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查补易混易错点 08 语法填空之有提示词
年份 2022年 2021年
新高考 全国卷 新高考 全国卷
卷区
I卷 II卷 乙卷 甲卷 I卷 II卷 乙卷 甲卷
体裁 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文 说明文 记叙文
中国政府 正在修车 中 国 商 一名有视 介绍黄山 作者为了 介 绍 新 介绍作者
计划建立 的 Henry 会 博 物 力障碍的 的云海、 保 护 环 兴 生 态 浏览西安
大熊猫国 拯救了小 馆 庆 祝 北京男子 温泉及台 境，减少 旅 游 的 长城的活
主题 家公园 男孩的故 徒步旅行 阶 使用塑料 动
第 一 个 概 念 、
事 “一路一 垃圾
国 际 茶 起 源 及
带”事情
日 原则
谓语
2 2 1 1 1 1 0 2
动词
非谓
语动 2 2 4 3 0 2 2 2
词
有 名词 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1
提 形容
0 1 1 2 3 2 2 2
示 词
词 副词 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
数词 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
代词 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
【题型说明】
1、(1). 在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10空白；(2). 分为提示词型和无提示词型两种。
2、该题型强调在语篇环境中考查考生加工处理语言信息、分析句子结构、熟练运用语法知识和词汇知识
的能力。
3.有提示词填空有6处或7处，考查侧重点排序如下：(1)、动词的时态和语态及非谓语词；(2)、词性转换,
以动词或名词转换为形容词、形容词转换为副词为主。无提词填空有3处或4处，以考查介词、连词和
词及从句引导词为主。
【命题分析】
近几年语法填空的难度不大，所考查语法较为基础，未来高考的考点分布会更加均匀和细化。
语法填空分为有提示词填空题型和无提示词填空题型。有提示词填空题型要求考生用括号内所给词的适当形式填空，题中给出的王要是动词、形容词、副词和名词几大词类，考生需根据语境填出正确的词形。
无提示词填空题型需要考生根据语境在设空处填入符合上下文逻辑、法、句法的词汇，主要查冠词、连词
(并列句)、介词、情态动词、(定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句等的)引导词等，每空只填一词。考生可根
据语境判断设空处所表示的含义，通过分析句子成分确定词性。
考法1 提示词是动词
当括号内提示词是动词时，应先判断设空处为谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
(1)、若句中缺少谓语，则主要考查动词的时态、语态、主谓一致等。其解题方法为：
①根据语境或句中的时间标志词确定时态；
②根据主语和谓语之间的主被动关系确定动词的语态(考生应注意被动语态的特殊用法，如主动形式表示被
动含义)；
③注意主谓一致。
(2)、若句中已有谓语，且设空处不是作并列谓语，则考虑填非谓语动词。其解题方法为：
①根据非谓语动词在句中所作的句于成分、句式要求等，确定应用动名词、现在分词、过去分词还是不定
式(作主语或宾语常用动名词或不定式，作目的状语要用不定式，而作时间、原因、伴随等状语常用现在分
词或过去分词)。
②寻找逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语与所给动词之间的关系(如果它们之间是主动关系，则用现在分词形式；如
果是被动关系，则用过去分词形式；但当含有被动意义时，如果非谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则用动
词不定式的被动式；如果非谓语动词表示的动作正在进行，则用动词-ing形式的被动式);
③分析所给动词表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作发生的先后顺序，确定是用一般式还是完成式。
[全国新高考1 2020·38] The80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example,_________(form)the core
collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.
【解析】句意为：例如，汉斯·斯隆爵士收藏的8万件藏品是1759年开放的大英博物馆的核心藏品。分析
句子成分可知，该空为主句的谓语；根据语境可知，此处讲述的是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时，
故填 formed.。
考法2 提示词是形容词或副词
如果括号内提示词是形容词或副词,主要考查点有:(1)、词性转换，如形容词和副词之间的转换、形容词或副词与名词、动词之间的转换。其解题方法为：首
先应分析句子结构，确定要填的词在句中充当的成分，然后根据构词法将括号中的词转化为需要的词类。
如修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子要用副词；修饰名词要用形容词。当词性不一定要变时，要注意与
词根意义相反的派生词，如在所给提示词前加前缀un-, im-, in-, il-, dis-, mis-等
(2)、考查形容词或副词的比较等级。考生可根据句中出现的标志词 than或“the+比较级,he+比较级”及句
中的隐含比较意义确定用比较级还是最高级。
[全国I 2020·62] Landing on the moon'' s far side is__________(extreme)challenging.
