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第 32 讲 阅读七选五-段首设空题（核心考点精讲精练）
1. 三年真题七选五-段首设空题考点细目表
试卷 年份 体裁 主题语境 文 章 选项特征 设空位置
结构 段首 段中 段位
乙卷 2023 说明文 人与自然-室内 总 — 残缺句＋ 0 3 2
植物、及其好处 分 完整句
甲卷 2023 说明文 人与自我--变得 总 — 残缺句＋ 1 3 1
有耐心的方法 分 完整句
新高考 2023 说明文 人与自我--学会 总 — 完整句 0 4 1
Ⅰ卷 自我原谅 分 —
总
新高考 2023 说明文 人与自我--怎样 总 — 完整句 1 3 1
Ⅱ卷 开启艺术之旅 分 —
总
人与社会——人际 残缺句＋
2022 应用文 总—分 3 1 1
关系 完整句
全 国
人与社会——人际 总—分 残缺句＋
卷 2021 说明文 2 2 1
交往 —总 完整句
Ⅰ/全
人与自我——自我
国 2020 说明文 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
接纳
乙卷
人与自然——新鲜
2019 说明文 总—分 完整句 2 3 0
空气有助于健康
人与社会——社会 总—分 残缺句＋
2022 说明文 1 3 1
与文化 —总 完整句
全 国
人与自然——环境 残缺句＋
卷 2021 说明文 总—分 1 4 0
保护 完整句
Ⅱ/全
人与社会——表情 残缺句＋
国 2020 说明文 并列式 1 4 0
符号与职场交流 完整句
甲卷
人与自我——有动
2019 议论文 总—分 完整句 1 4 0
力的方法
人与社会——乔迁
2020 说明文 总—分 完整句 2 2 1
全国 聚会
卷Ⅲ
人与自我——建立
2019 说明文 总—分 完整句 1 3 1
健康有益的互动交流
2. 命题规律及备考策略
【命题规律】
从近三年高考试题来看，英语阅读理解“七选五”空位置题目在段首多考查：主旨句或承上启下句。
【备考策略】
1．广泛阅读，尤其是内容贴近生活、贴近时代的“关爱自我、关注社会、关心环境”型材料。
2．培养和提升语篇理解能力、逻辑思辨能力，树立“语篇框架(脉络)”意识，具体方式如下：
【命题预测】
从近三年命题的发展趋势来看，预测2024年高考阅读理解七选五试题仍然以结构鲜明的指导类说明文
为主，段首句也是考查重点。
题型总览
若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。若是针对段落小标题设空。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应短小精评，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么
是段落主题句。选项要有概括性。
考点一 小标题或段落主题句
（2023年新高考II卷）
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
[2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学第二次学业质量评价检测]
____4____ And not always in a good way. For example, in one 2011 study, teens doing a driving task in a lab
took more risks when their friends were around. Researchers also looked at the teens’ brains during this task. They
saw activity in a part of the brain that’s involved in rewards, which suggests the teens were changing their behavior
to try to get social approval.
A．It can also lower the viewer’s self-control.
B．A popular post doesn’t necessarily mean it is a quality post.
C．It’s no surprise: Feedback from peers affects how teens behave.
D．Their brains respond to those likes by turning on the reward center.
E．And that can, inappropriately, make us feel less successful than them.
F．But those “likes” can have power that goes beyond a simple connection.G．Most of what they do is read and respond to posts by friends and family.
考点二 注释小标题
(2023·全国甲卷·片段)
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we experience
something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to say to
yourself, “___20Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding___.” You’ll then gradually
become more patient.
[2023·江苏省苏北七市高三二模]
Conscious (有意识的) living is not just a trend. ____1____ It is about being intentional with everything you
do — your words, actions, beliefs, habits, and choices. Accepting conscious living takes some effort, but it is
worthwhile. Here are some ways you can achieve this goal.
●Be conscious about your time.
Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again. ____2____ If you waste your
precious hours doing negative things, you will regret it later. The first step for living consciously is to be wise about
your time. Be selective about things you spend it on, and allocate (分配) it for positive activities.
●____3____
You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because
most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and
weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest,
and forgiving.
A．Know yourself better.
B．Accept the person you are.
C．Life can be a lot better with the right decisions.D．It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.
E．Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference.
F．The way you spend your time determines the course of your life.
G．The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts.
【2023·安徽省皖江联盟高三最后一卷联考】
____ 3 9____
Ask yourself why so many people are drawn to countless travel trips or destinations. Even if you disagree with
everything that travel agencies say, exploring the viewpoints might explain why some routes that don’t seem valid
to you appeal to others. This will allow you to explore alternatives, evaluate your own choices, and ultimately help
you make more informed decisions.
A．Explore other points of view.
B．Apply the information collected.
C．In other words, get to know what you’re looking for.
D．Then what about the long-term environmental effects?
E．But it can help us increase the number of positive choices we make.
F．Therefore, ask yourself about what interests you most and what is needed.
G．It helps you weigh different options, moving you closer to a wiser decision.
考点三 段落间的过渡句
(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选)
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a
couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The food is so delicious that you don't need
much of it to make you happy.French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth
like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I
bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were
the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency (效率)．You can tell this by café life. Frenchcafés are always crowded. 40. Not all the customers are tourists.When do these people work? The French take their
35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of
companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C．There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D．The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F．Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
[2023·湖北省十一校第二次联考]
If you’ve had a bad night’s sleep, or you’ve just got too much to do, the last thing you want to be told is to “be
positive!” ____1____ .
Of course, developing a positive attitude is easier said than done -it doesn’t come naturally to everyone. When
you’re feeling down, it is hard to be optimistic. But a study has found that people who are optimists are more likely
to live longer than those who have a more negative approach to life. So, maybe once you think of a longer life,
____2____
The study concluded that optimists may find it easier to control emotions and get less stressed. And as stress
impacts on the immune system, ____3____. Professor Lewina Lee from Boston University said: “Our findings
speak to the possibility that raising levels of optimism may promote longevity and healthy aging. ”And she advises
that pessimists could benefit from doing things like imagining a future where everything turns out well.
But if you’re a ‘glass half empty’ type of person, could seeing the world through rose-tinted glasses work for
you? Every bean has its black. ____4____ Some people say it’s best to celebrate the positives and ignore the
negative parts of our lives.
____5____. Vicki Siska says “Music feeds my soul, a sense of humour keeps things in perspective”. Pippa
Kennedy says “being grateful for what you have!” Other people recommend doing yoga and meditation as well as
staying fit to help maintain a positive outlook on life.
