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专题 19 阅读理解 议论文
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--测
（解析版）
时间 50分钟 共 30小题 （每小题2分, 共60分）
班级____________ 姓名____________
名校最新测试卷 阅读理解（议论文）（共八篇）
1.（广西柳州高中柳南校区英语2022届高考模拟试题）
At first glance, it looks like a small revolution is happening in retail (零售) in America. Nearly 650, 000 workers
in the sector quit their jobs in April, the biggest number in over 20 years. Driven by a combination of low wages,
COVID-19 risks, and harassment (烦扰) from customers, many are leaving their retail jobs behind in search of
something different.
Even before the pandemic, a lot of retail jobs weren’t good jobs. In 2017, the typical pay for full-time workers in
the sector was less than $33, 000 a year, not enough to live on in many places. And unpredictable schedules left many
workers scrambling to arrange child care or transportation at a moment’s notice, never sure if they’d get enough hours
each week to pay their bills. Jobs in the industry were largely considered temporary jobs with low status and low pay.
Then, when the pandemic hit, those jobs also became dangerous, as employees at grocery stores and big-box
retailers like Target and Walmart had to work in person while others sheltered at home. At least 158 grocery storeworkers have died of COVID-19 and at least 35, 100 have been infected or exposed and numbers for the industry as a
whole are likely much higher. Then there are the customers. Harassment and rudeness are a fact of life in many retail
jobs, even under normal conditions. Customers would often yell at groomers over things like not being able to provide
a certain cut or service for a dog.
Retail workers who have concerns about their current jobs may also have more choices than before. With the
economy reopening and many businesses looking to hire, there’s a demand for labor across sectors. But that doesn’t
necessarily mean they were moving on to better jobs — wages across industries haven’t meaningfully risen, meaning
workers who quit aren’t, as a whole, making more money. The fact that workers may have more choices, for now, isn’t
yet translating into better choices. Overall, it’s not clear that the large number of workers quitting really means they
have more power in the economy-power to demand not just a new job but one with higher pay, better conditions, and
fairer treatment from customers and managers alike.
32. What can we learn from Paragraph 1?
A. A lot of retail workers resign their jobs.
B. The retail industry in America is promising.
C. Many workers quit just because of low pay.
D. The customers in America are really annoying.
33. What mainly made the retail jobs more difficult during the pandemic?
A. Workers had fewer job opportunities.
B. Workers’ life safety was in danger.
C. Most of the retail jobs were temporary.
D. Workers received more harassment from customers.
34. What is author’s opinion about the phenomenon in retail?
A. He thinks it requires public attention.
B. He argues it has improved.
C. He believes it a positive development.
D. He supposes it may not bring good results.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Do you want to find a better job?
B. Does the pandemic hit the retail jobs?
C. Does a new job mean a better job?
D. Were the retail jobs good or not?【答案】32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【导语】本文是说明文加议论文，文章描述了美国零售行业发生的一些变化，许多员工辞职去寻求新工作，但
作者认为新的工作并不意味着是一份更好的工作。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“Nearly 650, 000 workers in the sector quit their jobs in April, the biggest
number in over 20 years. ”（今年4月，该行业有近65万名员工辞职，这是20多年来的最大数字。）可知，零
售行业的许多员工在4月辞职了。故选A。
33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Then, when the pandemic hit, those jobs also became dangerous, as employees
at grocery stores and big-box retailers like Target and Walmart had to work in person while others sheltered at home. At
least 158 grocery store workers have died of COVID-19 and at least 35, 100 have been infected or exposed and
numbers for the industry as a whole are likely much higher. ”（然后，当疫情袭来时，这些工作也变得危险，因为
杂货店和塔吉特(Target)和沃尔玛(Walmart)等大型零售商的员工不得不亲自工作，而其他人则待在家里。少有
158名杂货店工作人员死于COVID-19，至少有35,100人被感染或接触过，整个行业的数字可能要高得多。）
可知，员工要在新冠疫情期间外出工作，生命安全没有保障。故选B。
34.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ But that doesn’t necessarily mean they were moving on to better jobs —
wages across industries haven’t meaningfully risen, meaning workers who quit aren’t, as a whole, making more money.
