be) now questioning that idea—pushing conferences to provide more
chances to participate remotely and changing (change) their personal behavior to do their part in
dealing with the climate change crisis.(2022·浙江1月)
4．He flew 4,700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20，planning(plan) to hike back to
Xi’an in five months.(2022·全国甲)
5．There has been(be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20
years，caused(cause) largely by rising global temperatures，according to a new report from the
United Nations.(2021·北京)
6．I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage，thinking(think) it is food.
(2021·新高考全国Ⅱ)
7．You can’t help wondering how hard it was(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into
place.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
8．Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain，still it highlights the whole
adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your aching(ache) legs.
(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ)
9．It is calculated by dividing a person’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared，and a
BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered(consider) healthy.(2021·浙江1月)
10．In 1985，urban men and women in more than three quarters of the countries studied(study)had higher BMIs than men and women in rural areas.(2021·浙江1月)
A
(2022·福建龙岩一模)
Chinese taikonauts，Zhai Zhigang，Wang Yaping，and Ye Guangfu，conducted the science
lecture 400 kilometers above Earth.They interacted with students from five classrooms across
China and showed viewers 1. they live and work inside the space station.
When 2. (reply) to a Hong Kong student’s question about water，Wang
explained that the water they drink 3. (recycle)，noting that there is no difference in
taste 4. regular water and recycled water and every drop of water is made full use of
there.In an experiment，she created a water film using a metal ring and a bag 5. (fill) with
water.Then she placed on the water film a paper flower bud(花蕾) prepared by her daughter and her
before the journey.The bud turned around 6. (magical) on the film and
“blossomed”．
Zhai 7. (introduce) the “penguin jumpsuit” Ye was wearing during the class.The
suit has multiple flexible bands inside to help the astronauts maintain their muscle 8.
(strong)．
Ye demonstrated experiments related to cell growth in the 9. (weight) environment
in space.They compared 10. growth and shape of cells in artificial gravity and zero-gravity
to study their changing rules and mechanisms.
语篇解读 本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了中国宇航员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富在距地球
400千米的太空进行的科学讲座。
1．答案 how
解析 考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，应用连
接副词how来引导。故填how。
2．答案 replying
解析 考查非谓语动词。该空动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语 Wang，与其是主谓关系，应用
现在分词作状语。故填replying。
3．答案 is recycled
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，recycle与其逻辑主语the water之
间是被动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语 the water是不可数名词，
所以谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填is recycled。
4．答案 between
解析 考查介词。between...and...为固定搭配，意为“在……与……之间”。故填between。5．答案 filled
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知， (fill) with water作后置定语，修饰名词
bag，因此空处应用非谓语动词，fill与其逻辑主语bag之间是被动关系，所以应用过去分词
形式。故填filled。
6．答案 magically
解析 考查副词。分析句子可知，提示词修饰动词短语 turned around，应填副词形式
magically，意为“神奇地”。
7．答案 introduced
解析 考查动词时态。分析句子可知，introduce是句中谓语动词，与主语Zhai之间是主动
关系，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填introduced。
8．答案 strength
解析 考查名词。根据空格前形容词性物主代词their可知，应填入名词strength构成名词词
组muscle strength作宾语，意为“肌肉强度”。
9．答案 weightless
解析 考查形容词。根据句意可知，提示词作定语修饰名词 environment，应用形容词形式，
结合常识，此处表示“失重的环境”。故填weightless。
10．答案 the
解析 考查冠词。句中指人工重力和零重力条件下细胞的“生长和形状”，表特指，用定冠
词。故填the。
B
(2022·陕西西安模拟)
If you 1. (see) a piece of CNY 20 before，you may have an impression of the
back picture of it.Reputed as the most beautiful landscape in China，Guilin scenery is not just
worth CNY 20 only.
The crystal Li River turns around in Xingping Ancient Town.So the highlight is emerged
here.Most people may think the sunny day is the best weather for catching photos.But in Li River，
it is not！2. (bury) yourself in this picturesque scenery，you should forget that you
have to wear a raincoat.If you are lucky enough to have a bamboo rafting from Yangdi to Xingping
on a foggy day，you will catch the best moment of your life.
