文档内容
第 07 讲 阅读理解说明文
目录
01 模拟基础练
【题型一】科普类说明文的考查
【题型二】动植物介绍类说明文的考查
【题型三】社会文化类说明文的考查
02 重难创新练
03 真题实战练
题型一 科普类说明文的考查
1.（23-24高三·江西赣州·期中）In 2022, a New Zealand woman became the first to receive a gene-editing
treatment to permanently lower her cholesterol (胆固醇). The woman had heart disease, along with an inherited
risk for high cholesterol. But scientists behind the experimental treatment are considering how it could help pretty
much anyone.
The trial is a potential turning point for CRISPR, the editing tool they used. Since the technology was first
programmed to edit genomes (基因组) about a decade ago, we’ve seen CRISPR from scientific labs made much
progress. But the first experimental treatments have focused on rare genetic disorders. They are working on more
possibilities treating common disease like high cholesterol.
The cholesterol-lowering treatment, developed by Verve Therapeutics, relies on a form of gene editing called
base editing, or “CRISPR 2.0”. It’s a more targeted approach. Instead of simply making cuts to shut off specific
genes, scientists can now exchange a single DNA base for another. In theory, this should be safer because you’re
less likely to cut an important gene by mistake, and you can be less likely to make mistakes that may occur when
DNA repairs itself after being cut.
An even newer form of CRISPR could take things further still. Prime Editing — or “CRISPR 3.0” — allows
scientists to put chunks (块) of DNA into a genome. If it works in people, it could let scientists replace disease-
causing genes.
Together, these newer forms of CRISPR could broaden the possibilities of gene editing to take on many
conditions — not all of them genetic. Someday, people may have the option to add genes thought to protect againsthigh blood pressure, or certain diseases, to their genetic code.
All CRISPR treatments are experimental at this point, and we don’t know if they’re safe. Some argue we
should focus on treating those with severe diseases in the meantime. But if these new forms of CRISPR do work,
they could help many others.
1．What are scientists focusing on in the gene-editing treatment?
A．Its great success. B．Its wider application.
C．Its immediate effects. D．Its target patients.
2．Why does the author think that CRISPR 2.0 is theoretically safer?
A．It can shut off specific genes. B．It can avoid potential errors.
C．It’s likely to reduce DNA base damage. D．It provides protection for the genome.
3．What could be the innovative practice of Prime Editing?
A．Making cuts to shut off specific genes. B．Providing treatment for genetic diseases.
C．Exchanging a single DNA base for another. D．Taking the place of disease-causing genes.
4．What can be inferred from the text?
A．CRISPR treatments haven’t entered human trials.
B．Prime editing is being tested in the scientific lab.
C．Prime editing targets diseases caused by genetic disorders.
D．Verve’s cholesterol-lowering treatments are approved for use.
【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家通过研发基因编辑工具CRISPR不断更新的三种形式，用
于治疗疾病，并探索更加广泛运用的可能性。
1．细节理解题。 根据第二段中的“But the first experimental treatments have focused on rare genetic
disorders. They are working on more possibilities treating common disease like high cholesterol.(但首批实验性治
疗主要针对罕见的遗传疾病。他们正在研究更多治疗常见疾病的可能性，比如高胆固醇。)”可知，科学家
正在研究更多更广治疗像高胆固醇疾病的方法。故选B。
2．细节理解题。 根据第三段中的“In theory, this should be safer because you’re less likely to cut an important
gene by mistake, and you can be less likely to make mistakes that may occur when DNA repairs itself after being
cut.(理论上，这应该更安全，因为你不太可能错误地切割一个重要的基因，你也不太可能在DNA被切割后
自我修复时出现错误。)”可知，CRISPR 2.0理论上更安全是因为它能避免可能的错误。故选B。
3．推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“If it works in people, it could let scientists replace disease-causing genes.
(如果它在人类身上起作用，它可以让科学家取代致病基因。)”可知，能取代致病基因是科学家们关于
“Prime Editing”的创新实践。故选D。
4．推理判断题。 根据第四段中的“Prime Editing — or “CRISPR 3.0” — allows scientists to put chunks (块)
of DNA into a genome. If it works in people, it could let scientists replace disease-causing genes.(Prime Editing
——或“CRISPR 3.0”——允许科学家将DNA块放入基因组中。如果它在人类身上起作用，它可以让科学
家取代致病基因。)”可知，“Prime Editing”允许科学家将DNA块放入基因组中。如果它在人身上有效，它
就可以让科学家取代致病基因。以及最后一段中的“All CRISPR treatments are experimental at this point, andwe don’t know if they’re safe.(目前，所有的CRISPR治疗都是实验性的，我们不知道它们是否安全)”可知，
科学家研发的CRISPR不断更新的几种形式目前都是实验性的。故选B。
2.（2024·四川达州·二模）With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐)
technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the
ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%.
We know less about our planet’s ocean than what we know about the far side of the moon or the surface of
Mars. Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an underwater camera. Researchers
have used ships to recharge cameras or observed with a camera tied to a ship to solve the issue, which is expensive
and unsuitable for long-term observations.
Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken a major step to iron out
this problem by developing a battery-free, wireless underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its
own for long periods.
To keep power consumption as low as possible, the researchers used off-the-shelf, ultra-low-power imaging
sensors. The device takes color photos, even in dark underwater environments, and sends image data wirelessly
through the water.
The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from sound waves traveling through water
into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment. After getting and encoding image
data, the camera also uses sound waves to send the data to a receiver that reconstructs the image. Those sound
waves could come from any source, like a passing ship or marine life. As it doesn’t need a power source, the
camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for
new species.
Now that researchers have demonstrated a working prototype (原型), they plan to enhance the device so it is
practical in real-world settings. For future application, these cameras may be used to take images of ocean pollution
and create more accurate models to monitor climate change to better understand how climate change impacts the
underwater world, and advance various undersea scientific fields.
5．What do the data in paragraph 1 mainly show?
A．Undersea exploration is poor in the US.
B．Much of the planet’s ocean remains unexplored.
C．The mapping of the sea floor is time-consuming.
D．Technology development matters a lot to sea observation.
6．What limits the researchers’ undersea exploration according to the text?
A．The complexity of the sea environment.
B．The concern about potential sea pollution.
C．The shortage of investment in ocean exploration.
D．The inability to effectively power underwater cameras.
7．What does the underlined phrase “iron out” in paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Overcome. B．Face.
C．Analyze. D．Illustrate.
8．Which of the following can best describe the MIT underwater camera?
A．Secure and stable. B．Expensive but effective.
C．Impractical but advanced. D．Self-sufficient and energy-saving.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．A 8．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是麻省理工学院的研究人员开发了一种将声波在水中传播的机械
能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力的无线水下相机。
5．推理判断题。根据首段“With the ocean covering more than 70% of the Earth’s surface, the National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) said scientists and researchers had depended on sonar (声呐)
technologies to understand and map the sea floor which had charted only about 10% of the world’s ocean. For the
ocean and coastal waters in the US, the number is just around 35%.(由于海洋覆盖了地球表面的70%以上，美国
国家海洋和大气管理局表示，科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制海底地图，而海底地图只占世
界海洋面积的10%左右。对于美国的海洋和沿海水域，这一数字仅为35%左右。)”可知，海洋占地球表面
面积的70%，而科学家和研究人员依靠声纳技术来了解和绘制的海底地图只占10%左右，美国海域，这一
数字也只占35%左右，这些数据表明了地球上的大部分海洋仍未被探索。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an
underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，缺乏对海洋观察的部分原因是
水下摄像机的供电困难，由此可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供动力限制了研究者的海底探索。故选D
项。
7．词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“Part of the reason for the lack of observation is the challenge of powering an
underwater camera.(缺乏观察的部分原因是水下摄像机的供电困难。)”可知，无法有效地为水下摄像机提供
动力限制了研究者的海底探索，结合画线短语前的“Recently, researchers at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology (MIT) have taken a major step(最近，麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步)”可知，就这个
问题麻省理工学院的研究人员迈出了重要的一步。结合画线短语后的“by developing a battery-free, wireless
underwater camera that could harvest energy underwater on its own for long periods.(他们开发了一种无需电池的
无线水下相机，这种相机可以在水下长时间收集能量。)”可知，他们开发了一种无需电池的无线水下相机，
这种相机能在水下长时间收集能量，由此推知，麻省理工学院的研究人员应该是在解决这个问题方面迈出
了重要的一步，所以画线短语的意思应与“解决”意义相近。故选A项。
8．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“The camera is powered by sound. It changes mechanical energy from
sound waves traveling through water into electrical energy that powers its imaging and communications equipment.
(这台摄像机是由声音驱动的。它将声波在水中传播的机械能转化为电能，为成像和通信设备提供动力。)”
可知，该摄像机将声波转化成电能为成像和通信提供动力，由此可知，该相机可以自给自足，结合下文中
的“As it doesn’t need a power source, the camera could run for weeks on end before getting it back, enabling
scientists to search remote parts of the ocean for new species.(由于它不需要电源，相机可以连续运行数周才返
回，使科学家能够在海洋的偏远地区寻找新物种。)”可知，这种摄像机不需要电源，所以可以节约能源。
综合以上信息，该摄像机既可以自给自足又能节约能源。故选D项。3.（2024·湖北武汉·三模）Scientists have found a way to decode (解码) a stream of words in the brain
using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. The system reconstructs the main point of what a person hears or
imagines, rather than trying to copy each word, a team reports.“It’s getting at the ideas behind the words, the
meaning, says Alexander Huth, an author of the study.”
Previous efforts to decode language have relied on sensors placed directly on the surface of the brain. The
sensors detect signals in areas involved in expressing words. But the Texas team’s approach is an attempt to
“decode more freeform thought,” says Marcel Just, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University.
The new study came about as part of an effort to understand how the brain processes language. Researchers
had three people spend up to 16 hours each in a functional MRI scanner which detects signs of activity across the
brain. Participants wore headphones that streamed audio from the Internet. Those streams of words produced
activity all over the brain, not just in areas associated with speech and language. After participants listened to hours
of stories in the scanner, the MRI data was sent to a computer. It learned to match specific patterns of brain activity
with certain streams of words. Then came a paraphrased version of what a participant heard.
The MRI approach is currently slower and less accurate than an experimental communication system being
developed for paralyzed people, where people get a sheet of electrical sensors implanted directly on the surface of
the brain. With an MRI-based system, no one has to get surgery.
But future versions of MRI scans could raise moral questions. “What if you can read out the word that
somebody is just thinking in their head? That’s potentially a harmful thing.” Huth says. This technology can’t really
read minds uncontrollably, though. It only works when a participant is actively cooperating with scientists. Still,
systems that decode language could someday support people who are unable to speak because of a brain injury or
disease. They are also assisting scientists in understanding how the brain processes words and thoughts.
9．What is special about the Texas team’s study?
A．Brain can be reconstructed. B．Expression can be perfected.
C．Meanings can be comprehended. D．Sensor signals can be improved.
10．What is paragraph 3 mainly about?
A．The process of an experiment. B．Patterns of brain activity.
C．Steps of word matching. D．The way of speech decoding.
11．What can be implied about MRI scans from the last paragraph?
A．They are a double-edged sword. B．They are potentially harmful to life.
C．They are helpful to treat brain disease. D．They are well worth researching.
12．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．A Decoder That Can Read Your Mind B．MRI Scanner: Raise a moral question
C．MRI Scanner: Still a Long Way to Go D．A Decoder That Can Convey Meaning
【答案】9．C 10．A 11．D 12．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了科学家通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流，
这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中““It’s getting at the ideas behind the words, the meaning, says Alexander Huth,an author of the study.” (该研究的作者之一亚历山大·胡特说：“这是在理解单词背后的意思。”)”和第二段
“Previous efforts to decode language have relied on sensors placed directly on the surface of the brain. The
sensors detect signals in areas involved in expressing words. But the Texas team’s approach is an attempt to
“decode more freeform thought,” says Marcel Just, a professor of psychology at Carnegie Mellon University. (以前
解码语言的努力依赖于直接放置在大脑表面的传感器。传感器检测与表达单词有关的区域的信号。但卡耐
基梅隆大学的心理学教授马塞尔·贾斯特说，德克萨斯团队的方法是试图“解码更多自由形式的思想”)”可
知，德克萨斯研究小组的研究的特别之处是：单词背后的意思可以被理解。故选C。
10．主旨大意题。根据第三段“The new study came about as part of an effort to understand how the brain
processes language. Researchers had three people spend up to 16 hours each in a functional MRI scanner which
detects signs of activity across the brain. Participants wore headphones that streamed audio from the Internet. Those
streams of words produced activity all over the brain, not just in areas associated with speech and language. After
participants listened to hours of stories in the scanner, the MRI data was sent to a computer. It learned to match
specific patterns of brain activity with certain streams of words. Then came a paraphrased version of what a
participant heard. (这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。研究人员让三个人每人花16个小时在功能性
核磁共振扫描仪上，以检测大脑活动的迹象。参与者戴着耳机，播放来自互联网的音频。这些单词流在整
个大脑中产生活动，而不仅仅是与语音和语言相关的区域。参与者在扫描仪中听了几个小时的故事后，核
磁共振成像数据被发送到电脑上。它学会了将特定的大脑活动模式与特定的词汇流相匹配。然后是参与者
听到的内容的释义版本)”可知，第三段的描写实验的过程。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Still, systems that decode language could someday support people who are
unable to speak because of a brain injury or disease. They are also assisting scientists in understanding how the
brain processes words and thoughts. (尽管如此，解码语言的系统有一天可能会帮助那些因脑损伤或疾病而无
法说话的人。它们还帮助科学家了解大脑是如何处理文字和思想的)”可知，核磁共振扫描非常值得研究。
故选D。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中“Scientists have found a way to decode (解码) a stream of
words in the brain using MRI scans and artificial intelligence. (科学家们已经找到了一种方法，通过核磁共振扫
描和人工智能来解码大脑中的单词流)”可知，文章主要说明了科学家通过核磁共振扫描和人工智能来解码
大脑中的单词流，这项新研究是为了了解大脑如何处理语言。可知，A选项“A Decoder That Can Read
Your Mind (一个能读懂你的心的解码器)”最符合题意。故选A。
4.（2024高三·全国·专题练习）
Natural disasters like earthquakes and storms can pull down buildings easily. It's difficult for the search and
rescue teams (搜救队) to find those who are trapped (陷于困境) in the fallen buildings.
But an unlikely assistant, mice, is being trained up to help out. The project started by Belgian APOPO, is
planning to tie tiny, high-tech backpacks to mice to help search for survivors (幸存者).“Mice like to explore — and that is key for search and rescue.” said Donna Kean, a scientist and leader of
the project.“ Besides, their small size and excellent sense of smell make them perfect for locating (定位) things in
small spaces.”
The mice are being trained in a basic environment at present. They must first locate the target (目标) person
in an empty room, pull a switch that starts an alarm on their clothes, and then return home, where they are given a
treat.
For the next part of training, Kean said the team would create “disaster-similar areas”. Once the mice are
confident in these areas, the project will move to Turkey for further preparation in more real environments. If that
goes well, the mice would probably enter real- life situations.
The mice are still in the early progress of training. And APOPO is working with the Eindhoven University of
Technology to develop a backpack with a video camera, a two-way microphone, and a locating tool to help
communicate with survivors.
“Together with the backpack and the training, the mice are very useful for search and rescue,” said Kean.
“Even if our mice find just one survivor, we would be happy to know they have made a difference somewhere.”
13．According to the passage, What’s the reason for mice to be chosen for search and rescue?
① Because their nature of exploring.
② Because their small sizes.
③ Because their ability to smell something.
④ Because their perfect eyesight in the dark.
A．①②③ B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④
14．Which paragraph tells how the mice are trained?
A．Paragraph 1. B．Paragraph 2.
C．Paragraph 3. D．Paragraph 4.
