文档内容
第 3 讲 说明文
说明文是对事物的特征、本质、性能、状态、用途、原理或事物的发生、发展、结果等
进行介绍、解释、说明的一种文体。与记叙文相比，说明文类完形填空多用一般现在时，其
语言简练、平实、准确，常采用客观描述，其主题明确，层次分明。高考说明文类完形填空
往往在文章的开头就点明说明对象，从而为考生们把握文章主题提供了有利条件。而且，作
者借助合理的说明顺序展开文章，使文章结构清晰，层次分明。
解题要领 内容解读
明确说明对 通读全文，明确作者是针对哪一个说明对象从不同的角度和侧面对
象，理清段落 其加以说明的。在阅读过程中要概括、总结每一段说明的侧重点，
关系。 理清各段之间的关系，加深对说明对象的理解。
在说明的过程中作者会选择合理的说明顺序对说明对象进行解说。
把握了说明顺序就能准确把握文章的脉络，加深对整篇文章的理
弄清说明顺 解。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序(如因果关
序，把握作者 系、果因关系、先主后次等)和认识顺序(如由此及彼、由浅入深、
态度。 由局部到整体、由现象到本质等)。另外，在理清作者思路的基础
上，还要注意反映作者态度的关键词或关键句，把握作者的写作情
感和意图。
(2022·全国乙)
Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek.For them，there’s
something highly exciting about 41 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be
seen.
However，we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 42 at hiding.They often
cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies 43 .
For a long time，this ineffective hiding method was 44 as evidence that children are
hopelessly “egocentric”(自我中心的) creatures.But our 45 research results in child
developmental psychology 46 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.Each 47
sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 48 .We then asked the child if she could
49 or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn’t.The same 50
happened when the adult covered her own mouth： 51 children said that they couldn’t 52to her.
A number of 53 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being
asked.The results were clear: Our young subjects 54 the questions and knew 55 what
was asked of them.Their 56 to the questions reflected their true 57 that “I can see you
only if you can see me，too.” They simply 58 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our
59 suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head，it is not a result of
egocentrism.In fact，children consider this method 60 when others use it.
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛
并不是自我中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认和尊重。
41．A.following B．taking
C．escaping D．directing
答案 C
解析 follow跟随；take取走；escape避开；direct指导。根据下文“making oneself unable
to be seen”可知，此处表示儿童喜欢玩捉迷藏，避开别人的目光。故选C项。
42．A.clever B．bad
C．scared D．quick
答案 B
解析 clever聪明的；bad不擅长的；scared害怕的；quick快的。根据下文“They often
cover only their eyes with their hands，leaving the rest of their bodies .”可知，他们经常用
手捂住眼睛，而其余身体部分无遮蔽，因此儿童不擅长隐藏。be bad at sth.表示“不擅长某
事”。故选B项。
43．A.exposed B．examined
C．untouched D．imbalanced
答案 A
解析 exposed无遮蔽的；examined已检查过的；untouched未受影响的；imbalanced失衡的。
根据上文可知，儿童只是用手遮住了眼睛，身体的其余部分无遮蔽，是暴露在外的。故选A
项。
44．A.supported B．guaranteed
C．imagined D．interpreted
答案 D
解析 support支持；guarantee保证；imagine想象；interpret解释。根据下文“as evidence
that children are hopelessly ‘egocentric’(自我中心的) creatures”可知，此处表示这种无效
的隐藏方法被解释为一种证据，证明儿童是以自我为中心的。故选D项。
45．A.disappointing B．mixedC．surprising D．desired
答案 C
解析 disappointing令人失望的；mixed混合的；surprising令人惊讶的；desired渴望的。根
据第四段中“Surprisingly，children replied that they couldn’t.”可知，研究结果是令人惊讶
的。故选C项。
46．A.explained B．confirmed
C．contradicted D．tested
答案 C
解析 explain解释；confirm证实；contradict相矛盾；test测试。根据前面的But可知，研
究结果与之前的观点相矛盾。故选C项。
47．A.parent B．child
C．researcher D．doctor
答案 B
解析 parent父(母)亲；child儿童；researcher研究员；doctor医生。根据上文“We brought
young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此处表示每个儿
童和一个成年人坐在一起。故选B项。
48．A.feet B．nose
C．hands D．ears
答案 D
解析 foot脚；nose鼻子；hand手；ear耳朵。根据下文“or hear the adult”可知，实验中，