A．Accepting this helps us control our emotions
B．Accept it and make efforts to improve yourself
C．it’s possible that optimists better handle infections
D．But having this mindset could have many benefitsE．But it could help you have a positive outlook on life
F．it might encourage you to have a more hopeful outlook on life
G．People have their personal advice on keeping a positive approach to life
过关检测
（2023·湖南长沙·雅礼中学校考三模）Active listening is a valuable skill in which the listener makes a conscious
effort to understand the speaker’s entire message. Below are five benefits of active listening and what they can do
for you at work.
Active listening can help achieve understanding. The conflict resolution skills of different people vary. 1
Very often we only hear what we want to hear. However, being able to understand another point of view completely
can avoid many potentially negative outcomes.
Active listening can resolve conflict. People involved in conflict often feel misunderstood. 2 If you
aim to resolve conflicts at work, and encourage others to do the same, you must begin by listening to the opposing
point of view objectively.
Active listening is an essential part of learning. 3 Active listening is a skill that allows you to
acquire the knowledge which could lead your company into a better future.
4 Listening to the whole message means you’re engaging on a deeper level with the speaker. It
allows you to absorb more precise details from the conversation itself. If you’re receiving instructions or training,
you will be able to recall details more easily.
Active listening can help you become a good leader. As a leader, when you listen to what your followers have
to say, you understand them better. 5 You’ll be able to work out with colleagues or employees about
where improvements can be made for the benefit of all involved.
A．Active listening can help in dealing with emergencies.
B．In turn, your workplace communication skills will improve.
C．Leaders should always be open to exploring something new.
D．Active listening will help avoid missing important information.
E．Some people naturally know how to step into someone else’s shoes.
F．The reason they argue is that they don’t fully know each other’s positions.
G．It’s easy to become distracted when someone is speaking to us in a workplace.
（2023·云南·云南师大附中校考模拟预测）How to Overcome FearEveryone experiences fear sometimes. Fear can actually help keep you safe by alerting you to potentially
dangerous situations. 6 . Fortunately, there are things you can do to address your fears and minimize the
impact it has on you.
7 . It is quite normal to fear. However, when fears begin to take over your life and affect your
functioning, they become a problem. Reflect on your fears and notice how much they affect your life.
Realize that it’s okay to have fears. Fear is an adaptive function that prolongs our lives. Fear triggers a
“fight-or-flight” response, which readies our bodies to take action in order to protect ourselves.
Understand your triggers. Is it something obvious, like the sight of a snake on a trail? Figure out everything
that triggers your fear. 8 .
Imagine the outcome you desire. Now that you better understand your fear, think about what exactly you
want to change. 9 . How do you feel?
Practice engaging with the fear. The power to label your emotions is beneficial for self-understanding and
emotional intelligence.
Make your fear a source of fascination. Try to re-frame your fear in a positive light and acknowledge the
thrill it can offer. When you start seeing fear as a source of energy, you might even embrace its role in your life.
10 . Once the discomfort of the initial wave of fear passes, examine it more closely to see what you can learn.
A．However, there are times when fear runs overwhelming and disturbs your daily life
B．Start seeing fear as an opportunity
C．Recognize when fears become overwhelming
D．The more you can know about your fear, the better
E．Think about yourself experiencing life without your fear
F．Figure out exactly what power your fear has over your mind and behavior
G．Acknowledge what comes up with no attachment to “good” or “bad”
（2023·湖南娄底·统考模拟预测）University life is full of fun and experiences. But to make learning much
more enjoyable, you should follow certain steps that will help you out in keeping your stress level down and having
the most of the fun in the university.
Always get involved in the events. Doing something every day is very important not only in the university life
but also in the practical life. 11 Be active and smart. Join the societies, which will help you develop
personality and increase your confidence.Always show up. Showing people that you are there with them and always will be. Offer help to everybody. In
this way more people will know you and you will be able to wipe off your fear of social interaction. 12
Make as many friends as possible. Don’t restrict yourself in making friends; it will help increase your
knowledge. You will learn a lot about different cultures and this will help you with your practical life too. By
communicating with different people you’ ll learn different interesting aspects of their lives.
13 If you keep thinking all the time about future, you will end up being depressed. You start losing
your focus and begin to worry about less important things. 14 Release your stress and be present-
focused. It will greatly help you in accomplishing your goals and achieving happiness.
Keep a balance. 15 Being extreme in one field might bring astonishing results, but this will affect
other aspects of your life. Keep a balance between short-term goals and long-term benefits. This will help you in
achieving a perfect and enjoyable life.
A．Do not waste time doing nothing.
B．Just relax and stop thinking about the future.
C．Never move towards the extreme and try living an average life.
D．Be present-focused.
E．Some students may like to have many friends and enjoy a party lifestyle.
F．The more people you know, the easier it will be for you to walk around without being shy.
G．Nobody cares if you miss class, don’t eat properly, nor don’t go to a party.
（2023·四川·模拟预测）If you feel that life cannot be worse for you, it’ll be arduous to think positively.
When stressed, dampened, hurt in a passive state of mind, for you’re aware that misfortune keeps taking place
nonstop, it’s highly crucial to convert passive thoughts into something uplifting. 16 .
It’s often difficult to think positively if most things abound you are passive, yet assure yourself that definitely
someone is even worse than you. 17 . When you kick off with one small but positive thing and adore it
during the course of your day, you’ll start to get into a more positive situation and hence people could begin turning
up in your life and be a vital part of your life.With sincere appreciation, you’ll find out that as time lapses, you’ll be
able to change your values and choose to embrace happiness despite those bad events about you. 18 .
●Commence and conclude each day with a sentence of appreciation like “Thank you for having me a fabulous
and fresh day.”
●When your boss pushed you too hard to accept, soliloquize yourself: I feel thankful for the currentemployment, for I understand that at least there have still been so many peers competing fiercely to vie for
employment.”
● If you are have health-related problems, appreciate all that still do work: your eyes see,your ears hear, and
your brain thinks so on and so forth.
●Write down anything for which you’re grateful per day. When you’re really let down, read aloud and loudly
what you wrote during the last days,weeks, months,etc. 19 . If you can keep practising this in a regular
manner, you’ll ultimately find what you’ve been pursuing for so long.
Anyway, the very key is to get yourself dive into cheerful thoughts and ideas and then maintain them for long
enough so as to attain the power of appreciation. 20 .
A．This will help uplift your spirits.
B．If not, you’ll only induce more misfortunes.
C．It’s of vital importance to demonstrate your gratitude.
D．The more you appreciate, the more delighted you’ll feel.
E．You’ve made quite a few achievements during your career.
F．Here are a few general instances for you to practise.
G．You could choose to consider differently by means of starting with the smallest steps.
