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专题 18 阅读理解 说明文
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--测
（解析版）
时间 50分钟 共 30小题 （每小题2分, 共60分）
班级____________ 姓名____________
名校最新测试卷 阅读理解（说明文）（共八篇）
1. (湖北省重点高中智学联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考)
If you go down to the woods today, you’re in for a big surprise: for the first time in thousands of years there will
be wild bison roaming in the UK.
Early today three European bison are to be released into West Blean and Thornden Woods in Kent in an attempt
to address the climate crisis and boost biodiversity.
Donovan Wright, a bison ranger with the Wilder Blean Project — a joint endeavour between Kent Wildlife Trust
and Wildwood Trust — told the Guardian the first animals to be released will be a 14-year-old matriarch (母野牛) and
two young females who come from herds in Scotland and Ireland, respectively. A male from Germany is set to arrive in
a month.
The hope is that the huge beasts will act as natural engineers, with behaviours such as the felling of certain trees
— a result of the bison stripping the bark off to eat or rubbing their fur off against them — giving a range of plant andanimal species a chance to prosper.
“It opens up the canopy (树冠), allowing the light to go through to the woodland floor,” Wright said, noting that
as the bison move through the undergrowth they create paths about half a metre wide, while they also love to dust
bathe, often reusing the same sites.
“Those become home for sand lizards and your pioneering plants,” said Wright, adding bison themselves are like
giant seed banks. “As they move they collect seeds, and then they are also spreading seeds along the route,” he said,
noting as wildflowers spring up, they attract insects and other pollinators, with their seeds a source of food for birds.
The project will also help with conservation of the European bison. “In 1927 they were classified as extinct in
the wild,” said Wright, adding the team have gained inspiration from projects in other countries, including the
Netherlands, where the European bison have been reintroduced.
Yesterday the three females set to be released in Kent were fitted with tracking collars, an approach that will
allow the team to plot the animals’ movements and glean insights into the plants they interact with.
Evan Bowen-Jones, the chief executive of Kent Wildlife Trust, said: “The restoration of naturally functioning
ecosystems is a vital and inexpensive tool in tackling the climate crisis. The bison will help to create climate-resistant
landscapes which can adapt to the challenges presented by the crisis we face.”
“We want Wilder Blean to mark the beginning of a new era for conservation in the UK. We need to revolutionise
the way we restore natural landscapes, relying less on human intervention and more on natural engineers like bison,
boar and beaver.”
28．Which of the following is not the advantage of releasing the bison?
A．Providing home for some animals and plants.
B．Acting as seed banks.
C．Attracting insects and other pollinators.
D．Preventing the European bison from dying out.
29．What is the function of the tracking collars?
A．Spreading the seeds.B．Protecting the bison.
B．Collecting the data. D．Tackling the climate crisis.
30．What is the Evan Bowen-Jones’ attitude towards the project?
A．Favorable.B．Tolerant. C．Curious. D．Opposed.
31．What is the main idea of the passage?A．The development of the European bison.
B．The project of releasing the European bison.
C．The way to boost biodiversity.
D．The protection of the European bison.