The fact that workers may have more choices, for now, isn’t yet translating into better choices. ”（随着经济重新开放，
许多企业寻求招聘，各行各业都对劳动力有需求。但这并不一定意味着他们找到了更好的工作——各行各业的
工资并没有明显提高，这意味着辞职的工人总体上并没有赚到更多的钱。就目前而言，员工可能有更多的选择，
但这并没有转化为更好的选择。）可知，作者认为换一份新工作不一定会有好结果。故选D。
35.主旨大意题。根据文章大意，美国的零售行业发生了一些改变，很多员工辞职去找寻新的工作，但作者认
为辞职的工人总体上并没有赚到更多的钱。就目前而言，员工可能有更多的选择，但这并没有转化为更好的选
择，所以这并不意味着是一份更好的工作。因此，选项C“一份新工作是否意味着一份更好的工作?”为最佳标
题。故选C。
2.（ 2022届广西柳州高级中学高考模拟英语试题）
Mom was a good cook. Her homemade chili sauce was second to none, and the things she could do with a chicken
… well, it makes my mouth water to think about it. I once offered to make my sister Kathy’s bed for a week if she
would give me the last slice of toast made by Mom.
No doubt about it, Mom was a great cook — most of the time. If a beef steak was placed in her frying pan, she
turned into the anti-cook. She could turn that finest meat into a piece of hard protein with the smell of shoe leather. Of
course, she really tried.One day, my brother Bud took me out for lunch in a popular restaurant and he ordered beef steaks. Since he was
paying, I thought I should have at least one or two bites. But when the waitress served our steaks, I was surprised at
how good they smelled. Suddenly I understood why others spoke of beef steaks lovingly. I wolfed down my steak. I
was a born-again beef-eater.
“You know,” I said to Bud, “I used to think Mom was a great cook. But it’s hard to believe that her steaks came
from the same animal as these steaks.”
“Mom is really a great cook,” Bud said. “Think about it. She grew up during the Great Depression (大萧条).
That’s when she learned to cook. How often do you think they had steaks? It is only recently that they could afford to
buy steaks. So it isn’t that she isn’t a good cook.”
It’s that way with all of us, isn’t it? Even our strengths have elements (成分) of weakness. That’s why great
athletes still train and great actors still practice. Greatness isn’t something we are; it is something we become. And that
process (过程) of becoming includes learning and growing through both success and failure.