（2023·云南保山·统考二模）Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their beauty every
day. We are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they
have given us. In fact, nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us. 21
People who are interested in exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s
ArtScience Museum. Shaped like a lotus flower, it appears to float above the waterfront promenade(滨海步道)
with the water surrounding it. Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre
of the space. 22 Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the
beauty of natural forms.
Based on the form and process of termite(白蚁) mounds(土堆), Harare’s Eastgate Centre is a superb example
of biomimicry(仿生学). It has a “skin” covered in holes. 23 At night, the heat absorbed by the wall during
the day warms the cool air, creating a suitable temperature so that people can stay inside comfortably. The design
reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, saving a lot of energy and costs.
24 The surface of the apartment building is covered in panels that contain algae. The panels cancapture heat from the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And that’s not all — the algae inside
the panels can be harvested and used to produce fuel. Therefore, the building not only uses less energy, but also
reduces damage to the environment.
Great buildings like these enables us to live in closer harmony with nature. 25 It may be challenging to
meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow, but even the simplest organisms can help teach us
how to achieve this.
A．It is also presented in various architectural designs.
B．What we need is to seek more inspiration from nature.
C．The holes are designed to allow air to move freely in and out.
D．The world’s first algae-powered building is in Hamburg, Germany.
E．The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system.
F．During the day, warm air is drawn into the building through the holes.
G．The design shows the connection between people and modern city environment.
（2023·广东广州·统考二模）What makes a work of architecture great? Most people would argue that
aesthetics (美感) are the most important. 26 However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed
that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure. The Rostonville Library in my city
is a great example of Vitruvius’s principles.
Constructed entirely of granite—a hard and tough stone, the library is durable. It can withstand environmental
pollution. For example, it is resistant to acid rain. Moreover, its granite structure is stable so it’s more likely to
survive an earthquake. 27 It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling.
28 Providing free access to print and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and
accessibility. Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design—there are no inner walls or
dividers. In addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it’s easy to see and get to each department
within the library.
Finally, the library is beautiful, with aesthetically pleasing details both inside and out. The large windows are
copper-framed (铜框的). The copper color provides an interesting contrast against the color of the granite structure
and it will remain as the copper ages. Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the
building, adds to the aesthetics of the building. 29
Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who followVitruvius’s principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. 30
A．The library is also sustainable.
B．It is true that beauty is critical.
C．This is not the only concern of the architects.
D．The library was designed with functionality in mind.
E．It softens the lines of the structure and helps it to fit into its natural surroundings.
F．Plus，the library was built on the edge of the city park，surrounded by native plants.
G．Buildings that fulfill these criteria offer both peace of mind and beauty for their users.
（2023·湖北·开滦第二中学校考模拟预测）4 Traits to Look for in a Great Home Security System
When it comes to choosing a system to secure your home, you want to be sure that you are making the best
decision possible. There are many different home security systems on the market. 31 We give a list of the
top 4 traits to look for in a great home security system.
32 There are many different systems on the market, and not all of them are created equal. When you
are looking for a home security system, you want to be sure that you are choosing a system with a good reputation.
It needs to have 24-hour monitoring. Especially if you are constantly traveling, using your home as a vacation
rental, or are at risk of a medical emergency, it is important that your home security system offers 24-hour
monitoring. 33
It must have smart home capabilities. Nowadays, it is not enough to just have a home security system that
protects your property. 34 This way, you can control all of your devices from one central location and
receive alerts if something goes wrong.
It should be affordable. It is certain that you want to make sure that you buy a system of high quality. 35
There are many different home security systems on the market. Be sure to compare the features and benefits of each
system to find the one that fits your budget.
A．It should have a good reputation.
B．So how do you know which one is right for you?
C．But what should you do to protect your possessions?
D．It should be the one with the highest quality in the market.
E．But you also want to be sure that the system you choose is affordable.
F．This means that even if you are not at home, someone will always protect your home.
G．Your system should also be able to be combined with your other smart home devices.（2023·北京·校考一模）Play Helps Develop Bigger, Better Brains!
If play is not simply a way to have fun, for what other reasons has it developed? 36 Earlier this year,
Sergio Pellis of Lethbridge University, Canada, reported that there is a strong positive link between brain size and
playfulness among mammals in general. 37 The opposite was also found to be true.
According to John Byers of Idaho University, the timing of the playful stage in young animals provides an
important clue to what’s going on. If you plot the amount of time a child devotes to play each day over the course
of his development, you discover a pattern typically associated with a “sensitive period”—a brief development
window during which the brain can actually be adjusted in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life. 38
“People have not paid enough attention to the amount of the brain activated by play,” says Marc Bekoff from
Colorado University. Bekoff studied coyote pups at play and found that the kind of behavior involved was
obviously more variable and unpredictable than that of adults. He also reasons that such behavior activates many
different parts of the brain.
39 “There’s enormous cognitive involvement in play,” says Bekoff. He points out that play often
involves complex assessments of playmates and the use of specialized signals and rules. He believes that play
creates a brain that has greater behavioral flexibility and improved potential for learning later in life. 40
A．Play just lights everything up.
B．The importance of playfulness is drawing more attention.
C．The latest idea suggests that play has developed to build big brains.
D．A popular explanation is that it helps children develop the skills they will later need.
E．Think of the relative ease with which kids—but not babies or adults—absorb language.
F．Not only is more of the brain involved in play, but it also activates higher cognitive processes.
G．Comparing fifteen orders of mammals, his team found larger brains are linked to greater playfulness.
（2021·陕西汉中·统考模拟预测）Before you throw that old cell phone in the trash, or hide it away in a
drawer, think again. There are actually many ways to deal with a mobile phone that you are no longer using.
First, you should be aware that in many places, throwing away cell phones is actually illegal because the
batteries, especially in very old phones, can contain poisonous metals. 41 .
42 . In fact, most companies that recycle them get paid to do so. This had led to many charities making a
small amount of money by collecting old phones. There are large organizations that will take unwanted phones.However, you might also want to think locally.
Many schools and local charities now have recycling programs. And they do make a little bit on each donation.
43 , you might consider starting a small local one, perhaps for a local public school. Check first, since so many
schools have gotten the jump on recycling them already. 44 , or smaller and better phones, there are plenty of
old cell phones just waiting for a place to land, and smart schools have provided that place.