【答案】28．C 29．C 30．A 31．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。讲述了英国释放欧洲野牛的项目，其益处等。
28．细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“he said, noting as wildflowers spring up, they attract insects and other
pollinators, with their seeds a source of food for birds.(他说，注意到随着野花的出现，它们会吸引昆虫和其他传粉
者，它们的种子是鸟类的食物来源)”可知吸引昆虫和其他传粉者的是野花，并非野牛。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据第八段“Yesterday the three females set to be released in Kent were fitted with tracking
collars, an approach that will allow the team to plot the animals’ movements and glean insights into the plants they
interact with.(昨天，这三只即将在肯特郡被释放的雌性动物被安装了追踪项圈，这一方法将使研究小组能够绘
制动物的动作，并收集它们与植物互动的信息)”可知这个项圈的功能是为了收集数据信息。故选C项。
30．推理判断题。根据第九段Evan Bowen-Jones说的话“The restoration of naturally functioning ecosystems is a
vital and inexpensive tool in tackling the climate crisis. The bison will help to create climate-resistant landscapes which
can adapt to the challenges presented by the crisis we face.(恢复自然运转的生态系统是应对气候危机的一个重要而
廉价的工具。野牛将有助于创造耐气候的景观，以适应我们面临的危机所带来的挑战)”可知他认为这个项目重
要，花费不大，且有助于应对危机挑战，故他支持赞成这个项目。故选A项。
31．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you go down to the woods today, you’re in for a big surprise: for the first
time in thousands of years there will be wild bison roaming in the UK.(如果你今天去森林里，你会有一个大惊喜：
数千年来，英国将首次有野生野牛在漫游)”可知，本文由第一段引出，介绍了英国这个释放野牛的项目。故选
B项。
2.(北京市中关村中学2022-2023学年高三上学期9月统练一英语试题)
There are many things we remember from our childhood—the games we played, the music we listened to, but
what about earning pocket money? This was our first ever wage for completing tasks such as tidying our bedroom or
sorting the laundry. Our reward was a handful of coins that we safely hid away. But now, it seems parents’ attitude to
handing out cash is changing.
There was a time when cash was king—it was the main currency for financial deals. These days, though, using
credit or debit cards, or making contactless payments, are the most convenient ways of paying. So where does that
leave handing over pocket money? Research has found that 84% of British parents currently give notes and coins to
their children— typically an allowance of £7 a week.But banks predict that by 2028 only one in ten deals will be with cash, and that is something that today’s
children will have to deal with. One particular issue is that children may not understand the value of cash because they
never see it. Parents face difficult choices too— finding a new way to transfer pocket money, or maybe not bothering to
pay it at all.
Giving children lessons about finance at school is important. Children should be provided with financial literacy
at an early age. That is vital to ensure proper money management skills later in life, such as setting a realistic budget,
responsibly managing credit and debt, saving for unexpected expenses. The UK’s Money and Pensions Service advises
parents to get children started with money as young as possible. Sarah Porretta from the service told the BBC that for
parents who no longer carry cash, “The trick is to go and get some cash, just so your children have the opportunity to
interact with them. Talk about what you are doing with money. If you are paying with a card or with a phone, talk to
children about that and link it back to those coins they have handled.”
But, of course, many of the goods that young people want to buy—such as add-ons for a computer game—only
allow digital deals. This has led to a number of apps being set up that allow children to track and spend their hard-
earned pocket money and parents to transfer money electronically and monitor their child’s spending. Banks also
suggest setting up accounts for older children which gives them a cash card to use. But whatever method a parent
chooses to adopt, they need to teach their kids that money doesn’t grow on trees!
42．What can you learn from the passage?
A．The custom of giving children pocket money is disappearing.
B．Banks predict people will pay most of the deals in cash by 2028.
C．It isn’t necessary for children to experience the course of using cash.
D．Cash-free payments are convenient ways of purchasing goods these days.
43．The underlined word “That” refers to _________.
A．digital deal
B．cash payment
C．financial literacy
D．pocket money
44．According to UK’s Money and Pensions Service’s advice, parents should _________.
A．offer chances for children to use cash
B．no longer carry cash when they go out
C．play some tricks with kids using the coins
D．play cards and make phone calls with children45．What is the main purpose of this passage?
A．To stress the importance of paying in cash.
B．To introduce the development of pocket money.
C．To explain why the ways of payment are changing.
D．To develop children’s awareness of money management.
【答案】42．D 43．C 44．A 45．D
【分析】这是一篇说明文。作者对比了过去与现在父母给孩子零用钱的方式不同了，科技化的现在，我们很少
使用现金，从而可能会导致孩子对钱没有概念，不利于培养他们的理财能力。最后建议父母教给孩子理财知识
并教育孩子，让他们懂得挣钱的不易。
42．细节理解题。根据第二段的These days, though, using credit or debit cards, or making contactless payments, are
the most convenient ways of paying可知，现在，不用现金付款是购物的便利方式。故选D。
43．词义猜测题。根据上文的 Giving children lessons about finance at school is important. Children should be
provided with financial literacy at an early age.（在学校给孩子们上金融课是很重要的。应该在孩子很小的时候就
对他们进行财务知识的教育。）可知，that指的是财务知识。故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据第四段来自英国货币和养老金服务的 Sarah Porretta所说的“The trick is to go and get
some cash, just so your children have the opportunity to interact with them. Talk about what you are doing with money.
