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专题 17 阅读理解 议论文
备考 2023 年高考英语二轮复习讲练测--讲练
命题解读
议论文是英语中的重要文体，在每年的高考阅读理解中占有一定的比例。议论文说理性强，语言庄重，逻辑缜
密，常用长词、难词、和复杂句，给阅读带来一定难度。此类体裁的文章中有关主旨大意和推理判断的题目会
较多，这也是得分比较难的题型。
体裁特点
议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是使用一定的逻辑方法证明观点或得出结论。议论文的写法通
常有以下三种形式：
写法一：正方(甲方)，反方(乙方)，我认为……
写法二：提出问题，分析问题，解决问题。
写法三：论点，理由(证据)，重申论点。
议论文的内容涵盖文化、历史、文学、科学和教育等各个方面。在这类体裁的文章中把握好论点、论据和论证
很重要。在阅读这类文章的时候，我们要认真把握作者的态度，领悟弦外之音，从而更好地依据文章的事实做
出合理的推断。
考点分布
1. 主旨大意题
2. 推断判断题
3. 细节理解题
4. 结论题和观点态度题5. 词义猜测题
解题策略
1. 把握文章的论点、论据和论证。此外，还要把握文章的结构和语言。
2. 互推法：在议论之后，总会再列举一些具体的例子来支持观点或在一些例子之后，总要抒发一些议论。考
生在理解议论时，可以借助文中所给的实例，从而在形象的例子中推理出抽象的议论；或从议论中推理理解具
体例子的深刻含义，相互推断。
3. 推理法：推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、
段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由
文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。
注意：
1.避免读得太快，做题靠印象和直觉。切忌主观臆断。
2.阅读中需要特别注意下列词有：
(1)标志类、指示类的信息：
①表示并列关系：and, also, coupled with, that is to say, that is等；
②表示转折关系：but, yet, however, by contrast，on the contrary等；
③表示因果关系：therefore, thereby, consequently, as a result等；
④表示递进关系：in addition to, even, what’s more, furthermore等；
⑤表示重要性的词：prime, above all, first, vital等。
以上关键词有助于我们对文章逻辑结构的把握。
(2)具有感情色彩、显示作者态度的词：blind盲目的(贬), excessively过分的(贬), objective(客观)，promising(有
希望的)等。
(3)议论文在语言表达上经常使用一些有辩论、推理含义的词汇和句型,如:however,take...for example, thus,
therefore,consequently(因此)，accordingly(因此)，It follows that..(因而)等。我们可以通过这些关键词迅速把
握作者的写作意图。 以推理判断题主要包括推断题、结论题和观点态度题。一 主旨大意题
解题技巧
对于主旨类试题,关键是迅速找准文章或段落的主题句。每一篇议论文都有一个论点，这个论点就是文章的主
题思想，而且在体现文章论点的重要段落也都有自己的主题思想。在破解议论文文体中的主旨类试题时，一定
要弄清楚作者所提出的态度、观点和主张，这些体现论点的信息通常会出现在文首和文尾，有时考生需要自己
运用归纳的方法得出文章的论点。
典例剖析（2022年全国甲卷）
Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.
Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches,
and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.
Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole
morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our
separate ways — he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Sydney’s striking architecture.B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney’s development. D．Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
【答案】 C
【解析】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney,
Australia. The city discovered its harbor. (20世纪60年代初，澳大利亚悉尼发生了一件大事。这座城市发现了自
己的港口。)”和最后一句“But it is the harbor that makes the city.(但正是港口造就了这座城市。)”可知，第一段
主要是讲悉尼发展的关键。故选C。
二 推断题
解题技巧
推断题:该类试题的正确选项往往用同义词、近义词或正话反说替换原文中的相关词汇。在议论文中，有时从
字面上很难找出文章的论点，这时考生就需要根据作者的态度的观点推导出文章的主旨大意;反过来,文章的论
点比较清楚，命题者也会要求考生推导出作者的态度和观点。另外,作者所运用的举例、引用等论证方法的目
的，也常会需要考生做出正确的推理判断。所以抓住关键词再进行合理推断往往是应对推断题的有效方法。
典例剖析
(2022年北京卷)
......