4. What does the underlined sentence mean?
A. The author’s mom was a really good cook.
B. The author loved his family members very much.
C. Mom loved Kathy more than the author.
D. The toast made by Mom was the author’s favorite food.
5. How did that eating in the restaurant affect the author?
A. He realized that beef was the best meat.
B. He started to like home-made beef steaks.
C. He would eat beef steaks only in that restaurant.
D. He didn’t think beef steaks were terrible food anymore.
6. Why couldn’t the author’s mom cook beef steaks well?
A. She seldom ate meat when she was young. B. She had little experience in cooking them.
C. She couldn’t afford good beef at that time. D. She actually wasn’t a good cook.
7. What message does the text want to give?
A. One is never too old to learn. B. Failure is the mother of success.
C. Greatness still needs learning and growing. D. Everyone has both strengths and weaknesses.
【答案】4. A 5. D 6. B 7. C
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者觉得母亲是一位好厨师，可是唯独不会煎牛排，分析原因
发现是因为母亲成长在“大萧条”时期，直到最后才能买得起牛排，从这件引起了作者的某些感慨。4.句意猜测题。根据第一段第一、二句话“Mom was a good cook. Her homemade chili sauce was second to none,
and the things she could do with a chicken … well, it makes my mouth water to think about it. (妈妈是个好厨师。她
自制的辣椒酱是首屈一指的，而且她用鸡肉做的东西……嗯，一想到它我就流口水了)”可知，本段主要介绍妈
妈做的饭非常好吃，所以划线的句子“I once offered to make my sister Kathy’s bed for a week if she would give
me the last slice of toast made by Mom(我曾经提议，如果我妹妹凯西愿意给我妈妈做的最后一片吐司，我可以为
她铺床一周)”也是在强调妈妈是个好厨师。故选A。
5.推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句话“If a beef steak was placed in her frying pan, she turned into the anti-
cook. She could turn that finest meat into a piece of hard protein with the smell of shoe leather.( 如果在她的煎锅里放
一块牛排，她就会变成一个反烹饪者。她可以把最好的肉变成一块带有鞋革气味的坚硬的蛋白质)”以及第三段
最后三句话“Suddenly I understood why others spoke of beef steaks lovingly. I wolfed down my steak. I was a born-
again beef-eater.(突然，我明白了为什么其他人喜欢谈论牛排。我狼吞虎咽地吃下了牛排。我是一个天生的肉食
者)”可知，作者的妈妈是不会做牛排的，所以作者认为牛排很难吃。但是，去餐馆吃了一次牛排后，让作者惊
讶的是牛排非常的好吃。由此可推知，作者认为牛排不再是糟糕的食物了。故选D。
6.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“'Mom is really a great cook,' Bud said. 'Think about it. She grew up during the
Great Depression (大萧条). That’s when she learned to cook. How often do you think they had steaks? It is only
recently that they could afford to buy steaks. So it isn’t that she isn’t a good cook.'(巴德说：“妈妈真的是个很棒的
厨师。”。“想想看。她是在大萧条时期长大的。那时她学会了做饭。你认为他们多久吃一次牛排？直到最近
他们才买得起牛排。所以她并不是一个好厨师。”)”可知，作者的妈妈并没有多少做牛排的经验导致她做的牛
排非常难吃。故选B。
7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“It’s that way with all of us, isn’t it? Even our strengths have elements (成分) of
weakness. That’s why great athletes still train and great actors still practice. Greatness isn’t something we are; it is
something we become. And that process (过程) of becoming includes learning and growing through both success and
failure.( 我们大家都是这样的，不是吗？即使是我们的优势也有弱点。这就是为什么伟大的运动员仍在训练，
伟大的演员仍在练习。伟大不是我们自己；它是我们成为的东西。而成为的过程包括在成功和失败中学习和成
长。)”可知，作者通过妈妈不会作牛排的经历告诉我们，变得伟大是需要不断在失败中学习和成长的。故选
C。
3.（ 2022届广西柳州高级中学高考模拟英语试题）
What Kids Can Learn From Losing
Everyone wants what’s best for their kid, but no one knows what that is. It might be succeeding, but it might be
failing. It might be winning, but it might be losing. I’ve relearned this truth as a member of that most pitied and enviedof species, the hockey (冰球) parent, while watching my son ascend from Mite to Bantam, House League to Travel.
In his third season in 2013, my son’s team never lost more than three straight games. It was a typically good youth
hockey season. He improved as a player but did not much change as a person. For that, you need to lose, which is what
happened the next year, when his team added its story to the legends of “sporting incapability”. For a time, I worried
that these failures would kill my child’s love of the game.
But that’s not what happened. As bad as it got, the losing was clarifying. It weeded out the kids who were in it less
for the game than the glory, leaving just the die-hards behind. What started as a list of 17 players was culled down to
12. It was especially inspiring for my kid. It taught him a great truth of the world: For everyone good, there is someone
better. For everything big, there is something bigger. In this way, he learned modesty. And, by giving up even the
expectation of victory, he remembered what it was that he’d loved about the game in the first place.
When they began to win, they did it as a different kind of group. When they’d won before, it had been with
individual performance. When ahead, they’d coast. When behind, they’d quit. This new team had character and could
never be counted out, no matter the score. They had learned the most important lesson: You can lose without being
beaten.
They made it all the way to the final, where the winner was decided in overtime (加时赛). When they lost that
game and went into the handshake line, it was not as runners-up (亚军) but as a team that had been made into winners
in the only way that will stick – by losing.