If you are paying with a card or with a phone, talk to children about that and link it back to those coins they have
handled.” 可知，是建议父母为孩子提供使用现金的机会。故选A。
45．推理判断题。文章通过对比过去与现在父母给孩子零用钱的方式的不同，从而引出，科技化的现在，我们
很少使用现金，从而可能会导致孩子对钱没有概念，不利于培养他们的理财能力。文章建议父母教给孩子理财
知识并教育孩子，让他们懂得挣钱的不易。由此可推测出本文的目的是让父母培养孩子的理财能力。故选D。
3. (广东省汕头市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中监测英语试题)
Leather-making in Florence dates back hundreds of years to the 13th century. A look at leather craftsmen in
Florence will help you know more about Italian leather.
The leather factory－PIEROTUCCI
Join a free tour of the factory and you’ll get a deep dive into the process of making a handbag. After seeing
what it takes to make a bag by hand, you’ll no longer wonder why PIEROTUCCI prices come with two zeros at the
end. And you’ll know that if you do spend the money, the bag will last forever
The leather shoe store—STEFANO BEMERSTEFANO BEMER was famous for its hand-tailored shoes. The elegant store that sells shoes that cost
hundreds，and in some cases thousands，of dollars is also where apprentices (学徒) learn their skills: visible in the
front section of the store.
The leather school—Scuola del Cuoio
Walking into the courtyard of the Scuola del Cuoio feels a little like walking onto a mini college campus. You
leave the busy street as you enter the historic building. The school specializes in making one-of-a-kind bags and in
teaching paying students the secrets of high-quality leather working.
The bookbinding (书籍装订) store——Il Torchio
Il Torchio is a beautiful bookbinding store run by Erin Ciulla. If you ask Ciulla, she might take you to see the
“guillotine”, which is actually a very large, antique-looking machine that’s used to cut large amounts of paper. Beyond
binding with leather covers, Ciulla also covers books, journals, and photo albums in hand-made papers.
1．What is the main reason for Pierotucci’s high price?
A．The special material. B．The handmade process.
C．The high cost of the visit.D．The long history of the factory.
2．Which places provide the opportunity to learn leather-making?
A．Pierotucci and Il Torchio.B．Seuola del Cuoio and Il Torchio.
C．Pierotucci and Stefano Bemer.D．Stefano Bemer and Scuola del Cuoio.
3．What can you do in the bookbinding store?
A．Buy a high-quality leather bag.
B．Buy an antique-looking machine.
C．Have a photo album covered with leather.
