文档内容
热点 10 完形填空说明文
说明文完形填空考查考生通篇把握全文，根据上下文的逻辑关系，综合运用所学语言基
础知识，进行分析﹑推理﹑判断的能力和语篇分析理解能力。检测考生在阅读理解的基础上
对英语语言知识综合运用的能力。
说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、
关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
1．利用说明文首句，明确说明对象
2．关注内在联系，把握说明顺序
常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关系、果因关系、先主后次等)
和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、由局部到整体、由现象到本质、由具体到抽象等)。
3．逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项
对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定式”，根据全文大意和文不离句、句不离文的
原则逐项选择。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意从上下文意义、惯用法、
固定搭配、逻辑推理、常识等角度去考虑和判断，并注意其内在联系。
常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍(传记)、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方
法(步骤)介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告、新闻报道等。
真题链接【2022年全国乙卷】
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s
something highly exciting about ___41___ someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to
be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably ___42___ at hiding. They
often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies ___43___.
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was ___44___ as evidence that children are
hopelessly “egocentric” (自我中心的) creatures. But our ___45___ research results in child
developmental psychology ___46___ that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each
___47___ sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or ___48___. We then asked the
child if she could ___49___ or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t.
The same ____50____ happened when the adult covered her own mouth: ____51____ children
said that they couldn’t ____52____ to her.
A number of ____53____ ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being
asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects ____54____ the questions and knew
____55____ what was asked of them. Their ____56____ to the questions reflected their true
____57____ that “I can see you only if you can see me, too.” They simply ____58____ mutual
(相互的) recognition and regard. Our ____59____ suggest when a child “hides” by putting a
blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method
____60____ when others use it.
41. A. following B. taking C. escaping D. directing
42. A. clever B. bad C. scared D. quick
43. A. exposed B. examined C. untouched D.imbalanced
44. A. supported B. guaranteed C. imagined D. interpreted
45. A. disappointing B. mixed C. surprising D. desired
46. A. explained B. confirmed C. contradicted D. tested
47. A. parent B. child C. researcher D. doctor
48. A. feet B. nose C. hands D. ears
49. A. see B. help C. reach D. fool
50. A. event B. thing C. action D. accident
51. A. Yet B. Now C. Soon D. Once
52. A. speak B. listen C. turn D. wave
53. A. instructions B. descriptions C. experiments D.assumptions
54. A. comprehended B. predicted C. explored D. ignored
55. A. partly B. honestly C. vaguely D. exactly
56. A. responses B. approaches C. contribution D. sensitivity57. A. ability B. belief C. identity D. purpose
58. A. hold back B. relate to C. insist on D. make up
59. A. limitations B. requirements C. theories D. findings
60. A. tentative B. impressive C. creative D. effective
(2019·全国卷III)
The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get
direct sunlight from late September to mid-March- ___41___ six months out of the year.
Of course, we ___42___ it when the sun is shining," says Karin Ro, who works for the
town’s tourism office. “We see the sky is ___43___, but down in the valley it’s darker — it’s like
on a ___44___ day.”
But that ___45___ when a system of high-tech ___46___ was introduced to reflect sunlight
from neighboring peaks(山峰)into the valley below. Wednesday, residents(居民)of Rjukan
___47___ their very first ray of winter sunshine: A row of reflective boards on a nearby
mountainside were put to ___48___. The mirrors are controlled by a computer that ___49___
them to turn along with the sun throughout the ___50___ and to close during windy weather.
They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central ___51___, creating an area
of sunlight roughly 600 square meters. When the light ___52___, Rjukan residents gathered
together.
“People have been ___53___ there and standing there and taking ___54___ of each other,"
Ro says. "The town square was totally ___55___. I think almost all the people in the town were
there. "The 3,500 residents cannot all ___56___ the sunshine at the same time. ___57___, the
new light feels like more than enough for the town’s ___58___ residents.
"It's not very ___59___,” she says, "but it is enough when we are ___60___.”