You might also want to hang onto any accessories(配件)that you have. 45 . Continuing to use
A．You certainly don’t need to pay to recycle an old cell phone
B．There are better places to get rid of them than your trash can
C．Things like chargers or covers can often be used with your new phone
D．Local charities have contributed a lot in repairing unwanted phones
E．As people move to bigger and better phones
F．The saying that one man’s trash is another man’s treasure certainly applies
G．If you can’t find a large cell phone recycling program in your area
（2023·四川·校考模拟预测）Adopting a pet is rapidly becoming the preferred option for many people
wanting to add an animal companion. It’s true that many people are happy to part with thousands of dollars for
purebred(纯种的)dogs and cats. 46
Homeless animals can make wonderful pets. People often assume that dogs and cats end up in shelters because
they’re unwanted or badly behaved. There are many reasons owners may need to re-home their pet-divorce,
hospitalization, or the time and money needed to care for a dog. 47
Adult animals have benefits. Shelters have a wide range of potential pets and there are many benefits from
adopting a more mature dog or cat. Not starting from scratch helps avoid much of the craziness and mess associated
with puppies. They will already be vaccinated, so you will have fewer start-up costs. 48 A young animal’s
behaviour may still be developing, whereas an older animal’s personality and behaviour should be evident, so no
surprises.
49 You should only adopt a dog or cat from a trusted shelter or rescue group. Ethical establishments
will have a behavioral trainer to assess the character of every dog and cat. The staff should ask you lots of questions
to recommend the most suitable pet. Ongoing behaviour and training advice should be available, and you should be
able to return the pet if things don’t word out.
There’s something else to keep in mind. It’s important for you to only select a pet that will suit your lifestyle,not a pet you feel sorry for. 50 There’s a lot of responsibility associated with managing animals
appropriately.
A．Pets not only provide but call for company.
B．Animal experts discuss how to adopt a pet.
C．Most importantly what you see is what you get.
D．Choose an appropriate animal from a reliable source.
E．Consider the pet’s suitability for your family and lifestyle.
F．You need to think carefully about how you will care for it.
G．Some dogs and cats become lost, are not identified and are never claimed.
（2024·云南·云南省下关第一中学校联考模拟预测）Are you someone who easily gets tired and doesn’t
feel like doing anything? Do you label this kind of behavior as mere laziness? 51
Feel disconnected from everything.
People experiencing exhaustion most commonly don’t feel like themselves anymore, don’t feel engaged by
anything and constantly struggle with the sense of helplessness and inability to take back control of their lives.
Used to be motivated and passionate.
A clear difference between someone who’s worn out and someone who’s lazy is that the tired people used to
have things they were passionate about. 52 And even hate doing anything because of how much they
overworked themselves.
Become moody and annoyed.
Do you suddenly find yourself easily angry? 53 If you start to have trouble controlling your emotions,
especially when it never used to be a problem for you, this might be the reason why.
54
One of the warning signs is that you start neglecting your self-care and socially keep away from others. You
stop making an effort to dress up yourself or look good and you tend to spend most of your time by yourself doing
nothing.
Changes happen gradually.
Studies show that exhaustion develops in five major stages, according to degrees of severity. The honeymoon
phase, the onset of stress, chronic stress, exhaustion and habitual exhaustion. By the time you reach the final stage,
exhaustion will make you suffer from depression and anxiety. 55
A．Ignore your self-care.B．Focus on warning signs.
C．Do you often feel emotionally out of control?
D．So it’s important to raise awareness about exhaustion.
E．But the lazy people don’t ever devote themselves to things.
F．However, they may now be struggling to find interest in anything.
G．Here are five signs to show you’re experiencing exhaustion rather than laziness.
（2023·福建厦门·统考三模）Eating too much salt is one of the causes of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease,
which kills an estimated 17.9 million people each year, according to the WHO. 56 .
Most people in the world consume about 10.8 grams of salt a day, more than double the level recommended by
both the WHO and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. While salt is an essential nutrient, sodium (钠),
accounting for 40 percent of it, narrows and hardens blood vessels (血管). 57 . In fact, many health
organizations suggest that consumers dramatically reduce their sodium intake.
Rather than salt from a shaker in the kitchen, the majority of sodium consumed by most Americans comes
from packaged and prepared foods. 58 . Part of the reason is that years of adding too much salt to foods
has reduced people’s taste sensitivity. “They don’t want to take the initiative to reduce sodium if there’s a
competitor that has a higher content of salt.” the WHO’s Branca said.
59 . They are demanded to improve public awareness around the dangers of an overly salty diet and
force food producers to reduce salt levels through legal standards. The FDA also announces that it plans to change
the rules for nutrition labels on food packages to indicate that they are “healthy.”
The benefits of reducing salt intake begin relatively rapidly. Blood pressure starts falling within weeks for
most people. 60 . “Your tongues will adjust to a reduction in salt, and you’ll be able to better taste the
other flavors,” said Branca.
A．Sensitivity to salt returns soon
B．That’s why they expect a certain amount of salt
C．Just consume no more than a teaspoon of salt a day
D．The U.N.’s health agency is calling on governments to take action
E．If more salt is kept in the body, it slowly puts up the blood pressure
F．It can also lead to brain attacks and other serious medical conditions
G．Food producers continue to add so much salt despite the known health risks（2023·广东阳江·统考一模）Jessica Nabongo longs to set foot in every nation. She started traveling at age
four, along with her parents on family trips from Detroit, Michigan and completed her mission when she landed in
the Seychelles, having visited 195 countries. 61 Along the way, she became a writer, photographer, and
passionate advocate for inclusive and ethical(道德的) tourism .
Here she talks to us about her experience and tips for traveling better.
What inspires your adventures?
62 I have a strong desire to see the differences and similarities in how people live everywhere in the
world, even at home in the United States.
Did you ever experience any obstacles?
I don’t believe in failure. 63 Embarrassment isn’t a natural human personality, in my eyes－it comes
from socialization. If I fell over in the middle of Grand Central Station, I’d laugh at myself. I firmly believe that
every failure in your life is just an opportunity to learn.
64
My mother has always said “ humble(使谦逊) yourself.” I appreciate it because when you travel, depending
on your passport, depending on your social class, depending on so many different things, you can go to places with
a lot of ego（自我）, or you can humble yourself and know that everyone is equal.
What are some things people can do to travel more sustainably(可持续地)?
Single－use plastic is one of the biggest things harming Earth right now, so a lot of my focus is on that. 65
If you’ re in a restaurant and you don’ t have a big appetite, ask for a half portion. It’s about being a deliberate(慎重
的) traveler, just taking that extra minute to think how I can have a lower impact on this place that I’ m in and on
the planet in general.
A．But it’s not just about the country count.
B．I believe failure is the mother of success.
C．Curiosity－that’s what’s always inspired me.
D．What did you depend on during your travel?
E．And I don’t have the ability to be embarrassed.
F．What’s the best piece of advice you’ ve received?
G．But I also think it’s important to watch how much you waste.