The weather on the river is 3. (change)，one minute is fine 4. the next minute
will be rain.At this time，only layout of the hills can 5. (spot)．The shape of hills is
blur ， and the river in my eyes is green.Even if you are just a person without rich 6.
(imagine)，you can draw a picture in your mind immediately.The landscape of Guilin is even
better than 7. of a fairy tale.
The representative of Li River scenery may 8. (probable) be the “NineHorses Painted Hill”．To find out the nine horses in different poses on the wall is always the joy
for people 9. holiday.It is said that if you can count the horses from the first to the
10. (nine)，you will be rich and intelligent in the future.
1．答案 have seen
解析 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处动词作谓语，根据时间状语before以及语
境，此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应该用现在完成时，从句主语是 you。故
填have seen。
2．答案 To bury
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用非谓语动词作状语，表示目的，且动
词bury和其逻辑主语you之间是主动关系，应该用to do形式。故填To bury。
3．答案 changeable
解析 考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词作 be 动词的表语。故填
changeable。
4．答案 while
解析 考查连词。根据句意可知，前一分钟晴好，下一分钟又下雨，此处表示对比，应用连
词while连接句子。故填while。
5．答案 be spotted
解析 考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语layout of the hills与动词spot是被动关系，
且设空处位于情态动词can后面。故填be spotted。
6．答案 imagination
解析 考查名词。分析句子结构可知，rich是形容词，修饰名词，设空处应该填名词形式作
介词without的宾语，且名词imagination“想象力”，是不可数名词。故填imagination。
7．答案 that
解析 考查指示代词。此处指代前文提到的“The landscape”，应该用that。故填that。
8．答案 probably
解析 考查副词。分析句子结构可知，此处应该用副词形式修饰谓语。故填probably。
9．答案 on
解析 考查介词。on holiday表示“在度假”，是固定搭配。故填on。
10．答案 ninth
解析 考查序数词。分析句子结构可知，此处和前文 the first并列，应该用序数词。故填
ninth。强化练(二十八) 语法填空(1)
A
(2022·安徽马鞍山三模)
With five thousand years of creative efforts，the Chinese cuisine has become increasingly
popular.Modern China enjoys a worldwide reputation as the “kingdom of cuisine”．
The endless variety of natural materials 1. methods of preparation employed in
Chinese cuisine stand out unequaled in the world ， which may account for the 2.
(universe) popularity of Chinese restaurants and cooking overseas.The three key elements，by 3.
Chinese cooking is judged，are known as “color，aroma and taste”．They are achieved by
combining a series of delicate 4. (activity)．
Visitors to China are often surprised when a typical dinner for a table of eight people 5.______
(consist) of cold and hot dishes ， with soup and steamed rice.Often beer and wine 6.
(serve) as well.When toasting each other ， people usually dry up their glasses 7.
(convey) the message that they are sincere and joyful.8. ，it is quite
acceptable for a foreign guest to take a little instead of emptying the glass.While the custom strikes
a foreign visitor as 9. (particular) strange，it shows one key aspect that fine food and
good drink,10. (take) in the company of good friends，make up one of our supreme
pleasures in life.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国菜的历史、评价标准以及富有中国特色
的饮食文化。
1．答案 and
解析 考查连词。“The endless variety of natural materials”以及空后的“methods of
preparation employed in Chinese cuisine”共同担当了本句的主语，为并列关系，所以用连词
and。故填and。
2．答案 universal
解析 考查形容词。修饰名词popularity，用形容词形式。故填universal。
3．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。句中先行词为“The three key elements”，在非限制性定语从句中担
当介词by的宾语，只能用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．答案 activities
解析 考查名词复数。根据上文的a series of可知，其后名词为可数名词的复数形式。故填
activities。
5．答案 consists解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据上文的“are often surprised”可知，本句时态为一
般现在时；主语为a typical dinner，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；动词短语consist of
无被动语态。故填consists。
6．答案 are served
解析 考查时态和语态。根据often可知，本句为一般现在时；主语为beer and wine，视作
复数，且和动词serve之间存在被动关系。所以空处为一般现在时的被动语态。故填 are
served。
7．答案 to convey
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中用不定式作目的状语，表示“为了”。故填to convey。
8．答案 However/Nevertheless
解析 考查副词。根据句意可知，上下文存在转折关系，且出现在句首，首字母要大写。故
填However/Nevertheless。
9．答案 particularly
解析 考查副词。修饰形容词strange用副词形式。故填particularly。
10．答案 taken
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。句中主语 fine food
and good drink与take之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填taken。
B
The impact of pandemic(流行病) on life expectancy(预期寿命)，one of the most widely used
standards to assess population health，was assessed by a study 1. (publish) in the
Informational Journal of Epidemiology.The study 2. (conduct) by the Oxford
University’s Leverhulme Centre for Demographic(人口的) Science.