儿童被询问是否能听到成年人的声音，所以此处表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。故选D项。
49．A.see B．help
C．reach D．fool
答案 A
解析 see看见；help帮助；reach到达；fool欺骗。根据上文“an adult who covered her own
eyes”可知，成年人遮住了自己的眼睛，所以此处儿童被询问是否能看见成年人。故选A项。
50．A.event B．thing
C．action D．accident
答案 B
解析 event大事；thing事情；action行动；accident事故。根据下文“children said that they
couldn’t to her”可知，此处表示同样的事情发生了。故选B项。
51．A.Yet B．Now
C．Soon D．Once
答案 B
解析 yet然而；now此刻；soon很快；once一次。根据语境，此处表示当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，此时孩子们说不能和成年人说话了。故选B项。
52．A.speak B．listen
C．turn D．wave
答案 A
解析 speak说；listen听；turn转向；wave挥手。参见上题解析。故选A项。
53．A.instructions B．descriptions
C．experiments D．assumptions
答案 C
解析 句意为：许多实验排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题。instruction 指令；
description说明；experiment实验；assumption假设。故选C项。
54．A.comprehended B．predicted
C．explored D．ignored
答案 A
解析 comprehend理解；predict预测；explore探索；ignore忽略。根据下文“and knew
what was asked of them”可知，儿童理解了问题，并知道自己被问了什么。故选A项。
55．A.partly B．honestly
C．vaguely D．exactly
答案 D
解析 partly部分地；honestly诚实地；vaguely含糊地；exactly确切地。根据下文“Their
to the questions reflected their true ”可知，孩子们确切地知道自己被问了什么。故选D
项。
56．A.responses B．approaches
C．contribution D．sensitivity
答案 A
解析 response回答；approach方法；contribution贡献；sensitivity敏感性。根据上文“We
then asked the child if she could or hear the adult.Surprisingly，children replied that
they couldn’t.”可知，此处表示孩子们对于问题的回答。故选A项。
57．A.ability B．belief
C．identity D．purpose
答案 B
解析 ability能力；belief看法；identity身份；purpose目的。根据下文“I can see you only if
you can see me，too.”可知，此处表示孩子们真正的看法。故选B项。
58．A.hold back B．relate to
C．insist on D．make up
答案 C解析 hold back阻止；relate to与……有关联；insist on坚持；make up弥补。根据上文“I
can see you only if you can see me，too.”可知，孩子们的看法体现了他们坚持相互的承认和
尊重。故选C项。
59．A.limitations B．requirements
C．theories D．findings
答案 D
解析 limitation限制；requirement必要条件；theory理论；finding调查发现。根据上文
“We brought young children aged 2－4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC.”可知，此
处指实验的研究结果。故选D项。
60．A.tentative B．impressive
C．creative D．effective
答案 D
解析 tentative不确定的；impressive令人印象深刻的；creative创造性的；effective有效的。
根据上文“They simply mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.”可知，孩子们坚持相
互承认和尊重，所以当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子会认为它是有效的。故选D项。
文本整体感知
体裁 说明文
通过实验证明孩子们玩捉迷藏时，只遮住自己的眼睛并不是自我
中心思想
中心主义的结果，而是孩子们坚持相互承认与尊重。
young children，hide and seek，cover，exposed，contradicted that
写作要素
idea，experiments，results，mutual recognition，effective
写作目的 文章展现的主题语境为人与自我，主题语境内容为认识自我
技法七 依常识，定答案
完形填空的语篇中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生
在做题时，若能积极地调动自己掌握的生活常识和文化背景知识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大
大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，从而轻松地作出正确判断。
(1)生活常识
真题体验1 (2019·全国Ⅰ)
Above 4,000 meters is the highland 57 ：gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks.58.Finally you
climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
57．A.village B．desert
C．road D．lake
答案 B
解析 根据空后的“gravel(砾石)，stones and rocks”可知，海拔4 000米以上是高原沙漠：
砾石、石头和岩石。village村庄；desert沙漠；road道路；lake湖泊。59．A.permanent B．little
C．fresh D．artificial
答案 A
解析 最后你会爬进一个像北极一样的地带，那里终年积雪，冰川可能很快就会消失。
permanent永久的，永恒的；little小的；fresh新鲜的；artificial人造的，人工的。
真题体验2 (2021·全国乙)
One afternoon，while 45.attempting to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was
46.eventually discovered to be a heart attack.The collapse was disastrous， 47 the emergency
medical team and good teamwork.
