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Unit 5 Topic 2 小结
一.重点单词。
1. pioneer n. 创始人,先驱;倡导者
2. B.C abbr. 公元前
3. thinker n. 思想家
4. wise adj. 明智的,高明的
5. kindness n. 仁慈,善良
6. philosopher n. 哲学家;深思的人
7. influence v.& n. 影响
8. whom pron. 谁,什么人
9. pass away 去世;消失
10. unite v. 统一;联合,团结
11. defeat v. 击败,战胜
12. set up 建立,创建;设置
13. empire n. 帝国
14. forever adv. 永远;永恒地
15. come to an end 结束
16. captain n. 船长,舰长;(海军)上校;队长
17. lead v. 率领,领导;引领
18. compass n. 指南针,罗盘;圆规
19. sail v. 航行;起航; n. 帆
20. coast n. 海岸;海滨,沿海地区
21. pride n. 自豪,骄傲
22. unfortunately adv. 不幸地;不巧地
23. birth n. 出生
24. trade n. 贸易,买卖,交易; v. 用……进行交换
25. missile n. 导弹
26. graduation n. 毕业
27. university n. 大学
28. Pacific Ocean 太平洋
29. further adj. 进一步的
30. degree n. (大学)学位;度
1 / 1031. aerospace n. 航空航天工业
32. graduate v. 毕业; n. 毕业生
33. researcher n. 研究员
34. theory n. 理论;原理
35. motherland n. 祖国
36. blank n. 空白;空白处,空格
37. institute n. 机构
38. charge n. 主管;掌管 v. 要价;收费
39. in charge of 主管;掌管;负责
40. spacecraft n. 宇宙飞船
41. related adj. 相关的,有联系的
42. youth n. 青年,年轻人
43. devotion n. 关爱;奉献;忠诚
44. express v. 表达
45. career n. 事业;职业
46. destination n. 目的地;终点
47. hybrid rice 杂交水稻
48. gunpowder n. 火药
49. printing n. 印刷;印刷术
50. sailor n. 水手,海员
51. discovery n. 发现
52. firework n. 烟花;焰火
53. Arab n. 阿拉伯人 Adj. 阿拉伯的,阿拉伯人的
54. eastern adj. 东方的,东部的
55. bark n. 树皮;狗叫声 v. 狗叫
56. rag n. 破布,抹布
57. clay n. 黏土
58. ink n. 墨水,油墨
【典例分析】
1. pioneer n.先驱,创始人,倡导人 ;
e.g. He is a computer pioneer. 他是计算机方面的先驱。
【典例分析】
2 / 102. thinker n. 思想家
think v. 思考
【技巧总结】
1) think about 和 think of 这两个短语表示“考虑”、“对……有某种看法”时,可以互换 。
e.g. They're thinking about(of)buying a new car. 他们正在考虑买一辆新车。
What do you think of(about)the film?你认为那部影片怎么样?
2) think of:在有关心、为...着想的意思,经常关心他人。表示打算、想出、关心等意义,一般不与think
about互换。
e.g. Helen,are you thinking of marrying Tom?海伦,你打算和汤姆结婚吗?
Lei Feng was always thinking of others.雷锋总是为别人着想。
3) think about:含有思考、研究的意思,这里指对他人说过的话进行思考。表示经常思考、研究的意思,
一般不和think of换用。
e.g. I'll think about your suggestion,and give you an answer tomorrow.
我要考虑一下你的建议,明天给你答复。
4) think over意为“仔细考虑”。
e.g. We need several days to think this matter over. 我们需要几天的时间把这件事情仔细考虑一下。
Think over,and you'll find a way.仔细考虑一下,你就会有办法的 。
【典例分析】
3. kindness (n.) 仁慈,善良
kind (adj.) 友好的,善良的
【技巧总结】
be kind to sb 对某人友好
e.g. Our teacher is very kind to us. 我们的老师对我们很友好.
【典例分析】
4. lead (v.) 率领,领导,引领
leader (n.) 领导者,领袖
【典例分析】
5. sail (v.) 航行;起航
sailing (n.) 航行
sailor (n.) 水手,海员
【典例分析】
6. graduate (v.) 毕业,n. 毕业生
graduation (n.) 毕业
3 / 10【技巧总结】
graduate from 毕业于
e.g. She graduated from the Peking University.