D．Have the leather covers cut by the guillotine.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了佛罗伦萨的皮革制造商的历史，包括PIEROTUCCI、STEFANO
BEMER、Scuola del Cuoio和Il Torchio等四个皮革制造商各自的特色。
1．细节理解题。根据文章的The leather factory－PIEROTUCCI部分可知，“After seeing what it takes to make a
bag by hand, you’ll no longer wonder why PIEROTUCCI prices come with two zeros at the end. And you’ll know that
if you do spend the money, the bag will last forever.”（在看到手工制作一个袋子需要什么之后，你不会再奇怪为
什么PIEROTUCCI的价格在结尾处会有两个零。你会知道，如果你真的花了钱，这个袋子将永远存在。）可
知，这个袋子贵的原因是，这是手工制作的。B项“The handmade process.”（手工制作工艺。）符合原文表述，
故选B项。2．细节理解题。根据文章 The leather shoe store—STEFANO BEMER部分的“The elegant store that sells shoes
that cost hundreds，and in some cases thousands，of dollars is also where apprentices learn their skills: visible in the
front section of the store.”（这家优雅的商店出售的鞋子价格高达数百美元，有时甚至数千美元，也是学徒们学
习技能的地方：可以在商店的前面看到。）和The leather school—Scuola del Cuoio部分“You leave the busy
street as you enter the historic building. The school specializes in making one-of-a-kind bags and in teaching paying
students the secrets of high-quality leather working.”（当你进入历史建筑时，你离开繁忙的街道。这所学校专门
制作独一无二的皮包，并教授付费学生高质量皮革加工的秘诀。）可知，在 STEFANO BEMER和Scuola del
Cuoio可以有学习皮革制作的机会。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。根据文章最后一部分The bookbinding(书籍装订)store——Il Torchio的“Beyond binding with
leather covers, Ciulla also covers books, journals, and photo albums in hand-made papers.”（除了用皮革封面装订外，
Ciulla还用手工纸装订书籍、期刊和相册。）可知，可以获得一本用皮革覆盖的相册。C项“Have a photo
album covered with leather. ”（有一本用皮革覆盖的相册。）符合原文表述。故选C项。
4.(湖北省重点高中智学联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期10月联考)
When romantic partners argue over things like finances, jealousy, or other interpersonal issues, they tend to
employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument. But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship
conflicts, according to a University of Waterloo study just published online in Social Psychological and Personality
Science. Alex Huynh, a doctoral candidate in psychology is the lead author of the study, which he published with Igor
Grossmann from the University of Waterloo, and Daniel Yang from Yale University.
Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive strategy for reconciliation(调解)
of interpersonal struggles. Huynh and his collaborators investigated whether similar benefit can be induced by simply
thinking about the future. Study participants were instructed to reflect on a recent conflict with a romantic partner or a
close friend. One group of participants were then asked to describe how they would feel about the conflict one year in
the future, while another group was asked to describe how they feel in the present.
The team examined participants’ written responses through a text-analysis program for their use of pronouns —
such as I, me, she, he. These choices of pronouns were used to capture participants’ focus on the feelings and behaviour
of those involved in the conflict. Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict
more positively, both of which implied the participants’ use of reasoning strategies.
The researchers found that envisioning future relationship affected both participants’ focus on their feelings, and
their reasoning strategies. As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether, especially
when study participants extended their thinking about the relationship a year into the future.“Our study demonstrates that adopting a future-oriented perspective in the context of a relationship conflict —
reflecting on how one might feel a year from now — may be a valuable coping tool for one’s psychological happiness
and relationship well-being,” said Huynh.
32．What do romantic partners do in face of most disagreements?
A．They lose faith in their future. B．They focus on their present feelings.
C．They look forward to a fierce conflict. D．They care more about financial problems.
33．What does the underlined word “induced” in Paragraph 2 most probably mean？
A．Caused. B．Explained.
C．Reduced. D．Improved.
34．What do we know about the study?
A．All the study participants described how they felt both in the present and in the future.
B．Study participants described their recent relationship with their romance partners or friends.
C．A text-analysis program was employed to examine participants’ use of negative words.
D．The reasoning strategies in participants’ written responses were well worthy of note.
35．What can be the best title of the text?
A．You have a year to solve your interpersonal problems!
B．Thinking about future is essential for relationship maintenance!
C．Your current feelings are the real cause of your heated arguments!
D．Beneficial reasoning is a positive strategy for reconciliation!