47．A.assessing B．requiring
C．forming D．proving
答案 B
解析 assess评估；require要求，需要；form形成；prove证明。病人跌倒需要救治是生活
常识。
(2)文化背景
真题体验3 (天津)
Roberta appeared on the stage.She took a deep breath and began to 16.speak.Now she was
Portia，a strong-willed 17 in Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice.The theatre was
filled with people.She was speaking with a power she had never before experienced，the words
flowing 18.smoothly from her.
17．A.member B．actress
C．player D．character
答案 D
解析 表示小说或戏剧中的“人物”或“角色”，用character。故选D。
技法八 破难句，解句意
完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就
要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句
意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而作出正确判断。第41、44、59题便是一个难句。
真题体验 (2021·天津3月)
For Pruitt，a keen bicyclist，the first thing to do was 19.replace his stolen bike.But when he
went bike shopping，he found few available，which got him thinking: What if the 20 of
bikes was COVID-19 related，and what if the person who’d taken his bike really needed 21
to get to work?
20．A.lack B．variety
C．increase D．quality
答案 A解析 lack缺乏；variety多样性；increase增加；quality质量。句意为：但当他去买自行车
时，发现几乎没有自行车，这让他想到：如果缺少自行车与COVID-19有关，如果骑他的自
行车的人真的需要交通工具去上班呢？根据上文“he found few available”可知，商店里缺
少自行车。
21．A.instruction B．qualification
C．transportation D．permission
答案 C
解析 instruction指令；qualification资格；transportation交通工具；permission允许。根据
前后文“needed...to get to work”可知，Pruitt猜测偷自己自行车的人是因为确实需要交通工
具去上班。
(2022·江西重点中学盟校联考)
If you browse through a library，you’ll find a variety of books，from fiction to crime to
romance.And if you 1 through a city you’ll see a variety of people of 2 ages，body
shapes，skin colors and genders.
In Copenhagen，a(n) 3 library，The Human Library，offers books made of flesh and
bone instead of 4 —individuals from all walks of life or faced with 5 .The book titles are
short and to the point like transgender，former criminal or immigrant.Readers may borrow these
“books” for a thirty-minute 6 .
The human books are volunteers，and visiting readers are encouraged to ask those 7 or
embarrassing questions they’ve always wondered about.
The 8 idea first came to Ronni Abergel when he was troubled by the 9 that people
tended to drop people in little boxes with prejudice through a 10 knowledge of them.He 11
sitting down and meeting some of the people you normally might feel a little bit 12 about，
which will help you learn tremendously not only about them，but also about 13 .
So the main idea of the Human Library is to 14 the assumptions and stereotypes(刻板印
象) that we 15 to have about other people.
Transgender volunteer Katy Jon Went is a regular host for the Human Library’s events，
saying “The best thing to remember is that you can ask them anything—the human ‘books’
are 16 offended，which is an incredibly rare 17 .”
Today 85 18 have a Human Library，from Norway and Hungary all the way to
Australia and Mongolia! The event is all about celebrating human 19 .It’s a celebration for
everyone 20 race，age，gender，or nationality.