41. A. only B. obviously C. nearly D. precisely
42. A. fear B. believe C. hear D. notice
43. A. empty B. blue C. high D. wide
44. A. cloudy B. normal C. different D. warm
45. A. helped B. changed C. happened D. mattered
46. A. computers B. telescopes C. mirrors D. cameras
47. A. remembered B. forecasted C. received D. imagined
48. A. repair B. risk C. rest D. use
49. A. forbids B. directs C. predicts D. follows
50. A. day B. night C. month D. year
51. A. library B. hall C. square D. street
52. A. appeared B. returned C. faded D. stopped
53. A. driving B. hiding C. camping D. siting
54. A. pictures B. notes C. care D. hold
55. A. new B. full C. flat D. silent56. A. block B. avoid C. enjoy D. store
57. A. Instead B. However C. Gradually D. Similarly
58. A. nature-loving B. energy-saving C. weather-beaten D. sun-starved
59. A. big B. clear C. cold D. easy
60. A. trying B. waiting C. watching D. sharing
(2015年，安徽卷）
In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The
1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are
throwing out more rubbish than ever before.
How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object
than to spend time and money to repair it. 5 modern manufacturing (制造业)and technology,
companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6
.
Another cause is our 7 of disposable (一次性的) products. As 8 people, we are always
looking for 9 to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10 thousands of
different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.
Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new
things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the
latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.
All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of
rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17
, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve
(解决) our problem.
Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them
away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and
changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care
of our environment.
1.A.key B.reason C.project D.problem
2.A.gifts B.rubbish C.debt D.products
3.A.face B.become C.observe D.change
4.A.hide B.control C.replace D.withdraw
5.A.Thanks to B.As to C.Except for D.Regardless of
6.A.safe B.funny C.cheap D.powerful
7.A.love B.lack C.prevention D.division
8.A.sensitive B.kind C.brave D.busy
9.A.ways B.places C.jobs D.friends
10.A.donate B.receive C.produce D.preserve
11.A.adapts B.returns C.responds D.contributes12.A.tired of B.addicted to C.worried about D.ashamed for
13.A.newer B.stronger C.higher D.larger
14.A.pick up B.pay for C.hold onto D.throw away
15.A.advantages B.purposes C.functions D.consequences
16.A.show B.record C.decrease D.measure
17.A.technology B.environment C.consumers D.brands
18.A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Meanwhile
19.A.by B.in favour of C.after D.instead of
20.A.spending B.collecting C.repairing D.advertising
热点练
【2020届广东省深圳外国语学校高三4月综合能力测试】
There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most
widely accepted today is based on the 21 that drama evolved from ritual( 宗教仪式). The
argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings 22 the natural
forces of the world -even the seasonal changes-as unpredictable, and they sought through various
means to 23 these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to
24 the desired results were then kept and repeated until they changed into 25 rituals.
26 stories arose which explained or masked the mysteries of the rituals. As times passed,
some rituals were 27 , but the stories, later called myths, continued to exist and provided
material for art and drama.
Those who believed that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rituals contained
the 28 of theatre because music, dance, masks, and 29 were almost always used.
30 , a suitable site had to be provided for performances and 31 the entire community did
not participate, a(n) 32 division was usually made between the “area of acting” and the
“area in which an audience sits”. Besides, there were performers, and, since considerable
importance was 33 to avoiding mistakes in the practice of rituals, religious leaders usually
34 that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often imitated (模仿) other people, animals,
or supernatural beings, and mimed (用哑剧表演出) the 35 effect―success in hunt or
battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun- 36 an actor might. Eventually such
dramatic representatives were separated from 37 activities.
Another theory traces the theater’s origin from the human interest in 38 . According
to this view, tales about the hunt, war or other things are told and gradually spread. 39
through the use of action and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of
the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are
primarily gymnastic or that are 40 of animal movements and sounds.