【典例分析】
7. charge n. 主管,掌管 v. 要价;收费
in charge of 主管、掌管。
e.g. She is in charge of two companies, so she is very busy. 她掌管两家公司, 所以她很忙。
【技巧总结】
1)in charge of和in the charge of都是短语介词,其后都接名词或代词作宾语。
2)in charge of主动,主语往往是人;in the charge of 被动,主语一般是物;
3)in charge of“主管,掌管” ;in the charge of “被... 管理,在...管理之下” 同时in the charge of 也可用in one's
charge形式。
【典例分析】
8. devotion n.关爱,奉献,忠诚
devote v. 献(身); 奉献,投入(时间、精力等
【技巧总结】
1). devote sth to (doing) sth 把时间(钱,精力等)献给某事物。
e.g. He devoted all his free time to playing the piano. 他把所有的业余的时间都用来弹钢琴。
2). devote oneself to sb (doing sth) 献身于或致力于(做)某事
e.g. He devoted himself to helping the poor. 他致力于帮助穷人。
3). be devoted to sb (doing sth) 致力于,献身于。
【典例分析】
9. express(v.) 表达,流露
expression (n.) 表达,表示,表情,脸色
【典例分析】
10. discovery (n.) 发现
discover (v.) 发现
【典例分析】
11. eastern (adj.) 东方的,东部的
east (n.) 东方
二.重点短语。
1. in the field of education 在教育领域
2. in the year 551 B.C. 在公元前551年
4 / 103. kindness and good manners “仁” 和“礼”
4. a great thinker 一名伟大的思想家
5. in one’s twenties / thirties 在某人20几、30几岁
6. pass away 去世
7. the rest of 剩余的
8. receive a good education 获得良好的教育机会
9. travel around 四处旅行
10. search for 寻找
11. come to an end 结束
12. be proud of= take pride in 为...感到自豪
13. be the pride of 是...的骄傲
14. play an important role / part in 在...起重要作用
15. succeed in doing sth 成功地做...
16. die of / from illness 死于疾病
17. half a century 半个世纪
18. My pleasure 不客气
19. graduate from .... 毕业于...
20. make a contribution(s) to sth 为...做贡献
21. return to 返回...
22. set up 建立
23. in charge of 掌管/负责...
24. at the age of 在...岁时
25. for further study 深造
26. as well as 也,还,而且。
27. at the age of ... 在……岁时
28. be honored as 被誉为……
29. depend on 依靠,取决于
30. find the right direction 找到正确的方向
31. be open to sth 对...开放,供...选择
32. with its help 在它的帮助下
33. one of the greatest inventions 最伟大的发明之一
34. It's said that 据说
35. be used for sth/doing sth 被用来做某事
5 / 1036. make fireworks 制造烟火
37. at the end of… 在……末
38. begin to do sth 开始做某事
39. carve... on sth 在...上雕刻
40. spread to 传播
41. at that time 在那时
【典例分析】
1. in the field of 在……领域
e.g. Bing Xin is famous for children’s works in the field of Chinese literature.
在中国文学领域冰心以儿童作品而著名。
【典例分析】
2. in the year 551B.C. 公元前551年。
A.D.表示“公元”,B.C.表示“公元前”;书写时A.D.写在年数前后均可,B.C.应写在年数之后;“从某年到某
年”应写为from ... to ...或... ~ ...。
e.g. From 200 B.C. to A.D. 500 is seven hundred years. 从公元前200年到公元500年,共为700
年。
【典例分析】
3. in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁时。 在从twenty到ninety表示整十的单词中,把单词末尾的y改成i再加es,表
示在某人几十岁时。
e.g. George Bush became the president of the USA in his forties. 乔治布什在他四十几岁时成为美国总统。
【典例分析】
4. take pride in...=be proud of.. 以……为骄傲
the pride of ……的骄傲 ( pride n.自豪,骄傲,形容词为proud;)
e.g. I take pride in my work. 我为自己的工作感到骄傲。
The Great Wall is the pride of the Chinese. 万里长城是中国人的骄傲。
He was proud of himself for not giving up. 他为自己没有放弃而感到自豪。
【典例分析】
5. die of 死于疾病、衰老等内因(如cancer, heart trouble等);
die from 死于事故等外因(如accident, earthquake等)
e.g. The man died of lung cancer. 这个人死于肺癌。
The girl died from earthquake. 这女孩死于地震。
【典例分析】
6. graduate from ...毕业于……。
6 / 10e.g. He graduated from Tsinghua University in 2004. 他于2004年毕业于清华大学。
【典例分析】
7. as well as 也,还,而且。
e.g. She is beautiful as well as clever. 她漂亮而且聪明。
【典例分析】
8. for further study 进一步学习,深造;
e.g. I want to go aboard for further study. 我想出国深造。
【典例分析】
9. at the age of ... 在……岁时。
e.g. He could play chess well at the age of 8. 他在八岁时下橡棋很好。
【典例分析】
10. make important contributions to (doing) sth. 为……做出重要贡献
e.g. He made important contribution to the missile and space programs in China.
