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被动语态知识讲解及练习
一、定义
英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
当主语为动作的执行者时，谓语的形式为主动语态。
当主语为动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。
Many people speak English. (主动语态，主语 many people 是动作 speak 的执行者)
English is spoken by many people.(被动语态，主语 English 是动作 speak 的承受
者) Bell invented the telephone in 1876.(主动语态)
The telephone was invented by Bell in 18876.(被动语态)
注意：动作的执行者由by 引出，by 意为“被；由
”。
二、使用被动语态的三种情况
1. 不知道动作的执行者是谁。
This ring is made in China. 这个戒指是中国制造的。
The blouse is made of silk. 这件女式衬衫是用丝绸制成的。
2. 没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。
Many trees must be planted every year. 每年必须种许多树。
The zipper is often used in our daily lives. 拉链在我们的日常生活中经常使用。
3. 需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。
Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。
（强调汉语的广泛使用）
I think the TV was invented after the car. 我认为电视是在汽车之后发明的。
注意：被动语态常用于陈述事实，一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。
三、句式结构（四种常考的被动语态）
一般现在时的被动语态：__________________
一般过去时的被动语态：__________________
一般将来时的被动语态：__________________
__________________
含有情态动词的被动语态：__________________
一般现在时
肯定句：主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 + 其他.
The classroom is cleaned by us. 这个教室被我们打扫
的。 否定句：主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词 + 其他.___________________________. 这个教室不是被我们打扫的。
一般疑问句：Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
__________________________ 这个教室是被我们打扫的吗?
特殊疑问问：特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他？
___________________________？这个教室是什么时候被打扫的？
一般过去时
肯定句：主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他.
___________________________. 这个手机是在广州制造的。
否定句：主语 + was/were + not + 过去分词 + 其他.
___________________________. 这个手机不是在广州制造的。 一
般疑问句：Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
___________________________ 这个手机是在广州制造的吗？
特殊疑问问：特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?
___________________________ 这个手机是在哪里制造的？
一般将来时
肯定句：① 主语 + will + be + 过去分词 + 其他.
___________________________. 这些树明天会被种下。
② 主语 + be going to + be + 过去分词 + 其他。
___________________________. 手机将会在这里被修(fix）好。
否定句：① 主语 + won't + be + 过去分词 + 其他.
___________________________. 这些树明天不会被种下。 ②
主语 + be not going to + be + 过去分词 + 其他。
___________________________. 手机将不会在这里被修好。
一般疑问句：① Will +主语 + be + 过去分词 + 其他?
___________________________ 这些树明天会被种下吗？ ②
Be + 主语 + going to+ be + 过去分词 + 其他?
___________________________ 手机将会在这里被修好吗？
特殊疑问问：① 特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词 + 其他?
___________________________ 这些树什么时候会被种下？
② 特殊疑问词 +be + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词 + 其他?
___________________________ 手机将会在哪里被修好？
含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be + 过去分词 + 其他.
_______________________________________________. 青少年应该被允许自己做决定。
_____________________________________________.你的房间必须每天打扫。四、过去分词的变化规则
规则变化
1 . 一般在动词+ed 。 talk-talked play- played want- wanted
She talked with her friends last night. 她昨晚跟她朋友聊天。
2 . 以 e 结尾的+d 。 live- lived like-liked hope-hoped use-used
She lived in England in 2020. 2020 年她住在英格兰。
3. 以重读闭音节结尾的，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母再+ed。
stop- stopped plan- planned
He stopped talking when the teacher came in. 老师进来的时候，他停止了讲话。
4. 以辅音字母+y 结尾的，改 y 为 i ， 再+ed.
