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专题 18 阅读理解 说明文
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--测
（原卷版）
时间 50分钟 共 30小题 （每小题2分, 共60分）
班级____________ 姓名____________
名校最新测试卷 阅读理解（说明文）（共八篇）
1. (湖北省重点高中智学联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考)
If you go down to the woods today, you’re in for a big surprise: for the first time in thousands of years there will
be wild bison roaming in the UK.
Early today three European bison are to be released into West Blean and Thornden Woods in Kent in an attempt
to address the climate crisis and boost biodiversity.
Donovan Wright, a bison ranger with the Wilder Blean Project — a joint endeavour between Kent Wildlife Trust
and Wildwood Trust — told the Guardian the first animals to be released will be a 14-year-old matriarch (母野牛) and
two young females who come from herds in Scotland and Ireland, respectively. A male from Germany is set to arrive in
a month.
The hope is that the huge beasts will act as natural engineers, with behaviours such as the felling of certain trees
— a result of the bison stripping the bark off to eat or rubbing their fur off against them — giving a range of plant andanimal species a chance to prosper.
“It opens up the canopy (树冠), allowing the light to go through to the woodland floor,” Wright said, noting that
as the bison move through the undergrowth they create paths about half a metre wide, while they also love to dust
bathe, often reusing the same sites.
“Those become home for sand lizards and your pioneering plants,” said Wright, adding bison themselves are like
giant seed banks. “As they move they collect seeds, and then they are also spreading seeds along the route,” he said,
noting as wildflowers spring up, they attract insects and other pollinators, with their seeds a source of food for birds.
The project will also help with conservation of the European bison. “In 1927 they were classified as extinct in
the wild,” said Wright, adding the team have gained inspiration from projects in other countries, including the
Netherlands, where the European bison have been reintroduced.
Yesterday the three females set to be released in Kent were fitted with tracking collars, an approach that will
allow the team to plot the animals’ movements and glean insights into the plants they interact with.
Evan Bowen-Jones, the chief executive of Kent Wildlife Trust, said: “The restoration of naturally functioning
ecosystems is a vital and inexpensive tool in tackling the climate crisis. The bison will help to create climate-resistant
landscapes which can adapt to the challenges presented by the crisis we face.”
“We want Wilder Blean to mark the beginning of a new era for conservation in the UK. We need to revolutionise
the way we restore natural landscapes, relying less on human intervention and more on natural engineers like bison,
boar and beaver.”
28．Which of the following is not the advantage of releasing the bison?
A．Providing home for some animals and plants.
B．Acting as seed banks.
C．Attracting insects and other pollinators.
D．Preventing the European bison from dying out.
29．What is the function of the tracking collars?
A．Spreading the seeds.B．Protecting the bison.
B．Collecting the data. D．Tackling the climate crisis.
30．What is the Evan Bowen-Jones’ attitude towards the project?
A．Favorable.B．Tolerant. C．Curious. D．Opposed.
31．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The development of the European bison.
B．The project of releasing the European bison.
C．The way to boost biodiversity.
D．The protection of the European bison.
2.(北京市中关村中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月统练一英语试题)
There are many things we remember from our childhood—the games we played, the music we listened to, but
what about earning pocket money? This was our first ever wage for completing tasks such as tidying our bedroom or
sorting the laundry. Our reward was a handful of coins that we safely hid away. But now, it seems parents’ attitude to
handing out cash is changing.
There was a time when cash was king—it was the main currency for financial deals. These days, though, using
credit or debit cards, or making contactless payments, are the most convenient ways of paying. So where does that
leave handing over pocket money? Research has found that 84% of British parents currently give notes and coins to
their children— typically an allowance of £7 a week.
But banks predict that by 2028 only one in ten deals will be with cash, and that is something that today’s
children will have to deal with. One particular issue is that children may not understand the value of cash because they
never see it. Parents face difficult choices too— finding a new way to transfer pocket money, or maybe not bothering to
pay it at all.