（2023·重庆·西南大学附中校考三模）Time to make lemonade out of life’s lemons
When you have an unexpected lockdown staring at you, take it one day at a time. Instead of getting boggeddown by the thought, take each of those days as an opportunity to build new skills, explore hobbies and do things
you’ve always wanted to. 66 .
1. Give your house a makeover
67 ? With a lockdown in full progress, this may be a good time to give your home a fresh new look.
Change the curtains, move your tables, chairs and sofas around the house to try out new combinations. Besides
burning good calories, this activity could help you hit the reset button and let you escape the boredom of same-old.
2 68 There are at least half a dozen people, at any given point of time that you need to call back. An
elderly aunt, that slightly touchy friend, or your former colleague — you really meant to call them back, but ... you
know how it is. This is a good time to find out how your friends and family are doing. Spread the warmth and stay
bonded.
3. Find the bookworm in you
This is a no-brainer to be honest. Besides being a great entertainer, this can be a great use of your me-time,
simply because you will enhance your knowledge of people, society, history and culture. 69 .
4. Try digital housekeeping
Your home may be tidy and in order, but your digital life is a mess: photos all out of place, the music from
god-knows-when, old text files that need to be cleaned up. 70 . Most importantly, you need to change
your passwords and keep them safe.
A．Be a social butterfly — on the phone
B．Here is a list of ideas for you to explore
C．Also, research suggests that reading keeps you smarter
D．Used to the common setting of your routine workplace
E．Therefore, you are supposed to finish the following things
F．Not to mention a system backup and an update of your operating system
G．Tired of seeing the same old seating/dining arrangements, day in, day out
（2023·重庆·重庆实验外国语学校校考三模）With offices slowly re-opening, we may soon be expected to
go back to interviewing in the old-fashioned way—in person. During an interview, your main job is to sell yourself
as a confident and capable asset. But how can you do that? One thing you should do is think about your body
language. 71
● Give a good handshake but not too good. We’ve all heard that a handshake should be firm because one thatis too soft can make you appear weak or shy. 72 You should avoid that. Instead, conduct a proper one to
make both the interviewers and you comfortable.
● Watch your posture(姿势)and maintain eye contact. 73 Nothing conveys disinterest and lack of
confidence like a slouch (懒散的人). And remember that although it may feel uncomfortable at times, eye contact
is also key—especially while the other person is talking.
● 74 If you keep putting your hands on or near your face, it can send the message that you’re not
comfortable with what you’re saying. When you’re not gesturing, put your hands in your lap. And don’t forget to
smile—a smile not only conveys warmth, receptivity and positivity, it also helps reduce stress.
● Listen actively and try using the mirroring technique. Active listening is a key part of any interview. 75
Mirroring or copying someone’s body language is also a powerful way to convey connection. Face your
interviewers directly, sit in the same position and try to match the pace and volume of their talk.
A．Don’t gesture but smile.
B．But there is such a thing as too firm.
C．And here are some common red flags to avoid
D．Keep your hands away from your face and smile.
E．This may seem obvious but it bears repeating: Sit up straight.
F．By doing so, you indicate to the interviewers that they have your full attention.
G．Here are a few ways to use body language to your advantage in your job interview.
真题演练
2023年
Passage 1
【2023年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is
human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring?
Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your
personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’vedone for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing
without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange
thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t
wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this—it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The
thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to
develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
Passage 2
【2023年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I’m often asked by curious
followers how to begin an art journey. Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer. I do remember, though, what
it was like to be a complete beginner. So I’ve put together some good tips for starting an art journey.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies. These small studies provide inspiration
and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. ___16___ You’ll want to look back on your
journey to see how far you’ve come.
·Paint often and paint from life. There’s no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles. Whether
you paint still lifes, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. ___17___
·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. ___18___ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.
Welcome to the club；we’ve all been there. I love taking on challenges. I once took up a challenge to create a
painting every day for a month and post the works online.
·___19___ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth. I post my work on social
media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people. They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my
level of artistic ability.The journey you’re on won’t follow a straight path. ___20___ Push through, give it time and put in the effort.
You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.
.
A Get out of your comfort zone.
B. Make career plans and set goals.
C. Don’t throw away your beginner art.
D. Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.
E. You’ll hit roadblocks, and you’ll feel discouraged at times.
F. Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role.
G. You’ll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.
Passage 3
【2023年全国乙卷】Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they
are the unsung heroes of the home. ____16____, but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are easy to
look after and are not very expensive.
What are indoor plants?
Indoor plants, also known as houseplants or pot plants, are plants that like to grow indoors. Many of these
species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK, especially in the winter. ____17____.
Why are indoor plants good for you?
Will Spoelstra, who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens, says, “____18____. I find during the winter months,
plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants
can improve creativity, focus and memory. There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around
them by removing harmful gases, such as carbon dioxide. They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or
cooking. ____19____.
Which plants can you grow?
Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy
plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and
you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “____20____,” Spoelstra says.
“It can bring a new interest and focus into people’s lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”
A. All plants are different
B. Not only do they look beautifulC. There are many benefits to growing plants indoors
D. Instead, they grow better inside, where it is warmer
E. Plants like peace lilies and devil’s tongue are among the best
F. Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help
G. Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding
Passage 4
【2023年全国甲卷】Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
Here’s a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There
is one answer. ___16___.
In the Digital Age, we’re used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However,
research suggests that if we practiced patience, we’d be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks.
●Practice gratitude (感激)
Thankfulness has a lot of benefits: Research shows it makes us happier, less stressed and even more optimistic.
___17___. “Showing thankfulness can foster self-control,” said Ye Li, researcher at the University of California.
● Make yourself wait
Instant gratification (满足) may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time, but psychology research
suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit
of waiting is to practice. ___18___. Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra
minutes before going for that cake. You’ll soon find that the more patience you practice, the more you start to apply
it to other, more annoying situations.
● ___19___.
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “___20___.” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patience
F. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patiencePassage 5
【2023年北京卷】It’s a joyful and stressful time of year in the United States for students and their families
as they make decisions about where to attend college. Families often turn to rankings systems to help make a
decision. ____35____
When I talk to families as a scholar of higher education, they’re often surprised that teaching excellence is not
counted in rankings. ____36____
Emerging research suggests that courses in lower-ranked universities, on average, scored higher on teaching
than courses in higher-ranked universities. ____37____ The absence of teaching excellence from the rankings is
surprising given the link between high-quality teaching and student success. Quality teaching is one of the most
important predictors of a wide range of college outcomes.
Rankings, however, are only one reason why a low value is placed on teaching in higher education.