他对中国导弹和航天工程做出了重要贡献。
【典例分析】
11. be honored as意为“被誉为……”
e.g. He was honored as “The Father of China’s Missiles”. 他被誉为中国导弹之父。
【典例分析】
12. depend on 依靠,依赖
e.g. Before it was invented,sailors had to depend on the star to find the right direction.
在它发明之前,水手们不得不依靠星星找到正确的方向。
三.重难点详解
1. He was also a famous philosopher whose wise sayings have influenced many people in different
countries. 他也是一个著名的哲学家,他的至理名言影响了不同国家的一大批人。
whose wise sayings have influenced many people in different countries是由whose引导的定语从句,在从句中作
wise sayings的定语,修饰先行词philosopher。由关系代词whose引导,其先行词既可指人又可指物,且不能省略。
e.g. This is the book whose color is very beautiful. 这就是那本颜色非常漂亮的书。
2. He was a Ming dynasty explorer whom we Chinese people are proud of.
他是一个我们中国人都引以为豪的明朝的探险家。
whom the Chinese people are proud of 是定语从句,修饰先行词explorer。关系代词whom在从句中作介词of的
宾语,可用who代替,也可以省去,但当把介词提前时只能用whom而不能用who。
e.g. The old are the people who/whom we should take care of. = The old are the people of whom we should
take care. 老人是我们应当照顾的人。
7 / 104. succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事
5. It’s hard to believe!难以置信
6. After he graduated, he became a teacher as well as a researcher who studied rockets and
missile theories.
who 在此引导定语从句,修饰先行词researcher,在定语从句中作主语。
7. He passed away on October 31, 2009 at the age of 98,but he is a man who still encourages Chinese youth.
who 在此引导定语从句,修饰先行词man,在定语从句中作主语,也可以用that来替换。
8. He was a pioneer in these related fields and was honored as “The father of China’s Missiles”.
他也是这些相关领域的先驱,被誉为“中国导弹之父”。
1). honor 作名词,意为“荣誉”。常用句型: It’s my honor to do sth.
2). honor 作动词,意为“尊敬(等于honour);给…以荣誉”。
be honored as意为“被誉为……”
e.g. Who will be honored as a model student this term?
四.重点语法。
定语从句的总结:
1 .that的用法: 若先行词指人或物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语
2. which的用法: 若先行词指物则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语.
3. who的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语(如果前面带介词则必须用
whom)
4. whom的用法: 若先行词指人则代替先行词在定语从句中充当宾语(包括介词的宾语) ,与who的区
别是如果前面带介词则必须用whom
5. whose的用法:whose在句中做定语, 指物也可指人。
注意1: that \which在代物时常常可以通用,但有时只宜于用which ,不用that
1) 关系代词前有介词时.
e.g. This is the hotel in which you will stay.
2)如有两个定语从句,其中一句的关系代词是that,另一句宜于用which.
e.g. Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the liberary which was newly open (新开放) to us.
注意2:that \which在代物时常常可以通用, 但有时只宜于用that ,不用which.
1).先行词是形容词最高级或者它的前面有形容词最高级时
e.g. This is the best that has been used against air pollution(反对空气污染) in cities.
English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.
2).先行词是序数词,或它的前面有一个序数词时
e.g. He is the last person that I want to see.
8 / 103).主句中已有疑问词时
e.g. Which is the bike that you lost?
4).先行词既有人又有物时
e.g. The bike and its rider that had run over (撞倒了)an old man were taken to the police station.
5).先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等代词时
6).先行词前面有only, any, few, little, no, all, one of, the same, the very等词修饰时
e.g. :The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.
Li Ming is the only one that got full marks (满分)in our class.
Li Ming is one of the students that want to be teachers in our class.
7).有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词已用which,另外一个宜用that
e.g. Edison built up a factory(办了一个工厂) which produced things that had never been seen before.
9 / 1010 / 10