12. Which level may be the highest?
A. Mite. B. Bantam. C. House League. D. Travel.
13. What can you infer from Paragraph 2?
A. The team won three games in the third season 2013.
B. The team was the best youth hockey one.
C. The author’s son did not understand what losing really means.
D. The failures did not kill the child’s love of the game.
14. When the team began to win, what was different from the past?
A. They performed better in the games. B. Their hockey skills improved.
C. They knew when to quit. D. They became mentally stronger.
15. What message does this story convey?
A. Failure teaches success. B. Ups and downs make one strong.
C. He who laughs last, laughs best. D. A good player never lose.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. D 15. A【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者从他的儿子的球队的经历——从非常优秀的球队变为无能球队，再成
为一个有个性、不认输的有坚强毅力的球队——重新认识了一个真理：失败乃成功之母；你可以被打败，但不
能被打垮。
12.细节理解题。根据文章第一段的最后一句“I’ve relearned this truth as a member of that most pitied and envied
of species, the hockey parent, while watching my son ascend from Mite to Bantam, House League to Travel.（作为最
令人怜悯和羡慕的物种——曲棍球队员的家长中的一员，我重新认识了这个真理，看着我的儿子从Mite打到
Bantam, 从House League打到Travel）”可知，Travel是级别最高的。故选D项。
13.推理判断题。根据第二段的句子“For a time, I worried that these failures would kill my child’s love of the game.
（有一段时间，我担心这些失败会扼杀孩子对比赛的热爱。）”可知，作者担心失败会让儿子不再热爱比赛，
所以推论出他的儿子不理解失败的真正意义是什么。故选C项。
14.细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“When they’d won before, it had been with individual performance. When
ahead, they’d coast. When behind, they’d quit. This new team had character and could never be counted out, no matter
the score. They had learned the most important lesson: You can lose without being beaten.（他们以前赢的时候，都是
靠个人表现。 当领先的时候，它们会轻松取胜。 一旦落后，他们就会放弃。 这支新球队很有个性，无论比
分如何都不会打垮。 他们学到了最重要的一课:你可以输而不被打垮。 ）”可知，他儿子的球队和以前相比
更加坚强。故选D项。
15.主旨大意题。作者从他的儿子的球队的经历——从非常优秀的球队变为无能球队，再成为一个有个性、不
服输的有坚强毅力的球队——重新认识了一个真理：失败乃成功之母；你可以被打败，但不能被打垮。故选A
项。
4.（2022届北京中国人民大学附属中学高三三模英语试题）Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not
recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.
In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used
recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I
could create my own? Imitating role modelsis like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going,
but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.
In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously (下意识地) hold poor role models. If, as a child, you
observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow
what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.
In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step
off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not theirbad character or unacceptable behaviors.
Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books,
teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by
inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those
who do what has been done inside them. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces
is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.
Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. Then you can say,
“I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering on.”
31. Imitation proves useful when you________.
A. know you are unique
B. lose the balance of life
C. begin to learn something new
D. get tired of routine practice
32. According to the author, the world moves on because of those who are________.
A. desperate to influence others with their knowledge
B. ready to turn their original ideas into reality
C. eager to discover what their ancestors did
D. willing to accept others’ ideas
33. The trouble a creator faces is________.
A. the lack of strong motivation
B. the absence of practical ideas
C. how to search for more materials
D. how to use imagination creatively
34. What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A. To highlight the importance of creativity.
B. To criticize the characters of role models.
C. To compare imitation with creation.
D. To explain the meaning of success.
【答案】31. C 32. B 33. D 34. A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章讨论了要创新，不要盲目模仿。
31.细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. (在技能
或性格发展的早期阶段，模仿是有帮助的)”以及所举的例子可知，当你开始学习新东西时，模仿被证明是有用的。故选C。
32.推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something
unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you
because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. (愿意按照他们突然的渴望去创造一些独特的
东西的人是幸运的。想想那些对你影响最深的电影、书籍、老师和朋友。他们之所以能够打动你是因为他们的
创作是基于灵感而不是绝望)”可知，根据作者的观点，世界因为那些准备把他们的原始想法变成现实的人而前
进。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. The problem a creator faces is
not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. (有创造力的人有无
穷无尽的想法。创作者面临的问题不是没有素材；而是关于如何处理敲响想象之门的材料)”可知，创造者面临
的问题是如何创造性地运用想象力。故选D。
34.推理判断题。根据第一段“Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth,
imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. (盲目模仿是自我毁灭。对于
那些认不出自己独特价值的人来说，模仿显得很有吸引力；对于那些知道自己实力的人来说，模仿是不可接受
的)”及下文的论述可知，文章的主要目的是强调要创新，不要盲目模仿。故选A。
5.（北京101中学2022届上学期高三年级10月月考英语试卷）
“If I only had a little humility, I’d be perfect,” the media giant Ted Turner supposedly said sometime in the
1990s. Why be modest? Aristotle said: “All men by nature desire to know.” Intellectual humility is a particular
instance of humility, since you can be down-to-earth about most things but still ignore your mental limitations.