21．A．background B．assumption C．evidence D．theory22．A．viewed B．employed C．clarified D．dismissed
23．A．take B．possess C．guarantee D．control
24．A．start B．show C．bring D．continue
25．A．usual B．direct C．convincing D．fixed
26．A．Apparently B．Actually C．Eventually D．Naturally
27．A．spread B．abandoned C．followed D．celebrated
28．A．seed B．content C．myth D．history
29．A．costumes B．routines C．instructions D．performances
30．A．As a resultB．In fact C．On the contrary D．In addition
31．A．when B．how C．unless D．while
32．A．deep B．equal C．clear D．extra
33．A．attached B．related C．committed D．tied
34．A．put up B．took up C．took on D．put on
35．A．unexpected B．unpredicted C．prepared D．desired
36．A．whenever B．as C．whatever D．so
37．A．social B．political C．economic D．religious
38．A．accounts B．story-telling C．descriptions D．drama-writing
39．A．at that timeB．at a time C．at first D．at once
40．A．imitations B．creatures C．presentations D．exhibitions
（2020·麻城市实验高级中学高三三模）
Nowadays, many of us track our steps with smart watches, pedometers (计步器) or phone
apps and are of course thrilled when we reach that all-important daily goal of 10,000 steps. You
might 41 that this number has appeared after years of research.
The 42 number ''10,000'' dates back to a marketing campaign 43 shortly before
the start of the1964 Tokyo Olympic Games. A company began 44 a pedometer called the
Manpo-kei: ''man'' meaning 10,000, ''po'' meaning 45 and ''kei'' meaning meter. It was
hugely 46 and the number seems to have stuck. Many buyers are appealed by the new
device.
Since then, studies have 47 the health benefits of 5,000 with 10,000 steps and, not
48 ，the higher number is better. But until recently, all the 49 between hadn’t been
studied. I-Min Lee, a professor of 50 at Harvard Medical School, and her team 51 a
group of more than 16,000 women in their seventies. Each woman spent a week 52 a device
to measure movement during 53 hours. When they 54 the women up an average of
four years and three months later, 504 died. How many steps do you think the people alive had
been doing? In fact, the average number for 55 was only 5,500 but not 10,000. Women who
took more than 4,000 steps a 56 were significantly more likely to still be alive than thosewho did only 2,700 steps. It's surprising that such a small 57 could have consequences for
longevity (寿命).
However, physical conditions 58 from person to person, and we should do it wisely. So
count if you find it 59 you, but remember there’s nothing special about 10,000 steps. Set
the goal that is 60 for you.
41．A．assume B．admit C．acquire D．afford
42．A．delicate B．ordinary C．abstract D．magic
43．A．recommendedB．launched C．stated D．commanded
44．A．marketing B．purchasing C．manufacturing D．donating
45．A．walkers B．runners C．steps D．numbers
46．A．thoughtful B．successful C．plentiful D．powerful
47．A．identified B．displayed C．compared D．compromised
48．A．excitingly B．disappointinglyC．amusingly D．surprisingly
49．A．signs B．strengths C．symbols D．numbers
50．A．psychology B．mathematics C．medicine D．philosophy
51．A．focused on B．took part in C．got along with D．thought highly of
52．A．associatingB．wearing C．undertaking D．claiming
53．A．walking B．sleeping C．running D．shaking
54．A．remarked B．distinguished C．acquainted D．tracked
55．A．women B．deaths C．survivors D．people
56．A．day B．hour C．month D．week
57．A．distance B．growth C．decrease D．difference
58．A．separate B．reflect C．vary D．recover
59．A．distracts B．motivates C．indicates D．accumulates
60．A．challengingB．appropriate C．beneficial D．creative
（2020·浙江省高三一模）
Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住)
customers. It sounds 61 and achievable. But, 62 , words of wisdom are soon
forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often 63 the second half of the
story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and
delivering the product, managers tend to become 64 . They forget what they regard as the
boring side of business— 65 that the customer remains a customer.
66 to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge
amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and
30 percent of its customers every year. In constantly changing 67 , this is not surprising.What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any 68 how many customers they
have lost.
Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the
69 implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big
70 in its performance. Research in the US found that a five percent decrease in the number of
defecting (流失的) customers led to 71 increases of between 25 and 85 percent.
In the US, Domino’s Pizza estimates that a 72 customer is worth more than $5,000
over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and
73 never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in 74 profits (more if
you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).
The logic behind cultivating customer 75 is impossible to deny. “In practice most
companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to 76
them”, says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University’ School of Management. “Research suggests
that there is a 77 relationship between retaining customers and making profits. 78
customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers.
Furthermore, they tend to be less price 79 , and may provide free word-of-mouth
advertising. Retaining customers also makes it 80 for competitors to enter a market or
increase their share of a market.
