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专题 20 阅读理解：七选五段首标题句
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
命题解读
“七选五”的题型以说明文和议论文居多，给出一篇缺少5个句子的文章，对应有七个选项，要求同学们根据
文章结构、内容，选出正确的句子，填入相应的空白处。该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、
过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特
点来排除文章体裁以说明文为主，语篇模式较为固定：提出问题——提供解决方案。
考点特征
1. 概括文章或段落的主题句或结论性语句
2. 段落标题。
解题步骤
第一步浏览全文，做出预判。同时理清全文的结构，了解文章大意，关注每个空格的位置。
一般来说，小标题类的文章是按总分结构或者总分总结构叙述的。段首句主要起主旨句或者承上启下的作用。
段中句用来承上启下或者解释说明。段尾句用来总结全文或者提出希望。
第二步，分析选项，尤其根据选项中的代词、连词等来预测前后句可能存在的逻辑关系。
第三步，回归原文，根据空格前后进行推理。在推理过程中，关注并列连词、转折连词、相同或相反句式
等，排除一些选项，并结合上下文意，推断出可填选项。最后，也是很关键的一步，检查。将所填选项代入，
通读全文，看上下文是否连贯，结构、语境、逻辑是否一致。
解题技能
1. 判断文章的篇章整体结构(1) 判断题型是否为标题类。
(2) 判断标题类型。根据前后段落的特点分布，会发现标题经常具有两个特点：
a. 动词原形开头
b. 长短不一
2. 根据空格类型和特点，寻找对应的答案
3. 根据空格后的人称代词和指示代词确定答案
在做这类题目的时候，一定要注意句子中出现的人称代词或者指示代词，因为我们知道，代词是指代一个名词
或者一个句子的，然后通过代词在句子中所做的成分我们可以推断出它指代的句子的类型，我们要做的就是从
选项中找这类句型就可以了。
4. 注意一些特殊疑问词
如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要把这句话仔细读几遍，因为对于不同特殊疑问词的回答方式是不一
样的，比如对why的回答，后面要有because等表原因的词，对when的回答，后面要有表时间的状语，对
where的回答，后面要有表地点的名词，对how的回答，后面要有方式状语等。
5. 注意一些连词
转折关系：but，However，yet，though，nevertheless，while/though, on the contrary, instead, still，in
contrast/comparison等。
并列关系：and，also，as well as，neither nor，either or，not only...but also，on the one hand....on the other hand
等。
因果关系：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。递进关系：too,
also, besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what's more, what's worse, in addition, as well, to
make matters worse, not ... but ..., not only ... but also等。
例证关系：for example, for instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to say等。
并列关系：and, first(ly), second(ly); first, then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another thing;
then/next, finally/last等。
这些连词可以表现句子与句子之间的关系，通过不同的连词我们可以推知句子与句子之间不同的经典好题
放下
1. （2022年全国甲卷）
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing some
tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. ___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you toeat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch any
food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
...
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
【答案】36．D 37．F 38．C
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事项。
36．根据后文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no
matter where you are in the world.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无
论你在世界的哪个地方。)”可知，此处是指要学习一些用餐礼节以避免在用餐时犯错误，所以选项D“不要在
餐馆犯尴尬的错误”切合文意。故选D。
37．根据前文“When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the
edge of the table in front of you.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和
你面前的桌子边缘平行了。)”可知，此处是讲筷子的摆放方式，所以选项F“不要把它们直立在食物中，也不要
在使用时交叉放置”切合文意，选项中的them指的就是本段中的chopsticks。故选F。
38．根据前文“In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France
expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你
每只手拿一个餐具吃饭。)”可知，此处举例说明几个地方的用餐方式，且根据后文“instead preferring to use
their hands(相反更喜欢用手)”可知，此处是指不喜欢用餐具用餐，所以选项C“墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合
适的”切合文意。故选C。
2. （2022年全国乙卷）More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and
what method works best for you both. .......