Intellectual humility means recognising that we don’t know everything. Actually, it means we should
acknowledge that we're probably biased in our belief about just how much we understand and seek out the sources
of wisdom that we lack.
The Internet and digital media have created the impression of limitless knowledge at our fingertips. But, by
making us lazy, they have opened up a space that ignorance can fill. The psychologist Tania Lombrozo of the
University of California explained how technology enhances our illusions (错觉) of wisdom. She argues that the
way we access information is critical to our understanding—and the more easily we can recall an image, word or
statement, the more likely we’ll think we’ve successfully learned it, and so withdraw from effortful cognitive
processing. Logical puzzles presented in an unfriendly font (字体), for example, can encourage someone to make
extra effort to solve them. Yet this approach runs counter to the nice designs of the apps and sites that populate our
screens, where our brain processes information in a “smooth” way. What about all the information that presentsonline? Well, your capacity to learn from it depends on your attitudes. Intellectually humble people don’t hide or
ignore their weaknesses. In fact, they see them as sources of personal development, and use arguments as an
opportunity to refine their views. People who are humble by nature tend to be more open-minded and quicker to
resolve disputes, since they recognise that their own opinions might not be valid.
At the other end of the scale lies intellectual arrogance. Such arrogance almost always originates from the
egocentric bias – the tendency to overestimate their own virtue or importance, ignoring the role of chance or the
influence of other people’s actions on their lives. This is what makes these people credit success to themselves and
failure to circumstance. From an evolutionary perspective, intellectual arrogance can also be seen as a way of
achieving dominance through forcing one’s view on others. Intellectually arrogant people hardly invest mental
resources in discussion or working towards group consensus, thus making it hard for groups to work successfully.
The Thrive Center for Human Development in California, which seeks to help young people turn into
successful adults, is funding a series of major studies about intellectual humility. Their hypothesis is that humility,
curiosity and openness are key to a fulfilling life. “Without humility, you are unable to learn,” Laszlo Bock,
Google’s Head of People Operations, notes.
31. The passage is mainly about ______.
A. the harm arrogance does to us
B. the key elements to a fulfilling life
C. the significance of intellectual humility
D. the way people access information online
32. Technology enhances our illusions of wisdom because it ______.
A. enables people to think critically
B. offers too much unreliable information
C. allows easy access to abundant information
D. makes it hard for people to recall information
33. According to Para.3, intellectually humble people ______.
A. value others’ opinions more than their own
B. use online information to better themselves
C. are unwilling to show their strengths
D. prefer to solve difficult problems
【答案】31. C 32. C 33. B
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了理智的谦逊的重要性。理智谦逊的人不会隐藏或忽视自己的弱点，他们把这视为个人发展的源泉，并把争论当作完善自己观点的机会。
31.主旨大意题。分析文章可知，文章主要讲述了理解的谦逊的重要性。理智谦逊的人不会隐藏或忽视自己的
弱点，他们把这视为个人发展的源泉，并把争论当作完善自己观点的机会。结合选项，故选C。
32.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“The Internet and digital media have created the impression of limitless
knowledge at our fingertips.”以及“the way we access information is critical to our understanding – and the more
easily we can recall an image, word or statement, the more likely we’ll think we’ve successfully learned it, and so
withdraw from effortful cognitive processing.”可知，技术增强了我们对智慧的幻想，因为它使我们能够容易地获
得丰富的信息。结合选项，故选C。
33.细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“Intellectually humble people don’t hide or ignore their weaknesses. In fact,
they see them as sources of personal development, and use arguments as an opportunity to refine their views.”可知，他
们把网上的信息视为个人发展的源泉，是完善自我的机会。结合选项，故选B。
6.（河北省唐山市开滦第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次联考英语试题）
Everyone has a different idea about what achieving success involves. For some, they want to lose weight. For
others, they desire to build a business that creates financial freedom.