【答案】32．B 33．A 34．D 35．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍一项研究结果，思考未来关系有助于克服人际关系冲突，目光长远才
是维持人际关系的好方法。
32．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When romantic partners argue over things like finances, jealousy, or other
interpersonal issues, they tend to employ their current feelings as fuel for a heated argument.(当恋人们就关于诸如财
政、嫉妒、或其他人际问题进行争论时,他们倾向于以他们当前的情绪为基础从而加剧争论)”可知，在面对分歧
时，大部分恋人注重当时的感受。故选B项。33．词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“Previous research has shown that third-perspective reasoning can be a positive
strategy for reconciliation(调解) of interpersonal struggles.(先前的研究已经表明，从第三视角的推理是积极的人际
斗争战略调节解方法)”可知，先前的研究已经表明理性思维是积极的人际斗争战略调解方法，结合倒数第二段
描述的研究结果“As a result, participants reported more positivity about their relationship altogether(结果，参与者
对他们的关系表现出了更积极的态度)”可推知，划线词所在句意为：黄齐和他的合作者研究类似益处是否仅仅
能够依靠简单地思考未来去达成。induced意为“导致，引起”。故选A项。
34．推理判断题。根据第三段“Written responses were also examined for forgiveness and reinterpreting the conflict
more positively, both of which implied the participants’ use of reasoning strategies.(通过书面回答，也检查了有益的
推理策略——例如，宽恕和更积极地阐释冲突)”可知，参与者书面回答中的推理策略很值得注意。故选D项。
35．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“But thinking about the future helps overcome relationship conflicts,
according to a University of Waterloo study just published online in Social Psychological and Personality Science.(但
是根据滑铁卢大学的一项刚刚发表在《社会心理和人格科学》上的研究，思考未来关系有助于克服人际关系冲
突)”和最后一段中的“Our study demonstrates that adopting a future-oriented perspective in the context of a
relationship conflict — reflecting on how one might feel a year from now — may be a valuable coping tool for one’s
psychological happiness and relationship well-being(我们的研究表明，在关系冲突的背景下采用一种面向未来的
视角——反思一年后感受会如何——对于一个人心理幸福感和良好的人际关系来说可能是一个有价值的处理方
法)”可知，文章主要介绍一项研究结果，思考未来关系有助于克服人际关系冲突。B项“考虑未来对维持关系
至关重要”适合作为文章标题。故选B项。
5.（2022-2023学年广西9月联考英语试题）
Spring is just around the corner, but if you are tired of sunflowers, tulips (郁金香) and other standard gardens,
why not head to one of these mysterious and wonderful botanical gardens？
Butchart Gardens, British Columbia, Canada
One of the rarest flowers you’ll find at Butchart Gardens is the Meconopsis, otherwise known as the Tibetan
blue poppy. The most impressive flowers can be found in the borders, where you’ll find over one million bedding
plants. And although the gardens are famous for their perennials (多年生植物), 300,000 spring-flowering plants are
grown every year, and over 900 varieties of plants are grown for the summer gardens alone.
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa
Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden is one of a handful of botanic gardens to grow only native plants.
Some of the most popular varieties include the king protea, which produces enormous flowers between autumn and
summer, and the rare silver tree, a silky-leaved plant, which experts believe could become extinct in the next 50 years.Denver Botanic Gardens, Colorado, US
Once native to South Africa, these oddly-named flowers are famously drought-hardy, making them perfect for
this part of North America. This garden is one of the few to focus on draught-tolerant plants from Colorado and the
grasslands of Africa, Mongolia and Argentina. In fact, Colorado is home to nine species of endangered plant, and
several can be found here.
Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden, Tromso, Norway
Visit the world’s northernmost botanical garden and you’ll find a breathtaking collection of plants from the
world’s polar and mountainous regions including, in the Himalaya section, the rare giant Tibetan blue poppy, with its
huge flowers and metre-high stem. You’ll also see the Wilander buttercup, which can only be found in the quite terrible
areas of Svalbard’s unforgiving icy islands.
1．Which botanical garden only plants local species?
A．Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden. B．Denver Botanic Gardens.
C．Butchart Gardens. D．Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden.
2．Which is typical of the Tibetan blue poppy ?
A．Rare and hot-tolerant. B．Smelly and ill-looking.
C．Large and tall. D．Endangered and colorful.
3．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To analyze the features of plants. B．To make an advertisement.