15．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Donna Kean is a survivor in an earthquake.
B．The mice are being trained in real-life situations.
C．APOPO scientists haven’t invented the high-tech backpack.
D．The mice are often given a treat before they complete the task.
16．What does Donna Kean think of the project?
A．Nervous. B．Interesting.
C．Hopeful. D．Impossible.
【答案】13．A 14．D 15．C 16．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了比利时APOPO 开始了一个项目，计划给老鼠绑上微型高科技背包，
以帮助搜寻幸存者。科学家唐娜·基恩表示，老鼠喜欢探索，体型小且嗅觉灵敏，非常适合在狭小空间内寻
找东西。目前老鼠正在基本环境中接受训练，而未来计划在类似灾难的环境中进行更多训练。此外，
APOPO还与埃因霍温科技大学合作开发了装有摄像头、双向麦克风和定位工具的背包，以帮助与幸存者
沟通。科学家认为，结合背包和训练，老鼠对于搜救工作非常有用。13．细节理解题。根据第三段““Mice like to explore — and that is key for search and rescue.” said Donna
Kean. a scientist and leader of the project.“ Besides, their small size and excellent sense of smell make them perfect
for locating (定位) things in small spaces.””（“老鼠喜欢探索，这是搜救的关键。唐娜·基恩说。这个项目的
科学家和领导者。“此外，它们的体积小，嗅觉灵敏，非常适合在小空间里定位东西。”）可知，根据文
章，选择老鼠进行搜救的原因是它们喜欢探索，体型较小且嗅觉灵敏。故选A项。
14．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The mice are being trained in a basic environment at present. They must first
locate the target (目标) person in an empty room, pull a switch that starts an alarm on their clothes, and then return
home, where they are given a treat.”（这些老鼠正在一个基本的环境中接受训练。它们必须首先在一个空房
间里找到目标人物，拉动衣服上的开关，启动警报，然后回家，在那里它们会得到奖励。）可知，第四段
讲述了老鼠是如何被训练的。故选D项。
15．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And APOPO is working with the Eindhoven University of Technology to
develop a backpack with a video camera, a two-way microphone, and a locating tool to help communicate with
survivors.”（APOPO正在与埃因霍温理工大学合作开发一种带有摄像机、双向麦克风和定位工具的背包，
以帮助与幸存者沟通。）由此可知，该高科技背包还在开发阶段，APOPO的科学家还未真正地发明出这
种背包。故选C项。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Together with the backpack and the training, the mice are very useful for
search and rescue,” said Kean. “Even if our mice find just one survivor, we would be happy to know they have
made a difference somewhere.””（“加上背包和训练，老鼠在搜救中非常有用，”基恩说。“即使我们的老
鼠只找到了一个幸存者，我们也会很高兴知道他们在某个地方起了作用。”）可推知，唐娜·基恩认为这个
项目很有希望。故选C项。
5.（2024·河南郑州·三模）Robots doing housework is nothing new with the latest achievements in
robotics. Recently, a robot called Mobile Aloha caught the attention of many at the beginning of 2024, with short
videos of it cooking at someone’s home becoming popular in January.
Developed by a team of researchers at Stanford University in the US, the robot can handle everything for a
dish, whether it is cutting vegetables or cracking eggs. It also does well in various household tasks like watering
plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and doing washing. It even knows to shake the pillow (枕头) after putting on
a pillowcase. An Internet user joked under one video that as long as this thing doesn’t try to kill him while he is
asleep, he is in real need of it.
However, a following video posted by one of the researchers, Tony Zhao, and showing Mobile Aloha’s
failures proved that the idea of having a robot servant may just be wishful thinking. In the video, Mobile Aloha
randomly broke glasses and plates, crashed into cupboards and even burned a pot.
It turns out that Mobile Aloha is not a complete self-learning system that can independently deal with new
environments. It relies on demonstrations by human operators in its surroundings, meaning that the robot needs to
learn from human behavior before completing each task. Also, according to the team, the robot achieves a 95%
success rate in removing red wine stains (污渍), 80% in pushing chairs, and a mere 40% in frying shrimp. In short,
it’s far from perfect.
The behavioral problems of AI robots have been bothering scientists for decades. Although AI robots dopretty well in things requiring high-level reasoning like math, they perform worse than a one-year-old child when it
comes to simple tasks demanding abilities of sense, reflexes (本能反应) and mobility, among others.
As the team observed, the interaction between the arm and the base of Mobile Aloha would get quite
complex if more flexibility is required in a task. Even a slight deviation (偏差) in the base settings might lead to
significant drift in the arms’ motions, resulting in failure to complete the task.
17．What can be known about Mobile Aloha according to paragraph 2?
A．It sells well among housewives. B．It can help one to do housework.
C．It was developed by IT scientists. D．It is badly needed by Internet users.
18．Why is Tony Zhao’s video about Mobile Aloha mentioned?
A．To prove its online popularity. B．To display its powerful functions.
C．To show it needs further improvement. D．To suggest it should work under one’s help.
19．How can Mobile Aloha best complete a new task?
A．By operating independently. B．By copying humans’ behavior.
C．By learning from previous tasks. D．By turning to programmers for help.
20．Which type of task may AI robots be poor at?
A．Deep learning. B．Precise calculation.
C．Logical thinking. D．Behavioral flexibility.
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．B 20．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。最近，一个名为Mobile Aloha的机器人在2024年初引起了许多人的注意，它在
某人家里做饭的短视频在1月份变得流行起来。文章对这款智能机器人进行了详细介绍。
17．细节理解题。根据第二段前三句“Developed by a team of researchers at Stanford University in the US, the
robot can handle everything for a dish, whether it is cutting vegetables or cracking eggs. It also does well in various
household tasks like watering plants, petting cats, cleaning the floor and doing washing. It even knows to shake the
pillow (枕头) after putting on a pillowcase.(这款机器人由美国斯坦福大学的一组研究人员开发，它可以处理
一道菜的所有事情，无论是切蔬菜还是打鸡蛋。它也可以胜任各种家务，比如给植物浇水、抚摸猫、打扫
地板和洗衣服。它甚至会在套上枕套后摇晃枕头。)”可知，Mobile Aloha可以帮忙做家务。故选B。
18．推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“However, a following video posted by one of the researchers, Tony Zhao,
and showing Mobile Aloha’s failures proved that the idea of having a robot servant may just be wishful thinking.
(然而，研究人员Tony Zhao发布的一段视频显示，Mobile Aloha的失败证明，拥有机器人仆人的想法可能
只是一厢情愿。)”可知，提到Tony Zhao关于Mobile Aloha的视频是为了表明它仍然需要改进。故选C。
19．细节理解题。根据第四段前两句“It turns out that Mobile Aloha is not a complete self-learning system that
can independently deal with new environments. It relies on demonstrations by human operators in its surroundings,
meaning that the robot needs to learn from human behavior before completing each task.(事实证明，Mobile Aloha
并不是一个能够独立应对新环境的完整的自学习系统。它依赖于人类操作员在其周围的演示，这意味着机
器人在完成每项任务之前需要从人类的行为中学习。)”可知，Mobile Aloha需要模仿人类的行为才能最好
地完成新任务。故选B。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“As the team observed, the interaction between the arm and the base ofMobile Aloha would get quite complex if more flexibility is required in a task.(正如研究小组所观察到的那样，
如果在一项任务中需要更大的灵活性，那么手臂和Mobile Aloha基座之间的相互作用将变得相当复杂。)”
可知，人工智能机器人可能不擅长行为灵活性任务。故选D。
6.（2024·湖北·一模）Tom is an expert from a robotics company who can communicate smoothly with
people through computers, phones, and other means. However, when facing the crowd on site, he will feel uneasy.
His boss arranged for Tom to showcase to the audience the innovative work their company is doing. In response to
the boss’ trust in him, Tom bravely began preparing for this matter.
One day, while watching TV, he happened to see a program where the ventriloquist (腹语术者) Arthur
interacted with the audience through a dummy (假人) to convey information. This gave him inspiration. The next
day, he discussed his idea with his colleagues in the company and everyone supported his plan. On the day of the
exhibition, they arrived at the scene early and prepared everything, although Tom was still a bit nervous.
The much-anticipated presentation started. The presenter began with a light-hearted joke and then proceeded
to share some interesting facts about Reality Robotics Company before revealing the innovative work the company
was undertaking. Throughout the presentation, there were no pauses or instances of Tom’s dreaded phrase: “but
what I really meant to say was.” The audience was impressed by the innovative product the presenter described and
hoped for a demonstration to see how effective the new invention was. As the presentation drew to a close, the
presenter said calmly and confidently, “And now I would like to share this stage with the man who invented me.”
Tom walked onto the stage, looking exactly like the presenter. The “identical twins” took the audience by
surprise. Tom then spoke slowly, “What you have just witnessed is a demonstration of the latest invention from the
company — a presentation robot.” Suddenly it all clicked and the audience erupted in cheers. Tom then explained
how the company created such a robot and programmed it to speak. “As you could see and hear, it had the
confidence I could never exhibit in such a presentation. We can model it into an exact copy of you.” The audience
got excited at the prospect. The boss smiled approvingly. Maybe Tom deserved a promotion, he thought.
21．What’s Tom’s problem?
A．He tended to get nervous easily.
B．He failed to win his boss’ recognition.
C．Ho was not confident to speak in front of the public.
D．He can’t communicate with people in his daily life.
22．What do we know about the presenter?
A．He was quite serious.
B．He didn’t live up to Tom’s expectations.
C．He was inspired by the dummy that Arthur worked with.
D．Though confident, he was a bit nervous giving the presentation.
23．What does Tom’s company do?
A．It creates innovative robots. B．It helps present new ideas.
C．It advertises new products. D．It produces ventriloquist’s dummies.24．What mainly contributes to the presentation’s success?
A．Luck and humor. B．Teamwork and creativity.
C．Caution and responsibility. D．Courage and friendliness.
【答案】21．C 22．C 23．A 24．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了Tom，一位来自机器人公司的专家，如何克服在公众面前演讲的紧
张感，并通过一个创新的演示机器人成功地展示了他们公司的最新发明。
21．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Tom is an expert from a robotics company who can communicate smoothly
with people through computers, phones, and other means. However, when facing the crowd on site, he will feel
uneasy.(汤姆是一家机器人公司的专家，他可以通过电脑、电话和其他方式与人顺利沟通。然而，当面对现
场的人群时，他会感到不安。)”可知，Tom的问题是没有信心在公众面前讲话。故选C。
22．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“One day, while watching TV, he happened to see a program where the
ventriloquist (腹语术者) Arthur interacted with the audience through a dummy (假人) to convey information. This
gave him inspiration. (有一天，他在看电视时，碰巧看到一个节目，腹语术者亚瑟通过一个假人与观众互动，
传递信息。这给了他启发。)”可知，在观看电视节目时，看到腹语术者Arthur通过假人与观众互动传达信
息，这给了他启发。因此，我们可以知道这位演讲者是受到Arthur与假人互动方式的启发。故选C。
23．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Tom then spoke slowly, “What you have just witnessed is a
demonstration of the latest invention from the company — a presentation robot.” Suddenly it all clicked and the
audience erupted in cheers. Tom then explained how the company created such a robot and programmed it to speak.
(汤姆随后慢慢地说道：“你们刚才所看到的，是公司最新发明的展示——一个演示机器人。”突然，一切
都清晰了，观众们爆发出热烈的掌声。汤姆接着解释了公司是如何创造出这样的机器人并为其编程使其能
够说话的。)”可知，Tom的公司主要工作是创造创新的机器人。故选A。
24．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“One day, while watching TV, he happened to see a program where the
ventriloquist (腹语术者) Arthur interacted with the audience through a dummy (假人) to convey information. This
gave him inspiration. (有一天，他在看电视时，碰巧看到一个节目，腹语术者亚瑟通过一个假人与观众互动，
传递信息。这给了他启发。)”可知，Tom受腹语术假人dummy的启发，做出一个跟他自己长的一模一样的
机器人来代替他做展示，这体现了他的创新能力；根据第二段The next day, he discussed his idea with his
colleagues in the company and everyone supported his plan. On the day of the exhibition, they arrived at the scene
early and prepared everything(第二天，他和公司的同事讨论了他的想法，每个人都支持他的计划。展览当天，
他们早早到达现场，准备好了一切)”可知，这次展示的成功是整个公司的团队合作的结果。由此可知，团
队合作和创造力是这次展示成功的主要因素。故选B。
题型二 动植物介绍类说明文的考查
7.（2024·江西·二模）Coastal communities around the world are using coir, material from coconuts (a kind
of large fruit), to reduce shoreline erosion (侵蚀). People use coir to build barriers, protecting beaches from getting
washed away by the force of waves. The material is common and costs a lot less than barriers made of other
materials, like wood, steel or concrete.
One project is being built along part of an eroded riverbank in Neptune, New Jersey. The effort has alreadygreatly improved areas that were badly damaged by erosion during Superstorm Sandy in 2012. “We’re always
trying to reduce wave energy while protecting the shoreline,” said Tim Dillingham, the director of the group who
runs the project. “And whenever we can, we like to use nature-based solutions.”
The coconut-based material is designed to break down over time. But before it does, it is sometimes pre-
seeded with shoreline plants and grasses. The coir material holds the plants in place as they grow, finally breaking
down and leaving the established plants in place to keep the shoreline from eroding.
In Boston, Julia Hopkins from Northeastern University is also using coir, wood chips and other material to
create barriers to slow the force of waves. A test project has four coconut-based barriers in waterways around
Boston. Hopkins is pleased with the results she has seen so far. She said the coconut material is not costly and is
actually being recycled rather than thrown away.
The method does not always work, however. In 2016, the Felix Neck Wildlife Sanctuary (a wildlife
protection area) in Edgartown, Massachusetts, built barriers around a salt marsh, an area of coastal grassland, that
had eroded in the past. While the effort did help reduce erosion for a while, the material did not last long because of
strong waves.
“It got blown out many times,” said Suzan Bellincampi, the sanctuary’s director.“ We had it in place for a
few years and we decided not to fix it again. The project was really interesting in terms of what we wanted to do
and how we changed it. It works in some places; it doesn’t work in all places.”
25．What are communities near the coast doing?
A．They are making use of wave energy.
B．They are building barriers to prepare for storms.
C．They are fighting to stop shoreline erosion.
D．They are developing new materials from coconuts.
26．What might the underlined word “established” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Well developed. B．Ready to plant. C．Newly planted. D．Hard to find.
27．What is Hopkins’ attitude towards coconut-based barriers?
A．Carefree. B．Favorable. C．Unclear. D．Doubtful.
28．Why is the project in a sanctuary mentioned in the last but one paragraph?
A．To encourage more places to follow the method.
B．To stress the importance of using the method to protect nature.
C．To show that the method is not a one-size-fits-all solution.
D．To explain how to change the method according to local conditions.