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新型图书馆——真人图书馆。读者可以与这些真人图书交流，了解多样的人生，打破对某些人的刻板印象。
1．A.drag B．cut
C．break D．wander
答案 D
解析 drag through(使)缓慢地通过；cut through 穿透，抄近路走；break through 突破；
wander through 闲逛，漫步。由后文可知，在一座城市里漫步，你会看到各种不同年龄、体
型、肤色和性别的人。
2．A.particular B．changeable
C．different D．general
答案 C
解析 particular特定的；changeable可改变的；different不同的；general一般的。参见上题
解析。
3．A.national B．unusual
C．conventional D．optional
答案 B
解析 national国家的；unusual不同寻常的；conventional常规的；optional可选择的。根据
后文可知这是一个不同寻常的图书馆。
4．A.blood B．stories
C．paper D．material
答案 C
解析 blood血；story故事；paper纸；material材料。根据上文“The Human Library，offers
books made of flesh and bone”和常识可知，图书馆提供用肉和骨头而不是纸做的书。
5．A.discrimination B．choices
C．hardships D．questions
答案 A
解析 discrimination歧视；choice选择；hardship困难；question问题。根据后文“people
tended to drop people in little boxes with prejudice”可推知，这些人会面临歧视。
6．A.read B．conversation
C．negotiation D．time
答案 B
解析 read阅读；conversation交谈；negotiation谈判；time时间。根据后文“and visiting
readers are encouraged to ask those”可知，读者可以借阅这些书进行三十分钟的交流。
7．A.ridiculous B．incredible
C．awkward D．delightful答案 C
解析 ridiculous可笑的；incredible难以置信的；awkward尴尬的；delightful令人愉快的。
设空处和后面的“embarrassing”并列修饰名词questions，可知来访的读者可以问那些他们
一直想了解却又让人尴尬的问题。
8．A.original B．universal
C．sensible D．bright
答案 A
解析 original最初的；universal普遍的；sensible敏感的；bright聪明的。由其后的“first”
可知，罗尼·阿伯格尔首先提出了创建真人图书馆的想法。
9．A.survey B．assumption
C．evidence D．phenomenon
答案 D
解析 survey调查；assumption假设；evidence证据；phenomenon现象。根据后句可知，当
时他发现人们常常在对他人了解很有限的情况下，产生偏见。这种现象让他感到忧虑。
10．A.basic B．profound
C．practical D．limited
答案 D
解析 basic基本的；profound深刻的；practical真实的；limited有限的。参见上题解析。
11．A.recommends B．commands
C．denies D．appreciates
答案 A
解析 recommend推荐，建议；command指令；deny否认；appreciate欣赏。根据后文可知，
他建议人们坐下来与他人交谈。
12．A.certain B．uncomfortable
C．irritated D．enthusiastic
答案 B
解析 certain确定的；uncomfortable不舒服的；irritated恼火的；enthusiastic热心的。根据
后文可知，认识一些你平时可能会觉得有点不舒服的人，这将极大地帮助你了解他们，也了
解你自己。
13．A.herself B．himself
C．yourself D．myself
答案 C
解析 根据上文可知，这也会帮助你了解你自己(yourself)。
14．A.confirm B．challenge
C．make D．disapprove答案 B
解析 confirm证实；challenge挑战；make制作；disapprove反对。根据后文可知，真人图
书馆的主要理念是挑战我们过去对他人的臆断和刻板印象。
15．A.opposed B．pretended
C．preferred D．used
答案 D
解析 oppose反对；pretend假装；prefer偏爱；used to do sth.过去常常做某事。参见上题解
析。
16．A.always B．rarely
C．sometimes D．once
答案 B
解析 always总是；rarely罕见；sometimes有时；once曾经。由前文“the best thing”可知，
此处在讲真人图书馆的优点，你可以问他们任何事情，因为真人’书籍’很少会觉得被冒犯。
这是一个非常难得的提议。
17．A.behavior B．activity
C．offer D．scene
答案 C
解析 behavior行为；activity活动；offer提供，提议；scene现场。参见上题解析。
18．A.countries B．cities
C．races D．peoples
答案 A
解析 country 国家；city 城市；race 种族；people 民族。根据后文“from Norway and
Hungary all the way to Australia and Mongolia”可知，这里指的是国家。
19．A.kindness B．gratitude
C．tolerance D．diversity
答案 D
解析 kindness善良；gratitude感谢；tolerance忍受；diversity多样性。根据后文可知，这
个活动的宗旨是为了庆祝人类的多样性。
20．A.regardless of B．on account of
C．in terms of D．because of
答案 A
解析 regardless of不管，不顾；on account of由于，因为；in terms of就……而言；because
of因为。根据后文“race，age，gender，or nationality”可知，这是一个为每个人举行的庆
祝活动，不论其种族、年龄、性别或国籍。强化练(二十六) 说明文
A
(2022·陕西宝鸡模拟)
Huagu(“flowery drum”) Opera is a local art form of Yueyang in Central China’s Hunan
Province.It 1 the cultural life of the local residents in a long history.It 2 more than 200
years ago.It is mainly 3 in a dozen counties and cities not just in Hunan，but also in the
neighbor Hubei Province and the eastern Jiangxi Province.