C．To protect the endangered plants. D．To introduce some fantastic gardens.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各国几处神秘而美妙的植物园。
1．细节理解题。根据 Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden, Cape Town, South Africa 中的“Kirstenbosch
National Botanical Garden is one of a handful of botanic gardens to grow only native plants. (康斯坦博西国家植物园
是少数几个只种植本土植物的植物园之一。)”可知，康斯坦博西国家植物园只种植本地物种。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据 Arctic-Alpine Botanic Garden, Tromso, Norway 中的“Visit the world’s northernmost
botanical garden and you’ll find a breathtaking collection of plants from the world’s polar and mountainous regions
including, in the Himalaya section, the rare giant Tibetan blue poppy, with its huge flowers and metre-high stem. (参观
世界上最北的植物园，你会发现来自世界极地和山区的令人惊叹的植物收藏，包括在喜马拉雅地区，罕见的巨
大的西藏蓝色罂粟，它有着巨大的花朵和一米高的茎干。)”可知，西藏蓝罂粟又大又高。故选C。3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Spring is just around the corner, but if you are tired of sunflowers, tulips (郁金香) and
other standard gardens, why not head to one of these mysterious and wonderful botanical gardens？(春天就要来了，
但如果你厌倦了向日葵、郁金香和其他标准的花园，为什么不去这些神秘而美妙的植物园呢?)”可推断，文章
的目的是介绍一些奇妙的植物园。故选D。
6. (辽宁省葫芦岛市协作校2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试题)
When you swim on the beach and sea, have you ever accidentally drunk the seawater? How did it feel? It must
have tasted salty. So, why is the seawater salty?
Seawater is water that comes from the ocean. Seawater can be salty because it contains an average salt content of 3.5%.
This is also a place for the salt farmers to produce cooking salt and other salt.
Some theories explain that seawater comes from rainwater that falls and flows through rivers and estuaries (河
口) where the seawater will be fully filled and again formed clouds because the steam uses the help of the sun. When
we talk about this, we talk about the rainwater cycle. But when the rainwater cycle occurs, the water that passes through
the river carries mineral salts. These mineral salts are obtained from various places of the land starting from rocks and
soils that the rainwater flows through, these remaining mineral salts make seawater salty, so the salinity of seawater is
different in each part of the world. But it is certain that seawater is salty or has high salinity.
The saltiest sea in the world is the Red Sea. There the temperature is extremely hot so that evaporation (蒸发) is
greatly carried out. High evaporation, coupled with little rainfall and little input of water from the river, causes its
highest level of salinity. There is also the Dead Sea, which is nine times saltier. Due to the high salinity, when you swim
there, you can float. However, the Dead Sea is not a sea at all which is a lake geographically.
8．What’s the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To draw a conclusion.
B．To make the article interesting.
C．To introduce a famous beach.
D．To bring in the topic.
9．Where is the salt in seawater originated from?
A．Land. B．Ocean. C．Rain.D．Cloud.
10．What can we infer about the Red Sea?
A．Its salinity is higher than that of the Dead Sea.
B．The climate there causes the highest salt level.
C．People are in danger when they swim there.
D．The land around it contains the most salt.11．Which is the most suitable title for the text?
A．The reason why the seawater tastes salty
B．The reason why the Dead Sea is not a sea
C．The reason why the rainwater cycle occurs
D．The reason why the sea looks blue and green
【答案】8．D 9．A 10．B 11．A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章介绍了海水很咸的成因以及世界上最咸的海。
8．推理判断题。根据第一段“When you swim on the beach and sea, have you ever accidentally drunk the seawater?