【答案】25．C 26．A 27．B 28．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了使用椰壳纤维来减少海岸线侵蚀的做法，这种材料成本低廉，已
在多个地区用于建造屏障保护海滩。尽管在某些项目中取得了成功，如新泽西州和波士顿，但在其他地方，
如马萨诸塞州的一野生动物保护区，椰壳纤维屏障面对强烈海浪时并不持久。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Coastal communities around the world are using coir, material from coconuts
(a kind of large fruit), to reduce shoreline erosion (侵蚀). (世界各地的沿海社区都在使用椰壳纤维，这种材料来自椰子（一种大水果），以减少海岸线侵蚀。)”可知，海岸附近的社区正在努力阻止海岸线的侵蚀。故
选C项。
26．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“But before it does, it is sometimes pre-seeded with shoreline plants and
grasses. The coir material holds the plants in place as they grow, finally breaking down (但在此之前，它有时会被
预先播种上海岸线的植物和草。椰壳纤维在植物生长过程中固定住它们，最终分解)”和下文“to keep the
shoreline from eroding (防止海岸线被侵蚀)”可知，椰壳纤维里事先种上了可以在海岸线生长的植物和草，
因此这些植物会生长，而纤维分解后，植物应该已经长得很不错，可以继续抵御海岸线侵蚀。因此，画线
词意思应该是形容植物“长势良好”，与Well developed意思一致。故选A项。
27．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Hopkins is pleased with the results she has seen so far. She said the coconut
material is not costly and is actually being recycled rather than thrown away. (Hopkins对她目前看到的结果感到
满意。她说，椰子材料并不昂贵，实际上可以回收利用，而不是扔掉。)”可知，Hopkins对测试的效果很满
意，认为椰子材料低廉，便于回收利用。由此可知，她对以椰子为基础的屏障持赞成的态度。故选B项。
28．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The method does not always work, however. In 2016, the Felix Neck
Wildlife Sanctuary (a wildlife protection area) in Edgartown, Massachusetts, built barriers around a salt marsh, an
area of coastal grassland, that had eroded in the past. While the effort did help reduce erosion for a while, the
material did not last long because of strong waves. (然而，这种方法并不总是有效。2016年，马萨诸塞州埃德
加敦的费利克斯奈克野生动物庇护所（一个野生动物保护区）在过去受到侵蚀的沿海草原盐沼周围建造了
屏障。虽然这种努力确实在一段时间内帮助减少了侵蚀，但由于强烈的海浪，这种材料并没有持续很长时
间。)”可知，该野生动物庇护所的项目发挥了一定的抵御侵蚀的作用，但是无法抵抗强烈的海浪，维持时
间不长。由此可知，此处提到该项目是为了表明该方法不是一个万能的解决方案。故选C项。
8.（2024·辽宁沈阳·三模）Cut into the trunk of a pine tree, and you will see a familiar series of concentric
(同中心的) rings. But not all trunks tell the same story. A study published in November reveals that the world’s
oldest trees had a very different structure.
Some 370 million years ago, cladoxylopsid trees stood at least eight meters tall, covered by branches instead
of leaves. Today their rare remains reveal little about their insides; in most cases their inner structures had rotted
before the trees fossilize, and storms had filled them with sand. But the recent find of two well-preserved fossils in
China has exposed the trees’ inner workings — which are like no other species studied before.
The cladoxylopsid tree was empty inside. Around the edges were thick, vertical strands (缕) containing
xylem (木质部), a plant tissue that conducts water and mineral salts from the roots to all other parts. Modern trees
add new layers of multiple xylem as they grow, creating a woody trunk with a single set of concentric rings. But in
cladoxylopsids, “each strand of xylem had its own growth rings,” says scientist Christopher M. Berry of Cardiff
University in Wales.
Over a tree’s lifetime the strands would weave and cross. “It’s just incredibly complex,” Berry says. He
likens these networks of flexible tissues and structures to the Eiffel Tower—if tower could grow, extend and split
itself apart over time.
Although the cladoxylopsid tree has no living descendants today, it is very important. Brigitte Meyer-
Berthaud, a scientist, explains that these trees were among “the major carbon reservoirs of the Paleozoic”, a timeperiod from 542 million to 251 million years ago. Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s first forests, capturing
carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate. Given this fact, maybe we should study
these trees for the forests.
29．What makes it hard to study cladoxylopsid trees?
A．Their thick leaves. B．Their amazing height.
C．Their poorly preserved remains. D．Their fossilized inner structures.
30．What do we know about cladoxylopsid trees?
A．They had many separate growth rings.
B．Their solid cores contributed to their growth.
C．They had a single set of regular concentric rings.
D．Their roots needed more mineral salts than water.
31．Why does the author mention “the Eiffel Tower” in paragraph 4?
A．To stress the beauty of the Eiffel Tower.
B．To prove the economic status of the tree.
C．To disclose how limited the tree’s lifetime is.
D．To show how complex the tree’s networks are.
32．Why should we study cladoxylopsid trees?
A．They were the only trees present during the Paleozoic era.
B．They helped scientists better protect rich historical culture.
C．They played a significant role in shaping the Earth as it is.
D．They determined the carbon content in the Earth’s atmosphere.
【答案】29．C 30．A 31．D 32．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了克拉多桉木树的独特内部结构和重要生态角色，强调其在古代
是重要的碳储存者和地球气候调节者，呼吁对其进行更深入的研究。
29．推理判断题。根据第二段的“Today their rare remains reveal little about their insides; in most cases their
inner structures had rotted before the trees fossilize, and storms had filled them with sand. (如今，它们罕见的残
骸几乎无法揭示它们的内部构造；在大多数情况下，它们的内部结构在树木变成化石之前就已经腐烂了，
风暴用沙子填满了它们。)”可知，大多数情况下，这些树的内部结构在成为化石之前就已经腐烂，风暴也
会将它们填满沙子，即它们的残骸保存地很差，这使得了解它们的内部结构变得困难。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据第三段的“Modern trees add new layers of multiple xylem as they grow, creating a
woody trunk with a single set of concentric rings. But in cladoxylopsids, “each strand of xylem had its own growth
rings,” says scientist Christopher M. Berry of Cardiff University in Wales.(现代的树木在生长的过程中会增加新
的多层木质部，形成一个具有单一同心环的木质树干。但威尔士卡迪夫大学的科学家Christopher M. Berry
说，在克拉多桉木树中，“每条木质部都有自己的生长环”。) ”可知，克拉多桉木树与现代树木形成单一
的同心环结构不同，它们有许多独立的生长环。故选A。
31．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Over a tree’s lifetime the strands would weave and cross. “It’s just incredibly
complex,” Berry says. He likens these networks of flexible tissues and structures to the Eiffel Tower—if towercould grow, extend and split itself apart over time.(在树的一生中，这些线会交织在一起。贝瑞说：“这太复杂
了”。他把这些灵活的组织和结构网络比作埃菲尔铁塔——如果埃菲尔铁塔可以随着时间的推移而生长、
延伸和分裂。)”可知，克拉多桉木树的木质部形成了一种复杂的网络结构，作者用“埃菲尔铁塔”作比喻
是为了展示这种树木的网络结构是非常复杂的。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Although the cladoxylopsid tree has no living descendants today, it is very
important. Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud, a scientist, explains that these trees were among “the major carbon reservoirs
of the Paleozoic”, a time period from 542 million to 251 million years ago. Cladoxylopsids made up our planet’s
first forests, capturing carbon from the atmosphere and playing a part in adjusting Earth’s climate. Given this fact,
maybe we should study these trees for the forests.(虽然今天的克拉多桉木树没有存活的后代，但它非常重要。
科学家Brigitte Meyer-Berthaud解释说，这些树木是“古生代(5.42亿到2.51亿年前)主要的碳储存库”之一。
克拉多桉木树成为了地球上的第一批森林，它们从大气中吸收碳，并在调节地球气候方面发挥了作用。考
虑到这个事实，也许我们应该为森林研究这些树木。)”可知，克拉多桉木树是地球上古生代时期的森林之
一，它们通过吸收大气中的碳并调节地球的气候，对塑造地球的气候产生了显著影响。故选C。
9.（2024·江西·二模）Inside a large room at the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry
Areas (ICARDA), tens of thousands of seeds are stored at a constant temperature of -20℃. Some of them may hold
keys to helping us face the future.
“Our center holds as many as 120,000 varieties of seeds. Many of them come from crops as old as
agriculture itself. Other seeds were selected by researchers who’ve hiked in the past four decades through forests
and mountains in the Middle East, Asia and North Africa, searching for wild relatives of wheat, rice, legumes and
other crops that are important to the human diet,” says Mariana Yazbek, who manages the research center.
The research center, formed in the 1970s, once mostly helped farmers in poorer countries in hot and dry
climates. But now it also sends seeds to scientists in Europe, Canada and the United States, to improve certain
crops’ resistance to the effects of climate change.
“What we are collecting is a sample of the diversity that we have in nature,” adds Yazbek. “We save seeds in
case extreme droughts, floods or other catastrophic events should wipe out plant species. These wild relatives of
crops have witnessed so many different climates. The qualities that help them adapt and survive in these conditions
are stored in their DNA．We have this diversity and it can be a tool to help us face the future.”
Yazbek says scientists are particularly interested in crops like the legume because it absorbs a lot of
greenhouse gas CO from the atmosphere. It also releases N into the soil, meaning the farmers have to use less
2
chemical fertilizer. And the legume takes very little water to grow because it produces sugar alcohols that act as
humectants, a substance that attracts and absorbs water and saves the plant from freezing or drying out.
In another case, a wild wheat seed collected in Iran has allowed scientists in the US to develop new wheat
varieties resistant to the Hessian fly, a harmful insect that causes tens of millions of dollars in damage to American
crops every year.
33．What can be learned about ICARDA?
A．It has a complete collection of seeds.
B．It just helps the undeveloped countries.C．It used to develop seeds for rich countries.
D．It focuses on saving ancient and wild seeds.
34．Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “catastrophic” in paragraph 4?
A．Important. B．Wasteful. C．Terrible. D．Unforgettable.
35．What can be inferred about the legume?
A．It will grow much better in wet areas.
B．It is friendly to the environment and soil.
C．It will become the main crop for humans.
D．It has difficulty in adapting to cold climate.
36．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
A．Seeds Stored at ICARDA May Help Us Improve Our Crops
B．A New Invaluable Seed Bank Is Constructed at ICARDA
C．Scientists Have Made Breakthroughs in Ancient Seed Study
D．New Seeds Are Successfully Developed for North America
【答案】33．D 34．C 35．B 36．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际干旱地区农业研究中心(ICARDA)的成立时间、主要业务、
工作区域等，并介绍了它对世界农业发展所起的重要作用。
33．细节理解题。根据第二段“‘Our center holds as many as 120,000 varieties of seeds. Many of them come
from crops as old as agriculture itself. Other seeds were selected by researchers who’ve hiked in the past four
decades through forests and mountains in the Middle East, Asia and North Africa, searching for wild relatives of
wheat, rice, legumes and other crops that are important to the human diet,’ says Mariana Yazbek, who manages the
research center. (研究中心的负责人Mariana Yazbek 说，‘我们的中心拥有多达12万种种子。其中许多来自
与农业本身一样古老的作物。其他种子是由研究人员挑选的，他们在过去的四十年里穿过中东、亚洲和北
非的森林和山脉，寻找小麦、水稻、豆类和其他对人类饮食很重要的作物的野生近亲。’)”可知，
ICARDA集中于收集古老和野生的种子。故选D项。
34．词句猜测题。划线词句前文“We save seeds in case extreme droughts, floods or(我们保存种子，以防极端
干旱、洪水或者)”说明后文名词与极端干旱和洪水并列，从而推知划线词句“We save seeds in case extreme
droughts, floods or other catastrophic events should wipe out plant species.(我们保存种子，以防极端干旱、洪
水或其他catastrophic 事件导致植物物种灭绝。)”其中划线词应为“灾难性的，极糟的”的意思，与C项同
义。故选C项。
35．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Yazbek says scientists are particularly interested in crops like the legume
because it absorbs a lot of greenhouse gas CO from the atmosphere. It also releases N into the soil, meaning the
2
farmers have to use less chemical fertilizer.( Yazbek说，科学家们对豆类等作物特别感兴趣，因为它从大气中
吸收了大量的温室气体二氧化碳。它还将氮释放到土壤中，这意味着农民必须使用更少的化肥。)”可知，
豆科植物对环境和土壤都很友好。故选B项。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据第一段“Inside a large room at the International Center for Agricultural
Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), tens of thousands of seeds are stored at a constant temperature of -20℃.Some of them may hold keys to helping us face the future.(在国际干旱地区农业研究中心(ICARDA)的一个大房
间里，数万颗种子被储存在-20℃的恒温环境中。其中一些可能是帮助我们面对未来的关键。)”和第三段
“The research center, formed in the 1970s, once mostly helped farmers in poorer countries in hot and dry climates.
But now it also sends seeds to scientists in Europe, Canada and the United States, to improve certain crops’
resistance to the effects of climate change.(该研究中心成立于20世纪70年代，曾经主要帮助气候炎热干燥的
贫穷国家的农民。但现在它也向欧洲、加拿大和美国的科学家提供种子，以提高某些作物对气候变化影响
的抵抗力。)”可知，储存在ICARDA的种子可以改善农作物的基因，提高作物对气候变化影响的抵抗力，
A项“储存在ICARDA的种子可以帮助我们改善我们的作物”为最佳标题。故选A项。
10.（2024·江苏盐城·模拟预测）The male western tanager (唐纳雀) looks like a little flame, while females
are less showy, a dusty yellow. In the spring, they prepare to move thousands of miles to the Mountain West of
Central America, flying through grasslands, deserts, and occasionally, suburban yards.
To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate
change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s
known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to a study published in early
March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources,
which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory birds’ survival. “In
discussing climate change, we often focus on warming,” says Scott Loss, a co-author of the study. “But the length
and timing of seasons — like when winter ends and spring begins — are some of the most dramatic effects of
climate change.”
Loss and his colleagues used satellite imagery from 2002 to 2021 to calculate the average start of spring
green-up along the typical migration routes of 150 North American bird species, then compared that timing with the
current green-up. They found that spring is indeed beginning earlier along birds’ migration routes. “By contrary,
previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern North America,” says Morgan Tingley, an
ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird species in the West and at different levels of the
food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).”
“Part of it is knowing which species are vulnerable to various threats,” Loss says. “This adds to the
knowledge about vulnerability of a wide range of bird species.” And he hopes that the information will serve to
highlight the urgent need to lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t
address climate change immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.”
37．What may pose a direct threat to western tanagers’ survival?
A．Global warming. B．The duration of changing seasons.
C．Loss of habitats due to human activities.D．Decreased access to foods during migration.
38．What is unique about the new study on birds like western tanagers?
A．It covers a wider geographic range. B．It reveals the decline in bird populations.
C．It centers on the adaptation of bird species. D．It ensures the existence of a timing mismatch.
39．What does Loss suggest we do to safeguard migratory birds?
A．Lessen the effects of climate change. B．Preserve ecosystems for bird species.C．Address emissions and habitat loss. D．Expand researches on threats to birds.
40．Where is the text most likely from?
A．A scientific journal. B．A bird-watching guidebook.
C．A website about climate change. D．A magazine about wildlife conservation.