Whatever success means to you, it has probably shaped you over the years by the images you see of people in
creating success for themselves. Social media has millions of daily users that are sharing information about their life
and business. You see their stories of success and wins. It’s not uncommon for people to share successes without talking
about the struggle on the path to accomplishing those. As a matter of fact, we can’t see the whole picture when someone
shares his/her wins. In other words, we get caught in the comparison trap which can weaken the success-seekers. If
you’re going to reach new growth levels and accomplish your goals, you’ll need to stop chasing a false image of
success.
The Internet and social media have created a culture in which individuals can instantly get a sense of satisfaction
with themselves. You post an achievement, and immediate praise follows. That satisfaction is exciting and makes
individuals want to experience it often. The vanity(虚荣心) causes false decision about what’s going on in someone’s
life. If your image of success is this vanity-driven false one, your looking into someone else’s success journey is a
surface-level glance. You can’t base what you do and the decisions you make on the little bit you see.
A smart strategy is when you see success, model it and use what you see from others as motivation. But don’t let a
surface-level image be your driving force towards your goals. A false image of success has held you back for far too
long. Let the false images of success come and go. After all, attitude drives actions. Actions drive results. Results drive
lifestyles.23．What is the common practice of the successful people?
A．They are always shaped by other people’s success.
B．They often compare their success with others’.
C．They don’t mention their hard work for success.
D．They’d like to share their advantages over others.、
24．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to?
A．A culture. B．A new growth level.
C．The path to success. D．The sense of satisfaction.25．How should we view other people’s success?
A．By copying it with great ambition.
B．By creating an image of our own success.
C．By motivating ourselves to achieve our goals.
D．By making comparisons to find out our shortcomings.
26．What does the author mainly intend to tell us?
A．We can seek for success in different ways.
B．We should not chase a false image of success.
C．We can turn our goals into reality on our own.
D．We’d better not make a decision based on social media.
【答案】23．C 24．D 25．C 26．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要讲述了我们不应该追逐成功的虚假形象，应当在看到别人成功时，模仿它，
把从别人身上看到的作为动力，不要让表面的形象成为实现目标的动力。
23．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’s not uncommon for people to share successes without talking about the
struggle on the path to accomplishing those (人们分享成功却不谈论在实现成功的道路上所付出的努力，这并不罕
见)”可知，成功的人不提及他们为成功所付出的努力。故选C。
24．词义猜测题。根据上句“That satisfaction is exciting and makes individuals want to experience (这种满足感令
人兴奋，让人想要体验)”可知，人想要经常体验这种令人兴奋的满足感。“it”指代本句的“that satisfaction(这
种满足感)”。故选D。
25．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“A smart strategy is when you see success, model it and use what you see
from others as motivation. But don’t let a surface-level image be your driving force towards your goals. (一个聪明的策
略是当你看到成功时，模仿它，把你从别人身上看到的作为动力，但不要让表面的形象成为你实现目标的动
力)”可知，我们应该通过激励自己实现目标来看待别人的成功。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“If you’re going to reach new growth levels and accomplish your goals, you’ll
need to stop chasing a false image of success. (如果你想达到新的增长水平，实现你的目标，你需要停止追逐成功
的错误形象)”以及最后一段“A false image of success has held you back for far too long. Let the false images of
success come and go. After all, attitude drives actions. Actions drive results. Results drive lifestyles.(对成功的错误想
象已经拖你后腿太久了。让成功的假象来了又走吧。毕竟，态度驱动行动。行为驱动的结果。结果驱动的生活
方式)”推知，作者通过这篇文章告诉我们，不应该追逐成功的虚假形象。故选B。
7. (云南省昆明市云南师范大学附属中学2022-2023学年高三上学期适应性月考)
It was just after 5 pm. I was holding a cup of tea at Sainsbury’s, the second largest chain of supermarkets in the U.K. We were around a dozen customers in the supermarket’s cafe, and most of us were on our own. Despite placing the
special sign “Reserved for customers in the mood for a chat” in an obvious position, I got no takers.
Government announcers tell us that Britons of all ages are suffering loneliness. About 200, 000 senior citizens
have not spoken to a friend or relative for over a month. Family doctors suspect that some of their patients are making
appointments because they are lonely. The receptionists also agree that the front desk is a magnet for the isolated to
come and experience a bit of human contact. And the young, even with their busy lives on social media, are also
affected. New research from Sainsbury’s Living Well Index reveals that almost two thirds of the people aged between
18 and 24 have admitted to sometimes feeling lonely.