Giving children lessons about finance at school is important. Children should be provided with financial literacy
at an early age. That is vital to ensure proper money management skills later in life, such as setting a realistic budget,
responsibly managing credit and debt, saving for unexpected expenses. The UK’s Money and Pensions Service advises
parents to get children started with money as young as possible. Sarah Porretta from the service told the BBC that for
parents who no longer carry cash, “The trick is to go and get some cash, just so your children have the opportunity to
interact with them. Talk about what you are doing with money. If you are paying with a card or with a phone, talk to
children about that and link it back to those coins they have handled.”
But, of course, many of the goods that young people want to buy—such as add-ons for a computer game—only
allow digital deals. This has led to a number of apps being set up that allow children to track and spend their hard-
earned pocket money and parents to transfer money electronically and monitor their child’s spending. Banks also
suggest setting up accounts for older children which gives them a cash card to use. But whatever method a parent
chooses to adopt, they need to teach their kids that money doesn’t grow on trees!
42．What can you learn from the passage?A．The custom of giving children pocket money is disappearing.
B．Banks predict people will pay most of the deals in cash by 2028.
C．It isn’t necessary for children to experience the course of using cash.
D．Cash-free payments are convenient ways of purchasing goods these days.
43．The underlined word “That” refers to _________.
A．digital deal
B．cash payment
C．financial literacy
D．pocket money
44．According to UK’s Money and Pensions Service’s advice, parents should _________.
A．offer chances for children to use cash
B．no longer carry cash when they go out
C．play some tricks with kids using the coins
D．play cards and make phone calls with children
45．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To stress the importance of paying in cash.
B．To introduce the development of pocket money.
C．To explain why the ways of payment are changing.
D．To develop children’s awareness of money management.
3. (广东省汕头市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中监测英语试题)
Leather-making in Florence dates back hundreds of years to the 13th century. A look at leather craftsmen in
Florence will help you know more about Italian leather.
The leather factory－PIEROTUCCI
Join a free tour of the factory and you’ll get a deep dive into the process of making a handbag. After seeing
what it takes to make a bag by hand, you’ll no longer wonder why PIEROTUCCI prices come with two zeros at the
end. And you’ll know that if you do spend the money, the bag will last forever
The leather shoe store—STEFANO BEMER
STEFANO BEMER was famous for its hand-tailored shoes. The elegant store that sells shoes that cost
hundreds，and in some cases thousands，of dollars is also where apprentices (学徒) learn their skills: visible in the
front section of the store.
The leather school—Scuola del CuoioWalking into the courtyard of the Scuola del Cuoio feels a little like walking onto a mini college campus. You
leave the busy street as you enter the historic building. The school specializes in making one-of-a-kind bags and in
teaching paying students the secrets of high-quality leather working.
The bookbinding (书籍装订) store——Il Torchio
Il Torchio is a beautiful bookbinding store run by Erin Ciulla. If you ask Ciulla, she might take you to see the
“guillotine”, which is actually a very large, antique-looking machine that’s used to cut large amounts of paper. Beyond
binding with leather covers, Ciulla also covers books, journals, and photo albums in hand-made papers.
1．What is the main reason for Pierotucci’s high price?
A．The special material. B．The handmade process.
C．The high cost of the visit.D．The long history of the factory.
2．Which places provide the opportunity to learn leather-making?
A．Pierotucci and Il Torchio.B．Seuola del Cuoio and Il Torchio.
C．Pierotucci and Stefano Bemer.D．Stefano Bemer and Scuola del Cuoio.
3．What can you do in the bookbinding store?
A．Buy a high-quality leather bag.
B．Buy an antique-looking machine.
C．Have a photo album covered with leather.
D．Have the leather covers cut by the guillotine.
4.(湖北省重点高中智学联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考)
When romantic partners argue over things like finances, jealousy, or other interpersonal issues, they tend to
employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument. But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship
conflicts, according to a University of Waterloo study just published online in Social Psychological and Personality
Science. Alex Huynh, a doctoral candidate in psychology is the lead author of the study, which he published with Igor
Grossmann from the University of Waterloo, and Daniel Yang from Yale University.
Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(调解)
of interpersonal struggles. Huynh and his collaborators investigated whether similar benefit can be induced by simply
thinking about the future. Study participants were instructed to reflect on a recent conflict with a romantic partner or a
close friend. One group of participants were then asked to describe how they would feel about the conflict one year in
the future, while another group was asked to describe how they feel in the present.The team examined participants’ written responses through a text-analysis program for their use of pronouns —
such as I, me, she, he. These choices of pronouns were used to capture participants’ focus on the feelings and behaviour
of those involved in the conflict. Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict
more positively, both of which implied the participants’ use of reasoning strategies.
The researchers found that envisioning future relationship affected both participants’ focus on their feelings, and
their reasoning strategies. As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether, especially
when study participants extended their thinking about the relationship a year into the future.
“Our study demonstrates that adopting a future-oriented perspective in the context of a relationship conflict —
reflecting on how one might feel a year from now — may be a valuable coping tool for one’s psychological happiness
and relationship well-being,” said Huynh.
32．What do romantic partners do in face of most disagreements?
A．They lose faith in their future. B．They focus on their present feelings.
C．They look forward to a fierce conflict. D．They care more about financial problems.
33．What does the underlined word “induced” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？
A．Caused. B．Explained.
C．Reduced. D．Improved.
34．What do we know about the study?
A．All the study participants described how they felt both in the present and in the future.
B．Study participants described their recent relationship with their romance partners or friends.
C．A text-analysis program was employed to examine participants’ use of negative words.
D．The reasoning strategies in participants’ written responses were well worthy of note.
35．What can be the best title of the text?
A．You have a year to solve your interpersonal problems!
B．Thinking about future is essential for relationship maintenance!
C．Your current feelings are the real cause of your heated arguments!
D．Beneficial reasoning is a positive strategy for reconciliation!
5.（2022-2023学年广西9月联考英语试题）
Spring is just around the corner, but if you are tired of sunflowers, tulips (郁金香) and other standard gardens,
why not head to one of these mysterious and wonderful botanical gardens？
Butchart Gardens, British Columbia, CanadaOne of the rarest flowers you’ll find at Butchart Gardens is the Meconopsis, otherwise known as the Tibetan
blue poppy. The most impressive flowers can be found in the borders, where you’ll find over one million bedding
plants. And although the gardens are famous for their perennials (多年生植物), 300,000 spring-flowering plants are
grown every year, and over 900 varieties of plants are grown for the summer gardens alone.
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden is one of a handful of botanic gardens to grow only native plants.
Some of the most popular varieties include the king protea, which produces enormous flowers between autumn and
summer, and the rare silver tree, a silky-leaved plant, which experts believe could become extinct in the next 50 years.
Denver Botanic Gardens, Colorado, US
Once native to South Africa, these oddly-named flowers are famously drought-hardy, making them perfect for
this part of North America. This garden is one of the few to focus on draught-tolerant plants from Colorado and the
grasslands of Africa, Mongolia and Argentina. In fact, Colorado is home to nine species of endangered plant, and
several can be found here.
Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden, Tromso, Norway
Visit the world’s northernmost botanical garden and you’ll find a breathtaking collection of plants from the
world’s polar and mountainous regions including, in the Himalaya section, the rare giant Tibetan blue poppy, with its
huge flowers and metre-high stem. You’ll also see the Wilander buttercup, which can only be found in the quite terrible
areas of Svalbard’s unforgiving icy islands.
1．Which botanical garden only plants local species?
A．Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden. B．Denver Botanic Gardens.
C．Butchart Gardens. D．Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden.
2．Which is typical of the Tibetan blue poppy ?
A．Rare and hot-tolerant. B．Smelly and ill-looking.
C．Large and tall. D．Endangered and colorful.
3．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To analyze the features of plants. B．To make an advertisement.
C．To protect the endangered plants. D．To introduce some fantastic gardens.
6. (辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题)
When you swim on the beach and sea, have you ever accidentally drunk the seawater? How did it feel? It must
have tasted salty. So, why is the seawater salty?Seawater is water that comes from the ocean. Seawater can be salty because it contains an average salt content of 3.5%.