Administrators often don’t view teaching excellence as a way to increase enrolment (注册) or funding.
____38____ Research shows that the more time instructors spend on teaching, the lower their salary. What is the
result？ Many instructors continue to teach using traditional lectures, which lead to lower success rates.
____39____ Nevertheless, not much will change until schools with high-quality teaching are rewarded with
more resources, higher rankings and increased enrolments. In the long term, universities, organisations that rank
schools, and others should work to make teaching a valued, core part of the mission.
What should students and their families do? They should give strong consideration to universities where high-
quality teaching is valued, even though the schools may be ranked lower.
A. Higher education has achieved its true potential.
B. Therefore, it’s not highly valued in hiring or promotion.
C. Quality teaching has been an important reputation-building factor.
D. However, the rankings ignore a critical factor: the quality of teaching.
E. Efforts to improve teaching at the university level have recently emerged.
F. They’re even more surprised at how teaching is undervalued by universities.
G. In fact, universities often shift emphasis from teaching to other ranking factors.
2022年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2022年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ”while another read: “___16___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___17___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___18___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___19___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___20___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Passage2
【2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process
can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a completehighway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___19___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage3
【2022年全国乙卷】Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to
sustain (保持) long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact (联系) and share with one
another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge. ___16___.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted
and what method works best for you both. ___17___. There are alternatives to constant written communication,
such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy (共情)
___18___. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel
abandoned.
· ___19___
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that
keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone___20___, but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.
Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever
possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
Passage4
【2022年全国甲卷】Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___16___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___17___ .
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___18___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___19___ . In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___20___ , the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensilsD. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage5
【2022 年北京卷】Health and fitness help a person live a good and healthy life. Often due to various
pressures, we tend to ignore our health. ____35____ It is the fitness level of our body that helps us fight these
diseases.
____36____ We need to be fit to have a healthy body. Similarly, if we are healthy we shall naturally be
attracted towards maintaining the fitness of our body. Health is the state of our body at a given time. We may not
have any disease but still have a weak body, which is ready to be targeted by viruses. ____37____ This does not
definitely mean that we are not healthy. It means the fitness level is not in accordance with our age and the climatic
conditions we live in.
It is important for everyone to devote some time to health and fitness. ____38____ For instance, we must
exercise daily regardless of our age and working style. There are different levels of exercises for different age
groups and we must do them according to our own health and age.
Additionally, it is important to relax our body. We should have at least six to eight hours of sleep every day. It
helps in improving our immune (免疫) system and protects us against diseases. ____39____ This, in turn, gives us
new goals of health and fitness.
A. Fitness levels decide the quality of life.
B. Health and fitness are interrelated to each other.
C. It also helps in keeping us calm and relaxes our mind.
D. For instance, we may have a tendency to catch a cold easily.
E. If we keep our body fit, we can enjoy life in a better manner.
F. There are some activities which everyone should do in our life.
G. This makes our body suffer and we will catch other diseases.
Passage6
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is toachieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
Passage7
【2022年浙江卷1月】I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but 1 have made specific choice that
allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. 11
Pick the most important.
12 Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. 1 chose the life of an adviser because I like
to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle 1
want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc. 13
Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work environment. Find
people in your company who share common interests and develop your career （职业）around the people and
activities you love.
14You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress
and keep refining （改进）toward a happy productive existence. 15 Every completion is a small victory that adds
up in a big way.
A. Speed up.
B. Be an active learner.
C. Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D. Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E. The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G. This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
Passage8
【2022年浙江卷6月】I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their
Christmas wish lists. They were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give
Santa some hints(提示)on where to buy their presents. ____11____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____12____ And when writing doesn’t
seem to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children
write for real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____13____ You write
“Dear Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____14____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____15____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.
F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
2021年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷】If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which
you read -probably does not matter very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate
the benefits of being able to read more quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and
the book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide
whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save
you quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A
history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific
subjects. In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as
well as anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to
put the page number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.Passage2
【2021年全国甲卷】Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes a huge
amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old clothing）is
not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-a-little-sick-of-them
clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes
from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously, how
much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors around
your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of the swap should be
that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
Passage3
【2021年全国乙卷】According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make
yourself interesting at a dinner party.
___36___, if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
People love to talk about themselves. If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do
you do for a living?”, you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talkingto. ___37___, it can bring in “I have this old, broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who
were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation.
___38___? If you can’t take their wine away, you should certainly try to take away their soapbox （讲台）.
If you’re the host, you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the
situation.___39___.
And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a
dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment（赞扬）.
___40___. Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.”
So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploring
C. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
Passage4
【2021年北京卷】Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people．
____35____ The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many
other health problems behind the scenes．
____36____However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting
（分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，
can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed．____37____While the validity of the
idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to
researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels，
through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the
tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the
researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure．____38____ On the other hand，when the musicslowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow
suit．
____39____But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，
which is what makes music so valuable．
A. This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B. Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C. This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D. They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E. The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F. It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G. Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
Passage5
【2021年浙江卷1月】You run into the grocery store to pick up one bottle of water. You get what you need,
head to the front, and choose the line that looks fastest.
You chose wrong. People who you swear got in other lines long after you are already checked out and off to
the parking lot. 11 ．
It turns out, it's just math working against you; chances are, the other line really is faster.
Grocery stores try to have enough employees at checkout to get all their customers through with minimum
delay. 12 ． Any small interruption - a price check, a chatty customer-can have downstream effects, holding up an
entire line.
If there are three lines in the store, delays will happen randomly at different registers. Think about the
probability: 13 ． So it's not just in your mind: Another line probably is moving faster.
Researchers have a good way to deal with this problem. Make all customers stand in one long, snaking line-
called a serpentine line - and serve each person at the front with the next available register. 14 ． This is what they
do at most banks and fast-food restaurants. With a serpentine line, a long delay at one register won't unfairly punish
the people who lined up behind it. Instead, it will slow down everyone a little bit but speed up checkout overall.
15 ． It takes many registers to keep one line moving quickly, and some stores can't afford the space or
manpower. So wherever your next wait may be: Good luck.
A．Why does this always seem to happen to you?
B．So why don't most places encourage serpentine lines?
C．Some of the may have stood in a queue for almost an hour.D．The chances of your line being the fastest are only one in three.
E.How high is the probability that you are in the fastest waiting line?
F.With three registers, this method is much faster than the traditional approach.
G.But sometimes, as on a Sunday afternoon, the system gets particularly busy.
Passage 6
【2021年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷】My husband and I just spent a week in Paris.____36____So the first thing
we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to
leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing ( 水 管 )
worked. ____37____Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in
perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a
couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. ____38____ French strawberries do not taste like
cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
____39____ On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some
groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed
they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency.