61．A．simple B．difficult C．tough D．complicated
62．A．in particularB．in reality C．at least D．first of all
63．A．emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe
64．A．carried away B．carried backC．carried on D．carried through
65．A．denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving
66．A．Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing
67．A．markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses
68．A．thought B．idea C．opinion D．view
69．A．culture B．social C．financial D．economical
70．A．promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference
71．A．cost B．opportunity C．profit D．budget
72．A．usual B．ordinary C．common D．regular
73．A．as a resultB．on the whole C．in conclusion D．on the contrary
74．A．huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable
75．A．beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest
76．A．altering B．understanding C．keeping D．attracting
77．A．close B．distant C．deep D．shallow
78．A．Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected
79．A．agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive80．A．unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient
（2020·江苏省高三三模）
请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Canadian smart－phone maker Research In Motion(RIM), which makes the BlackBerry, says
it's back. The company is 81 to reclaim a market it once dominated by 82 two
new devices. The last few years have been a painful time for the company as customers deserted
its platform in 83 of newer and more 84 devices. This may be the company's last
chance to 85 a vital player in an increasingly crowded market place.
Two brand new devices are perhaps a fresh 86 for a company that has seen its global
market share 87 from 20 percent three years ago to just over 3 percent today.
For BlackBerry CEO Thorsten Heins, it's another chance to remake a faded 88 . “We
have 89 been on a journey of transformation, not only a journey to transform our business
and our brand, 90 one that I truly 91 transforms mobile communications into true
mobile computing，” he said.
The company promises the same 92 level of network security the BlackBerry is
known for, 93 a fast new browser and a more intuitive operating system. The Z10 94
much like the touch－screen phones popularized by its competitors(竞争者), but the Q10
maintains the “qwerty” keyboard that has become BlackBerry's trademark.
Besides the technical and cosmetic(外观上的) updates, Heins says the company will no
longer be called RIM or Research In Motion.
“Our customers use a BlackBerry, our 95 work for BlackBerry and our shareholders
are owners of BlackBerry. From today on, we are BlackBerry 96 in the world，” he
said.
Shareholders will be watching if customers 97 the new devices. The company's
stock has dropped as much as 90 percent in the last four years as it lost 98 to competitors.
But company shares have doubled in the last four months as anticipation(预期) 99 for the
new models.
Analysts say the new devices could make or 100 a company, which many people
praise for starting the technological revolution in smart－phones.
81．A．refusing B．trying C．urging D．pretending
82．A．introducingB．reviewing C．rejecting D．discovering
83．A．favor B．charge C．honor D．defense
84．A．popular B．expensive C．complicated D．familiar
85．A．replace B．react C．remain D．reset
86．A．record B．dilemma C．end D．start
87．A．lose B．increase C．rise D．fall
88．A．brand B．trade C．technique D．phone89．A．specially B．definitely C．doubtfully D．essentially
90．A．and B．or C．but D．so
91．A．agree B．believe C．suspect D．deny
92．A．high B．average C．backward D．normal
93．A．except for B．regardless of C．despite D．along with
94．A．sounds B．smells C．looks D．finds
95．A．employees B．consumers C．relatives D．competitors
96．A．however B．whenever C．nowhere D．everywhere
97．A．adapt B．adjust C．adopt D．advocate
98．A．land B．ground C．soil D．earth
99．A．dropped B．changed C．remained D．grew
100．A．desert B．abandon C．break D．deny
（2020·广东省高三一模）
For centuries, Beijing has been one of China's most important cities. 1 a place for
emperors and officials, today it is an international city and a popular tourist 2 . People from
all over the country are moving to Beijing to 3 jobs and opportunities as this exciting city
is a place where dreams can come true. Throughout the city, 4 dressed business people
5 for their offices, mobile phones held to their ears and visitors can only watch and imagine
the deals and 6 being made at that very second.
Beijing's streets provide a fascinating 7 of the past and the present. In tea houses,
groups of old men play chess 8 the Macdonald's next door is filled with laughing
teenagers sipping milkshakes. Walking through the broad streets 9 with designer stores
and multi-storey skyscrapers, you can 10 a turn and suddenly find yourself in a century’s
old 11 where a fruit seller chats happily to an old woman sitting in the sun. Many of the
road signs and advertising billboards are now in 12 , making Beijing more 13 to
foreigners. Public transport is efficient, new businesses are 14 , and every modern
convenience and international brand is 15 in this booming global city.