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists,
the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises,
excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies
have gone through stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially proneto hype, Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to
understand.” And that brings me back to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.(para 3)
After I read the ......
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know.
I’m certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor,
just as I trust Johnson.
11．Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A．sympathetic B．unconcerned C．doubtful D．excited
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里
斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
11．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers
may mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If
researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson
warns. （随着量子计算吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，
他们自己的工作潜力。约翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”
根据最后一段“ But I trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关
于约翰逊的担忧，作者是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀
疑的；D. excited激动的。故选A。
二 细节理解题
解题技巧
细节类试题一般先用题--文--题 法找出与问题相关的词语或句子，再对相关的部分进行细读。尤其注意选项与
原文的细致差别。有时候会在文章中画出某个句子要求考生理解。做好此类试题,关键是在把握文章大意的前
提下,仔细琢磨所在句子的上下文,得出结论。
典例剖析（2022年全国甲卷）
“I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.
“How do you mean?” I asked.
“Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans. Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not
fun to pilot. But that’s progress, I guess.”
33．What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?
A．He goes to work by boat.B．He looks forward to a new life.
C．He pilots catamarans well. D．He is attached to the old ferries.
【答案】 D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段““I’ll miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.(“我会想念这些旧船
的，”我们分手时他说。)”和第五段第二句“Catamarans are faster, but they’re not so elegant, and they’re not fun
to pilot.(双体船更快，但它们不那么优雅，驾驶起来也不有趣。)”可知，Andrew Reynolds喜欢那些旧渡船。故
选D。
四 结论题和观点态度题
解题技巧
结论题和观点态度题:通过段落或文章中心句把握作者的写作意图,结合分析文章措辞,特别是表达情感、态度和
观点的词语,在此基础上推断出作者的“言外之意”和未言明的思想内涵。
五 词义猜测题
解题技巧
议论文文体中的词义猜测题通常和该文体中的论点、论证和论据有关。在语言结构方面,议论文中常常出现并
列、对比、递进、归纳或演绎等体现思想性、逻辑性和科学性的修辞手段,因此考生在阅读理解时要关注这些
要素和修辞方法,从而正确地推测出词汇的正确意义。
典例剖析
New challenges for customer care have come when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call
centers and the Internet.For example, many companies now have to invest(投资)a lot of money in information
technology and staff training in order to cope with the“phone rage”caused by delays in answering calls,being cut off inmid-conversation or left waiting for long periods.
51.The writer mentions “phone rage”(Paragraph 3) to show that_______.
A.customers often use phones to express their anger
B. people still prefer to buy goods online
C.customer care becomes more demanding
D.customers rely on their phones to obtain services
【答案】C
【解析】本题考查考生词义猜测的能力。根据该段第一句“New challenges for customer care have come
when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers...”和之后的例子可以推知，其意思
是在信息时代,顾客服务的要求越来越高，文中的 new challenges 是解题的直接信息，是推断词义的主要根据。
六 真题练一练
1.（2021年全国甲卷D篇）
Who is a genius? This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let's state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go
beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or
creative than the rest of us? And who are they?
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is
not a surprise. It's said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the
genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or
belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that
members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief:
Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford
to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up? It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here's the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we're all positioned to see flashes of
genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race,
and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with
“intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
12. What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?A. They're unfair. B. They're conservative.
C. They're objective. D. They're strict.
13. What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
A. They think themselves smart.
B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys.
D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
14. Why are more geniuses known to the public?
A. Improved global communication.
B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors' concepts.