【答案】37．D 38．A 39．C 40．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章从唐纳雀入手，分析北美迁移鸟类面临的挑战及其原因，最后提出建议：
希望尽快减少温室气体的排放，尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失。
37．推理判断题。由第二段中的“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers fill up on insects and
berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western tanagers are arriving at
their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and insects emerge. According to
a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch between migrants (迁移动物)
and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious consequences for migratory
birds’ survival. (为了在漫长的旅途中补充能量，西方唐纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食。但随着全球气候变化导致
春天提前到来，像唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的“返青”之后才到达目的地，这时花朵开始绽放，昆虫开始
出现。根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时间
不匹配，正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。)”可知，随着全球气候变化导致春季提
前开始，唐纳德雀迁徙期间获得食物的机会减少。故选D项。
38．推理判断题。由第三段中的““By contrary, previous studies have mainly focused on songbirds in Eastern
North America,” says Morgan Tingley, an ornithologist at UCLA, “but this new investigation shows that bird
species in the West and at different levels of the food web might be just as vulnerable (脆弱的).” (“相反，以前的
研究主要集中在北美东部的鸣禽上，”加州大学洛杉矶分校的鸟类学Morgan Tingley说，“但这项新的调
查表明，西部和食物网不同层次的鸟类物种可能同样脆弱。”)”可知，先前的研究的是北美东部的鸣禽，
这项关于像西部唐纳雀这样的鸟类的新研究的独特之处在于它覆盖了更广泛的地理范围，不仅关注东北美
地区的鸣禽，也包括西部及食物链不同层级上的鸟类。故选A项。
39．细节理解题。由最后一段“And he hopes that the information will serve to highlight the urgent need to
lower greenhouse-gas emissions as fast as possible. “It’s really important, if we can’t address climate change
immediately, to try to stop habitat loss as much as we can.” (他希望这些信息将有助于强调尽快降低温室气体排
放的迫切需要。“如果我们不能立即解决气候变化问题，那么尽我们所能阻止栖息地的丧失是非常重要
的。”)”可知，作者期望能够尽快减少温室气体的排放，尽可能地阻止栖息地的丧失。故选C项。
40．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是由第二段中的“To fuel them on their lengthy journey, western tanagers
fill up on insects and berries. But as global climate change causes spring to start earlier, birds such as western
tanagers are arriving at their destination after what’s known as “green-up”, when flowers begin blooming and
insects emerge. According to a study published in early March in the journal PNAS, this kind of timing mismatch
between migrants (迁移动物) and their food sources, which is happening across North America, could have serious
consequences for migratory birds’ survival. (为了在漫长的旅途中补充能量，西方唐纳雀以昆虫和浆果为食。
但随着全球气候变化导致春天提前到来，像唐纳雀这样的鸟类在所谓的“返青”之后才到达目的地，这时
花朵开始绽放，昆虫开始出现。根据3月初发表在《美国科学院院刊》上的一项研究，这种迁移动物和它们的食物来源之间的时间不匹配，正在北美各地发生，可能会对候鸟的生存产生严重后果。)”可知，本文
介绍的是Scott Loss关于鸟类迁移的一项科学研究，且引用了《美国科学院院刊》的话，所以最可能来源
于科研杂志。故选A项。
11.（24-25高三·广西柳州·开学考试）The humble beaver (海狸) could hold the key to saving our water,
according to a new research at has found how their da m building skills protect the rivers threatened by climate
change.
The research, done on the rivers in Colorado, found the wooden banners built by beavers raise water level
upstream. As it builds up, the water flows into surrounding soils and secondary waterways. These acts separate out
extra nutrients and pollutants before water reenters the main channel downstream.
Extreme weather events, such as severe storms, impact water quality in major river systems. Droughts and
floods are becoming more frequent, and the scientists have also found they are contributing to an increase in the
American beaver in the US, and consequently an explosion of dam building.
The team chose to monitor a 40-kilometer stretch of the East River. They reviewed data on water levels
gathered hourly by sensors fixed in the river and the areas along the river.
They also collected water samples, including from below the ground’s surface to monitor nutrient and
pollutant levels. The researchers compared water quality along the stretch during a historically dry year, to water
quality the following year when water levels were unusually high. They also compared these year-long datasets to
water quality during the nearly three-month period, starting in late July2018, when the beaver dam blocked the
river.
The study revealed the dams increased nitrate (硝酸盐) by nearly 50% by increasing the pressure of the
water flow upstream 10 times over, which pushed more water out into the surrounding areas. The nitrates are
absorbed and digested by tiny organisms in the soil. This helped increase the oxygen content and quality in the
rivers.
Beavers’ hard work is responsible for the land they love.
41．What do the wooden barriers created by beavers act as?
A．Waterways. B．Samples.
C．Dams. D．Sensors.
42．What is the direct result of frequent droughts and floods in Colorado?
A．More dams emerge on the rivers.
B．More American beavers appear in the US.
C．More pollutants are removed from the rivers.
D．More oxygen is created in the rivers.
43．Why did the researchers collect water samples from below the ground’s surface?
A．To keep an eye on the water quality.
B．To improve the nutrient of the stretch.
C．To remove pollutants from the river.D．To decrease the effect caused by the flood.
44．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Dams do good to water quality.
B．Beavers contribute to climate change.
C．Extreme weather catches researchers’ eyes.
D．Beavers help protect rivers against climate change.
【答案】41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述了海狸通过筑坝的方式，帮助保护了受气候变化威胁的河流。
41．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The research, done on the rivers in Colorado, found the wooden banners
built by beavers raise water level upstream. (在科罗拉多州的河流上进行的研究发现，海狸建造的木质屏障可
以提高上游的水位。)”可知，海狸建造的木质屏障起到了大坝的作用。故选C项。
42．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Droughts and floods are becoming more frequent, and the scientists have
also found they are contributing to an increase in the American beaver in the US, and consequently an explosion of
dam building.(干旱和洪水正变得越来越频繁，科学家们还发现，它们正在导致美国海狸数量的增加，从而
导致大坝建设的爆炸式增长。)”可推知，频繁的干旱和洪水直接导致了美国海狸数量的增加。故选B项。
43．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“They also collected water samples, including from below the ground’s
surface to monitor nutrient and pollutant levels.(它们还收集了水样，包括地下的水样，以监测营养物质和污染
物的水平。)”可知，研究人员从地下收集水样是为了监测水质。故选A项。
44．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“The humble beaver could hold the key to saving our water, according to a
new research that has found how their dam building skills protect the rivers threatened by climate change.(一项新
的研究发现，不起眼的海狸可能是节约水资源的关键，它们的筑坝技能是如何保护受气候变化威胁的河流
的。)”以及最后一段“Beavers’ hard work is responsible for the land they love.(海狸的辛勤劳作是对这片他们
热爱的土地的负责。)”以及文章其他段落的内容可知，文章主要讲的是海狸通过筑坝的方式帮助保护河流
免受气候变化的影响。故选D项。
12.（2024·湖北襄阳·三模）Medicine is not exclusively a human invention. Many other animals, from
insects to birds to nonhuman primates, have been known to self-medicate with plants and minerals for infections
and other conditions.
Behavioral ecologist Helen Morrogh-Bernard of the Borneo Nature Foundation has spent decades studying
the island’s orangutans (猩猩) and says she has now found evidence they use plants in a previously unseen
medicinal way.
During more than 20, 000 hours of formal observation, Morrogh-Bernard and her colleagues watched 10
orangutans occasionally chew a particular plant (which is not part of their normal diet) into a foamy lather (泡沫)
and then rub it into their fur. The apes spent up to 45 minutes at a time massaging the mixture onto their upper arms
or legs. The researchers believe this behavior is the first known example of a nonhuman animal using a topical
painkiller.
Local people use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-looking plant with stalked leaves-totreat aches and pains. Morrogh-Bernard’s co-authors studied its chemistry. They added extracts (提出物) from the
plant to human cells that had been grown in a dish and had been artificially stimulated to produce cytokines, an
immune system response that causes inflammation (炎症) and discomfort. The plant extract reduced the production
of several types of cytokines, the scientists reported the finding in a study published last November in Scientific
Reports.
The results suggest that orangutans use the plant to reduce inflammation and treat pam. Such findings could
help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful for human medications.
In creatures such as insects, the ability to self-medicate is almost certainly innate: woolly bear caterpillars
infected with flies seek out and eat plant substances that are poisonous to the flies. But more complex animals may
learn such tricks after an initial discovery by one member of their group.
For example, an orangutan may have rubbed the plant on its skin to try to treat parasites and realized that it
also had a pleasant pain-killing effect. That behavior may then have been passed on to other orangutans. Because
this type of-self-medication is seen only in south-central Borneo, Morrogh-Bernard says, it was probably learned
locally.
45．What do we know about Dracaena cantleyi?
A．It can serve as a pain killer. B．It is orangutans normal diet.
C．It is a plant with a foamy lather. D．L can function as building materials.
46．How did Morrogh-Bernard’s team prove the plant’s healing properties?
A．By studying the plant’s chemistry. B．By observing apes eating the plant.
C．By extracting cytokines from the plant. D．By watching local people using the plant.
47．What is the significance of the findings?
A．Botanists can better understand plants.
B．Scientists can find a new way to study apes.
C．Doctors may have the power to cure more diseases.
D．Drug companies may find new materials for medicine.
48．What can we learn according to the passage?
A．Medicine is a human unique invention. B．Plant extracts are the best to treat-pain.
C．Humans and animals have a lot in common. D．Insects have the natural ability to self medication.
【答案】45．A 46．A 47．D 48．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，药物并不是人类的独家发明，研究人员通过观察猩猩用一种植物进行自我治疗，
发现有很多其他动物都会用植物和矿物质来自我治疗感染和其他疾病。
45．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Local people use the same plant Dracaena cantleyi, an unremarkable-looking
plant with stalked leaves-to treat aches and pains.(当地人用同样的植物Dracaena cantleyi（一种长着茎状叶子
的普通植物）来治疗疼痛)”可知，Dracaena cantleyi可以用来止疼，故选A。
46．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Morrogh-Bernard’s co-authors studied its chemistry.(Morrogh-Bernard的合
著者研究了它的化学成分)”可知，Morrogh-Bernard团队是通过研究这种植物的化学性质证明了它的药物疗
效，故选A。47．推理判断题。根据第五段中“Such findings could help identify plants and chemicals that might be useful
for human medications.(这些发现可以帮助识别可能对人类药物有用的植物和化学物质)”可知，这些发现的
意义是制药公司可能会发现新的药物材料。故选D。
48．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“In creatures such as insects, the ability to self-medicate is almost
certainly innate(在昆虫等生物中，自我治疗的能力几乎肯定是天生的)”以及“But more complex animals may
learn such tricks after an initial discovery by one member of their group.(但更复杂的动物可能会在群体中的一个
成员最初发现后学会这些技巧)”可知，一些昆虫的自我治疗能力是天生的，而更多的动物是后天学习而得，
故选D。
题型三 社会文化类说明文的考查
13.（24-25高三·湖北武汉·阶段练习）It’s one of the most common questions adults ask children: what do
you want to be when you grow up? Although childhood is supposed to be fun, kids also discuss important topics
regarding their futures. Now, a new study finds that children who set big goals regarding their future status and
education often set themselves up for success as they age.
The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, are the first to reveal a
connection between life goal development and future success in school or the workplace. Rodica Damian, an
associate professor of psychology at the University of Houston, and other researchers discovered that as children
grow up, their goals naturally begin to change. However, as some childhood goals fall away, other goals related to a
family stay strong. These include being close to relatives, building more friendships or finding a romantic partner,
and even becoming more involved in your community or helping others.
During the study, researchers compared how their goals evolved as children moved from adolescence to
adulthood and how a person’s goals impacted their success in school and as an employee later on. Overall, a child’s
goals focusing on their education and future status were the most consistent predictors (预测因素) of income in
adulthood. Simply put, when a child dreams big about doing well in school or achieving great success as an adult,
these goals accurately paint a picture of how successful these children will be. So, the message is simple: dream big
and dream of success, kids! Those goals can drive you to success when you grow up!
“Our work proves a strong connection between a child’s life goals, educational achievement, and future
occupational outcomes. This information is valuable for parents and educators who can use it to encourage children
to set ambitious goals. Additionally, it helps develop strategies to support individuals in achieving their goals and
reaching their full potential,” Damian concludes.
49．What does the study mainly focus on?
A．Why children change their dreams over time.
B．Whether childhood goals relate to future success.
C．Whether early education determines future career.
D．How childhood experiences impact a person’s choice.
50．Which of the following goals remains strong as children grow up?
A．Connecting with others.B．Achieving academic success.
C．Hunting for a high-salary job
D．Improving personal social status.
51．What message does the author convey in paragraph 3?
A．Dreaming big is potentially associated with success.
B．Childhood achievement s greatly affect future careers.
C．Educational goals may be more achievable than others.
D．Adjusting goals can create new opportunities for success.
52．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To explain the purpose of the study. B．To offer suggestions for future studies.
C．To stress the significance of the study. D．To point out the limitations of the study.
【答案】49．B 50．A 51．B 52．C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于童年的目标是否与未来的成功有关的研究以及研究
的发现。
49．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The findings, published in the Journal of Personality and Social
Psychology, are the first to reveal a connection between life goal development and future success in school or the
workplace. (发表在《个性与社会心理学杂志》上的研究结果首次揭示了人生目标的发展与未来在学校或工
作场所的成功之间的联系。)”可知，这项研究的中的是童年的目标是否与未来的成功有关。故选B。
50．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“However, as some childhood goals fall away, other goals related to a family
stay strong. These include being close to relatives, building more friendships or finding a romantic partner, and
even becoming more involved in your community or helping others. (然而，当一些童年目标消失时，与家庭有
关的其他目标却依然强大。这些包括与亲戚亲近，建立更多的友谊或找到一个浪漫的伴侣，甚至更多地参
与你的社区或帮助他人。)”可知，与他人联系目标在孩子长大后仍然是强有力的。故选A。
51．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“So, the message is simple: dream big and dream of success, kids! Those
goals can drive you to success when you grow up! (所以，我要传达的信息很简单:孩子们，要有远大的梦想，
要梦想成功!当你长大后，这些目标会驱使你走向成功!)”可知，作者在第三段传达了童年的野心与成功有潜
在的联系。故选B。
52．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“ ‘Our work proves a strong connection between a child’s life goals,
educational achievement, and future occupational outcomes. This information is valuable for parents and educators
who can use it to encourage children to set ambitious goals. Additionally, it helps develop strategies to support
individuals in achieving their goals and reaching their full potential,’ Damian concludes (“我们的研究证明，孩子
的人生目标、教育成就和未来的职业成就之间存在着密切的联系。这些信息对父母和教育工作者来说很有
价值，他们可以用它来鼓励孩子们设定雄心勃勃的目标。此外，它还有助于制定支持个人实现目标和充分
发挥潜力的策略，”达米安总结道。)”可知，最后一段的目的是强调这项研究的意义。故选C。
14.（24-25高三·浙江宁波·开学考试）The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious awards in the world.
It was established by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor. Nobel was known for inventingdynamite. However, he was concerned about how his inventions could be used for destructive purposes in war.
Thus, in his will, he stipulated that his fortune be used to establish prizes in physics, chemistry, physiology or
medicine, literature, and peace.
The first Nobel Prizes were awarded in 1901. Since then, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to countless
outstanding individuals who have made significant contributions to their respective fields. The Nobel Prize in
Physics and Chemistry often recognizes revolutionary discoveries and advancements in science. The Nobel Prize in
Physiology or Medicine honors breakthroughs in the understanding and treatment of diseases. The Nobel Prize in
Literature rewards outstanding literary works that have a profound impact on humanity. The Nobel Peace Prize is
given to those who have worked tirelessly to promote peace and resolve conflicts.
Winning a Nobel Prize is not only a great honor but also brings attention to the important work being done in
various fields. It inspires future generations of scientists, writers, and peacemakers to strive for excellence and
make the world a better place.
53．Who established the Nobel Prize?
A．A Swedish physicist. B．A Swedish chemist.
C．A Swedish engineer. D．A Swedish inventor.
54．What was Alfred Nobel known for inventing?
A．Gunpowder. B．Dynamite. C．Electricity. D．The telephone.
55．How many fields does the Nobel Prize cover?
A．Three. B．Four. C．Five. D．Six.
56．Which field does the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine honor?
A．Discoveries in physics. B．Breakthroughs in treating diseases.
C．Outstanding literary works. D．Efforts to promote peace.
【答案】53．B 54．B 55．C 56．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了诺贝尔奖的设立以及发展。
53．细节理解题。根据第一段“It was established by Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, and inventor.
(它是由瑞典化学家、工程师和发明家阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔创立的。)”可知，一位瑞典化学家设立了诺贝尔
奖。故选B。
54．细节理解题。根据第一段“Nobel was known for inventing dynamite. (诺贝尔因发明炸药而闻名。)”可
知，阿尔弗雷德·诺贝尔因发明了炸药而闻名。故选B。
55．细节理解题。根据第一段“Thus, in his will, he stipulated that his fortune be used to establish prizes in
physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. (因此，在他的遗嘱中，他规定他的财产将用
于设立物理学、化学、生理学或医学、文学和和平奖。)”可知，诺贝尔奖涵盖5个领域。故选C。
56．细节理解题。根据第二段“The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine honors breakthroughs in the
understanding and treatment of diseases. (诺贝尔生理学或医学奖表彰在理解和治疗疾病方面的突破。)”可
知，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予在疾病治疗方面取得突破。故选B。
15.（2024·四川成都·模拟预测）Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generallyregarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they
are accused.
Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment and proved that immigration
is good for the health of animal populations. A road destroys only a small part of the habitat, thus destroying just a
few local populations of creatures. So the argument that road-building itself is bad for biodiversity is not self-
evidently correct. Those who nevertheless hold this view say that apparently separate local populations of animals
are, in fact, parts of much larger populations connected via migration.
According to this theory, when a local population struggles to move about — because of an epidemic, for
example — individuals from neighboring communities can fill the gaps.
The implications of the theory are straightforward. Cut local populations off from each other and each is
more likely to disappear. And roads are good at doing just that. Testing the theory with experimental roads,
however, would be expensive. Dr. Gonzalez’s brainwave was to do the whole thing on a much smaller scale.
The team studied moss-covered rocks. On some rocks the researchers left the moss untouched; on others
they made “roadways” across to leave the moss isolated. After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed
habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had
become extinct.
The real test came in the second part of the experiment. In this, the researchers removed moss much as
before, but they left narrow moss paths to bridge the no-bug’s-land between islands. The islands with bridges did
far better than isolated islands — a result that supports the notion that population exchange is necessary to keep an
ecosystem healthy.
Whether these results can be translated to large-scale ecosystems remains uncertain. But if they can, they
would cause more, not less, concern about the ecological effects of road-building. On the other hand, they also
suggest a way out. In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular habits, such as badgers (獾),
to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to fight with traffic. Extending that principle, perhaps
special bridges might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit better.
57．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Calling on us to stop building roads for a healthy ecosystem.
B．Warning us of potential dangers of animal immigration.
C．Informing us of the environmental damage caused by new roads.
D．Suggesting a new way to avoid the damage caused by new roads.
58．Dr. Gonzalez’s experiment found that __________.
A．building roads is expensive
B．immigration is good for animals
C．roads cut off animal immigration
D．tunnels should be built under roads
59．How does the author present his point?
A．By analyzing facts. B．By giving examples.
C．By providing scientific findings. D．By comparing possible effects.60．According to the passage, which of the following statements will the writer agree with?
A．The impact of road-building is not as serious as we thought.
B．Road-building is beneficial to animal immigration.
C．Environmental damage caused by road-building is still uncertain.
D．Environmental damage caused by road-building might be lessened.
【答案】57．C 58．B 59．C 60．D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，主要讲述了新建道路对环境的破坏以及如何通过实验找到避免这种破坏的新方
法。
57．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Minimizing the environmental damage that new roads cause is generally
regarded as a good thing. But to do that, it helps to understand just how new roads cause the damage of which they
are accused.”（把新建道路对环境造成的破坏降到最低通常被认为是一件好事。但要做到这一点，它有助于
理解新道路是如何造成被指责的破坏的。）可知，短文主要告诉我们新路对环境造成的破坏。故选C项。
58．细节理解题。根据第二段“Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment
and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.”（最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一组研
究人员进行了一项实验，证明了移民对动物种群的健康有益。）可知，移民对动物有益。故选B项。
59．推理判断题。根据第二段“Recently, a group of researchers led by Dr. Gonzalez conducted an experiment
and proved that immigration is good for the health of animal populations.”（最近，冈萨雷斯博士领导的一组研
究人员进行了一项实验，证明了移民对动物种群的健康有益），第三段“According to this theory, when a
local population struggles to move about — because of an epidemic, for example — individuals from
neighboring communities can fill the gaps.”（根据这一理论，当当地人口难以移动时，例如由于流行病，来
自邻近社区的个人可以填补空白。）和第五段“After waiting six months, they found that in the disturbed
habitats nearly all the bug population had declined compared with undisturbed moss, and 40% of the species had
become extinct.”（ 等了六个月后，他们发现，与未受干扰的苔藓相比，在受干扰的栖息地，几乎所有的虫
子数量都减少了，40%的物种已经灭绝。）可知，短文是通过提供科学发现来呈现观点的。故选C。
60．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“In Britain, tunnels are often built under roads for animals of regular
habits, such as badgers (獾), to be able to travel their traditional routes without having to fight with traffic.
Extending that principle, perhaps special bridges might be a cheap way of letting man and nature rub along a bit
better.”（在英国，人们经常在道路下方建造隧道，让像獾这样的有规律习性的动物能够沿着它们的传统路
线行走，而不必与交通争抢。扩展这一原则，也许特殊的桥梁可能是让人类和自然更好地相处的一种便宜
的方式。）可推知，通过合理建设道路，作者认为道路造成的环境破坏可能会被减轻，故选D。
16.（2024·辽宁·模拟预测）I am asked repeatedly why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a
building that is dirty and clearly in need of work. I guess you could say we preservationists (文物保护者) look at
buildings through a different angle — an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck, the story in the simple lines,
and the book behind the cover.
The Queen Emma Building is remembered by many as one of the ugliest buildings in town. Yet the angle
from which a preservationist views the building is that it is uniquely constructed with an artistical sun shield to
block the sunlight, a decorative wall designers used concrete bricks to form. Unfortunately, it was removed in 2011,making the building one of many contemporary buildings in town.
Other times, when a beautiful site is replaced by a “horrible” building, people hate it and can’t get over their
anger, even when that “horrible” building becomes an important part of our story. This is particularly true in San
Francisco with many Victorian buildings, which are many. preservationists’ favorite. Yes, it was a tragedy that
many Victorian buildings. got torn down several decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It
tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for
the working class. Should that history be wiped from our memories?
Preservation is not just about keeping pretty, well-kept buildings, but about holding on to parts of our history
— not just the history of huge events, but the story of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market. Our
history cannot be told only in buildings that meet someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but
no less important.
61．Which section might the passage come from?
A．Opinion and Views. B．Health and Well-being.
C．Space and Exploration. D．Business and Finance.
62．How does the author feel about removing the sun shield of the Queen Emma Building?
A．It’s incredible. B．It’s regrettable. C．It’s inspiring. D．It’s entertaining.
63．Why were many Victorian buildings in San Francisco tom down?
A．To wipe the history of the Victorian era.
B．To make land available for cheap housing.
C．To ease the deep anger of the working class.
D．To revive the architecture of the Victorian era
64．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?
A．To analyze the role of preservationists.
B．To introduce buildings with historical value.
C．To explain why architects make ugly buildings.
D．To stress the significance of preserving “ugly” buildings.
【答案】61．A 62．B 63．B 64．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过艾玛女王大厦的太阳遮挡层被拆事件，以及旧金山维多利亚建筑被
拆除的历史，强调保护这些“丑陋”建筑的重要性，因为它们承载着社会变迁和民众生活的记忆，是历史
不可分割的一部分。
61．推理判断题。根据第一段“I am asked repeatedly why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a
building that is dirty and clearly in need of work. I guess you could say we preservationists (文物保护者) look at
buildings through a different angle—an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck, the story in the simple lines,
and the book behind the cover.(有人反复问我，为什么有人想保留一座“丑陋”的建筑或一座肮脏且显然需
要修缮的建筑。我想你可以说，我们保护主义者从不同的角度看待建筑——一个可以看到丑小鸭里的天
鹅、简单线条中的故事和封面下边的书的角度)”可知，本文主要介绍了作者对于保护建筑的看法，推测文
章可能来自于“观点和看法”部分。故选A项。62．推理判断题。根据第二段“The Queen Emma Building is remembered by many as one of the ugliest
buildings in town. Yet the angle from which a preservationist views the building is that it is uniquely constructed
with an artistical sun shield to block the sunlight, a decorative wall designers used concrete bricks to form.
Unfortunately, it was removed in 2011, making the building one of many contemporary buildings in town.(许多人
认为，艾玛女王大厦是城里最丑陋的建筑之一。然而，保护主义者看待这座建筑的角度是，它是独特的，
有一个艺术性的遮阳板来阻挡阳光，装饰墙设计师使用混凝土砖来形成。不幸的是，它在2011年被拆除，
使这座建筑成为城里许多当代建筑之一)”可知，作者认为艾玛女王大厦的遮阳板被拆除是不幸的事，作者
感觉这是很遗憾的。故选B项。
63．细节理解题。根据第三段“This is particularly true in San Francisco with many Victorian buildings, which
are many. preservationists’ favorite. Yes, it was a tragedy that many Victorian buildings. got torn down several
decades ago, but those losses also tell another important story. It tells the story of the 1950s and 1960s when there
was hope for a more equal society with inexpensive housing for the working class.(在旧金山尤其如此，那里有许
多维多利亚式建筑，数量很多。保护主义者的最爱。是的，许多维多利亚时代的建筑都是悲剧。几十年前
被拆除，但这些损失也讲述了另一个重要的故事。它告诉了20世纪50年代和60年代的故事，当时人们希
望建立一个更平等的社会，为工人阶级提供廉价的住房)”可知，旧金山的许多维多利亚式建筑被拆除，是
为了给工人阶级提供廉价的住房，为廉价住房提供土地。故选B项。
64．推理判断题。根据第一段“I am asked repeatedly why anyone would want to keep an “ugly” building or a
building that is dirty and clearly in need of work. I guess you could say we preservationists (文物保护者) look at
buildings through a different angle—an angle that can see the swan in the ugly duck, the story in the simple lines,
and the book behind the cover.(有人反复问我，为什么有人想保留一座“丑陋”的建筑或一座肮脏且显然需
要修缮的建筑。我想你可以说，我们保护主义者从不同的角度看待建筑——一个可以看到丑小鸭里的天
鹅、简单线条中的故事和封面下边的书的角度)”以及最后一段“Preservation is not just about keeping pretty,
well-kept buildings, but about holding on to parts of our history—not just the history of huge events, but the story
of how everyone used to go to a certain corner market. Our history cannot be told only in buildings that meet
someone’s criteria of beauty; sometimes our history is painful, but no less important.(保护不仅仅是保留漂亮、保
存完好的建筑，而是保留我们历史的一部分——不仅是重大事件的历史，还有每个人过去如何去某个街角
市场的故事。我们的历史不能只在符合某人美丽标准的建筑中讲述；有时我们的历史是痛苦的，但同样重
要)”可知，不仅要保护漂亮、保存完好的建筑，“丑陋”的建筑也需要被保护，作者写作的目的是强调保
护“丑陋”建筑的重要性。故选D项。
17.（2024·江西赣州·二模）Mayan civilization was a Central American (Mesoamerican) civilization that
covered one third of Central America. Mayan civilization is famous for its fully developed written language,
striking art, huge architecture, and advanced mathematical and astronomical knowledge. These features came out of
the Preclassic Period but reached their highest development in the Classic Period (250 to 900 AD). When it
prospered (繁荣), it was one of the most densely populated and culturally active societies in the world.
Mayan civilization was not one single empire, but rather many separate city-states which had a common
cultural background. Strangely, after the Classic Period, these cities stopped to be centers of importance. Mayan
culture continued and still exists today but in a rural setting. One question that interests scholars is why these citiesjust disappeared. They were swallowed up by the tropical jungles. Travelers and scholars rediscovered them and
have studied them only in the last two hundred years or so. In fact, scholars have debates about what happened, but
some factors seem to be part of the explanation of why they disappeared.
Toward the end there was large-scale, continuous warfare among the city-states. The rulers were highly
competitive and made fierce wars on one another. Another factor considered is overpopulation. Scholars indicate
that the Mayan population reached up to 200 people per square kilometer, among the highest in the pre-industrial
world. Overpopulation led to overuse of the tropical forest, the source of their food.
Research from the pollen (花粉) indicates that there was almost no tropical forest left. This led to damage to
the environment of the area, further resulting in a lack of water and then drought. Thus warfare, overpopulation,
overuse of resources, and destruction of the environment appear to be active factors involved in the disappearance
of Mayan cities.
65．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．To present a different view. B．To provide the main topic.
C．To lead to the main topic. D．To provide the text’s road-map.
66．Which of the following has puzzled Mayan scholars?
A．The disappearance of Mayan cities. B．The continuation of Mayan culture.
C．The city-states’ cultural background. D．The creation of Mayan civilization.
67．What was the consequence of overuse of the tropical forest?
A．Serious flood. B．Overpopulation. C．Continuous wars. D．Food shortage.
68．What is the best title for this passage?
A．The Fall of Mayan Cities
B．The Golden Age of Mayan Cities
C．Tropical Jungles and Mayan Civilization
D．Mayan Civilization in the Classic Period
【答案】65．C 66．A 67．D 68．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍对玛雅城市消失原因的研究。
65．推理判断题。由文章第一段“Mayan civilization was a Central American (Mesoamerican) civilization that
covered one third of Central America. Mayan civilization is famous for its fully developed written language,
striking art, huge architecture, and advanced mathematical and astronomical knowledge. These features came out of
the Preclassic Period but reached their highest development in the Classic Period (250 to 900 AD). When it
prospered (繁荣), it was one of the most densely populated and culturally active societies in the world.(玛雅文明是
中美洲（中美洲）的文明，覆盖了中美洲的三分之一。玛雅文明以其发达的书面语言、引人注目的艺术、
庞大的建筑以及先进的数学和天文知识而闻名。这些特征出现在前古典时期，但在古典时期（公元250年
至900年）达到了最高发展。当它繁荣起来时，它是世界上人口最稠密、文化最活跃的社会之一。)”可
知，这里主要介绍玛雅城市的繁荣，而下文讨论该城市消失的原因，所以第一段起引出主题的作用。故选
C项。
66．细节理解题。由文章第二段“One question that interests scholars is why these cities just disappeared. (学者们感兴趣的一个问题是，为什么这些城市刚刚消失。)”可知，玛雅城市的消失让玛雅学者感到困惑。故选
A项。
67．推理判断题。由文章第三段“Scholars indicate that the Mayan population reached up to 200 people per
square kilometer, among the highest in the pre-industrial world. Overpopulation led to overuse of the tropical
forest, the source of their food.(学者们指出，玛雅人的人口达到每平方公里200人，是工业化前世界人口最
多的国家之一。人口过多导致了对热带森林的过度使用，热带森林是他们的食物来源。)”可推知，对热带
森林的过度使用会导致玛雅人食物的减少，从而导致他们的消亡。故选D项。
68．主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“One question that interests scholars is why these cities just disappeared.(学
者们感兴趣的一个问题是为什么这些城市就这样消失了)”和最后一段“Research from the pollen (花粉)
indicates that there was almost no tropical forest left. This led to damage to the environment of the area, further
resulting in a lack of water and then drought. Thus warfare, overpopulation, overuse of resources, and destruction
of the environment appear to be active factors involved in the disappearance of Mayan cities.(对花粉的研究表
明，几乎没有热带森林了。这导致该地区的环境遭到破坏，进一步导致缺水和干旱。因此，战争、人口过
剩、资源过度使用和环境破坏似乎是玛雅城市消失的积极因素。)”以及上文可知，文章主要介绍对玛雅城
市消失原因的研究，所以A项“The Fall of Mayan Cities(玛雅城市的衰落)”符合文意。故选A项。
题型 阅读理解
A
（23-24 高三·上海·阶段练习）For the arts “to mean more, to more people,” as Arts Council England
(ACE) argues that they should, would be excellent. Music, drama, dance, visual arts, poetry and literature are
among the most precious human achievements. To live in a country in which these are more widely shared and
enjoyed would be proof that we are making progress. The point is not to entertain or educate people, or bring
communities together. Nor is it all about boosting jobs and investment. Imagination has intrinsic (内在的) value,
and research carried out by ACE in the course of preparing its 10-year strategy showed that people from all walks
of life value and get pleasure from cultural activities.