This is also a place for the salt farmers to produce cooking salt and other salt.
Some theories explain that seawater comes from rainwater that falls and flows through rivers and estuaries (河
口) where the seawater will be fully filled and again formed clouds because the steam uses the help of the sun. When
we talk about this, we talk about the rainwater cycle. But when the rainwater cycle occurs, the water that passes through
the river carries mineral salts. These mineral salts are obtained from various places of the land starting from rocks and
soils that the rainwater flows through, these remaining mineral salts make seawater salty, so the salinity of seawater is
different in each part of the world. But it is certain that seawater is salty or has high salinity.
The saltiest sea in the world is the Red Sea. There the temperature is extremely hot so that evaporation (蒸发) is
greatly carried out. High evaporation, coupled with little rainfall and little input of water from the river, causes its
highest level of salinity. There is also the Dead Sea, which is nine times saltier. Due to the high salinity, when you swim
there, you can float. However, the Dead Sea is not a sea at all which is a lake geographically.
8．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To draw a conclusion.
B．To make the article interesting.
C．To introduce a famous beach.
D．To bring in the topic.
9．Where is the salt in seawater originated from?
A．Land. B．Ocean. C．Rain.D．Cloud.
10．What can we infer about the Red Sea?
A．Its salinity is higher than that of the Dead Sea.
B．The climate there causes the highest salt level.
C．People are in danger when they swim there.
D．The land around it contains the most salt.
11．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．The reason why the seawater tastes salty
B．The reason why the Dead Sea is not a sea
C．The reason why the rainwater cycle occurs
D．The reason why the sea looks blue and green
7. (江苏省南通市海安市实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考)Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard，maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when
suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm",often used in a situation
—a quiet period just before a great activity or. excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually
calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists
have to say.
A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm—a single-cell thunderstorm.
In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main updraft, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places
near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding
environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the
storm is traveling.
As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum（真 空）coming after.
The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm,
damp air drops, and the water vapour（水蒸气）in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These
drops accumulate and build on larger particles like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.
This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud.
When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air gets spit out（被挤出）at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big
thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air,
in turn, causes the calm before a storm.
Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with
complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never
happens. Instead, before the storm,让 might be really windy!
12．Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?
A．A thunderstorm with a single shape.
B．A thunderstorm without strong winds.
C．A storm with air drawn from every directi on.
D．A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.
13．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Cold and dry air. B．Warm and dry air.
C．Cold and damp air. D．Warm and damp air.
14．Which does the writer most likely agree to?
A．Presence of the calm relies on stable air.B．Not all thunderstorms start with the calm.
C．The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be.
D．Storm happens without air moving up and down.
15．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Causes and effects of a heavy storm.
B．A brief description of a peaceful storm.
C．A personal experience of a heavy storm.
D．An explanation of the calm before a storm.
8. (山东师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三10月学情诊断考试)
In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife
such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the
distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and
culture to guide their migration.
Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure
out how they find their way. Take the Cory’s shearwater, an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every
year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary
wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.
Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening
for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and
until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements.
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four
to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than
older birds. “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration-refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni, who
led the study. Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults— but they do not, suggesting that the
young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.
Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, “exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds
and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might
be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might
no longer be safe.”
47．What is the first paragraph mainly about? .
A．It describes animals’ habitats. B．It talks about migration models.C．It compares different species. D．It introduces a tracking technology.
48．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The opening for learning and practice.
B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.
49．What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters?
A．They travel as much as adult birds.
B．They move in a predictable manner.
C．They lower the speed for exploration.
D．They look for a course with their parents.
50．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Man-made changes make migration easier.
B．Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
C．Course exploration contributes to birds’ adaptability.
D．A combination of strategies assures migration success.
答题处：
1. ___________; 2.____________; 3.____________; 4.___________; 5.____________;
6.___________; 7.____________; 8.____________; 9.___________; 10.___________;