D. Changes in people's social positions.
15. What is the best title for the text?
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇议论文。文章由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上
“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
【12题】推理判断题。根据第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the
standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or
people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.( 据说历史是由胜利者书写的，
而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡
献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标
准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认的。故选A。
【13题】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six
they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按
照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩
容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情。故选D。
【14题】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all
positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.( 在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道。故选A。
【15题】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容，结合文章第一段提出问题“Who is a genius?（谁是天才）”
和最后一段的“As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance, and
simple geniuses, who are able to change the world.”(正如一位作家所说，未来的天才来自那些具有“智慧、创造
力、毅力和那些能够改变世界的简单天才。”)”可知，天才不一定是那些有巨大贡献的人，他们也可以是某一
方面比较突出的普通人。由此可知B项“天才有多种形式”可以作为本文最佳标题。故选B。
2.（2021年天津卷）About five weeks ago, I noticed the skin of our pet lizard was growing dusty. It worried me. I
reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and children the next morning. Seconds later, our
lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.
I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table. It burst into
hundreds of pieces. As I swept up the mess, I wondered why we had been breaking so many things over the months.
The destruction started three months ago. It was my husband's birthday. He had just lost his job. The uncertainty
was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.
“Let's make a cake for Dad!” I cried.
My kids screamed with joy. We baked, iced and sprinkled for most of the day. Candles on the cake! Balloons on
the walls! Flowers on the table!
Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my daughter climbed up to grab a
glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were everywhere. She sobbed
loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.
Three days ago, the light in our living room suddenly went out. After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful
attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary series The Last Dance.
The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make
such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a
baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them
chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different.
Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.
Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of change is upsetting. The process is tiring.
Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.
46．What can we learn about the pet lizard from Paragraph 1?
A．Its tank grew dirty. B．Its old skin came off.C．It got a skin disease. D．It went missing.
47．Why did the author's husband have banana pudding for his birthday?
A．The birthday cake was ruined. B．The author made good puddings.
C．Pudding was his favorite dessert. D．They couldn't afford a birthday cake.
48．Why does the author mention The Last Dance in the passage?
A．To prove a theory. B．To define a concept.
C．To develop the theme. D．To provide the background.
49．The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .
A．letting go of the past B．looking for a new job
C．getting rid of a bad habit D．giving up an opportunity
50．What does the author most likely want to tell us?
A．Love of family helps us survive great hardships. B．It's not the end of the world if we break things.
C．We should move on no matter what happens. D．Past experiences should be treasured.
【答案】
46．B 47．A 48．C 49．A 50．C
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。讲述了作者的丈夫刚刚丢了工作，这种不确定性开始影响到家人，直到作
者看到家里的宠物蜥蜴换皮和观看了Michael Jordan的纪录片《最后的舞蹈》后，领悟到我们必须学会把过去
抛在脑后，像蜥蜴一样，用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，作为人生的起点。
46．细节理解题。根据第一段中“I reported the strange surface on the skin of the lizard to my husband and
children the next morning. Seconds later, our lizard emerged from its tank with its old skin flowing behind it.(第二天早
上，我向丈夫和孩子们报告了蜥蜴皮肤上奇怪的表面。几秒钟后，我们的蜥蜴从水箱里出来，旧皮肤蜕了下
来)”可知，宠物蜥蜴旧的皮肤脱落了。故选B。
47．细节理解题。根据第六段“Two hours before my husband came back home from another job interview, my
daughter climbed up to grab a glass vase from a high shelf. It fell and crashed beside the cake. Tiny pieces of glass were
everywhere. She sobbed loudly as I threw the cake away. My husband had banana pudding for his birthday.(就在我丈
夫参加另一场工作面试回家前两个小时，我女儿爬到一个高高的架子上，抓起一个玻璃花瓶。它掉下来摔碎在
蛋糕旁边。到处都是细小的玻璃碎片。我把蛋糕扔掉时，她大声抽泣。我丈夫生日吃了香蕉布丁)”可知，作者
的丈夫过生日吃了香蕉布丁是因为生日蛋糕毁了。故选A。
48．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play
baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his
basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him,just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they
were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.( Jordan从心
爱的篮球退役，转而打棒球，这是多么令人痛心的事情，是什么促使他做出如此艰难的决定，让我感到惊讶。
当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他脱下了那层不再适合他的衣服，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。他们
都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我们一样。我意识到
我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts with hope. With our
tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。用我们柔嫩、充满
希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者在文章中提到The Last Dance是为了展开文章关于放手过去，重
新开始的主题。故选C。
49．词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they
had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the
past behind.(他们都没有选择那个改变了他们的时刻。但他们必须和自己生活在一起因为一切都变了。就像我
们一样。我意识到我们必须学会把过去抛在脑后)”可知，作者看着乔丹脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，意识到看
到他放开了过去，把过去抛在脑后了。即画线词意思是“放开过去”。故选A。
50．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Humans do not shed skin as easily as other animals. The beginning of
change is upsetting. The process is tiring. Damage changes us before we are ready. I see our lizard, raw and nearly new.