To ease the problem of loneliness, Sainsbury’s has launched “Talking Tables,” which are reserved spaces where
people can have a chat. They appear in a variety of formats. A sign-posted table located in cafés in-store is one of them.
The concept has been developed in close association with Chatty Café. Alexandra Hoskyn was inspired to start a
network of Chatty Cafés in the U. K. in 2017 after finding herself socially isolated as a new mother at home with young
children.
“We know from our Living Well Index that community connections are a key driver of helping people live well,”
says Judith Batchelar, director of Sainsbury’s brand. “We hope that by bringing people together at our ‘Talking Tables,’
we can develop the potential of our store space to help people be better connected to the communities they live and
work in.”
A European friend suggested that all this unsolicited(自发的) friendliness may not seem very British. However, a
staff member at the Sainsbury’s sounded more positive: “It’s early days, and you cannot change people’s habits
overnight.”
28. Who might come to “Talking Table”?
A. Only the lonely old people.
B. People having communication problems.
C. Teenagers active in social media.
D. Anyone eager to chat.
29. What can we infer from the text?
A. “Talking Table” is a pioneer in the UK.
B. “Talking Table” was inspired by some new mothers.
C. Friendliness can change British habits directly.
D. “Talking Table” can produce a sense of belonging.
30. What is the important element for people’s well-being according to Judith Batchelar?A. Personal ambition. B. Physical and mental health.
C. Communication in the community. D. Relations with family.
31. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The largest supermarket chain in the UK Sainsbury’s.
B. The supermarket’s cafes helping ease loneliness.
C. The latest study on loneliness of senior citizens.
D. The approaches to getting rid of loneliness.
【答案】28. D 29. D 30. C 31. B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了英国超市连锁店Sainsbury’s划出区域作为“Talking Tables”，以减轻
人们的孤独感。
28.细节理解题。根据第二段“Government announcers tell us that Britons of all ages are suffering loneliness.(政府
报幕员告诉我们，各个年龄段的英国人都在遭受孤独。)”根据第三段“To ease the problem of loneliness,
Sainsbury’s has launched “Talking Tables,” which are reserved spaces where people can have a chat.(为了缓解孤独的
问题，塞恩斯伯里推出了“Talking Tables”，这是人们可以聊天的预留空间。)可知，任何年龄段的英国人都会
有孤独感，因此第三段第一句提到Talking Tables给人们提供一个交流的地方，即想聊天的人可以来“Talking
Tables”。故选D。
29.推理判断题。根据文章第三、四段，特别是第四段中“We hope that by bringing people together at our ‘Talking
Tables,’ we can develop the potential of our store space to help people be better connected to the communities they live
and work in.(我们希望通过把人们聚集在我们的“Talking Tables”上，我们可以开发我们商店空间的潜力，帮助
人们更好地与他们生活和工作的社区联系起来。)”可知，Talking Tables可以增进人们之间的交流，使人们和周
围能够更好地连接，因此能够给人增加归属感。故选D。
30.细节理解题。根据文章第四段最后一句“We hope that by bringing people together at our ‘Talking Tables,’ we
can develop the potential of our store space to help people be better connected to the communities they live and work
in.(我们希望通过把人们聚集在我们的“Talking Tables”上，我们可以开发我们商店空间的潜力，帮助人们更好
地与他们生活和工作的社区联系起来。)”可知，Talking Tables可以增进人们在社区中的交流。故选C。
31.主旨大意题。根据第三段“To ease the problem of loneliness, Sainsbury’s has launched “Talking Tables,” which
are reserved spaces where people can have a chat.(为了缓解孤独的问题，塞恩斯伯里推出了“Talking Tables”，这
是人们可以聊天的预留空间。)”及全文可知，文章主要就是介绍超市咖啡店里的Talking Tables能帮助人们减少
孤独感。故选B。
8. (北京市北京师范大学附属实验中学2022-2023高三上学期开学摸底考试)
Removing gender biasTailors worked out long ago that men and women have different shapes. Yet this message has failed to enter many
other areas of design. Car seat belts, for example, which date back to the 1880s, are often still more suitable for men,
who tend to sit farther back than women when driving. And today the most forward-looking tech companies on Earth
are still placing old-school bias (偏见；成见) into new products. Consider smart phones. Most are too big to fit
comfortably into the average woman’s hand, as are many video-game controllers.