The study revealed that women from 15 countries and men from 10 ended up 3. a
lower life expectancy at birth in 2020 compared to 2015.4. biggest drops in life
expectancy，however，were witnessed in men instead of women in most countries.American men
were the worst off，with 2.2 years shaved off their life expectancy at birth.Men in Lithuania faced
the second 5. (large) impact on their life expectancy，with a cut of 1.7 years.
Reductions in life expectancy overall 6. (occur) in 27 of the 29 countries
analyzed by the study.Only men and women in Denmark and Norway and women in Finland
managed to 7. (successful) avoid drops in life expectancy，the study said.Non-
pharmaceutical interventions and strong healthcare systems in these countries were cited as 8.
(factor) that could help explain this.
All the countries 9. life expectancy dropped had taken an average of 5－6
years 10. (achieve)．Just a one-year increase in life expectancy.The pandemic wipedout of this progress，the study said.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是一项研究发现——大流行病使人的预期寿
命下降。
1．答案 published
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中谓语是“was assessed”，空格处是非谓
语动词，study和publish是被动关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。故填
published。
2．答案 was conducted
解析 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。由by可知，句子用被动语态，由上文可知，这个
研究是过去进行的，因此空格处用一般过去时的被动语态，主语“The study”是单数，谓语
动词用第三人称单数形式。故填was conducted。
3．答案 with
解析 考查介词。end up with是固定短语，意为“以……结束/告终”。故填with。
4．答案 The
解析 考查定冠词。biggest是最高级，前面用定冠词the，位于句首，首字母大写，故填
The。
5．答案 largest
解析 考查形容词最高级。the second后跟最高级，the second largest意为“第二大”，故填
largest。
6．答案 occurred
解析 考查动词时态。通篇时态是一般过去时，因此空格处用过去时。故填occurred。
7．答案 successfully
解析 考查副词。空格处用副词修饰动词avoid，故填successfully。
8．答案 factors
解析 考查名词复数。“Non-pharmaceutical interventions and strong healthcare systems”是复
数，factor意为“因素”，为可数名词。故填factors。
9．答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词 countries在从句
中作地点状语，因此空格处填关系副词where。
10．答案 to achieve
解析 考查非谓语动词。“it takes/took sb.some time to do sth.”是固定句型，意为“某人花
时间做某事”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式。空格处所在句子是此固定句型的
变形，因此空格处用不定式。故填to achieve。C
(2022·江西赣州一模)
Happiness does not appear to be associated with age，gender，race，or geographical
location.Instead，it 1. (relate) to the feeling you have when you are self-satisfied.Researchers
have found that happy people tend to be 2. (energy)，decisive，flexible，creative，
and sociable and tend to look at the brighter side of life，and are more willing to help those in
need.Furthermore，happy people have high self-esteem and a sense of personal control，are
optimistic，and enjoy social support—that is，they have a large circle of friends and often engage
in rewarding social 3. (activity)．An important factor 4. (affect)
happiness is the tendency to compare one’s situation with 5. of other people.If you
feel that you are struggling to make ends meet while everyone around you 6. (appear) to
be living in comfort and 7. (secure)，you will feel less joy and more stress.Indeed，
surveys have shown that perceived wealth matters more than absolute wealth.8.