(人类不像其他动物那样容易蜕皮。变革的开始令人不安。这个过程很累人。伤害在我们准备好之前就改变了
我们。我看到了我们生嫩的、几乎是全新的蜥蜴)”以及最后一段“Jordan said that no matter how it ends, it starts
with hope. With our tender, hopeful skin, that is where we begin.( Jordan说，不管结局如何，都是以希望开始的。
用我们柔嫩、充满希望的皮肤，那是我们的起点)”可推知，作者最有可能想告诉我们无论发生什么，我们都应
该继续前进。故选C。
3.（2021年天津卷）
There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a specialist. Knowing a little about a lot of
things that interest you can add to the richness of a whole, well-lived life.
Society pushes us to specialize, to become experts. This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of
study or research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.
There is a great deal of pressure to master one's field. You may pursue training, degrees, or increasing levels of
responsibility at work. Then you discover the pressure of having to keep up.
Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty. But such commitment can also
weaken a sense of freedom. These specialists could work at the office until ten each night, then look back and realizethey would have loved to have gone home and enjoyed the sweetness of their family and friends, or traveled to exciting
places, meeting interesting people. Mastering one thing to the exclusion （排 除）of others can hold back your true
spirit.
Generalists, on the other hand, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the whole with all its
connections. They are people of ability, talent, and enthusiasm who can bring their broad perspective （视角）into
specific fields of expertise （专长）.The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one who can
give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills.
Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions in all related areas. Some of your interests
may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you discover that they are. My editor Toni, who is
also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history. Fascinated by the structural
beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy. "I don't
know where it will lead, but I'm excited I'm on this pursuit."
These expansions into new worlds help us by giving us new perspectives. We begin to see the interconnectedness
of one thing to another in all aspects of our life, of ourselves and the universe. Develop broad, general knowledge and
experience. The universe is all yours to explore and enjoy.
57．To become a specialist, one may have to_____.
A．narrow his range of knowledge
B．avoid responsibilities at work
C．know more about the society
D．broaden his perspective on life
58．The specialists mentioned in Paragraph 3 tend to______.
A．treasure their freedom
B．travel around the world
C．spend most time working
D．enjoy meeting funny people
59．According to the author, a superior doctor is one who_____.
A．is fully aware of his talent and ability
B．is a pure specialist in medicine
C．should love poetry and philosophy
D．brings knowledge of other fields to work
60．What does the author intend to show with the example of Toni?A．Passion alone does not ensure a person's success.
B．In-depth exploration makes discoveries possible.
C．Everyone has a chance to succeed in their pursuit.
D．Seemingly unrelated interests are in a way connected.