In the past，local people could 4 it mostly during important festivals such as Lunar New
Year.But now they can watch it often.The One Yuan Theater， 5 Rongjiawan town of
Yueyang，has staged 30 to 50 Huagu Opera shows each year since 2012.And the audience
numbers for each show sometimes 6 1,000.Some people 7 stools or are even willing to
stand through a show of two or three hours.Though the theater has a 8 capacity of 800，there
are not enough seats.To enjoy a show，each audience has to pay only 1 yuan($0.15) as 9 fee
to the theater，as the programs are 10 government funding.The project provides 11 and
nearly-free shows to local residents.It has been 12 .It has brought the once-dead cultural
heritage back to life.
In its long development process，the opera has widely 13 features of Yueyang folk tunes
and 14 factors of other opera types to form its own style. 15 ，Huagu Opera had no full-
time performing teams.It was only performed by 16 artists，most of whom were local
farmers，during free farming seasons on 17 stages.In recent years， 18 have been taken
by the local government to 19 the art form.The One Yuan Theater，which aims to absorb
more audience，has been a successful 20 .
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了岳阳花鼓的起源、现状和地方政府为推广这种艺
术形式而做出的尝试。
1．A.connects B．enriches
C．folds D．keeps
答案 B
解析 connect连接；enrich使丰富；fold折叠；keep保留。根据常识和空后“the cultural
life of the local residents”可知，花鼓这种地方艺术形式丰富了当地居民的文化生活。
2．A.originated B．adopted
C．ended D．stressed
答案 A
解析 originate起源，发起；adopt收养，采取；end结束，终止；stress强调，着重。根据空后“more than 200 years ago”可知，句中在讲岳阳花鼓的起源。
3．A.genuine B．familiar
C．popular D．useful
答案 C
解析 genuine真正的，非伪造的；familiar熟悉的；popular受欢迎的；useful有用的，有益
的。根据空后“in a dozen counties and cities”可知，花鼓戏广为传播，深受欢迎。
4．A.admire B．receive
C．witness D．appreciate
答案 D
解析 admire钦佩，仰慕；receive得到，收到；witness目击，目睹；appreciate欣赏，鉴赏。
根据句中“In the past...”和下文“But now they can watch it often.”可知，上下文就过去和现
在进行对比，有转折关系，现在人们能经常看花鼓，过去难得看到，只有在重要的节日才能
欣赏花鼓表演。
5．A.interested in B．located in
C．delighted in D．composed of
答案 B
解析 (be) interested in对……有兴趣；(be) located in位于；(be) delighted in因……感到快乐；
(be) composed of由……组成。根据空后“Rongjiawan town of Yueyang”可知，句中在讲一
元剧院的位置。
6．A.touched B．chose
C．missed D．attended
答案 A
解析 touch达到(某一水平等)，触摸；choose选择；miss错过；attend参加。根据前文
“audience numbers”和空后“1,000”可知，句中指观众人数达到1 000人。
7．A.spread out B．fade away
C．bring along D．put forward
答案 C
解析 spread out传播；fade away逐渐消失；bring along带来；put forward提出。根据空后
“stools or are even willing to stand...”可知，一些观众自带凳子。
8．A.reviewing B．approving
C．seating D．attempting
答案 C
解析 review回顾；approve赞成，同意；seat使坐下，为……提供座位；attempt尝试。根
据本句中数字“800”和“not enough seats”可知，句中讲的是剧场的座位数。seating
capacity容纳观众的能力。9．A.admission B．addition
C．permission D．invitation
答案 A
解析 admission准许进入，入场费；addition增加；permission同意，许可；invitation邀请。
根据句中“To enjoy a show，each audience has to pay only 1 yuan($0.15)”可知，观众付的是
入场费。
10．A.covered by B．amazed at
C．impressed by D．filled with
答案 A
解析 be covered by由……支付；be amazed at对……吃惊；be impressed by对……印象深刻；
be filled with 装满……。结合常识可知，1 元的门票是超乎寻常的便宜，本句“as the
programs are government funding”解释了原因，因为这一表演项目得到政府的资