You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded.____40____When do these people work? The
French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a
group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
Passage7
【2021年浙江卷6月】You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightlycolored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. ___11___
"I often send postcards to family and friends." he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while,
you never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it ___12___ ” Seeking other like-
minded souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online. Many would say the Internet is
a place for people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.
Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing.com, a social network that has grown to 575,217
registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. ___13___ Running the website has
almost turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a harrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common
communication language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a
postcard written in Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. ___14___ So a common
language is required and in postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to English. ___15___ That said, we know of many
postcrossing members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of
postcrossing," Paulo says.
A. And that's totally fine
B. That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it
C. He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby
D. Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E. On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F. Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G. In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
2020年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2020年新课标Ⅰ】A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance
We all want it… to accept and love ourselves. But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach. 36.
Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.
●37. Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. Why do you follow them? Are you
hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs? Know that your life is your
own;you are the only you in this world.●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made. We are often ashamed of our shortcomings, our mistakes
and our failures. 38. You will make mistakes, time and time again. Rather than getting caught up in how you
could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response? ＂That didn’t go as planned.
But, I tried my best.＂
●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength
before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you
got out of bed today. 39.
●Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections. Turn the page in your journal. Put into words
why you feel unworthy, why you don’t feel good enough. Now, read these words back to yourself. 40. Turn to a
page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements. See how awesome you are?
A. Feeling upset again?
B. Where do you start?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start?
Passage2
【2020年新课标Ⅱ】Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication
In Asia, messaging platforms are growing rapidly, with users in the hundreds of millions, both at work and
play. 36. . It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work.
Written communications can often read as cold and dull. Using emojis can add humor and feeling, keeping
intention clear. 37. , encouraging better and more frequent communication.
In any given office, employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond, and finding common ground in
communication style can be a challenge. 38. . While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually, for
those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve(曲线). The good news is
that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
There is also the matter of tone(语气). Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?
39. . Emoji can help communication feel friendlier, and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging
smile.40. , and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome. And when your employees begin adding
smiling emojis to their business communication, you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture.
A. Message with emojis feel more conversational
B. Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly
C. Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange
D. The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally
E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly
F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace
G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform
Passage3
【2020年新课标Ⅲ】 A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into
a new apartment or house. The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. The party is
a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home. 36. And it is good time to fill the
new space with love and hopeful presents.
37. Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local stores. Some
common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains. Even if
there isn’t a registry, a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with, like a piece of art or a
plant.
38. This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served. There are usually no
planned activities like games at a housewarming party. The host or hostess of the party will, however, probably give
all the guests a tour of their new home. Sometimes, because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person
moves into their new home, people may be asked to help unpack boxes. 39.
Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood
to a new home as a gift. 40. Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm.
A. This isn’t usual though.
B. It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party.
C. You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests.
D. If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts, keep them in a safe place.
E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like.
F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together.
G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter.Passage4
【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ 卷（山东卷）】 Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.16. Do
you want to be a good public speaker? Here are some principles you must master.
People want to listen to someone who is interesting, relaxed and comfortable. Too often when you stand up to
give a speech, you focus on the “public”at the expense of the”speaking. “ 17. Focus on the speaking. Talk
directly to your audience, be yourself and make a connection.
Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes. Yet, the only one who cares about any mistake is
the one who is speaking. People’s attention wanders constantly. In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of
a speaker’s message. So, don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.18.
Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.19. And like everything else in life, that takes practice.
Remember, even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis.
20. It’s rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. “On the other hand, you probably
can’t count the times that you’ve thought, “I’m glad that talk is over. It seemed to go on forever! “So surprise your
audience. Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated. It’s better to leave your listeners
wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end.
A. Do the opposite.
B. You want to be an effective public speaker.
C. You don’ t need to apologize for a minor slip.
D. When it comes to public speaking, less is usually more.
E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience
F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners
G.However, the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be.
Passage5
【2020年新高考全国Ⅱ 卷（海南卷）】Talking with your doctor
Talking freely with your doctor can make you feel better and gives your doctor the information she or he needs
to give you the best care. Don't be afraid or embarrassed to discuss something that is bothering you.____16____
●Stay positive.
Go to your doctor's visits with a good attitude.____17____Think teamwork! Think positive!
●Keep track of how you are feeling.
____18____This will make it easier for you to answer questions about your symptoms（症状）and how
medicines make you feel. It also makes it easier for you to bring up anything that you are worried about. Make sureto be honest about how you feel and how long you've felt that way.
●____19____
Your medical history is a list of your illnesses, treatments, what the doctors told you to do, and anything else
you think your doctor should know. Also, if you are allergic（过敏）to any medicines, be sure to mention that to
your doctor.
●Ask questions.
Do not be afraid to ask your doctor any questions you have. To remember all the questions you have when you
are not in the doctor's office, write them down and bring the list with you to your
appointment.____20____Remember—there's no such thing as a stupid question. If you don't understand the answer
to a question, ask the doctor to explain it again until you do understand.
A. This will make getting answers easier.
B. Here are some tips for talking with your doctor.
C. You can talk to another doctor if the treatments don't work.
D. Before your doctor's visit, keep notes on how you are feeling.
E. Remember, your doctor and other caregivers are on your side.
F. Bring your medical history, including a list of your current medicines.
G. Writing down what the doctor says will help you remember important information.
Passage6
【2020年北京卷】Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one's head in the sand
and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks
to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some
events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____46____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop
negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking
tend to solve problems more effectively. They are less exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to
believe in themselves and in what they do.
____47____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and
anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also
contributes to one's ability to deal with problems and hardships.____48____For example, researchers have found
that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide
a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem asa challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the
contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____49____
In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the
quality of one's life. It doesn't have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a
problem.____50____
Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one's physical and mental health.
A. It doesn't cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.
B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.
C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.
D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.
E. As thinking changes, an individual's behaviour and habits change as well.
F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.
G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.
Passage7
【2020年浙江卷1月】Let's take a minute to think about the water we use. The human body is 60% water
and we need to drink lots of water to be healthy. When we are thirsty we just go to the kitchen and fill a glass with
clean water.
___31___For example, farmers, who produce the food we eat, use water to make the plants grow. When we
turn on a light or switch on a TV or a computer we use energy and we need water to produce this energy.
The truth is that we are lucky enough to have clean water whenever we want，but this is not the case for many
people around the world.___32___That's around one in 10 people in the world. If we drink dirty water，we can
catch diseases from the bacteria and become ill. Every year over 500，000 children die from diarrhea(腹泻)from
dirty water. That's around 1，400 children every day！Also，in some countries children walk many kilometres
every day to get water.___33___Therefore，they don't have time to learn how to read or write and don't get an
education.