Practise empathy (共情)
___38___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
___39___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
Don’t rely on technology alone
___40___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try
to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【答案】 38．G 39．A 40．F
【导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。
38．根据下文“The friend who is remaining”（留下来的朋友）和“The one in the new environment”（在新环境
中的那个）提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对
应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G项。
39．分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文
“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.”（周年纪念日和生日对于异地友
谊而言是非常重要的）讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，
这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“Remember important dates”（记得重要的日子），所以A项符合题意。
故选A项。
40．设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious
effort to sustain.”（但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系）讲的是我们要更
加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产
生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious
effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don’t rely on technology alone”
（不要仅仅依赖技术）中的“technology”。故选F项。
高考真题练一练
放下
1. （2022年浙江卷6月）
I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They were
polite requests for the latest game or toy.
......
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for
real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
A．It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B．But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C．The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D．As a result, each year they received something they wanted.E．You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F．As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G．But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
【答案】 14．F
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述孩子们通过给圣诞老人写信暗示得到自己心仪的礼物，从而论证观
点：人们写作都是带有某种目的的。
14．根据空后“Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. (在玩电子游戏时发短信、在线消息、实时聊天都意味着他们在不断地产生书面信息。
)”可知，科技的发展让人们的写作变得更普遍。结合选项 F“As technology develops, young people are writing
more than they ever have. (随着科技的发展，年轻人写的东西比以前更多了。)”可知，前后语意一致，符合语境。
故选F项。
15．
2. （2022年北京卷）
Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend to ignore our
health. ____15____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these diseases.
____16____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted
towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not have any
disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses.
A．Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B．Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C．It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D．For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E．If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F．There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G．This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
15．G 16．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲的是健康和健身之间密不可分的关系以及我们应该通过哪些健身的方式
来让自己有一个健康的身体。
15．根据空前“Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various pressures, we tend
to ignore our health.(健康和健身帮助一个人过上良好和健康的生活。由于各种各样的压力，我们往往会忽视自
己的健康。)”可知因为各种压力，我们的健康容易被忽视，根据空后“It is the fitness level of our body that helpsus fight these diseases.(正是我们身体的健康水平帮助我们对抗这些疾病。)”可知身体的健康可以让我们应对各
种疾病，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲忽视健康对我们的身体及生活的影响。G项“This makes our body
suffer and we will catch other diseases.(这使我们的身体遭受痛苦，而且我们会感染其他疾病。)”承接上文，引出
下文，而且G项中的other diseases与空后的these diseases相互照应，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
16．根据空后“We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be attracted
towards maintaining the fitness of our body.(为了拥有一个健康的身体我们需要健康。同样，如果我们是健康的，
我们自然会被保持健康的身体所吸引。)”可知健康的身体与健身是密不可分的，空处位于句首，应是本段的主
旨句，B项“Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.(健康和健身是相互关联的。)”概括全段的主要内容，
符合上下文语境。故选B项。
3. （2022年新高考II卷）
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to
practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for
ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17_ Let your pen follow the
waves of thought. __ Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it
helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
16. 【答案】D
【解析】空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen
to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. (当你第一次想写一
篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会
不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. (首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
4.（2021年新高考1卷）
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____1____So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive
sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked.
____2____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French.
That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple
of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____3____ French strawberries do not taste like cardboard.
Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____4____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I
bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the
best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.____5____When do these people work? The
French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a
group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A．Not all the customers are tourists.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G．The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
【答案】1．F 2．C 3．G 4．E 5．A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者和丈夫在巴黎待了一段时间了解到的法国人的一些生活习惯的经历。
1．下文“So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard.(所
以我们做的第一件事就是租了一个非常昂贵第六层的公寓，只有一个橱柜那么大)”说明作者和丈夫采取行动，
租了昂贵的公寓，F项“我们的目标是看看我们是否在某种程度上能像真正的巴黎人那样生活。”说明作者和
丈夫租昂贵公寓的原因，引出下文，符合题意。故选F项。2．上文“Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing worked.(与普通的巴黎公寓不同，水管工作正常)”说
明作者租的公寓的情况，C项“有一个漂亮的厨房和一张舒适的床”继续说明公寓的配置，承接上文，符合题
意。故选C项。
3．下文“French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
(法国草莓尝起来不像纸板。相反，它们会像小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸)”说明法国的草莓很美味，G项中
delicious是关键词，G项“食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐”引出下文，符合题意。故选G项。
4．下文“My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!(我丈夫和我都认为
这是我们吃过的最好的水果。但它们要18美元!)”说明法国的水果好吃但是很贵，E项“这并不是法国人吃得
比我们少的唯一原因”承接上文法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，并引出下文，说明法国人吃的少的另一个原因
“物价昂贵”。故选E项。
5．上文“In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率). You can tell this by cafés life.
French cafés are always crowded. (在法国生活质量比效率更重要。这一点你能从咖啡馆生活看出来。法国的咖
啡厅总是很拥挤)”说明了法国人会去咖啡馆，认为生活质量比效率更重要，以及下文“When do these people
work?(这些人什么时候工作？)”说明咖啡馆中的顾客有法国人，A项中customer符合咖啡馆的情境设定，A项
“并不是所有的顾客都是游客。”承上启下，符合题意。故选A项。
5.（2021年全国甲卷）
Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn’t end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources(资源)to make, and buying loads of new clothing(or throwing out old clothing)is not
healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you’re-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them clothes
piled on your bedroom floor? ____6____. It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your
friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how much
fun is had. It’s really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____7____ , and there may not be enough things to choose
from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____8____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their “new” clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____9____. Place a few mirrors around your
room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be thateveryone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____10____. And don’t forget to
put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party!
A．Less people than that
B．Hold a clothing swap
C．If two people are competing
D．Just keep music playing throughout
E．Donate whatever clothes are left over
F．Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G．Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
【答案】6．B 7．A 8．G 9．F 10．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方法——衣物交换派对，以及一些具体
的流程。
6．根据上文“So what to do with all those perfectly- good-but-you ’re- maybe-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on
your bedroom floor?(那么，该如何处理那些堆在卧室地板上的看起来完好但你可能有点厌倦的衣服呢?)”可知此
处提出关于如何解决旧衣物的问题。根据下文“It’s the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from
your friends, and have a party all at the same time.(这是扔掉旧衣服、从朋友那里买衣服、同时开派对的最好方
法。)”可知此处提到了具体处理旧衣物的方法，空处应起承上启下的作用，承接上文讲到的问题，启下提出的
方法，所以空处应该提出一种处理旧衣物的好方法。B项“Hold a clothing swap.(进行衣物交换。)”给出了一种
处理旧衣物的方法，承上启下，符合上下文语境。故选B项。
7．根据上文“Invite 5-10 people so you have a nice selection.(邀请5到10个人，这样你就有一个很好的选择。)”