助，由政府资金支付了费用。
11．A.regular B．natural
C．casual D．typical
答案 A
解析 regular经常的，规律的；natural天然的；casual休闲的；typical典型的。根据上文可
知，在一元剧院每年都有30到50场表演，所以这一表演是经常性的。
12．A.grateful B．successful
C．thoughtful D．fearful
答案 B
解析 grateful感激的；successful成功的；thoughtful考虑周到的；fearful担心的。根据下文
“It has brought the once-dead cultural heritage back to life.”可知，这一项目非常成功。
13．A.introduced B．repeated
C．absorbed D．abandoned
答案 C
解析 introduce介绍，引进；repeat重复；absorb吸收；abandon抛弃，遗弃。根据空后
“features of Yueyang folk tunes and factors of other opera types to form its own
style”可知，岳阳花鼓在发展过程中吸收了岳阳民间曲调和其他剧种的艺术要素。
14．A.similar B．unique
C．artistic D．real
答案 C
解析 similar相似的；unique独一无二的；artistic艺术的；real真正的。参见上题解析。
15．A.Gradually B．Traditionally
C．Generally D．Personally答案 B
解析 gradually逐渐地；traditionally习惯上，传统上；generally通常；personally就个人而
言。根据下文可知，花鼓的表演者都是农闲时节的农民，按照传统，它没有专职演出队伍。
16．A.amateur B．professional
C．confident D．special
答案 A
解析 amateur非专业的；professional职业的；confident自信的；special特殊的。根据下文
可知，表演者都是农民，农闲时才登台演出，所以是非专业的。
17．A.temporary B．significant
C．normal D．silent
答案 A
解析 temporary暂时的；significant重要的；normal正常的；silent安静的。根据空前的
“during free farming seasons”可知，这些表演者都是临时演出，所以舞台也应是临时搭建
的。
18．A.positions B．stages
C．measures D．places
答案 C
解析 position位置，地点；stage阶段，舞台；measure措施；place地点。根据上文可知，
政府采取了资金补贴的措施来推广花鼓戏。
19．A.avoid B．promote
C．predict D．record
答案 B
解析 avoid避免；promote促进，推广；predict预言，预计；record记录，记载。根据上文
可知，政府在有意地推广岳阳花鼓这种艺术形式。
20．A.plan B．effort
C．atmosphere D．attempt
答案 D
解析 plan规划；effort努力；atmosphere大气，氛围；attempt尝试，努力。根据上文可知，
地方政府在资金上给予了补贴，通过“一元剧场”的方式，尝试推广岳阳花鼓这种艺术形式，
并取得成功，所以这是一次成功的尝试。
B
(2022·河南濮阳一模)
What is friendship？It is difficult to be explained by 1 .If you really want to understand
it，you have to 2 all your senses.
Friendship can be seen.It is seen in children 3 the last cookie.It is seen in an old coupleholding hands in the park.It is not 4 to see friendship.It is always there for eyes that can see.
Friendship can be heard.It is heard in the words of two friends having lunch together on a(n)
5 busy day when they have a lot of things to do.It is the way they 6 each other，not just
the words.Friendship can be heard by those willing to listen.
Friendship is 7 in a casual touch.It is a pat on the back from a classmate or a wet kiss
between two little children.The touch 8 more than words.It can be 9 understood and
received.
Friendship tastes like 10 bread.Hot from the oven，it tastes more than the sum of 11
and ingredients(配料)．In it，there is the love of the wife as her hands are 12 them together
and her 13 as she waits for the dough(生面团) to rise.They cannot be seen 14 they
cannot be measured.However，they are there to 15 a big difference.The difference you taste
is 16 .
Friendship has various smells.It smells like your home when you step into it after being 17
for a long time.It smells like the 18 cookies your clumsy(笨手笨脚的) brother made
especially for you.
Finally more than the other senses，friendship is an experience that，whether seen，heard，
felt，tasted or smelt，is 19 by the heart.Like air fills the lungs，friendship fills the heart，
allowing us to experience the best thing that life has to 20 .