Positioning itself as a development agency, ACE will now hope to win government backing for a change of
direction that orients it away from the biggest and most prestigious national institutions and towards the towns,
villages and grassroots organizations that should be similarly deserving of attention. There, it envisions a role for
itself “building the identity and prosperity of places,” bringing professional artists together with voluntary groups,
particular in areas that have previously not been well represented on the cultural map.
ACE’s chair, Sir Nicholas Serota, quotes the first world war centenary (百年纪念) project devised by the
artist, Jeremy Deller, and theatre director, Rufus Norris, as the model of what he wants his organization to be about.By dressing up volunteers as soldiers, and orchestrating their encounters with members of the public in settings
across England, the artists succeeded in “dissolving the barriers between artists and audiences.”
The emphasis on participation — on culture as something that more people should actually do — is newer.
This is the difference between being in a play or a band and buying tickets to watch them, and for ACE to play a
more active role in promoting the former would be beneficial. This begins in childhood, and ACE clearly hopes that
the government will think again about policies that have seen music, drama and other arts subjects systematically
downgraded in favour of science, technology and maths.
To what extent the vision is realized will depend in part on whether ACE’s ambitions catch the government’s
interest sufficiently to influence the upcoming spending review, and provide a counterweight to the scorn (轻视)
that is regularly poured on the humanities. Around £400m has been cut from local government arts budgets since
2010, and ACE cannot plug this gap. The closure of youth clubs and live music venues, and growing financial
pressures linked to the property market, are among other reasons for this worrisome narrowing of opportunities. So
far Boris Johnson has offered few signs that he has in mind a starring role for the arts in post-Brexit Britain,
although 2022’s Festival of Brexit is one such event. ACE’s plan should boost the profile of all those, in
government and outside, who are arguing for more.
1．The purpose of making arts available to more people is to __________.
A．enlighten people from all walks of life
B．consolidate various communities
C．create job opportunities for artists
D．maximize the natural value of art
2．According to the passage, ACE is most likely to promote the arts of ___________.
A．national institutions
B．commercial centers
C．local governments
D．towns and villages
3．Which of the following statements would Sir Nicholas Serota most probably agree with?
A．Audiences with little education can also gain pleasure from cultural activities.
B．Artists and audiences can create and enjoy the arts together without barriers.
C．The soldiers and volunteers should vividly show scenes about the First World War.
D．Science, technology and maths are more important than humanities and arts nowadays.
4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A．For the arts to get revitalized more extensive efforts are needed.
B．The current British government has done enough to promote arts.
C．ACE should narrow the financial gap left by the local government.
D．Many performing venues have closed due to the rising property market.
【答案】1．D 2．D 3．B 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了ACE希望艺术面向更多人，以及ACE为推动艺术发展所做的努力。ACE主席希望艺术能够消除艺术家和观众之间的障碍，让更多人参与其中，ACE还希望政府能够重视
艺术，为艺术发展提供支持。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“For the arts “to mean more, to more people,” as Arts Council England (ACE)
argues that they should, would be excellent. Music, drama, dance, visual arts, poetry and literature are among the
most precious human achievements. To live in a country in which these are more widely shared and enjoyed would
be proof that we are making progress.”（正如英格兰艺术委员会(ACE)所主张的那样，艺术“对更多人意味着
更多”是非常好的。音乐、戏剧、舞蹈、视觉艺术、诗歌和文学是人类最宝贵的成就之一。生活在一个这
些艺术被更广泛分享和享受的国家将证明我们正在取得进步。）可知，ACE认为让更多人接触到艺术是非
常好的，因为艺术是人类最宝贵的成就之一，生活在一个艺术被广泛分享和享受的国家，证明了这个国家
正在取得进步。由此可知，让更多人接触到艺术的目的是最大化艺术的自然价值。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Positioning itself as a development agency, ACE will now hope to win
government backing for a change of direction that orients it away from the biggest and most prestigious national
institutions and towards the towns, villages and grassroots organizations that should be similarly deserving of
attention.”（作为一个发展机构，ACE现在希望赢得政府的支持，以改变其方向，使其远离最大和最负盛名
的国家机构，转向同样值得关注的城镇、村庄和基层组织。）可知，ACE希望将艺术推广到城镇、村庄和
基层组织。故选D。
3．推理判断题。根据第三段“ACE’s chair, Sir Nicholas Serota, quotes the first world war centenary (百年纪
念) project devised by the artist, Jeremy Deller, and theatre director, Rufus Norris, as the model of what he wants
his organization to be about. By dressing up volunteers as soldiers, and orchestrating their encounters with
members of the public in settings across England, the artists succeeded in “dissolving the barriers between artists
and audiences.”（ACE主席Nicholas Serota爵士引用艺术家 Jeremy Deller 和戏剧导演 Rufus Norris设计的
第一次世界大战百年纪念项目，作为他希望自己组织成为什么样的榜样。通过让志愿者装扮成士兵，并在
英格兰各地的环境中安排他们与公众的相遇，艺术家们成功地“消除了艺术家和观众之间的障碍。”）可
知，ACE主席Nicholas Serota爵士希望ACE能够像第一次世界大战百年纪念项目一样，消除艺术家和观众
之间的障碍，让艺术家和观众能够一起创造和享受艺术。故选B。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“To what extent the vision is realized will depend in part on whether ACE’s
ambitions catch the government’s interest sufficiently to influence the upcoming spending review, and provide a
counterweight to the scorn (轻视) that is regularly poured on the humanities.”（这一愿景在多大程度上得以实
现，将在一定程度上取决于ACE的雄心是否足以引起政府的兴趣，从而影响即将到来的支出审查，并制衡
人们对人文学科的蔑视）以及“So far Boris Johnson has offered few signs that he has in mind a starring role for
the arts in post-Brexit Britain, although 2022’s Festival of Brexit is one such event. ACE’s plan should boost the
profile of all those, in government and outside, who are arguing for more.”（到目前为止，Boris Johnson几乎没
有迹象表明他打算在英国脱欧后的英国扮演主角，尽管2022年的英国脱欧节是这样一个事件。ACE 的计
划应该会提高政府内外所有主张更多的人的形象。）可知，ACE 的计划能否实现，部分取决于ACE的雄
心是否能引起政府的兴趣，从而影响即将到来的支出审查，并为经常被轻视的人文学科提供一个平衡。
ACE的计划应该会提高政府内外所有主张更多的人的形象。由此可知，要使艺术得到振兴，需要更广泛的
努力。故选A。B
（2024·上海·模拟预测）Animal products could produce electricity, one British power company warns —
and to give consumers a choice, it's offering what it calls the world’s first vegan electricity.
Ecotricity, a renewable energy provider in the U.K., announced its electricity and gas would be certified
vegan after it claimed half of British homes are powered by electricity made from animal byproducts. Company
founder Dale Vince accused companies that consider themselves “ethical” or “green” of keeping consumers in the
dark about their “secret ingredient.” “We need clear labeling of energy sourcing so that people can make informed
choices,” he said in a statement.
The company offers “vegan energy” in wind and solar power, and it’s developing “sea power” produced by
wave oscillation and marine currents. None of Ecotricity’s electrical sources contains animal byproducts that the
company knew of before it made the announcement, but it registered with the Vegan Society to certify its green
status.
Though not widely disclosed, it’s fairly common for power companies to derive electricity from animals
through anaerobic digestion (厌氧消化). Animal waste is generally considered a clean, renewable energy source.
Turning manure into fuel eliminates a sizeable chunk of carbon pollution and lessens power companies’ reliance on
“dirtier” fossil fuels like coal and oil. Plus, animals provide a limitless supply of waste, while Earth’s natural gas
stores are finite, so crackers wouldn’t need to drill into rock to extract it.
Cows are pictured at a Wagyu cattle breeding center in June in Petit-Mars, France. A U.K. energy company
announced the first “vegan electricity” after warning consumers about animal byproducts in energy production.
After anaerobic digestion, farmers can use the liquid remains of the manure as fertilizer and make chips for
animal bedding from the solid leftovers, chemical engineer David Simakov told Popular Science.
“We are talking about producing the amount of renewable natural gas enough to heat thousands of homes
from just a single large landfill site,” he said. “We need to stop pumping carbon from underground into the
atmosphere and start caring about introducing more and more renewable energy to make our lives more
sustainable.”
Renewable energy only accounts for 11 percent of energy consumption in the U.S., according to the Energy
Information Administration. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy generate more than 80 percent of the country’s
electricity, and that’s unlikely to change: like other clean energy sources, anaerobic digestion is still more expensive
than traditional sources of energy.
5．According to Dale Vince, ____________________.
A．it’s necessary for consumers to know how electricity is produced
B．people don’t need to make choices of whether to use vegan electricity
C．vegan electricity and gas shouldn’t use animal byproducts
D．it’s not certain whether Ecotricity has used animal byproducts
6．In Paragraph 2, “secret ingredient” refers to ___________________.
A．an energy provider
B．vegan energy
C．animal wasteD．energy labelling
7．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．It’s forbidden to get exploited natural gas since it is limited.
B．Clean energy may not replace fossil fuels to be used by families.
C．Power companies can rely on animal waste to produce clean energy.
D．The waste of cows is first used to produce clean energy in the world.
8．What does the author think of clean energy?
A．It has been a mainstream.
B．It has a promising future.
C．Consumers tend to use more clean energy now.
D．Its producing cost has decreased its popularity.
【答案】5．A 6．C 7．B 8．D
【导语】本文讲述一家英国可再生能源供应商Ecotricity推出的全球首个“vegan electricity”，并讨论了能源
生产中动物副产品的问题，以及厌氧消化在能源生产中的应用。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Company founder Dale Vince accused companies that consider themselves
“ethical” or “green” of keeping consumers in the dark about their “secret ingredient.” “We need clear labeling of
energy sourcing so that people can make informed choices,” he said in a statement.(公司创始人Dale Vince指责那
些自认为“合乎道德”或“绿色”的公司向消费者隐瞒他们的“秘密成分”。“我们需要清晰的能源来源
标签，这样人们才能做出明智的选择，”他在一份声明中说)”可知，Dale Vince认为，消费者有必要了解电
是如何产生的。故选A项。
6．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“We need clear labeling of energy sourcing so that people can make informed
choices(我们需要清晰的能源来源标签，这样人们才能做出明智的选择)”可知，secret ingredient指的是能源
来源，再根据第四段“Though not widely disclosed, it’s fairly common for power companies to derive electricity
from animals through anaerobic digestion (厌氧消化). Animal waste is generally considered a clean, renewable
energy source. Turning manure into fuel eliminates a sizeable chunk of carbon pollution and lessens power
companies’ reliance on “dirtier” fossil fuels like coal and oil. Plus, animals provide a limitless supply of waste,
while Earth’s natural gas stores are finite, so crackers wouldn’t need to drill into rock to extract it.(尽管没有广泛披
露，但电力公司利用厌氧消化技术从动物身上获取电能是相当普遍的。动物粪便通常被视为一种清洁、可
再生的能源。将粪便转化为燃料可以消除大量的碳污染，并减少电力公司对煤炭和石油等“较脏”化石燃
料的依赖。此外，动物粪便的供应是无限的，而地球的天然气储量是有限的，因此压裂人员不需要钻探岩
石来提取天然气)”可知，Ecotricity的能源来源是动物粪便。故选C项。
7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Renewable energy only accounts for 11 percent of energy consumption in the
U.S., according to the Energy Information Administration. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy generate more than 80
percent of the country’s electricity, and that’s unlikely to change: like other clean energy sources, anaerobic
digestion is still more expensive than traditional sources of energy.(根据美国能源情报署的数据，可再生能源仅
占美国能源消耗的11%。化石燃料和核能提供了该国80%以上的电力，而且这种情况不太可能改变：像其
他清洁能源一样，厌氧消化仍然比传统能源更昂贵)”可推知，清洁能源可能不会取代家庭使用的化石燃料，因为比传统能源更昂贵。故选B项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Renewable energy only accounts for 11 percent of energy consumption in the
U.S., according to the Energy Information Administration. Fossil fuels and nuclear energy generate more than 80
percent of the country’s electricity, and that’s unlikely to change: like other clean energy sources, anaerobic
digestion is still more expensive than traditional sources of energy.(根据美国能源情报署的数据，可再生能源仅
占美国能源消耗的11%。化石燃料和核能提供了该国80%以上的电力，而且这种情况不太可能改变：像其
他清洁能源一样，厌氧消化仍然比传统能源更昂贵)”可推知，清洁能源的生产成本降低了它的知名度。故
选D项。
1.（2024新课标II卷）
Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI-
powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence comes in. This
absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the
forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that
powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into
the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for
a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as
AI.
As we soon come to learn from AI by Design, AI is already super-smart and will become more capable,
moving from the current generation of “narrow-AI” to Artificial General Intelligence. From there, Campbell says,
will come Artificial Dominant Intelligence. This is why Campbell has set out to raise awareness of AI and its future
now-several decades before these developments are expected to take place. She says it is essential that we keep
control of artificial intelligence, or risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse.
Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI-the technology companies and world leaders-so they
are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it. She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history
and must act now to prevent an extinction-level event for humanity. We need to consider how we want our future
with Al to pan out. Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness
rather than our downfall.
AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject, this is it.
32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. If read by someone poorly educated.B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned.
C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic.33. What is a feature of AI by Design according to the text?
A. It is packed with complex codes. B. It adopts a down-to-earth writing style.
C. It provides step-by-step instructions.D. It is intended for AI professionals.
34. What does Campbell urge people to do regarding AI development?
A. Observe existing regulations on it.
B. Reconsider expert opinions about it.
C. Make joint efforts to keep it under control.
D. Learn from prior experience to slow it down.
35. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?
A. To recommend a book on AI. B. To give a brief account of AI history.
C. To clarify the definition of AI. D. To honor an outstanding AI expert.
【答案】32. C 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了 Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with
Artificial Intelligence一书。该书作为应对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，
强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机。
32.词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代
码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades' professional experience translating the
heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic,
making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost
as smart as AI. (这样一本书可能会像驱动人工智能的计算机代码一样复杂，但值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有 20
多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角
度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”
可知，坎贝尔撰写的这本书是通俗易懂的，如果别人写这本书的话可能就不是这样了，推测划线短语表示
“如果是由能力较差的人写的”。故选C项。
33. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience
translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as
an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you
feel almost as smart as AI.(值得庆幸的是，坎贝尔有20多年的专业经验，可以将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理
解的内容。她从商业人士的实际角度而不是学者的角度出发，撰写了一本非常通俗易懂、内容丰富的指
南，读完后会让你觉得自己几乎和人工智能一样聪明)”可知，坎贝尔在书中将令人兴奋的内容转化为可理
解的内容，这本书的特点是通俗易懂，推测它采用了接地气的写作风格。故选B项。
34.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“She says it is essential that we keep control of artificial intelligence, or
risk being sidelined and perhaps even worse. (她说，我们必须保持对人工智能的控制，否则就有被边缘化甚
至更糟的风险)”和文章最后一段“We need to consider how we want our future with AI to pan out.
Such structured thinking, followed by global regulation, will enable us to achieve greatness rather than our
downfall. (我们需要考虑我们希望人工智能的未来如何发展。这种结构化的思维，加上全球监管，将使我们
走向伟大，而不是走向衰败)”可知，坎贝尔敦促人们保持对人工智能的控制，考虑人工智能的未来应如何发展，所以关于人工智能的发展，坎贝尔敦促人们共同努力将其控制住。故选C项。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Given the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to
take action to deal with our AI-powered future, and this is where AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial
Intelligence comes in. This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the
challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革). (考虑到人工智能改变我们生活的惊人潜力，我们都
需要采取行动来应对人工智能驱动的未来，这正是 AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence
的用武之地。卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔撰写的这本引人入胜的新书是一本实用的路线图，旨在应对即将到来的人
工智能革命带来的挑战)”和文章最后一段“AI will affect us all, and if you only read one book on the subject,
this is it. (人工智能将影响我们所有人，如果你只读一本关于这个主题的书，那就是这本书)”可知，本文主
要介绍了Catriona Campbell所著AI by Design: A Plan for Living with Artificial Intelligence一书，该书作为应
对AI革命挑战的实用指南，以商业视角阐述AI发展现状与前景，强调控制AI的重要性，呼吁各界协同确
保人工智能安全发展，以防潜在危机，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是推荐一本关于人工智能的书。故选 A
项。
2.（2024全国甲卷）
The Saint Lukas train doesn’t accept passengers—it accepts only the sick. The Saint Lukas is one of five
government-sponsored medical trains that travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an
average of two days, and during that time the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with
basic medical care, X-ray scans and prescriptions.