【解析】句意为:着陆在月球的背面是极具挑战性的。分析句子成分可知，此处用于修饰形容词
challenging,应用副词，故填 extremely。
考法3 提示词是名词
当提示词是名词时，一般考查其复数形式、名词所有格等，或转换成其他词类，如转换成形容词形式。
其解题方法为：
(1)、根据题干的语法结构，特别是空前的限定词判断词性，冠词、代词、数词、形容词等之后应用名词。
(2)、确定词性为名词后，再确定名词可数与不可数，用单数还是复数，用名词的所有格还是其他形式。如
果名词可数,则需根据其前的限定词及谓语动词的形式确定名词单复数。
[全国II 2019·70] We are so proud of her. It's_________(wonder).
【解析】句意为:这太棒了。设空处前有系动词 is，应用形容词作表语，表示主语的特征或状态,故填
wonderful。
考法4 提示词是代词
(1)、解答填写代词的题目时，应注意分析句子结构。若句中缺少主语，则填代词主格、指示代词、不定代
词或it；若动词或介词后缺宾语，则要填代词宾格、指示代词、不定代词或it；若空后为名词，设空处可
填形容词性物主代词或不定代词；若宾语与主语是同一人或物，则用反身代词。
(2)、根据句式结构，判断句子是否为it的特殊句式，即it作形式主语、形式宾语或用在强调句中。
[全国新高考I 2020·42] As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations（模拟） and
imagine_________(they)living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest.
【解析】句意为：在看展时，参观者们还可以利用电脑模拟程序，想象他们生活在一个不同的历史期或穿
行在热带雨林中。分析句子成分可知，此处为 imagine sb. doing sth.结构，设空处为动词 imagine的宾语，且与主语 visitors指的是同一对象，故填反身代词 themselves.
（一）
（2023·浙江1月份高考真题）During China’s dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing ____1____
arranged the residential areas according to social classes. The term “hutong”, ____2____ (original)meaning
“water well” in Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, ____3____ (surround)in concentric(同心的)circles
by the Inner City and Outer City. Citizens of higher social classes ____4____ (permit)to live closer to the center
of the circles. The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials and wealthy businessmen often ____5____
(feature)beautifully carved and painted roof beams and pillars(柱子). The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined
by ____6____ (space)homes and walled gardens. Farther from the center lived the commoners and laborers. Their
siheyuan were far smaller in scale and ____7____ (simple)in design and decoration, and the hutongs were
narrower.
Hutongs represent an important cultural element of the city of Beijing. Thanks to Beijing’s long history
____8____ capital of China, almost every hutong has its stories, and some are even associated with historic
____9____ (event). In contrast to the court life and upper-class culture represented by the Forbidden City, the
Summer Palace, and the Temple of Heaven, the hutongs reflect _____10_____ culture of grassroots Beijingers.
（二）
（2022·全国新高考II卷真题）Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend. When he saw a young
child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre
fence, and held out his arms to catch the ___11___ (fall) child.
Eric Brown, only three years old, knocked Henry down when he fell. The boy is in the hospital and doctors
say he'll be OK.
___12___ Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. On the day of the accident, Mrs.
Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___13___ (sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside. He pushed a chair onto the balcony, and
climbed up ___14___ (see) them. When he looked down, he ___15___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the
edge. He hung on for a few minutes ___16___ screamed for his father, but his father didn't hear him.
Henry ___17___ (fix) his car when he heard the screams. He looked up and saw Eric hanging from thebalcony. He quickly ___18___ (throw) his tools aside, and started running, arms out.
He saved my ___19___ (son) life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know ___20___ to thank him.”
"I just didn't want the boy to be hurt," said Henry.
（三）
（2022·全国高考甲卷真题）A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi’an, as a
first step ___21___ (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.
On the 1,100 kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, ___22___ lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a
car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three province. Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International
Cooperation ___23___ (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the
ancient Silk Road. ___24___ friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___25___ (protect).
Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___26___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than
1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years. Cao ___27___ (walk) through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached
the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___28___ (high) mountain.
Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700
kilometers ___29___ Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept. 20, ____30____ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
（四）
（2023届江西省八所重点中学高三3月份联考英语试题）Martial arts refer to any of the traditional forms of
Asian self-defence or combat that use physical skill and collaboration ____1____ weapons. There are different
forms of martial arts such as Kungfu and Taekwondo. As a martial arts ____2____ (enthusiasm), I find it fun and
exciting. They have had an effect of socially ____3____ (empower) me and have improved my health and
wellbeing. Apart from this, I have observed that traditional martial arts can play a crucial role in our daily lives
once we ____4____ (equip) with the necessary self-defence skills. Of late, domestic violence and abuse cases
____5____ (increase) globally and in most cases, the victims are women and youngers, of ___6___ most are
usually in a disadvantaged position as the ____7____ (major) of them possess little to no self-defence skills. It can
therefore be useful for people to learn and practice martial arts to be able to physically defend ___8___ (they). I
feel martial arts have a role to play in the civil and modern society as they are ____9____ safer option of self-
defence, compared to using weapons as defence mechanisms. Under any form of physical attack, I find traditional
martial arts as perhaps one of the _______10_______ (cheap) to fight perpetrator.
（五）（安徽省部分学校2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题）On February 14, 2021, Austin resident Ryan
Sivley was on his way to the neighborhood store to stock up on some goods ___11___ he noticed many vehicles
trapped on the icy roadside. “It was like a sea of cars,” he told the Washington Post. “Some people ___12___
(stick) in snowbanks and ditches (沟渠).”
___13___ (fortunate), Sivley owned a four-wheel drive, which was fully equipped with hooks, chains and
recovery tow straps (拖带), and capable of pulling over 40, 000 pounds. He got down to offering help. In most
___14___ (case). Sivley secured the vehicle to his truck and towed it to an area where the owner could safely drive
away. However, in some instances, ___15___ 40-year-old man pulled the cars all the way to the final destination.
By the end of the day, the effort to help a few stuck vehicles had turned into a full-on rescue. “I went from helping
one person to three people, to five people,” Sivley said. “At 434 cars, I stopped ___16___ (count). So many
people were still trapped and they seemed ___17___ (hope).”
Actually, ___18___ would have been enough for most people was just a start for Sivley. Over the week, he
transported hundreds of healthcare workers to and from work. As news of his ___19___ (generous) spread, other
truck owners reached out, and Sivley was soon managing a network of rescuers. While some people helped pay for
the gas, Sivley never asked _____20_____ (compensate) for all his hard work!
（六）
（河南省名校青桐鸣2022-2023学年高三3月月考英语试题）A slow train in Southwest China possessing its
own study room has attracted much attention from netizens ___21___ (recent).
The train No 5609/5610, running between Chongqing and Xiushan county, is ___22___ public-welfare “slow
train”. In some carriages, some seats have been replaced with desks and chairs next to the windows to transform
them into “study carriages” for passengers in need. A lot of inspirational slogans can ___23___ (see) throughout
the carriages.
In___24___ (add) to No 5609/5610, other “slow trains” have been upgraded (升级) with “study carriages”,
including No 5619/5620 and 5633/5634, ___25___ run along the Chengdu-Kunming Railway. Students from
nearby schools often take the train between school and home. The trains are their “school buses” and many
passengers use their travel time to complete homework.
On train No Z150, a___26___ (transform) “book bar” carriage has been welcomed by college students. There
are nearly 400 universities and colleges in the cities along the line, ___27___ (make) train No Z150 the first
choice for most students on those campuses. Since 2015, the train’s dining car ___28___ (be) open for free at
night to provide returning students with a lending library, free tea___29___ other services. These small_____30_____ (measure) taken by the railway department are a welcome comfort for passengers in need of a
relaxing place to continue their studies.
（七）
（山西省三晋名校联盟2022-2023学年高三下学期顶尖计划联考英语试题）Two villages have been named
the Best Tourism Villages 2022 by the World Tourism Organization, thanks to their achievements in balancing
tourism with economic development while___31___(stick) to environmental protection.
According to the organization, 32 villages in 18 countries and regions including Austria, Chile and
China___32___(award) the recognition late on Tuesday. China’s Dazhai village in the Guangxi Zhuang
autonomous region___33___Jingzhu village in Chongqing won the recognition.
Figures cited from the county’s culture and tourism bureau show that tourism development in
Dazhai___34___(bring) great economic benefits to villagers and created more jobs for them since the village
started to develop tourism around 2003.
___35___the bureau has pointed out, though the village only received 32,000 visits in 2004, the number
rose___36___(sharp) to nearly 798,000 in 2019 before COVID-19 emerged. The villagers’ average income among
its 1,212 people of 271 households, also saw___37___rise from 700 yuan per year ($100) to over 34, 500 yuan in
2019, the bureau said.