可知此处说明了应该邀请的人数。根据下文“and there may not be enough things to choose from; more than that,
and it becomes uncontrollable.(可能没有足够的东西可供选择；多于这个数量，它就变得无法控制。)可知多于或
少于一定数量的人数将会导致一些麻烦。所以空处应是针对下文中的“more than that ,and it becomes
uncontrollable. (超过这个数，就会变得无法控制。)”提出的相反假设。A项“Less people than that(少于这些人)”
提出一种假设，和下文中“more than that”相对，说明人数不宜太多，也不能太少，符合上下文语境。故选A
项。
8．空处位于段首，是本段的主旨句。根据下文“They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their
“new” clothes home.(他们还应该准备大量的可重复使用的袋子，把他们的“新”衣服带回家。)说明去的时候应
该为交换所得的“新衣服”准备袋子，所以空处应该讲对每个来参加交换派对的人所带衣物的要求。G项
“Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition.(告诉每个人带来品相完好的衣服。)”说明去参加衣物交换的时候应该带完好的衣服，其中的bring和下文中carry相对，下文中的also也是提示词，并且空后的They指
代G项的everyone，概括本段文意，符合上下文语境。故选G项。
9．根据段首句“Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.(把不同类型的衣服放在房间的不
同地方。)”可知本段主要讲衣服带来以后的相关问题，根据下文“Place a few mirrors around your room so
people can see how things look when they try them on.(在房间周围放几面镜子，这样人们试穿时就能看到衣服的
样子。)可知在房间里要放置一面镜子，方便人们试穿衣服，空处承上启下，所以空处应该讲的是在房间里人
们对于带来的衣服应该怎么做。F项“Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots.(让每个人的衣服都放在相
应的位置上。)”说明每个人应该按照不同类型把衣服摆放在相应的位置，而且F项的spots对应空前的
surfaces，符合上下文语境。故选F项。
10．根据上文“Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever.(设置开始时间。也许
你说“开始”，或者打开一首歌，或者无论什么。)可知本段主要讲的是和聚会有关的事情。根据下文“And
don’t forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it’s a party!(别忘了拿出一些饼干和水果。记住，这是个
派对!)”可知此处讲的是聚会上应该提供一些派对该有的服务。空处承上启下，所以也应该讲述和聚会有关的
内容。D项“Just keep music playing throughout.(要始终播放音乐。)”承接上文，启出下文，而且D项中的
music对应空前的a certain song，与前文形成意义上的一致，符合上下文语境。故选D项。
6.（2021年全国乙卷）
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a
dinner party.
___11___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time. So
the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do
for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to.
___12___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were
laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___13___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re
the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the
situation.___14___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). ___15___.Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A．How do you know the host
B．The first step is to go exploring
C．If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F．What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【答案】11．B 12．C 13．F 14．E 15．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。
11．上文“it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party (在晚宴上让自己变得有趣并不难)”说明晚
宴上让自己变得有趣是不太困难的，以及下文“So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying
different foods and talking to strangers. (所以最主要的事情就是去尝试，去冒险，尝试不同的食物，和陌生人交
谈)”说明在晚宴上让自己变得有趣的方法，B项“第一步是去探索”承上启下，符合题意。故选B项。
12．下文“it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were
laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. (它可以引入“我有这辆破旧的车”或“我和那些
在后面嘲笑愚蠢笑话的疯子一起乘坐公共汽车。”它只是开启了对话)”说明得到回答，开启对话，C项“如果
你问问题“你是怎么到达这里的？”提出问题，引出下文，符合题意。故选C项。
13．下文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox. (如果你不能拿走他
们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方)”说明要采取方法，拿走他们的酒或者让他们离开讲话的地方，F
项“喝太多酒或一直说个不停的人怎么办”提出问题，引出下文的解决办法，符合题意。故选F项。
14．上文“If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台). If you’re the
host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. (如果你不
能拿走他们的酒，你当然应该让他们离开讲话的地方。如果你是主人，你可以让他们到厨房帮你做点什么，只
是为了让他们从那种情景中离开)”说明面对喝太多酒或者一直说个不停的人时，可以采取的方法，E项“或者
把谈话变成他们没什么可说的话题”提出另一种解决办法，承接上文，符合题意。故选E项。
15．上文“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking
again is to give the host a compliment.(如果你在晚宴上遭遇了尴尬的沉默，唯一能让大家再次交谈的方法就是赞
美主人)”说明赞美主人可以缓解尴尬的沉默，以及下文“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me
all about it.(这蛋糕特别好吃，你得告诉我它的一切)”说明对主人进行赞美的具体做法，G项中He or she 指代上文中的主人，G项“他或她是最能感受到那种尴尬的人”承上启下，符合题意。故选G项。