61．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist
B．Specialist or Generalist: Hard to Decide
C．Turn a Generalist into a Specialist
D．Ways to Become a Generalist
【答案】
57．A 58．C 59．D 60．D 61．A
【解析】本文是议论文。文章论述了要当一个多面手，而不是当某方面的专家。
57．推理判断题。文章第二段中提到“This requires commitment to a particular occupation, branch of study or
research. The drawback to being specialists is we often come to know more and more about less and less.（成为专家
需要对特定的职业、研究领域的投入。成为专家的缺点是我们常常对越来越少的知识领域了解得越来越
多。）”根据“know … about less and less”可知，要成为一名专家，了解到的知识领域会越来越少，会缩小他
的知识范围。故选A。
58．细节理解题。第三段中提到“Some people seem willing to work around the clock in their narrow specialty.
…These specialists could work at the office until ten each night (有些人似乎愿意在他们狭隘的专业领域夜以继日地
工作。…… 这些专家可以每天晚上在办公室工作到十点。)”由此可知，这些专家往往花大部分的时间在工作
上。故选C。
59．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中“The doctor who is also a poet and philosopher is a superior doctor, one
who can give so much more to his patients than just good medical skills. (这位既是诗人又是哲学家的医生是一位优
秀的医生，他能给他的病人提供比良好的医术更多的东西。)”可知，作者认为一名优秀的医生可以将其他领域
的知识带到工作中。故选D。
60．推理判断题。文章第五段中提到“Things are connected. Let your expertise in one field fuel your passions
in all related areas. Some of your interests may not appear to be connected but, once you explore their depths, you
discover that they are.（事物之间是有联系的。让你在一个领域的专长激发你在所有相关领域的热情。你的一些
兴趣可能看起来没有联系，但一旦你深入探索，你就会发现它们是有联系的。）”；下文举出Toni的例子
“My editor Toni, who is also a writer, has edited several history books. She has decided to study Chinese history.
Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more aboutChinese philosophy.（我的编辑Toni也是一位作家，她编辑过几本历史书。她已决定学习中国历史。作为一名
画家，她痴迷于紫禁城的建筑之美，同时也对更多地了解中国哲学感兴趣。）”由此可以推断，作者想通过
Toni的例子说明看似不相关的兴趣，如果深入探索的话，在某种程度上是有联系的。故选D。
61．主旨大意题。文章第一段提出观点“There is something to be said for being a generalist, even if you are a
specialist.”作者提出即使你是一个专家，也应该当一个通才；文章第二段提出“The drawback to being specialists
is we often come to know more and more about less and less. ”说明成为专家的不足之处是我们常常对越来越少的
知识领域了解得越来越深；第四段中提到“Generalists, …, know a lot about a wide range of subjects and view the
whole with all its connections.”说明当通才的优点往往对广泛的学科了解得很多，并从整体上来看其中的所有的
联系。作者的观点是应该当一个通才。因此文章的标题应为“Be More a Generalist Than a Specialist（做一个通
才，而不是专家）”。故选A。
4.（2020年新课标Ⅱ）
I have a special place in my heart for libraries. I have for as long as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic
reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played
ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.
My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old .It was a dream job and I did everything
from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.
As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had
several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to
the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.
I always read ,using different voices ,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it !It
was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books .
Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library
lives on form generation to generation.
As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries. I encourage readers to go to their local library when
they can’t afford to purchase a book. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps
put together a reader with a book. Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and 1 think all writers
should support libraries in a significant way when they can. Encourage readers to use the library. Share library
announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about them when you can.
32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A. Cooperative. B. Uneasy. C. Inseparable. D. Casual.
33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library.
B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D. A closer bond developed with the readers.