Jingzhu village, the other village___38___(recognize) by the World Tourism Organization this year is located
in Wulong district of southwest Chongqing and over half of the villagers work in the tourism industry.
The World Tourism Organization began to award Best Tourism Villages across the world in
2021___39___(promote) the cultural heritage protection and sustainable development of villages. China so far has
four villages winning the title,____40____the other two being Yucun village in Zhejiang and Xidi village in Anhui.
（八）
（江西省重点中学盟校2022-2023学年高三下学期第一次联考英语试题）With the New Year _____41_____
(arrive) in Northeast China, days and nights become extremely cold, but it’s also a peak season for winter tourism.
In this season, the provinces of Jilin and Heilongjiang, for instance, are working hard_____42_____(expand)
activities in the wonderlands of ice and snow, _____43_____conventional activities include skiing and
unconventional ones include art extravaganzas(狂欢节), featuring ice sculptures.
The 2022 Winter Olympics were held in the country’s north, in early 2022. In the region, Jilin has kept
_____44_____ (it) focus on building a snow-and-ice_____45_____ (industry) system combining tourism, sports,
culture and equipment manufacturing. Over the past five years, the province_____46_____ (develop) an ice-and-snow industry in “Jilin style” and seen achievements in innovation, policy_____47_____ (guide), “breakthrough
ideas”, and cultural confidence, said Mu Dapeng, director of the provincial sports bureau.
Now, the province has some 75 ski resorts, which can handle up to 100,000 people a day, _____48_____
(make) Jilin the skiing hub of the country. According to a provincial development plan, _____49_____ monetary
size of its ice-and-snow industry is expected to reach 250 billion yuan by 2025. The province will aim to complete
the construction of a large ice-and-snow sports resort_____50_____ one of the major areas engaging 300 million
people in winter sports in the country.
（九）
（河北省石家庄市部分重点高中2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题）Although the impact of
climate change on the world’s oceans was the biggest marine story in 2022, plenty of other___51___ (amaze)
saltwater milestones deserve attention. Scientists found that the largest plant in the world is a seagrass. Researchers
also added a piece to the puzzle of one of the world’s most mysterious animal migrations and___52___(witness) the
record impact of an underwater eruption. The impacts of climate change on oceans aren’t just___53___drop in the
bucket (桶). Our seas are becoming___54___(warm) and more acidic—and melting sea ice is leading to global sea
level rise. At the United Nations Climate Change Conference, or COP27,___55___(hold) this November in Egypt,
many ocean problems and some possible___56___(solution) came into focus.
Scientists announced that summers with no Arctic Ocean sea ice are pretty much a guarantee, no matter what
efforts are made to reduce carbon in___57___ (we) atmosphere. This means new shipping paths will be reliably
open, but it also means that species that thrive (茁壮成长) on sea ice will have to adapt___58___(significant) and
may suffer. Despite reports that highlighted the negative impacts of a warming climate on the ocean, hope
was___59___the menu at the conference as well. The United States and Norway launched a Green Shipping
Challenge,___60___encourages governments, ports and companies to transform the industry via sustainable
methods and green technologies.
（十）
（湖北省八市2022-2023学年高三3月联考英语试题）Terry Townshend is an ecologist from the UK. In late
October, he climbed to the roof of a building to check out a hand-sized recording device ____61____(lay) there to
catch the sounds of migratory birds (候鸟) at Beijing’s Olympic Park. Every two weeks, he came here to collect
data and share it ____62____ universities’ research centres for this year’s bird tracking study.
As a birdwatcher ____63____ has lived in Beijing for over a decade, Townshend founded a website
____64____ formed a group for fellow enthusiasts. He works to raise environmental ____65____(aware) amongpeople to help save some of China’s most endangered birds, initiating projects to track some of Beijing’s celebrated
birds.
Though observing the migratory birds in Beijing____66____(be) one of Townshend’s main activities now, his
bond with China was established twelve years ago. At that time, the non-governmental organization Townshend
once worked with was invited by the Chinese government ____67____(cooperate) in boosting support for China’s
general environmental laws on climate change. As the project leader, Townshend came to-China for the first time.
After getting to know the country, he decided to stay here for ____68____(far) research.
“China ____69____(value) the recovery of nature in past decades. With the efforts to carry out various
targeted protections toward nature, ____70____ future looks bright for China’s biodiversity. ”Townshend said.