“People started queuing to make an appointment early in the morning,” says Emile Ducke, a German
photographer who traveled with the staff of the Saint Lukas for a two-week trip in November through the vast
regions(区域)of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia.
Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The government has struggled
to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas east of the Volga River,
including arranging doctor’s appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid programs to motivate doctors
to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk.
The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt to improve the situation. For 10 months every year,
the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks, before returning to the regional capital to refuel and
restock(补给). Then it starts all over again the next month. Most stations wait about a year between visits.
Doctors see up to 150 patients every day. The train’s equipment allows for basic checkups. “I was very
impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living in such little space but still staying focused and
very concerned,” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”
28. How is the Saint Lukas different from other trains?
A. It runs across countries. B. It reserves seats for the seniors.
C. It functions as a hospital. D. It travels along a river.
29. What can we infer from paragraph 3 about Krasnoyarsk?
A. It is heavily populated. B. It offers training for doctors.
C. It is a modern city. D. It needs medical aid.
30. How long can the Saint Lukas work with one supply?A. About a year. B. About ten months.
C. About two months. D. About two weeks.
31. What is Ducke’s attitude toward the Saint Lukas’ services?
A. Appreciative. B. Doubtful C. Ambiguous. D. Cautious.
【答案】28. C 29. D 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要讲述政府赞助了五辆名为圣卢卡斯的医疗列车为俄罗斯中部和东部偏远
地区每年提供为期10个月的巡回医疗服务，为乡村居民提供基本医疗检查和治疗，改善当地医疗条件。
28.细节理解题，根据文章第一段“The Saint Lukas is one of five government-sponsored medical trains that
travel to remote towns in central and eastern Russia. Each stop lasts an average of two days, and during that time
the doctors and nurses on board provide rural(乡村)populations with basic medical care, X-ray scans and
prescriptions. (圣卢卡斯号是五列政府资助的医疗列车之一，前往俄罗斯中部和东部的偏远城镇。每一站平
均停留两天，在此期间，船上的医生和护士为农村人口提供基本医疗服务、X光扫描和处方。)”可知，圣
卢卡斯号与其他火车的不同之处在于它是政府资助的医疗火车，充当医院。因此选C。
29.推理判断题，第三段提到“Russia’s public health care service has been in serious need of modernization. The
government has struggled to come up with measures to address the problem, particularly in the poorer, rural areas
east of the Volga River, including arranging doctor's appointments by video chat and expanding financial aid
programs to motivate doctors to practice medicine in remote parts of the country like Krasnoyarsk. (俄罗斯的公共
卫生保健服务迫切需要现代化。政府一直在努力提出解决这一问题的措施，特别是在伏尔加河以东较贫穷
的农村地区，包括通过视频聊天安排医生预约，扩大财政援助计划，激励医生到克拉斯诺亚尔斯克等偏远
地区行医。) ”可以推断，Krasnoyarsk需要医疗援助，故选D。
30.细节理解题，根据第四段“For 10 months every year, the train stops at about eight stations over two weeks,
before returning to the regional capital to refuel and restock (补给). ”(每年有10个月，火车在两周内停靠大约
八个车站，然后返回地区首府进行补给和重新装货。) ”可知，圣卢卡斯号一份补给可以工作大约两周，故
选D。
31.推断判断题。根据最后一段的““I was very impressed by the doctors and their assistants working and living
in such little space but still staying focused and very concerned, ” says Ducke. “They were the best chance for
many rural people to get the treatment they want. ”(“医生和他们的助手在这么小的空间里工作和生活，但仍然
保持专注和非常关注，这给我留下了深刻的印象，”Ducke说。这是许多农村人获得他们想要的治疗的最
好机会。”)”可知，Ducke对Saint Lukas的服务持赞赏的态度，故选A。
3.（2024浙江1月卷）
The Stanford marshmallow (棉花糖) test was originally conducted by psychologist Walter Mischel in the late
1960s. Children aged four to six at a nursery school were placed in a room. A single sugary treat, selected by the
child, was placed on a table. Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be
given a second treat. Then they were left alone in the room. Follow-up studies with the children later in life showed
a connect ion between an ability to wait long enough to obtain a second treat and various forms of success.As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted (诱惑) by sugary treats, but
by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various
types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
We are tempted by sugary treats because our ancestors lived in a calorie-poor world, and our brains developed
a response mechanism to these treats that reflected their value — a feeling of reward and satisfaction. But as we’ve
reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have
the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to
resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
A similar process is at work in our response to information. Our formative environment as a species was
information-poor, so our brains developed a mechanism that prized new information. But global connectivity has
greatly changed our information environment. We are now ceaselessly bombarded (轰炸) with new information.
Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric consumption, we also need to be more
thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of the mental “junk food” in order to
manage our time most effectively.
32. What did the children need to do to get a second treat in Mischel’s test?
A. Take an examination alone.
B. Show respect for the researchers.
C. Share their treats with others.
D. Delay eating for fifteen minutes.
33. According to paragraph 3, there is a mismatch between ___________.
A. the calorie-poor world and our good appetites
B. the shortage of sugar and our nutritional needs
C. the rich food supply and our unchanged brains
D. the tempting foods and our efforts to keep fit
34. What does the author suggest readers do?
A. Absorb new information readily.
B. Be selective information consumers.
C. Use diverse information sources.
D. Protect the information environment.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Eat Less, Read More
B. The Bitter Truth about Early Humans
C. The Later, the Better
D. The Marshmallow Test for Grownups
【答案】32. D33. C34. B35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入
了太多精神“垃圾食品”，文章对此进行了介绍。32.细节理解题。根据第一段第四句“Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat,
they would be given a second treat.(每个孩子都被告知，如果他们在吃之前等待15分钟，他们将得到第二次
奖励。)”可知，在米歇尔的测试中，孩子们需要在吃之前等待15分钟才能得到第二次奖励。故选D。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“But as we’ve reshaped the world around us, dramatically reducing the
cost and effort involved in obtaining calories, we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago, and this
mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.(但
是，当我们重塑了我们周围的世界，大大减少了获取卡路里的成本和努力时，我们的大脑仍然和几千年前
一样，这种不匹配是我们这么多人努力抵抗我们知道不应该吃的诱人食物的核心原因。)”可知，根据第三
段可知，丰富的食物供应和我们不曾改变的大脑之间存在不匹配。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“Therefore, just as we need to be more thoughtful about our caloric
consumption, we also need to be more thoughtful about our information consumption, resisting the temptation of
the mental “junk food” in order to manage our time most effectively.(因此，就像我们需要更仔细地考虑我们的
热量消耗一样，我们也需要更仔细地考虑我们的信息消耗，抵制精神“垃圾食品”的诱惑，以便最有效地
管理我们的时间。)”可知，作者建议读者做有选择性的信息消费者。故选B。
35.主旨大意题。根据第二段“As adults we face a version of the marshmallow test every day. We’ re not tempted
(诱惑) by sugary treats, but by our computers, phones, and tablets — all the devices that connect us to the global
delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.(作为成年
人，我们每天都要面对棉花糖测试。诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有这
些将我们与全球信息传递系统连接起来的设备，它们对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一
样。)”可知，文章主要是讲在信息化时代我们作为成年人每天都在面对棉花糖测试，信息轰炸让我们摄入
了太多精神“垃圾食品”。故选D。
4.（2024新课标I卷）
In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have
collected billions of records. Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other
digital records. Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new
Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a
mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the
Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences. “These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes
from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species
are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”
Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested
how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like
the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”
said Daru.
Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.
Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species. This makes sense because thepeople who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their
encounters with species in areas nearby. These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-
catching features.
What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?
“Quite a lot,” Daru explained. “Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled
areas and lead them to places – and even species – that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of
observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their
uploaded image.”
32. What do we know about the records of species collected now?
A. They are becoming outdated. B. They are mostly in electronic form.
C. They are limited in number. D. They are used for public exhibition.
33. What does Daru’s study focus on?
A. Threatened species. B. Physical specimens.
C. Observational data. D. Mobile applications.
34. What has led to the biases according to the study?
A. Mistakes in data analysis. B. Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C. Improper way of sampling. D. Unreliable data collection devices.
35. What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?
A. Review data from certain areas. B. Hire experts to check the records.
C. Confirm the identity of the users. D. Give guidance to citizen scientists.
【答案】32. B 33. C 34. C 35. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏
见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and
other digital records. (今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可
知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。
33.细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical
specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding
to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而
且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段
““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the
greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,”
said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍
摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记
录的物种观察数据。故选C。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to
bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant insteadof the grass right next to it,” said Daru. (Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比
如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense
because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording
their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的
人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方
式的不当。故选C。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas
and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled. To improve the quality of observational
data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded
image. (生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不
足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们
上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。
5.（2024新课标I卷）
We all know fresh is best when it comes to food. However, most produce at the store went through weeks of
travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table. While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce
the journey, Babylon Micro-Farm (BMF) shortens it even more.
BMF is an indoor garden system. It can be set up for a family. Additionally, it could serve a larger audience
such as a hospital, restaurant or school. The innovative design requires little effort to achieve a reliable weekly
supply of fresh greens.
Specifically, it’s a farm that relies on new technology. By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely
monitored. Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is
automated, it significantly reduces the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil,
the system provides just the right amount to each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new
pre-seeded pod (容器) to get the next growth cycle started.
Moreover, having a system in the same building where it’s eaten means zero emissions ( 排放) from
transporting plants from soil to salad. In addition, there’s no need for pesticides and other chemicals that pollute
traditional farms and the surrounding environment.
BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside
the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic.
“We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee.
28. What can be learned about BMF from paragraph 1?
A. It guarantees the variety of food. B. It requires day-to-day care.
C. It cuts the farm-to-table distance. D. It relies on farmer’s markets.
29. What information does the convenient app offer?
A. Real-time weather changes. B. Current condition of the plants.
C. Chemical pollutants in the soil. D. Availability of pre-seeded pods.
30. What can be concluded about BMF employees?
A. They have a great passion for sports.B. They are devoted to community service.
C. They are fond of sharing daily experiences.
D They have a strong environmental awareness.
31. What does the text mainly talk about?
A. BMF’s major strengths. B. BMF’s general management.
C. BMF’s global influence. D. BMF’s technical standards.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输
距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-
Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至
缩短了旅程)”可知，巴比伦微型农场（BMF）进一步缩短了从农场到餐桌的距离。故选C。
29.细节理解题。根据第三段“Also, there is a convenient app that provides growing data in real time. (此外，还
有一个便捷的应用程序，可以实时提供增长数据)”可知，这个便捷的应用程序提供了植物生长的实时数
据。故选B。
30.推理判断题。根据最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their everyday lives. About half of
them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste reduction by limiting garbage
cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste, carbon and chemicals in our
environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。大约一半的人步行或骑自行
车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减少浪费。BMF的一名员工表
示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，BMF员工具有强烈的环保意识。故选D。
31.主旨大意题。根据第一段“While farmer’s markets are a solid choice to reduce the journey, Babylon Micro-
Farm (BMF) shortens it even more. (虽然农贸市场是减少旅程的可靠选择，但巴比伦微型农场（BMF）甚至
缩短了旅程)”、第三段“By connecting through the Cloud, BMF is remotely monitored. Also, there is a
convenient app that provides growing data in real time. Because the system is automated, it significantly reduces
the amount of water needed to grow plants. Rather than watering rows of soil, the system provides just the right
amount to each plant. (通过云连接，对BMF进行远程监控。此外，还有一个方便的应用程序可以实时提供
不断增长的数据。由于该系统是自动化的，因此大大减少了种植植物所需的水量。该系统不是给一排排土
壤浇水，而是为每株植物提供合适的水量)”以及最后一段“BMF employees live out sustainability in their
everyday lives. About half of them walk or bike to work. Inside the office, they encourage recycling and waste
reduction by limiting garbage cans and avoiding single-use plastic. “We are passionate about reducing waste,
carbon and chemicals in our environment,” said a BMF employee. (BMF 员工在日常生活中追求可持续发展。
大约一半的人步行或骑自行车上班。在办公室里，他们通过限制垃圾桶和避免一次性塑料来鼓励回收和减
少浪费。BMF的一名员工表示：“我们热衷于减少环境中的废物、碳和化学品。”)”可知，文章主要介绍
了巴比伦微农场（BMF）的一些主要优势，包括减少食物运输距离、通过云技术远程监控、自动化系统节
约水资源、减少化学污染、以及员工的环保生活方式等。故选A。6.（2024全国甲卷）
Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all animals have distinct vocals (声
音)that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter. But cats are
special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills. They are able to have entire conversations with humans
using meows and you're able to interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep meowing to attract attention and find
food. However, when a cat is looking for affection, they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. Meowing starts
as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother's attention and be fed.
Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive. They use their noses to assess
their environment and look out for any signs of danger. They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place
to relax. However, another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.
Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.
That's why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don't
usually like.
Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavior up a notch. Many cats will find
random objects outside and bring them to their owners. This is a very old habit that's been present in all kinds of
predators (食肉动物). Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you. These adorable little hunters are just
doing something that it's been in their nature since the beginning of time. So just go along with it!
24. What can be learned about cats' meowing from the first paragraph?
A. It's a survival skill. B. It's taught by mother cats.
C. It's hard to interpret. D. It's getting louder with age.
25. How does a pet cat assess different situations?
A. By listening for sounds. B. By touching familiar objects.
C. By checking on smells. D. By communicating with other cats.
26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3?
A. Perform appropriately. B. Move faster.
C. Act strangely. D. Do better.
27. What is a suitable title for the text?
A. Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B. Understanding Your Cat's Behavior
C. Have Fun with Your Cat D. How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【答案】24. A 25. C 26. D 27. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了猫通过叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物来表达需求、评估环境和展示
爱意。
24.细节理解题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways. For instance, almost all
animals have distinct vocals (声音) that they rely on to either ask for help, scare away any dangerous animals or
look for shelter. (动物可以用很多方式来表达他们的需求。例如，几乎所有的动物都有独特的声音，它们依
靠这些声音来寻求帮助，吓跑危险的动物或寻找庇护。)”和“Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought
to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed. (猫宝宝一出生就开始喵喵叫，喵喵叫是为了引起妈妈的注意和被喂食。)”可知，猫叫声是一种生存技能。故选A。
25.细节理解题。根据第二段“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense of smell is quite impressive.
They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger. (猫有许多敏锐的感官，但
它们的嗅觉令人印象深刻。它们用鼻子来评估周围的环境，寻找任何危险的迹象。)”可知，宠物猫通过检
查气味来评估不同情况。故选C。
26.词句猜测题。根据第三段划线词前半句“Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit, (狗以其令人
印象深刻的抓取习惯而闻名)”和后句“Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their
owners. (许多猫会在外面随意找到一些东西，并把它们带给主人。)”可知，狗以取回东西而闻名，但猫可
以从外边找到东西带回来，因此在这一行为上更上一层楼。短语 take ... up a notch是用来形容猫在带回东
西这一行为上做得更好或更出色。故选D。
27.主旨大意题。根据第一段“Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.( 动物可以用很多方式来表
达他们的需求。)”及全文可知，文章都在介绍和解释猫的各种行为方式，包括叫声、嗅觉和带回礼物的习
惯，以及这些行为背后的原因和意义。所以“Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior(了解你的猫的行为)”作文文
章标题最为合适。故选B。
7.（2024浙江1月卷）
On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (花暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs. As a
result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2million per year on the Alberta Hail
Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain
before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project
flights — worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years
“Basically, the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area
from hail,” Mr. Stienwan d says, “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification
Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot
be cousing drought.” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating
wetter ground.”