34. What does the author call on other writers to do?
A. Sponsor book fairs. B. Write for social media.
C. Support libraries. D. Purchase her novels.
35. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B. My Idea about writing
C. Library: A Haven for the Young
D. My Love of the Library
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【解析】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者是一个热情的读者，孩提时热衷读书，第一份工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去。作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，
宣传图书馆。
32.推理判断题。根据第一段的 I was always an enthusiastic reader，sometimes reading up to three books a day
as a child. Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties. I lived out adventures through
the books I checked out from the library.(我一直是一个热情的读者，孩提时，有时候每天读多达三本书。故事对
我来说就像空气，而其他孩子则打球或参加聚会。我通过从图书馆借阅来的书籍经历冒险)可推断，作者小时
候与书是密不可分的。故选C。
33.词句猜测题。根据上文As I grew older and became a mother可知，我长大了成了一位母亲，结合下文I
had several children and books were our main source (来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go
to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them(我有几个孩
子，书是我们娱乐的主要来源。对于我们来说，坐上车去当地的图书馆是件大事，在那里我的孩子们可以挑选
要阅读的书或者想让我给他们读的书)可推断，作者成了母亲以后，带着孩子去图书馆，孩子挑选书籍来阅读，
或者作者读给他们听，因此可知图书馆在作者的生活中又增添了新的意义，阅读的乐趣在家庭中代代相传”。
故选B。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.
Encourage readers to use the library. Share library announcements on your social media. Frequent them and talk about
them when you can.( 我认为所有的作家都应该在他们可以的时候以有意义的方式支持图书馆。鼓励读者使用图书馆。在社交媒体上分享图书馆公告。可以的时候常去图书馆，谈论图书馆)可推断，作者呼吁其他的作家们
支持图书馆。故选C。
35.主旨大意题。纵观全文可知，文章讲述了作者是一名热情地读者，孩提时喜欢阅读，工作在图书馆。
有了孩子以后，一家人去图书馆读书，阅读的习惯代代传承下去，作为小说家，作者呼吁其他作家支持图书馆，
宣传图书馆。因此推断全文围绕“作者对图书馆的爱”展开讲述。故D项“我对图书馆的爱”为最佳标题。
故选D。
5.（2020年江苏卷）
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife, who was there as a medical researcher. We flew on a
small plane to a faraway village. We did not speak the local language, did not know the customs, and more often than
not, did not entirely recognize the food. We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers, highways and cell phones, but now we were living in a village without
running water or electricity It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening, with monkeys calling from beyond the village green, we played soccer. I am
not good at soccer, but that evening it was wonderful. Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of
passes and shots. We understood one another perfectly. As darkness came over the field and the match ended, the goal
keeper, Juan, walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way, “In your home, do you have a moon too?” I was
surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes, we did have a moon and yes, it was very similar to his, I felt a sort of awe (敬
畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world. In Juan’s world, each village could have its own moon. In Juan’s world.
the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous. Anything was possible.
In our society, we know that Earth has only one moon. We have looked at our planet from every angle and found
all of the wildest things left to find. I can, from my computer at home, pull up satellite images of Juan’s village. There
are no more continents and no more moons to search for, little left to discover. At least it seems that way.
Yet, as I thought about Juan’s question, I was not sure how much more we could really rule out. I am, in part, an
ant biologist, so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects
remains unknown. How much, though? How ignorant (无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not
know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new monkey, new spider…, and on and on they appear.
My drawer quickly filled. I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with
dozens of nameless species, four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach. The second drawer began tofill and as it did I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there, not just species, but life that depends on
things thought to be useless, life even without DNA. I started a third drawer for these big discoveries. It fills more
slowly, but all the same, it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery, I also began to find something else, a collection of scientists,
usually brilliant occasionally half-mad, who made the discoveries. Those scientists very often see the same things that
other scientists see, but they pay more attention to them, and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽), and
at the risk of the ridicule of their peers. In looking for the stories of discovery, I found the stories of these people and
how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover. We used to think that insects
were the smallest organisms (生物), and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters. Yet, when something new
turns up, more often than not, we do not even know its name.
65. How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A. Out of place. B. Full of joy. C. Sleepy. D. Regretful.
66. What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A. He learned more about the local language.
B. They had a nice conversation with each other.
C. They understood each other while playing.
D. He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
67. Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A. The question was too straightforward.
B. Juan knew so little about the world.
C. The author didn’t know how to answer.
D. The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68. What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A. To sort out what we have known.
