文档内容
第 3 讲 说明文
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等
进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其
语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空
往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为考生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作
者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
解题要领 内容解读
明确说明对 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对
象，理清段落 其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，
关系。 理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。
把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理
弄清说明顺 解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关
序，把握作者 系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、
态度。 由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础
上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情
感和意图。
(2022·全国乙)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them，there’s
something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be
seen.
However，we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding.They often
cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are
hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our 45 research results in child
developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47
sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 .We then asked the child if she could
49 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn’t.The same 50
happened when the adult covered her own mouth： 51 children said that they couldn’t 52to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being
asked.The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what
was asked of them.Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you
only if you can see me，too.” They simply 58 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our
59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it is not a result of
egocentrism.In fact，children consider this method 60 when others use it.
41．A.following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
42．A.clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
43．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
44．A.supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
45．A.disappointing B．mixed
C．surprising D．desired
46．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
47．A.parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
48．A.feet B．nose
C．hands D．ears
49．A.see B．help
C．reach D．fool
50．A.event B．thing
C．action D．accident
51．A.Yet B．Now
C．Soon D．Once
52．A.speak B．listen
C．turn D．wave
53．A.instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
54．A.comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
55．A.partly B．honestlyC．vaguely D．exactly
56．A.responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
57．A.ability B．belief
C．identity D．purpose
58．A.hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
59．A.limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
60．A.tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective
文本整体感知
体裁 说明文
通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我
中心思想
中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认与尊重。
young children，hide and seek，cover，exposed，contradicted that
写作要素
idea，experiments，results，mutual recognition，effective
写作目的 文章展现的主题语境为人与自我，主题语境内容为认识自我
技法七 依常识，定答案
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生
在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大
大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确判断。
(1)生活常识
真题体验1 (2019·全国Ⅰ)
Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 ：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.58.Finally you
climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
57．A.village B．desert
C．road D．lake
59．A.permanent B．little
C．fresh D．artificial
真题体验2 (2021·全国乙)
One afternoon，while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was
46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous， 47 the emergency
medical team and good teamwork.
47．A.assessing B．requiring
C．forming D．proving(2)文化背景
真题体验3 (天津)
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was
Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was
filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words
flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17．A.member B．actress
C．player D．character
技法八 破难句，解句意
完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就
要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句
意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而作出正确判断。第41、44、59题便是一个难句。
真题体验 (2021·天津3月)
For Pruitt，a keen bicyclist，the first thing to do was 19.replace his stolen bike.But when he
went bike shopping，he found few available，which got him thinking: What if the 20 of
bikes was COVID-19 related，and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21
to get to work?
20．A.lack B．variety
C．increase D．quality
21．A.instruction B．qualification
C．transportation D．permission
(2022·江西重点中学盟校联考)
If you browse through a library，you’ll find a variety of books，from fiction to crime to
romance.And if you 1 through a city you’ll see a variety of people of 2 ages，body
shapes，skin colors and genders.
In Copenhagen，a(n) 3 library，The Human Library，offers books made of flesh and
bone instead of 4 —individuals from all walks of life or faced with 5 .The book titles are
short and to the point like transgender，former criminal or immigrant.Readers may borrow these
“books” for a thirty-minute 6 .
The human books are volunteers，and visiting readers are encouraged to ask those 7 or
embarrassing questions they’ve always wondered about.
The 8 idea first came to Ronni Abergel when he was troubled by the 9 that people
tended to drop people in little boxes with prejudice through a 10 knowledge of them.He 11
sitting down and meeting some of the people you normally might feel a little bit 12 about，
which will help you learn tremendously not only about them，but also about 13 .So the main idea of the Human Library is to 14 the assumptions and stereotypes(刻板印
象) that we 15 to have about other people.
Transgender volunteer Katy Jon Went is a regular host for the Human Library’s events，
saying “The best thing to remember is that you can ask them anything—the human ‘books’
are 16 offended，which is an incredibly rare 17 .”
Today 85 18 have a Human Library，from Norway and Hungary all the way to
Australia and Mongolia! The event is all about celebrating human 19 .It’s a celebration for
everyone 20 race，age，gender，or nationality.
1．A.drag B．cut
C．break D．wander
2．A.particular B．changeable
C．different D．general
3．A.national B．unusual
C．conventional D．optional
4．A.blood B．stories
C．paper D．material
5．A.discrimination B．choices
C．hardships D．questions
6．A.read B．conversation
C．negotiation D．time
7．A.ridiculous B．incredible
C．awkward D．delightful
8．A.original B．universal
C．sensible D．bright
9．A.survey B．assumption
C．evidence D．phenomenon
10．A.basic B．profound
C．practical D．limited
11．A.recommends B．commands
C．denies D．appreciates
12．A.certain B．uncomfortable
C．irritated D．enthusiastic
13．A.herself B．himself
C．yourself D．myself
14．A.confirm B．challenge
C．make D．disapprove15．A.opposed B．pretended
C．preferred D．used
16．A.always B．rarely
C．sometimes D．once
17．A.behavior B．activity
C．offer D．scene
18．A.countries B．cities
C．races D．peoples
19．A.kindness B．gratitude
C．tolerance D．diversity
20．A.regardless of B．on account of
C．in terms of D．because of