___34___On this day every year，countries around the world hold events to educate people about the
problems of dirty water and that clean water is something that everyone should have around the world. At one
school in the UK，children between the ages of 10 and 15 walk 6km with six litres of water.___35___People give
them money to do this and all the money helps get clean water to as many people as possible around the world.
A. We use water indirectly too.B. Every system in our body depends on water to function.
C. It is to inspire people to learn more about water-related problems
D. If children walk many hours a day to get water，they can't go to school.
E. Did you know that around 750 million people do not have clean water to drink？
F. In 1993 the United Nations decided that March 22nd is the World Day for Water.
G. In this way，they know how it feels to walk a long distance carrying heavy bottles.
2019年阅读理解七选五(说明文)
Passage1
【2019年全国卷 Ⅰ】Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.” ____36____ According to
recent studies，the answer is a big YES，if the air quality in your camping area is good.
___37___ If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities-
then the air is filled with life-giving，energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors，your body will learn to
breathe more deeply，allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉)and your brain.
Recently，people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing( 治愈).
_____38_____ In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking
at green，growing things can reduce stress，lower blood pressure，and put people into a better mood(情
绪).Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients Who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a
faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ______39______ It gives us a great feeling of peace.
___40___While the sun's rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure
you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin— put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes
sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that's plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day's worth of
Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.Passage 2
【2019 年全国卷Ⅱ】Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the
question:“Should I jump? This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two
sides of same coin. ___36___Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.
___37___ More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate
yourself , your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires ,etc. Only then should your
you’re your goals
You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly
related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ___38___ So, slow down and
think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward.
Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your
beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.____39____ They also need to be measurable. You
must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.
Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become
one because your eyesight is not good enough.____40____You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to
set a fresh goal.
You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome
them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.
A. This can affect your work.
B. So how should you motivate yourself?
C. However, this should not discourage you.
D. So why should we try to set specific goals?
E. They can change according to circumstances.
F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.
G. Without motivation you can neither set a goal nor reach it
Passage 3
【2019年全国卷 III】In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is
very important. ___36___ While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can
arise. Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance.
Do's
• ___37___ Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about thecourse design, read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't
hiding in plain sight.
• Participate in discussion forums(论坛), blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ___38___ Be sure
to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.
Don'ts
• Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your
best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ___39___
• Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ___40___ When a student attacks a professor on the
social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's
professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.
A. That's what they are for.
B. Turn to an online instructor for help.
C. If more information is needed, they will ask.
D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.
E. Below are some common do's and don' ts for online learners.
F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.
G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.
Passage 4
【2019年浙江卷6月】Rock music consists of many different styles. Even though there is a common spirit
among all music groups, they make very different music. ___31___ At that time the Beatles entered the world of
music from Liverpool.
After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC, the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with
nationwide tours. By mid-1963, the Beatles had been extremely popular in England. ___32___ They held large
concerts and performed at clubs. They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England. They began as
a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说). John Lennon and Paul
McCartney were named composers of the year.
___33___ They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music. Beatlemania hit New
York on February 7, 1964. Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them. ___34___ The concert was
broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time. The Beatles
were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time. Their victory in
America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll. Thanks to the Beatles, a lotof opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market. ___35___
A. They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964.
B. Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.
C. Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.
D. However, their songs changed the lives of generations to come.
E. Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles.
F. They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night(1964)and Help！(1965).
G. They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio.
Passage 5
【2018年浙江卷11月】Some people are so rude. Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says
“Thank you?” Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on the
Internet? ______31______
Maybe I’m the rude one for not appreciating life’s little courtesies(礼节). But many social norms(规范) just
don’t make sense to people drowning in digital communication.
Take the thank-you note. Daniel Post Senning, a coauthor of Emily Post’s Etiquette，asked, “At what point
does showing appreciation outweigh the cost?”
_____32_____ Think of how long it takes to listen to one of those messages. In texts, you don’t have to
declare who you are or even say hello. E-mail, too, is slower than a text. The worst are those who leave a voice mail
and then send an e-mail message to tell you they left a voice mail.
This isn’t the first time technology has changed our manners, ____33____ Alexander Graham Bell, the
inventor, suggested that people say, " Ahoy! "Finally, hello won out, and the victory sped up the greeting's use in
face-to-face communications.
In the age of the smart phone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about:the weather forecast, a
business’s phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, or an office, which can be easily found on a digital
map. _____34_____ And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail.
How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people,especially older ones,
appreciate a thank-you message. ____35____ In traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern
societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that
time-wasting forms of communication do.
A．Then there is voice mail.
B．Others, like me, want no reply.C． But people still ask these things.
D．Don’t these people realize that they’re wasting your time?
E. Won't new technology bring about changes in our daily life?
F. Face-to-face communication makes comprehension much easier.
G. When the telephone was invented, people didn't know how to greet a caller.
Passage1
【2019年北京卷】Much of the work in today’s world is accomplished(完成)in teams. Most people believe
the best way to build a great team is to gather a group of the most talented individuals._____46_____Companies
spend millions hiring top business people. Is their money well spent？
___47___They focused on football，basketball and baseball. The results are mixed For football and
basketball，adding talented players to a team proves a good method，but only up to the point where 70% of the
players are top talent；above that level, the team’s performance begins to decline. Interestingly，this trend isn’t
evident in baseball. where additional individual talent keeps improving the team’s performance.
To explain this phenomenon，the researchers explored the degree to which a good performance by a team
requires its members to coordinate(协调)their actions.______48______In baseball，the performance of individual
players is less dependent on teammates. They conclude that when task interdependence is high，team performance
will suffer when there is too much talent，while individual talent will have positive effects on team performance
when task interdependence is lower. If a basketball star is. for example，trying to gain a high personal point total，
he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate，affecting the team's
performance. Young children learning to play team sports are often told，“There is no I in TEAM.”___49___
Another possibility is that when there is a lot of talent on a team，some players may make less effort. Just as
in a game of tug-of-war(拔河比赛)，whenever a person is added，everyone else pulls the rope with less force.
___50___.An A-team may require a balance-not just A players，but a few generous B players as well.
A. It's not a simple matter to determine the nature of talent.
B. Sports team owners spend millions of dollars attracting top talent
C. The group interaction and its effect drew the researchers' attention.
D. Stars apparently do not follow this basic principle of sportsmanship.
E. Several recent studies examined the role of talent in the sports world.
F. Building up a dream team is more complex than simply hiring the best talent.
G. This task interdependence distinguishes baseball from football and basketball.