B. To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C. To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D. To learn more about local cultures.
69. How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A. They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B. They followed other scientists closely.C. They often criticized their fellow scientists.
D. They conducted in-depth and close studies.
70. What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A. The Possible and the Impossible .
B. The Known and the Unknown .
C. The Civilized and the Uncivilized .
D. The Ignorant and the Intelligent.
【答案】65. A 66. C 67. B 68. A 69. D 70. B
【解析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者和妻子来到了亚马逊，妻子是一名医学研究者。一踏上这里，作者感
到非常不适应，通过与当地人的接触，作者了解一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在生物多样性发现的过程中，
作者意识到，很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。
65.推理判断题。根据第一段“We didn’t speak the local language, did not know the customs and more often
than not, didn’t entirely recognize the food. We couldn’t have felt more foreign.”可知，我们不会说当地的语言，不
了解当地的风俗习惯，而且往往我们不能完全认识食物，我们感觉非常陌生。由此可知，作者一到达亚马逊感
觉格格不入。故选A项。
66.细节理解题。根据第三段“Everyone knew the rules. We all spoke the same language of passes and shots.
We understood one another perfectly.”可知，每个人都知道规则，在传球和射门方面，我们说着同样的语言，彼
此非常了解。由此可知，踢球时他们的彼此理解使得他们的亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C项。
67.推理判断题。根据第四段“In Juan’s world, the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.”可知，
在胡安的世界里，未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。由此判断，胡安对这个世界知之甚少。故选
B项。
68.推理判断题。根据第七段“I began collecting newspaper articles about new species, new spider...,and on and
on they appear, my drawer quickly filled, I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system
discovered with dozens of nameless species ...I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.”可知，我开始收集报
纸上关于新物种、新蜘蛛的文章……它们源源不断地出现，我的抽屉很快就填满了。我开始用第二个抽屉来储
存更普遍的发现:在新的洞穴系统发现了几十个无名的物种……我还为这些重大发现准备了第三个抽屉。由此
判断，作者收集报纸文章的初始目的是为了分类我们所知道的事情。故选A项。
69.细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“but they pay more attention to them ,and they focus on them to the point of
exhaustion ,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.”可知，但他们更多地关注这些发现，他们把注意力集中在
这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步，冒着被同龄人嘲笑的风险。由此可知，杰出的科学家进行深入细致的研究，
做出重大的发现。故选D项。70.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，作者和妻子来到了亚马逊。一踏上这里，作者感到非常不适应，通过与当地
人的接触，作者了解到一些人对外部的世界并不了解。在对这里的风土人情和多样化生物的研究过程中，作者
提高了认识，意识到很多东西是人类已知的，还有很多是人类未知的。所以短文的最佳标题为“已知和未知的
事物”。故选B项。
6.（2022年北京卷D篇）
Quantum ( 量子 ) computers have been on my mind a lot lately. A friend has been sending me articles on how
quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face as humans. I’ve also had exchanges with
two quantum-computing experts. One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep the
field honest. The other is physicist Philip Taylor.
For decades, quantum computing has been little more than a laboratory curiosity. Now, big tech companies have
invested in quantum computing, as have many smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could
help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.” This is the sort of hype ( 炒
作 ) that annoys Johnson. He worries that researchers are making promises they can’t keep. “What’s new,” Johnson
wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”
As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may mislead investors, journalists, the
public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t keep their promises, excitement
might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. Lots of other technologies have gone through
stages of excitement. But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype, Johnson suggests,
perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.” And that brings me back
to Taylor, who suggested that I read his book Q for Quantum.
After I read the book, Taylor patiently answered my questions about it. He also answered my questions about
PyQuantum, the firm he co-founded in 2016. Taylor shares Johnson’s concerns about hype, but he says those concerns
do not apply to PyQuantum.
The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin ( 幅度 )” to building a “useful”
quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.” He
adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we are
doing with others.”
Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m
certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers. But I trust Taylor, just as I trust
Johnson.11．Regarding Johnson’s concerns, the author feels ________.
A．sympathetic B．unconcerned C．doubtful D．excited
12．What leads to Taylor’s optimism about quantum computing?
A．His dominance in physics. B．The competition in the field.
C．His confidence in PyQuantum. D．The investment of tech companies.
13．What does the underlined word “prone” in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?
A．Open. B．Cool. C．Useful. D．Resistant.
14．Which would be the best title for the passage?
A．Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?
B．Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?
C．Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?
D．Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?
11．A 12．C 13．A 14．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，计算机科学家克里
斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。
11．推理判断题。根据第三自然段“As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding, researchers may
mislead investors, journalists, the public and, worst of all, themselves about their work’s potential. If researchers can’t
keep their promises, excitement might give way to doubt, disappointment and anger, Johnson warns. （随着量子计算
吸引了更多的关注和资金，研究人员可能会误导投资者、记者、公众，最糟糕的是，他们自己的工作潜力。约
翰逊警告说，如果研究人员不能兑现承诺，兴奋可能会让位于怀疑、失望和愤怒）”根据最后一段“ But I
trust Taylor, just as I trust Johnson.”（但我相信泰勒，就像我相信约翰逊一样）可知，关于约翰逊的担忧，作者
是支持的。A. sympathetic同情的，赞同的；B. unconcerned不关心的；C. doubtful怀疑的；D. excited激动的。
故选A。
12．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“The company, he says, is closer than any other firm “by a very large margin (
幅度 )” to building a “useful” quantum computer, one that “solves an impactful problem that we would not have been
able to solve otherwise.” He adds, “People will naturally discount my opinions, but I have spent a lot of time
quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others.”（ 他说，这家公司比其他任何公司都“在很大程度上”
接近于制造出“有用的”量子计算机，它“解决了一个有影响力的问题，否则我们无法解决这个问题”。他补
充说:“人们自然会不相信我的观点，但我已经花了很多时间来定量地比较我们与他人的做法）”可知，泰勒对
量子计算的乐观来源于他对PyQuantum的信心。故选C。
13．词义猜测题。根据第三自然段“But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone to hype,Johnson suggests, perhaps because “‘quantum’ stands for something cool you shouldn’t be able to understand.”（ 但约
翰逊表明，量子计算的某些方面使得它特别 prone被炒作，可能是因为“量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷
东西。”）”可知，本句中含有一个原因状语从句，因为““量子”代表了一些你不应该理解的酷东西”，所
以它特别容易被炒作。故prone意为“易于……的”。A. Open.开放的；易受损害的；B. Cool. 酷的；C.
Useful. 有用的；D. Resistant. 有抵抗力的。故选A。
14．主旨大意题。根据第二自然段“Now, big tech companies have invested in quantum computing, as have many
smaller ones. According to Business Weekly, quantum machines could help us “cure cancer, and even take steps to turn
climate change in the opposite direction. This is the sort of hype ( 炒作 ) that annoys Johnson.”（ 现在，大型科技
公司和许多小型公司都在量子计算领域进行了投资。据《商业周刊》报道，量子机器可以帮助我们“治愈癌症，
甚至采取措施将气候变化转向相反的方向。这种炒作让约翰逊感到恼火。”）”以及最后一段“Could
PyQuantum really be leading all the competition “by a wide margin”, as Taylor claims? I don’t know. I’m certainly not
going to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers.（PyQuantum真的能像泰勒所说的那样
“以巨大的优势”领先所有竞争对手吗？我不知道。我当然不会建议我的朋友或其他人投资量子计算机。但我
信任泰勒，就像我信任约翰逊一样。）”可知，本文主要论述了“量子计算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”，
计算机科学家克里斯·约翰逊和物理学家菲利普·泰勒分别阐明了自己的观点。所以短文的最佳标题为“量子计
算真的会像它的宣传那样成功吗？”。故选D。