How did it feel? It must have tasted salty. So, why is the seawater salty?(当你在沙滩和海上游泳时，你有没有不小
心喝过海水？感觉如何？它一定尝起来很咸。那么，海水为什么会咸呢？)”以及下文对海水很咸原因的详细介
绍可知，第一段运用一系列的问句，由最基本的生活常识开始引入了本文要说明的问题。所以第一段的主要目
的是引入话题，故选D。
9．推理判断题。根据第三段的第一句“Some theories explain that seawater comes from rainwater that falls and
flows through rivers and estuaries (河口) where the seawater will be fully filled and again formed clouds because the
steam uses the help of the sun.( 一些理论解释说，海水来自于雨水，雨水流经河流和河口，在那里海水将完全充
满，并且在太阳的作用下蒸腾的水汽再次形成云。)”可知海水来自于雨水；再结合此段的第三、四句“But
when the rainwater cycle occurs, the water that passes through the river carries mineral salts. These mineral salts are
obtained from various places of the land starting from rocks and soils that the rainwater flows through, these remaining
mineral salts make seawater salty, so the salinity of seawater is different in each part of the world.(但当雨水循环发生
时，流经河流的水携带着矿物盐。这些矿物盐是从雨水流经的岩石和土壤中获得的，这些剩余的矿物盐使海水
变咸，所以海水的盐度在世界上每个地方都是不同的。)”可知海水中的盐来自于雨水流经的岩石和土壤，所以
可推知海水中的盐来自于陆地，故选A。
10．推理判断题题。根据最后一段中的“The saltiest sea in the world is the Red Sea. There the temperature is
extremely hot so that evaporation (蒸发) is greatly carried out. High evaporation, coupled with little rainfall and little
input of water from the river, causes its highest level of salinity. (世界上最咸的海是红海。那里的温度非常高，因此
水大量蒸发。高蒸发量，加上降雨量少，河流水量很少，导致其盐度最高。)” 可知红海的高温、干旱、少雨
的气候特点造成了红海的高盐度。故选B。
11．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段最后一句“So, why is the seawater salty?(那么，海水为什么会是咸呢？)”以
及下文对海水含盐的原因的详细介绍，可知这篇文章主要介绍了海水很咸的原因，所以 A选项“The reason
why the seawater tastes salty(海水尝起来咸的原因)”作为标题，可以概括全文，故选A。7. (江苏省南通市海安市实验中学2022-2023学年高三上学期10月月考)
Have you ever spent an afternoon in the backyard，maybe grilling or enjoying a basketball game, when
suddenly you notice that everything goes quiet? There is an old phrase “calm before the storm",often used in a situation
—a quiet period just before a great activity or. excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually
calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists
have to say.
A period of calm happens in a particular kind of storm, the simplest kind of storm—a single-cell thunderstorm.
In this type of thunderstorm, there is usually only one main updraft, which is warm, damp air and drawn from places
near the ground. Storms need warm and damp air as fuel, so they typically draw that air in from surrounding
environment. Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the
storm is traveling.
As the warm, damp air is pulled into a storm system, it leaves a low-pressure vacuum（真 空）coming after.
The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the temperature of the warm,
damp air drops, and the water vapour（水蒸气）in it changes into tiny drops that are a precondition of rain. These
drops accumulate and build on larger particles like dust, until they grow large enough to form raindrops.
This warm, damp air keeps moving upwards, but it becomes cooler and drier during its trip through cloud.
When it reaches the top of the cloud, the air gets spit out（被挤出）at the top. This air is sent rolling out over the big
thunderclouds. From there, the air goes down. Warm and dry air is relatively stable, and once it covers a region, that air,
in turn, causes the calm before a storm.
Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm. That's because most are actually groups of storms with
complex wind patterns. There's so much air moving up and down storm groups that the calm before the storm never
happens. Instead, before the storm,让 might be really windy!
12．Which best fits the description of a particular kind of storm?
A．A thunderstorm with a single shape.
B．A thunderstorm without strong winds.
C．A storm with air drawn from every directi on.
D．A storm fueled by moving air from the ground.
13．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Cold and dry air. B．Warm and dry air.
C．Cold and damp air. D．Warm and damp air.
14．Which does the writer most likely agree to?A．Presence of the calm relies on stable air.
B．Not all thunderstorms start with the calm.
C．The drier the air is, the bigger the storm will be.
D．Storm happens without air moving up and down.
15．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Causes and effects of a heavy storm.
B．A brief description of a peaceful storm.
C．A personal experience of a heavy storm.
D．An explanation of the calm before a storm.