Beijing has some of China's most stunning 16 . Visitors often come to Beijing with
the single 17 to see the Great Wall, one of the ancient wonders of the world, but once
they’ve arrived, they realize that this is only one of the city's 18 . In fact, what visitors ever
seem to only 19 about Beijing, is that they simply 20 time before seeing it all.
1．A．Separately B．Importantly C．Originally D．Specially
2．A．place B．destination C．scenery D．feast
3．A．search for B．look into C．race with D．struggle against
4．A．casually B．seriously C．smartly D．traditionally
5．A．call B．work C．advertise D．head
6．A．benefits B．fortunes C．calls D．appointments7．A．development B．description C．introduction D．mix
8．A．while B．when C．as D．although
9．A．filled B．accompanied C．lined D．equipped
10．A．take B．cross C．find D．face
11．A．shop B．square C．house D．lane
12．A．English B．Chinese C．sight D．order
13．A．attractive B．impressive C．unforgettable D．accessible
14．A．changing B．growing C．trading D．declining
15．A．affordable B．beneficial C．available D．significant
16．A．sights B．traditions C．events D．records
17．A．advantage B．desire C．benefit D．routine
18．A．descriptionsB．attractions C．possessions D．marks
19．A．enjoy B．travel C．complain D．praise
20．A．take up B．get rid of C．make use of D．run out of
（2020·天津市第一百中学高三月考）
NASA scientists have found evidence of flowing water on Mars. This opens up the
possibility of 36 and wonders we can’t begin to imagine. The 37 undoubtedly is an
astonishing achievement.
We may be excited by the thought of living things on another 38 , but we seem to
have lost 39 in our own. In the past four decades, the world has 40 50% of its
vertebrate( 脊 椎 )wildlife. But across the latter half of this period, there has been a steep 41
in media coverage (报道)of the subject.
Think of what would change if we valued 42 on the earth as much as we value the
possibility water on Mars. 43 3% of the water on this planet is fresh and of that, two-
thirds is frozen. Yet we lay waste to the 44 part. Sixty percent of the water used in
farming is 45 by careless irrigation. Rivers, lakes and aquifers ( 地 下 蓄 水 层 )are
sucked dry, while what remains is often so bad that it 46 the lives of those who drink it. As
for salty water, which so 47 us when apparently detected on Mars, however, on Earth,
we express our 48 by destroying it. A new report suggests fish numbers have halved
since 1970. Coral reefs are under such 49 that most could be gone by 2050.
A couple of weeks ago, I launched a column focusing on extreme consumption, and 50
suggestions. They have flooded in. Here are just a few of the 51 :wigs(假发)for babies, to
allow “baby girls with little or no 52 at all the opportunity to have a beautifully realistic
hair style”; The iPotty, which 53 little children to keep playing while toilet training; a
smartphone for dogs to take pictures of themselves....
As clever new ways of wasting stuff are continually 54 , we become more and more
used to the 55 consumption of the world’s precious resources. Isn’t it time for us to havesecond thoughts about our lifestyle?
36．A．peace B．trust C．life D．danger
37．A．appearance B．discovery C．performance D．operation
38．A．planet B．stage C．level D．island
39．A．courage B．hope C．pride D．interest
40．A．spread B．lost C．ignored D．found
41．A．climb B．turn C．increase D．decline
42．A．water B．plants C．animals D．air
43．A．Often B．Only C．Even D．Last
44．A．private B．public C．unclear D．accessible
45．A．checked B．chosen C．wasted D．polluted
46．A．saves B．threatens C．enriches D．changes
47．A．interests B．satisfies C．frightens D．terrifies
48．A．complaint B．doubt C．appreciation D．surprise
49．A．pressure B．control C．guidance D．attention
50．A．made B．considered C．invited D．followed
51．A．benefits B．reasons C．features D．products
52．A．time B．hair C．help D．knowledge
53．A．allows B．promises C．persuades D．advises
54．A．criticized B．reported C．replaced D．created
55．A．expensive B．limited C．pointless D．stable