study-studied try-tried cry-cried copy-copied carry-carried
Tom studied English at the age of two. 汤姆两岁的时候学习了英
语。
不规则变化：需要特殊记。
原型—过去式—过去分词
be—was（were）—been go—went—gone eat—ate—eaten
又如：AAA 型（原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同）
cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut
hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
let—let— let put—put—put
read—read—read set—set—set
shut—shut—shut
五、特别注意
1. 不及物动词没有被动语态。
常见词或短语有：happen 发生， take place 发生， laugh 笑， break out 爆发，cost 花费
等。 The story happened on a cold night. 这个故事发生在一个寒冷的夜晚。
2. 双宾语的被动语态。
(1). 间接宾语（人）变成被动语态的主语,直接宾语（物）仍保留在原位。
He gave me a pen yesterday. 昨天他给了我一支钢笔。
→ __________________________________________________. 昨天他给了我一支钢笔。
(2). 直接宾语（物）变成被动语态的主语,在间接宾语（人）前加介词 to 或 for。
My father bought me a mobile phone yesterday. 我父亲昨天给我买了一部手机。
→
________________________________________________.
一部手机昨天被我父亲买给我。
3. 感官动词和使役动词在主动语态中， 后面跟动词不定式时省略 to ，但在被动语态中要加to。
感官动词：see 、hear 、watch 、notice 使役
动词 let 、make 、have
如 make sb. do sth.→ sb. be made to do sth.
The little girl made me laugh. 这个小女孩使我笑了。
→__________________ laugh by the little girl. 我被这个小女孩弄得笑了。
→____________________________________.这个男孩经常被听到在房间里唱歌。
4. 动词短语变成被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。
The nurse looks after the kid well. 护士把这个孩子照顾得很好。
→ _________________________________. 这个孩子被护士照顾得很好。 5. 感
官系动词用主动表被动。
常见的感官系动词有：look 、smell 、taste 、feel 、sound 等。
____________________________________ 音乐听起来很美妙。
6. be worth doing 中的 doing 表示被动意义。
This book__________________. 这本书值得一读。
六、常用于被动语态的短语和句型：
使用： = 被用来做某
事 被当作…用
被…使用
制造： 由…制造（看得出原料）
由…制造（看不出原料）
在…制造
装满： = 被…填
满 覆盖： = 被…覆盖
其他：据说
据报道
拒 记 载
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
众所周知
人们相信
有人建议_______________被动语态综合练习
一、单项选择
1. （2020·广东·深圳实验学校九年级期末）— Do you have Jay’s CDs?
— Sorry, they are , but I will get some more next week because they .
A. sold out; sell well B ．on sale; are sold well
C ．sold out; are sold well D ．on sale; sell well
2. （2018·广东·佛山市三水区三水中学九年级期末）—Long time no see!
—I’ve just returned. I to Shenzhen for a meeting last month.
A. am sent B ．was sent C ．am sending D ．was sending
3. （2021·黑龙江·林口县教师进修学校九年级期末）Last year, several teachers from our
hometown to the schools in Tibet to work.
A ．were sent B ．sent C ．have sent
4. （2018·广东·佛山市三水区三水中学九年级期末）Teenagers to take mobile phone
to school. It’s bad for their study.
A ．should allow B ．shouldn’t be allowed C ．should be allowed D ．won’t allow
（2021·安徽·潜山市教育局教研室九年级期末）An important report about English study
in the Worker’s Palace next week. Would you like to join us?
A ．will be given B ．will give C ．would be given D ．would give
5. （2021·湖北·黄梅县教育科学研究所九年级期末）—Look at the sign over there.
—Oh, sorry. Parking here. We had better move the car.
A. isn’t allowed B ．doesn’t allow C ．didn’t allow D ．wasn’t allowed
6. （2021·伊美区教师进修学校九年级期末）They have bought more than 14,000 books since the
library last month.
A ．built B ．will built C ．was built
7. （2021·广西·罗城仫佬族自治县教育局教研室九年级期末）This photo twenty
years ago.
A ．took B ．was taken C ．is taken D ．has taken
8. （2020·天津滨海新·九年级期末）If everyone starts to do something for the earth, the world
________.
A ．will save B ．will be saved C ．is saving D ．is saved9. （2021·北京顺义·九年级期末）The book Alice s’ Adventure in Wonderland in 1865.