【答案】12．C 13．D 14．B 15．D
【分析】本文为自然现象类说明文。文章揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象。
12．细节理解题。第二段中特定的暴风雨指的是一种简单的单细胞雷暴。而并非指简单形状，故排除 A。根据
第二段最后一句Storms can draw in the air that fit their need from all directions—even from the direction in which the
storm is traveling.可知雷暴能够从周围任何一个方向吸进自己所需的暖湿空气。故选C。
13．代词指代题。第三段中The rising air meets the cold dry air that has already existed in the storm clouds, thus the
temperature of the warm, damp air drops, and the water vapour(水蒸汽) in it changes into tiny drops that are a
precondition of rain.提到由于暖湿空气被吸进雷暴中，雷暴经过之处就形成了低气压真空带。正在上升的暖湿
气流遇到雷暴云层中原本就存在的干燥冷空气，此时暖湿空气的温度下降，暖湿空气中的水分凝结成小的水滴，
这就是雨水形成的前提。所以可知，代词it代指“暖湿空气”。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段Most thunderstorms, though, don't start with calm.可知大多数的雷暴来临前并不
是一片宁静。而当有很多气流频繁上下流动时，暴风雨来临前毫无平静可言可知C、D不正确。故选B。
15．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段 There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”， often used in a situation—a
quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is actually calm
before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what scientists have to
say.及全文内容可知，文章主要揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象。故选D。
【点睛】考查阅读理解主旨大意题时，需要注意排除绝对化或片面的选项，要放眼全文，从首段和末段寻找文
章的主旨大意。小题4就是根据文章首段第一段There is an old phrase “calm before the storm”， often used in a
situation—a quiet period just before a great activity or excitement. According to our own experience, we know there is
actually calm before the storm. But what causes this calm? And is it always calm before the storm? Let's hear what
scientists have to say.及全文内容可知，文章主要揭秘暴风雨来临前的宁静这一神秘自然现象。
8. (山东师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三10月学情诊断考试)In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Wildlife
such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the
distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and
culture to guide their migration.
Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure
out how they find their way. Take the Cory’s shearwater, an oceangoing sea bird that migrates over the Atlantic every
year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary
wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.
Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening
for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and
until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements.
But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four
to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than
older birds. “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration-refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni, who
led the study. Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults— but they do not, suggesting that the
young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.
Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, “exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds
and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might
be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might
no longer be safe.”
47．What is the first paragraph mainly about? .
A．It describes animals’ habitats. B．It talks about migration models.
C．It compares different species. D．It introduces a tracking technology.
48．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．The opening for learning and practice.
B．The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C．The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
D．The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.
49．What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters?
A．They travel as much as adult birds.
B．They move in a predictable manner.C．They lower the speed for exploration.
D．They look for a course with their parents.
50．What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A．Man-made changes make migration easier.
B．Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
C．Course exploration contributes to birds’ adaptability.
D．A combination of strategies assures migration success.
【答案】47．B 48．C 49．C 50．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对科里海鸥迁徙的模式的研究。
47．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wildlife such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents.
Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And
some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.(像鲸鱼和大雁这样的野生动物通过
跟随父母学习迁徙路线。其他鸟类，包括小型鸣禽，在它们的遗传密码中获得了迁徙的距离和方向。一些动物
利用遗传和文化的结合来指导它们的迁移)”可知，本段主要讲述动物迁徙的模式。故选B项。
48．词句猜测题。根据文章第三段“Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before
age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns.(科里海鸥的寿命很长，
很少能在九岁之前成功产下幼崽。这为学习和实践发展它们的迁移模式提供了机会)”和“Researchers call this
the “exploration-refinement”(研究人员称之为“探索-精炼”)”可知，此处指研究人员称这种模式为“探索-精
炼”，第三段中划线的this指代的是科里海鸥形成迁徙模式的方式。故选C项。
49．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults— but they
do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred
course.(年轻的科里海鸥能够和成年海鸥一样快地飞行，但它们没有，这表明年轻的科里海鸥会进行更多的探
索，随着它们成熟并确定了自己喜欢的路线，这种探索逐渐消失)”可知，莱蒂齐亚的研究发现小科里海鸥为了
探索降低了它们的飞行速度。故选C项。
50．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, “exploration
refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made
changes,” says Barbara Frei.(芭芭拉·弗雷说：“尽管它看起来比其他策略效率低，但在一个由于不可预测的人
为变化而迅速变化的世界中，探索精炼可能对鸟类和其他生物有益”)”推知，路线探索有助于鸟类的适应能力。
故选C项。