One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the
University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell
in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one
really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”
Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice,
doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded
in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative
legal safety.
28. What does the project aim to do?
A. Conserve moisture in the soil.
B. Prevent the formation of hailstones.C. Forecast disastrous hailstorms.
D. Investigate chemical use in farming.
29. Who are opposed to the project?
A. Farmers in east-central Alberta.
B. Managers of insurance companies.
C. Provincial government officials.
D. Residents of Calgary and Edmonton
30. Why does Dr. Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999?
A. To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B. To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C. To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D. To show the link between storms and moisture.
31. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B. Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C. The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D. Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
【答案】28. B29. A30. C31. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加
里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机
在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是，在艾伯
塔省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about
$2million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical
to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.(因此，自1996年以来，一
组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴中心中播撒一种化学
物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下)”可知，这个项目的目标是防止冰雹的形成。故选 B
项。
29.细节理解题。根据第一段中“But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights —
worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.(但是，在艾伯塔
省中东部的农民们担心，“冰雹计划”飞行的下风处，宝贵的水分正被人工降雨从他们干渴的土地上偷
走)”可知，艾伯塔省中东部的农民反对这个项目。故选A项。
30.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research
scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷
风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas,” Dr. Doswell says. “Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce
moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”(查克·多斯韦尔是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我在堪萨斯州亲眼目睹了
由种子风暴细胞形成的重大龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水
分？当然，没有人真正知道，但是播种还在继续。”)”可推知，多斯韦尔博士提到他在1999年看到的龙卷
风是为了提示人工降雨可能带来的危险。故选C项。
31.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop
cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their
impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate
engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.(考虑到质疑的程度，斯廷旺德建议，“停止人工降雨是明智
的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工
降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行)”可推知，从最后一段我们能推
断出人工降雨公司将继续存在。故选D项。
8.（2023新课标II卷）
As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban areas is becoming harder to find. If
you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual to find places in a city that are
relatively wild.
Past research has found health and wellness benefits of nature for humans, but a new study shows that
wildness in urban areas is extremely important for human well-being.
The research team focused on a large urban park. They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to
submit a written summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then
examined these submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. For example, one participant’s
experience of “We sat and listened to the waves at the beach for a while” was assigned the categories “sitting at
beach” and “listening to waves.”
Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language” began to emerge.
After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to visitors. These
include encountering wildlife, walking along the edge of water, and following an established trail.
Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helps people recognize and take part in the
activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the experience of walking along the edge
of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in the park. Back downtown during a
workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking along a fountain on their lunch break.
“We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature interactions back into our daily lives.
And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior
author of the study.
12. What phenomenon does the author describe at the beginning of the text?
A. Pocket parks are now popular.
B. Wild nature is hard to find in cities.
C. Many cities are overpopulated.
D. People enjoy living close to nature.
13. Why did the researchers code participant submissions into categories?A. To compare different types of park-goers.
B. To explain why the park attracts tourists.
C. To analyze the main features of the park.
D. To find patterns in the visitors’ summaries.
14. What can we learn from the example given in paragraph 5?
A. Walking is the best way to gain access to nature.
B. Young people are too busy to interact with nature.
C. The same nature experience takes different forms.
D. The nature language enhances work performance.
15. What should be done before we can interact with nature according to Kahn?
A. Language study.
B. Environmental conservation.
C. Public education.
D. Intercultural communication.
【答案】12. B13. D14. C15. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。城市化让人们越来越难以接触到自然，但一项新研究发现城市中的野生自然
对人类健康和幸福感具有重要影响。研究团队对一座大型城市公园的游客进行调查，发现与野生自然的互
动可以创造出一种可用的语言，帮助人们认识和参与最令人满意和有意义的活动。该研究呼吁保护城市中
的野生自然。
12.细节理解题。根据第一段内容“As cities balloon with growth, access to nature for people living in urban
areas is becoming harder to find. If you’re lucky, there might be a pocket park near where you live, but it’s unusual
to find places in a city that are relatively wild.(随着城市的飞速发展，生活在城市地区的人们越来越难以接近
大自然。如果你幸运的话，你住的地方附近可能会有一个袖珍公园，但在城市里找到相对天然的地方是罕
见的)”可知，文章开头作者讲述了一种现象，在城市里，人们很难找到野生的自然。故选B。
13.推理判断题。根据第三段的“They surveyed several hundred park-goers, asking them to submit a written
summary online of a meaningful interaction they had with nature in the park. The researchers then examined these
submissions, coding (编码) experiences into different categories. (他们调查了数百名公园游客，要求他们在网
上提交一份书面总结，描述他们在公园里与大自然有意义的互动。然后，研究人员检查了这些提交的信
息，将体验分为不同的类别)”可知，研究人员按照公园游客提交的在公园里与大自然互动的活动把游客分
类，再根据第四段“Across the 320 submissions, a pattern of categories the researchers call a “nature language”
began to emerge. After the coding of all submissions, half a dozen categories were noted most often as important to
visitors. (在这320份提交的作品中，一种被研究人员称为“自然语言”的分类模式开始出现。在对所有提
交的内容进行编码后，有六个类别被认为对游客最重要)”可知，研究人员对参与者提交的内容进行了分
类，以便在游客的总结中找到模式，并确定对游客最重要的自然体验。通过这样做，他们能够创造一种
“自然语言”，帮助人们认识并参与对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动。选项D准确地反映了这一目
的。故选D。
14.推理判断题。根据第五段内容“Naming each nature experience creates a usable language, which helpspeople recognize and take part in the activities that are most satisfying and meaningful to them. For example, the
experience of walking along the edge of water might be satisfying for a young professional on a weekend hike in
the park. Back downtown during a workday, they can enjoy a more domestic form of this interaction by walking
along a fountain on their lunch break. (命名每一种自然体验创造了一种可用的语言，这有助于人们认识并参
与到对他们来说最满意和最有意义的活动中。例如，沿着水边散步的经历可能会让一个年轻的专业人士在
周末去公园徒步旅行时感到满意。在工作日回到市中心，他们可以在午休时沿着喷泉散步，享受一种更居
家的互动方式)”可知，本段讲述了自然体验创造一种可用的语言，有助于人们识别并参与对自己来说最满
意最有意义的活动，接下来以一个年轻的专业人士参与自然的方式举例说明，去公园时沿着水边散步让他
感到满意，回到市中心工作时他可以通过沿着喷泉散步获得满足。因此推知，从第五段的例子中我们可以
知道一样的自然体验可以呈现不同的形式。故选C。
15.推理判断题。根据最后一段““We’re trying to generate a language that helps bring the human-nature
interactions back into our daily lives. And for that to happen, we also need to protect nature so that we can interact
with it,” said Peter Kahn, a senior author of the study. (“我们正试图创造一种语言，帮助将人类与自然的互动
带回我们的日常生活中。要做到这一点，我们还需要保护自然，这样我们才能与它互动，”该研究的资深
作者彼得·卡恩说。)”可推断，彼得·卡恩认为在我们与大自然互动之前我们应该先要保护自然。故选B。
9.（2023全国甲卷）
Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg, occupy a conflicted corner of the
American psyche-we revere (敬畏) them even as they give us frightening dreams. Ask the tourists from around the
world that flood into Yellowstone National Park what they most hope to see, and their answer is often the same: a
grizzly bear.
“Grizzly bears are re-occupying large areas of their former range,” says bear biologist Chris Servheen. As
grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly
being sighted by humans.
The western half of the U.S. was full of grizzlies when Europeans came, with a rough number of 50,000 or
more living alongside Native Americans. By the early 1970s, after centuries of cruel and continuous hunting by
settlers, 600 to 800 grizzlies remained on a mere 2 percent of their former range in the Northern Rockies. In 1975,
grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery has been so successful that the
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would loosen legal protections and
allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from conservation groups. For now, grizzlies
remain listed.
Obviously, if precautions (预防) aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome, sometimes killing farm
animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants from their yards and
campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around chicken houses and other
farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to have a clean, attractant-free
place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel, longtime biologist who
manages bears in and around Missoula.32. How do Americans look at grizzlies?
A. They cause mixed feelings in people.
B. They should be kept in national parks.
C. They are of high scientific value.
D. They are a symbol of American culture.
33. What has helped the increase of the grizzly population?
A. The European settlers’ behavior.
B. The expansion of bears’ range.
C. The protection by law since 1975.
D. The support of Native Americans.
34. What has stopped the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service from delisting grizzlies?
A. The opposition of conservation groups.
B. The successful comeback of grizzlies.
C. The voice of the biologists.
D. The local farmers’ advocates.
35. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. Food should be provided for grizzlies.
B. People can live in harmony with grizzlies.
C. A special path should be built for grizzlies.
D. Technology can be introduced to protect grizzlies.
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文，讲述了美国灰熊从濒危物种恢复到2000多头，但也带来了一些问题。
32.细节理解题。根据第一段中“Grizzly bears, which may grow to about 2.5 m long and weigh over 400 kg,
occupy a conflicted corner of the American psyche-we revere them even as they give us frightening dreams. (灰熊
可以长到2.5米长，体重超过400公斤，在美国人的心理中占据着一个矛盾的角落——即使它们给我们带
来可怕的梦，我们也敬畏它们)”可知，美国人对灰熊既有害怕，又有敬畏，他们的情感是混合的。故选A
项。
33.推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“In 1975, grizzlies were listed under the Endangered Species Act. (1975
年，灰熊被列入《濒危物种法》)”以及第四段“Today, there are about 2, 000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S.
Their recovery has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies,
which would loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。
它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊
的法律保护，允许它们被猎杀)”可推知，由于1975年起受法律保护，灰熊的数量有了增长。故选C项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段中“Today, there are about 2,000 or more grizzly bears in the U.S. Their recovery
has been so successful that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has twice attempted to delist grizzlies, which would
loosen legal protections and allow them to be hunted. Both efforts were overturned due to lawsuits from
conservation groups. For now, grizzlies remain listed. (如今，美国大约有2,000只或更多的灰熊。它们的恢复非常成功，以至于美国鱼类和野生动物管理局两次试图将灰熊从名单上除名，这将放松对灰熊的法律保
护，允许它们被猎杀。由于环保组织的诉讼，这两项努力都被推翻了。目前，灰熊仍在名单上)”可知，是
环保组织的的反对阻止了美国鱼类和野生动物管理局将灰熊从濒危物种名单上除名。故选A项。
35.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Obviously, if precautions aren’t taken, grizzlies can become troublesome,
sometimes killing farm animals or walking through yards in search of food. If people remove food and attractants
from their yards and campsites, grizzlies will typically pass by without trouble. Putting electric fencing around
chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also highly effective at getting grizzlies away. “Our hope is to
have a clean, attractant-free place where bears can pass through without learning bad habits,“ says James Jonkel,
longtime biologist who manages bears in and around Missoula. (显然，如果不采取预防措施，灰熊会变得很麻
烦，有时会杀死农场动物，或者在院子里寻找食物。如果人们把食物和引诱剂从他们的院子和露营地移
走，灰熊通常会安然通过。在鸡舍和其他农场动物生活区周围设置电动围栏也能有效地赶走灰熊。“我们
希望有一个干净，没有诱饵的地方，熊可以通过，而不会养成坏习惯，”詹姆斯·琼克尔说，他是一位长期
管理米苏拉及其周围熊的生物学家)”可推知，灰熊数量增长，虽然会带来一些麻烦，但是如果采取一些预
防措施，人和灰熊可以和谐相处。故选B项。
10.（2023浙江1月卷）
According to the Solar Energy Industry Association, the number of solar panels installed(安装)has grown
rapidly in the past decade, and it has to grow even faster to meet climate goals. But all of that growth will take up a
lot of space, and though more and more people accept the concept of solar energy, few like large solar panels to be
installed near them.
Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much
thought to what they put under them. Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to
control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of
the soil.
“Solar projects need to be good neighbors,” says Jordan Macknick, the head of the Innovative Site Preparation
and Impact Reductions on the Environment(InSPIRE)project. “They need to be protectors of the land and
contribute to the agricultural economy.” InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land. One of the
easiest low-impact solar strategies is providing habitat for pollinators(传粉昆虫).
Habitat loss, pesticide use, and climate change have caused dramatic declines in pollinator populations over
the past couple of decades, which has damaged the U.S. agricultural economy. Over 28 states have passed laws
related to pollinator habitat protection and pesticide use. Conservation organizations put out pollinator-friendliness
guidelines for home gardens, businesses, schools, cities—and now there are guidelines for solar farms.
Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the space under their solar panels into
a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and carbon reduction. “These pollinator-
friendly solar farms can have a valuable impact on everything that’s going on in the landscape,” says Macknick.
32. What do solar developers often ignore?
A. The decline in the demand for solar energy.
B. The negative impact of installing solar panels.C. The rising labor cost of building solar farms.
D. The most recent advances in solar technology.
33. What does InSPIRE aim to do?
A. Improve the productivity of local farms.
B. Invent new methods for controlling weeds.
C. Make solar projects environmentally friendly.
D. Promote the use of solar energy in rural areas.
34. What is the purpose of the laws mentioned in paragraph 4?
A. To conserve pollinators. B. To restrict solar development.
C. To diversify the economy. D. To ensure the supply of energy.
35. Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Pollinators: To Leave or to Stay B. Solar Energy: Hope for the Future
C. InSPIRE: A Leader in Agriculture D. Solar Farms: A New Development
【答案】32. B33. C34. A35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍的是用一种更加友好的方式建立一种新型的太阳能农场，这种新型的农
场更有利于保护各种传粉昆虫，从而促进农业的发展。
32.推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Often, they’ll end up filling the area with small stones and using chemicals to
control weeds. The result is that many communities, especially in farming regions, see solar farms as destroyers of
the soil.(通常，他们最终会用小石头填满该地区，并使用化学物质来控制杂草。结果是，许多社区，特别
是在农业地区，将太阳能农场视为土壤的破坏者。)”可知，太阳能开发者采用不环保的方式处理太阳能板
安装后产生的问题，导致人们把太阳能农场看作是土壤的破坏者，由此可以推断，开发者在安装太阳能板
后忽略了其带来的负面影响。故选B项。
33.细节理解题。根据第三段中的“InSPIRE is investigating practical approaches to “low-impact” solar
development, which focuses on establishing and operating solar farms in a way that is kinder to the land.(InSPIRE
正在研究“低影响”太阳能开发的实用方法，其重点是以对土地更友好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场。)”
可知，InSPIRE采用有好的方式建立和运营太阳能农场，也就是使得太阳能农场更加环保。故选C项。
34.细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Over 28 states have passed laws related to pollinator habitat protection and
pesticide use.(超过28个州通过了与传粉媒介栖息地保护和农药使用有关的法律。)”可知，这些法律都是与
保护传粉者栖息地和农药使用相关，所以这些法律的目的是保护授粉者。故选A项。
35.主旨大意题。根据最后一段中的“Over the past few years, many solar farm developers have transformed the
space under their solar panels into a shelter for various kinds of pollinators, resulting in soil improvement and
carbon reduction.(在过去的几年里，许多太阳能农场开发商将太阳能电池板下的空间改造成各种传粉媒介的
庇护所，从而改善了土壤并减少了碳排放。)”可知，现在的太阳能农场在过去的几年里已经得到了很大的
发展，更重要的是太阳能农场也变得更加的环保，这将是未来发展农业的新趋势，再结合全文对太阳农场
的发展过程的介绍可以判断，本文主题是介绍太阳能农场。故选D项。