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。主要讲的是友谊的含义难以用言语解释，但还可通过用眼
看、用耳听、用鼻闻、用心感受等方式去慢慢体会。
1．A.appearances B．gifts
C．words D．gestures
答案 C
解析 appearance外表；gift礼物；word言语；gesture姿势。由后文通过其他感官对友谊的
诠释可知，友谊是光用言语难以解释的。
2．A.lose B．use
C．affect D．recover
答案 B
解析 lose失去；use使用；affect影响；recover恢复。由后文的“all your senses”可知，要
理解友谊，就要动用你所有的感官。
3．A.eating B．warming
C．choosing D．sharing
答案 D
解析 eat吃；warm(使)温暖；choose选择；share分享。由后文“the last cookie”及常识可
知，孩子们在分享最后一块饼干时就体现出了他们之间的友谊。4．A.common B．possible
C．hard D．easy
答案 C
解析 common常见的；possible可能的；hard困难的；easy简单的。由后一句可知，友谊
总是可以用眼睛看到的，因此是友谊不难看出。
5．A.extremely B．unfortunately
C．scarcely D．comfortably
答案 A
解析 extremely非常，极其；unfortunately不幸地；scarcely几乎不；comfortably舒适地。
由后文“they have a lot of things to do”可知，有很多事情要做，所以是非常忙碌的一天。
6．A.look at B．talk to
C．come across D．play with
答案 B
解析 look at看；talk to和……谈话；come across偶遇；play with和……玩耍。由前文
“Friendship can be heard.”和后文“not just the words”可知，友谊体现在他们相互交谈的方
式上，而不仅仅是言语。
7．A.felt B．rewarded
C．taken D．remembered
答案 A
解析 feel感觉到；reward回报；take拿走；remember记得。由后文的“a casual touch”可
知，友谊是在不经意的接触中感受到的。
8．A.hurts B．cares
C．expresses D．knows
答案 C
解析 hurt伤害；care关心；express表达；know知道，了解。由后文“more than words”
可知，言语是可以表达友谊的，而触摸比言语能表达更多友谊。
9．A.unlikely B．immediately
C．hopefully D．unwillingly
答案 B
解析 unlikely不可能的；immediately立刻；hopefully有希望地；unwillingly不愿意地。由
前文“触摸比言语能表达更多友谊”和后文“understood and received”可知，通过触摸，友
谊可以立即被理解和接受。
10．A.overcooked B．tasty
C．homemade D．expensive
答案 C解析 overcooked烹调过度的；tasty美味的；homemade家里做的；expensive贵的。由下文
的“there is the love of the wife”可知，友谊尝起来就像家里做的面包。
11．A.rice B．flour
C．corn D．wheat
答案 B
解析 rice大米；flour面粉；corn玉米；wheat小麦。由上文“bread”和常识可知，面包是
用面粉做的。
12．A.mixing B．planting
C．changing D．praying
答案 A
解析 mix 混合；plant 种植；change 改变；pray 祈祷。由本句的“her hands are
them together and her as she waits for the dough(生面团) to rise”可知，做面包的时
候要用手把面粉混合。
13．A.performance B．confidence
C．patience D．dependence
答案 C
解析 performance 表演；confidence 自信；patience 耐心；dependence 独立。由后文的
“waits for the dough(生面团) to rise”可知，等待面团发起来需要耐心。
14．A.but B．and
C．if D．while
答案 B
解析 but但是；and和，并且；if如果，是否；while当……的时候。由上文“They cannot
be seen”和后文“they cannot be measured”可知，前后两句是并列关系，因此用and连接。
15．A.make B．ignore
C．hide D．hold
答案 A
解析 make制造，产生；ignore忽视；hide躲藏；hold持有。由后文的“The difference you
taste is .”可知，它们的存在会带来很大的不同，make a difference，固定短语，意
为“有影响，起作用”。
16．A.time B．comfort
C．love D．money
答案 C
解析 time时间；comfort舒服；love爱；money钱。由上文“there is the love of the wife”
可知，你品尝到的不同是爱。
17．A.back B．awayC．together D．down
答案 B
解析 back向后；away离开；together一起；down向下。由本句的“like your home when
you step into it after being for a long time”可知，句子表示“在你离开了很长一段
时间之后”，因此空格处意为“离开”。
18．A.well-known B．donated
C．divided D．burnt
答案 D
解析 well-known出名的；donated被捐赠的；divided被分开的；burnt烤煳的。由后文的
“your clumsy(笨手笨脚的) brother made especially for you”可知，笨手笨脚的哥哥做的是烤
煳的饼干。
19．A.broadened B．spoken
C．understood D．surrounded
答案 C
解析 broaden 扩大；speak 说；understand 感悟，理解；surround 包围。由下文“by the
heart”可知，友谊被心灵感悟。
20．A.offer B．enjoy
C．appreciate D．miss
答案 A
解析 offer提供；enjoy喜欢；appreciate欣赏；miss错过。由上文“the best thing that life
has to”可知，此处指体验生活给我们提供的最好的东西。