David G．Myers，a leader of the field of happiness research，points out，“Actual income
doesn’t much influence happiness; how satisfied we are 9. our income does.If
we’re content with our income，regardless of how much it is，we’re likely to say we’re
happy.10. (put) it another way，’Satisfaction isn’t so much getting what you want
as wanting what you have’．”
1．答案 is related
解析 考查时态及固定搭配。此句描述的是一般事实，故用一般现在时。根据句意可知，此
处考查短语be related to...，表示“与……有关”。主语it是单数，故填is related。
2．答案 energetic
解析 考查形容词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词形式，作表语。故填
energetic。
3．答案 activities
解析 考查名词复数。根据句意可知，此处泛指各种“社交活动”，activity意为“活动”，
为可数名词，故填activities。
4．答案 affecting
解析 考查现在分词。根据句意及句子结构可知，factor与affect是主谓关系，故用现在分
词，作后置定语，修饰An important factor，故填affecting。
5．答案 that
解析 考查代词。根据句意可知，此句是将自己的情况与其他人的情况进行比较，此处指同
类异物，特指，故用代词that指代situation，故填that。
6．答案 appears
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，提示词是分句谓语动词，本文的时态是一般现在时，主语everyone是单数，故谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式，故填appears。
7．答案 security
解析 考查名词。根据并列连词and可知，并列成分的词性需一致，故此处应填名词作宾语。
故填security。
8．答案 As
解析 考查连词。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填as，表示“正如”，引导非限制性
定语从句。置于句首，首字母大写，故填As。
9．答案 with
解析 考查介词。短语be satisfied with意为“对……满意”，故填with。
10．答案 To put
解析 考查不定式及固定搭配。to put it another way是固定搭配，意为“换句话说”。置于
句首，开头首字母应大写，故填To put。
D
(2022·陕西榆林三模)
Whoever has ever been to a Chinese restaurant may have experienced 1. unique set
of utensils(餐具)．Instead of a fork，you may have been handed two long 2. (stick)．
What are we talking about? Chopsticks ， of course! Experts believe they originated in
China.Chopsticks 3.______________(be) around for over 5,000 years.For example，a pair of
bronze chopsticks from 1200 BCE has been found in China.Experts believe the earliest chopsticks
were likely used to stir a fire or serve food during 4. (cook)．
Chopsticks you get in a Chinese restaurant are 5. (usual) made of wood.However，
they are also commonly made of bamboo.You can also find chopsticks 6. (make) out
of metal and bone.In China，chopsticks are called kuaizi，7. is a word made up of
characters meaning quick and “bamboo”．The English word “chopsticks” may come 8.
a common phrase that means “quickly chop”．
Chopsticks 9. (mean) to be useful but difficult to handle.They are held by the
main hand and used to pick up food.It takes a bit of practice 10. (feel) comfortable
when you use chopsticks to eat.With a little work，you’ll be eating with chopsticks in no time.
1．答案 a
解析 考查冠词。a set of为固定搭配，意为“一套……”，unique是以辅音音素开头的单
词。故填a。
2．答案 sticks
解析 考查名词复数。名词stick(棍子)是可数名词，前边有two修饰，所以要用复数形式。
故填sticks。
3．答案 have been解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。时间状语for over 5,000 years 用于现在完成时态；主语是
复数名词Chopsticks，故填have been。
4．答案 cooking
解析 考查名词。介词during后要接名词作宾语，cooking“烹饪”，不可数名词，故填
cooking。
5．答案 usually
解析 考查副词。此处用副词usually作状语，修饰谓语动词are made of。故填usually。
6．答案 made
解析 考查过去分词。此处用过去分词made作宾语补足语，与宾语chopsticks在逻辑上是
被动关系。故填made。
7．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。本句用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是kuaizi，关
系代词在从句中作主语。故填which。
8．答案 from
解析 考查介词。固定短语come from...意为“来自……”，故填from。
9．答案 are meant
解析 考查动词时态、主谓一致和固定搭配。固定短语 be meant to 意思是“公认，应该”，
在本句中作谓语，说的是一般状况，所以要用一般现在时态；而主语是复数名词
Chopsticks，故填are meant。
10．答案 to feel
解析 考查不定式。句中it是形式主语，不定式短语to feel comfortable是真正的主语。故填
to feel。