A ．has published B ．publishes C ．was published D ．published
10. （2022·江苏·盱眙县教师发展管理中心研训部九年级期末）I can finish the task better if I
five more minutes.
A ．give B ．will give C ．am given D ．will be given
11. （2022·湖南·教研室一模）—Your classroom looks so clean and tidy.
—Yes, it every day.
A ．cleans B ．cleaned C ．is cleaned
12. （2021·天津南开·九年级期末）People now in China to divide rubbish into different
groups.
A. asked B ．were asking C ．are asking D ．are asked
13. （2021·天津南开·九年级期末）Daming if he doesn't finish his homework first.
That's the rule.
A ．is punished B ．will be punished C ．was punished D ．punished
14. （2022·江苏南京·一模）—It has been raining for almost a week. I really want to go outdoors.
—The weather to be good tomorrow.
A ．expects B ．is expected C ．is expecting D ．will expect
15. （2022·上海·模拟预测）The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today
he____still______by people of all ages.
A ．is; loved B ．was; loved C ．will; be loved D ．will; love
16. （2022·甘肃武威·九年级期末）In order to make our hometown more beautiful, lots of trees
last year.
A ．are planted B ．have planted C ．were planted D ．planted
17. （2021·天津南开·九年级期末）The People's Republic of China in 1949. This year
we will celebrate her 72th birthday.
A ．was founded B ．is founded C ．was found D ．is found
18. （2021·吉林·四平市铁西区教师进修学校九年级期末）The mountain with snow
all year round, so it’s hard to climb it.
A ．covered B ．was covered C ．is covered
19. （2021·山东·单县教学研究室九年级期末）We’re sure that China’s environment
through our work in the near future.A ．is improved B ．has improved C ．will be improved
二、用所给单词适当形式填空。
1. （2021·广西·天峨县教育局教研室九年级期末）The door and the windows should be
(lock) when we leave home.
2. （2021·全国·九年级课时练习）These questions must (answer) in English.
3. （2021·广西·上思县教育科学研究所九年级期末）Lights must (turn) off when
we
leave the classroom.
4. （2023 ·江苏泰州 ·统考一模）New inventions in technology should (introduce)
to old people to improve their lives.
5. （2021·内蒙古·四子王旗教育局教研室九年级期末）Kids should be (educate) to
know what they should or shouldn’t do.
6. （2023 ·江苏南京 ·校联考一模）—Dad, when can we cycle around the
countryside? —Not until the bike (repair) next month.
7. （2023 ·江苏无锡 ·统考一模）Billions of coffee cups (throw) away in the UK
each year. A change in recycling is necessary.
8. （2022 ·甘肃定西 ·模拟预测）Everyone (move) deeply after they heard the
old man’s story.
9. （2023 ·湖南常德 ·统考一模）Tea (bring) to Japan long long ago.
10. （2023 ·重庆九龙坡 ·重庆市育才中学校考一模）Make sure the old (take)
good care of in the old people ’s home.
三、根据要求完成句子
1. （2022·上海·模拟预测）The headmaster will choose some students to be volunteers for the
meeting.(改为被动语态)
Some students will to be volunteers for the meeting by the headmaster.
2. （2020·山东济南·模拟预测）The government highly values environmental protection, so we
shouldn't throw rubbish about. (改写句子,句意不变)
Rubbish shouldn't about because environmental protection is highly
valued by the government.
3. （2022·重庆一中模拟预测）He will sing a song as a gift for her. (改为同义句)
A song will by him as a gift for her.4. （2022·上海·模拟预测）According to the weather forecast, a fierce typhoon will hit that area.
(改为被动语态)
According to the weather forecast, that area will by a fierce typhoon.
5. （2022·重庆·模拟预测）We should speak to the old slowly and politely. （对划线部分提问）
should be to slowly and politely by you?