An obvious part of the explanation for their design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-
run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC) funding. Male bosses may be unaware of the problems women face.
They may not flag up obvious areas of concern, or ask the right questions when doing their research for a new product
design. And once an idea gets the green light, it will then be handled by product-design and engineering teams, three-
quarters of whose members are men. These teams often use data to make decisions, but mixing all users together means
they may fail to spot trends based on sex differences. Dependence on historical data, and the lack of data on
underrepresented groups, can also create bias in algorithms (算法).Next comes testing. Naturally, designers test original models on their intended customers, but they may not get
feedback from a broad enough group of people. There is also the risk of confirmation bias—designers may listen to
what they want to hear, and ignore negative reactions from some groups of users.
Tech’s design bias needs fixing for moral, safety and business reasons. The ethical importance is obvious: it is
wrong that women have to make do with a “one-size-fits-men” world, as Caroline Criado Perez, a writer, puts it. As for
safety, regulators can tackle that by banning things that are dangerous to women—including seat belts—because they
are no! designed properly.
But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias, because huge opportunities are being
missed. Women are 50% of the population, and make 70—80% of the world’s consumer-spending decisions.
Change is coming. The first voice-recognition systems struggled to understand female voices, but most now
manage just fine. “Femtech” start-up companies, which focus on women’s health and well-being, may raise MYM 1
billion by the end of this year. VC funds and tech firms are hiring more women. Ensuring that products are designed for
everyone would lead to happier and safer customers. For the companies that get it right, that means higher profits. What
is holding them back?
27．The underlined part in Paragraph 2 means ________.
A．hits the market B．gets approval
C．becomes successful D．comes into being
28．What is discussed in Paragraphs 2 and 3?
A．Why tech’s design bias needs to be fixed.
B．How gender bias is affecting tech companies.
C．Where gender bias in product design is rooted.
D．Who is to blame for gender bias in tech companies.
29．We can learn from the passage that ________.
A．tech companies are unwilling to change
B．design bias may result in missed opportunities
C．male workers benefit more in engineering teams
D．tech companies are poor at making user-friendly products
【答案】27．B 28．C 29．B
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了“产品设计存在性别偏见”这一事实，分析了在产品设计上产生偏
见和原因，出于道德，安全以及商业原因，这些偏见需要消除，而作者对此抱有积极态度。27．词义猜测题。根据划线短语的主语“an idea”意为“想法；主意”，结合后文“ it will then be handled by
product-design and engineering teams, three-quarters of whose members are men.”（然后，它将由产品设计和工程
团队来处理，其中四分之三的成员是男性。）可知，这个想法或创意应是先被批准，才将由产品设计和工程团
队来处理。由此可推知，划线短语“gets the green light”应是“获得批准”含义，与选项B“gets approval(得到
批准)”表达含义一致。故选B项。
28．主旨大意题。通过阅读文章第二，三段内容可知，第二段中“An obvious part of the explanation for their
design problem is that men control most of its companies—male-run firms receive 82% of venture-capital (VC)
funding.”（其设计问题的一个明显原因是男性控制了大部分公司。男性经营的公司获得了82%的风险投资。）
为该段的主旨句，由此可知，第二段主要讲述了产品存在性别偏见的原因是男性控制了大部分公司，并且在进
行决策是，往往使用的是缺乏普适性的数据。第三段的主旨句为“Naturally, designers test original models on
their intended customers, but they may not get feedback from a broad enough group of people.”（当然，设计师会在
他们的目标客户身上测试原始模型，但他们可能无法从足够广泛的人群中获得反馈），由此可知，第三段讲述
了在进行产品测试时，设计师们无法从足够广泛的人群中得到反馈，且往往忽略一些用户群体的负面反馈。由
此可知，第二，三段主要讲述了在产品设计过程中，哪些环节出现了问题。故选C项。
29．细节理解题。根据文章第五段内容“But there is also a powerful business case for avoiding design bias,
because huge opportunities are being missed.”（但也有一个强大的商业理由来避免设计偏见，因为巨大的机会正
在被错过。）可知，设计偏见可能会导致错过巨大的商机。故选B项。
