文档内容
专题 05 三大从句 并列连词
目 录
01 挑战真题·查知识漏洞
02 回顾教材·补知识漏洞
回顾知识体系
回顾核心考点
易混易错归纳
03 知识通关演练
1. 【2023年北京卷】 It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____smells are dangerous
or not: we learn.
【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：
我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的
句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的 or not可知，
此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
2. 【2023.6新高考1卷】Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatle's song
"The Long and Winding Road". 1 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-
world scenes.
【答案】what
【解析】考查名词性从句。分析题目，空格处无提示词。分子句子结构可知，_____is sobreathing about the experience 作 is 的主语，为主语从句。从句中缺少主语，指代事情；且
空格位于句首。故填What。
3. 【2019年北京卷】What students do at college seems to matter much more than ___8___they
go.
【答案】where.
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。
这里表达去哪所大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where
4. 【2019 年全国卷 Ⅰ】. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___they
range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
【答案】that
【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be句型，且结构完整，
空格后为同位语从句，解释说明中心词evidence的内容，故填that。回顾核心考点
考点一
从句的基础概念
由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。所谓主句，就是在复合句中起
统领作用的句子，它是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；而从句则是复合句的一个句子成
分，不能独立存在。
如：You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。
主句是You’ll feel better，从句是after you take the pills，由after引导，在整个复合句中用作
状语，表示时间。
注意，英语的复合句不是简单句的反面，不要将它误解为“复杂句”。事实上，英语的简
单句有时也可以比较“复杂”，而复合句也可以比较“简单”。
如：He stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。
这个句子比较“简单”，却是一个典型的复合句，其中的 he stopped是主句，because he
was tired是从句，在复合句中用作状语，表示原因。
考点二
名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句）
所有的名词性从句均不能用逗号分开，并且它们都用相同的关联词，关联词如下：
① 主从连词：that (无意义), whether (是否), if (是否)（在句子中不充当任何成分）
② 连接代词：who (谁), whom (谁), whose (谁的), what (什么), which (哪一个)③ 连接副词：when (什么时候), where (什么地方), how (怎样), why (为什么)
主从连词只起连接作用，连接代词和连接副词除了起连接作用外，还充当从句某一个成分
另外，可以用whatever, whichever, whoever, who(m)ever等连接代词引导名词性从句，来加
强语气。
（一）主语从句（subject clause）
在主句中用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。
That he will come to the discussion is certain.他来参加讨论是确定的。
When the meeting is to be held has not yet been decide. 会议什么时候召开还没有决定。
主语从句放在句首，句子常常显得比较笨重，因此通常可以把 it放在句首，作形式主语，
而将主语从句放在后面。例如上面的句子可以分别改写为：
It is certain that he will come to the discussion.
It has not yet been decide when the meeting is to be held.
（二）宾语从句（object clause）
在主句中作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。
在引导宾语从句时，从属连词that在口语中和非正式文本中常省略。
（1）动词后的宾语从句
We know that a parrot can’t really speak.我们知道鹦鹉不会真的说话。
He wants to tell us what he thinks.他想告诉我们他所想的事情。
The club will give whoever wins a prize. 获胜者俱乐部将颁奖。
（2）形容词的宾语从句
有些形容词可以用that引导宾语从句，表示说话人对某一事物的态度并带有感情色彩。
常见的这类形容词有：
afraid, amazed, astonished, aware, certain, confident, delighted, glad, grateful, happy, proud, sad,
sorry, sure, surprised等。
例如：
I am glad that you have come. 你来了，我真高兴。
I am afraid that you are wrong on this point.恐怕你在这点上是错误的。
（三）表语从句（predicative clause）在主句中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。
One idea is that fish is the best brain food.有一种看法认为鱼是最好的补脑食品。
The problem is where we can hold our meeting.问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。
That is what he really wants.那就是他真想要的东西。
（四）同位语从句（常考）
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词 that引导，由于先行名词的
意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。
常见的先行名词有：
fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision. 有时由
于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
如：
She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show.
The news came that their team had won the championship.
名词性从句常考易错点
1．that 引导主语从句时，that 没有意义，但不能省略。
2．从句作主语时，多数情况下由 it 作形式主语，而把主语从句放在后面，尤其是谓语部
分（包括宾语）较短的情况下。
3．whether 既可以引导主语从句也可以引导宾语从句，但 if不能引导主语从句。whether
后面可以加or not, 而if 不能与or not 连用。
作介词宾语时不用if.如：
①Whether I knew John doesn’t matter. = It doesn’t matter whether I knew John.
我是否认识约翰没有关系。
②Whether or not she’ll come isn’t clear. = Whether she’ll come or not isn’t clear. = It isn’t clear
whether ….
她是否来还不清楚。
考点三定语从句
定语从句常考易错点1)当先行词是
all,anything,everything,something,nothing 等 不 定 代 词 或 先 行 词 前 有
first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从
句。
如：That is all that I've heard from him.
He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon.
2)关系代词的省略
在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可
省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
如：
This is one of those things with which we have to put up.
This is one of those things (whic hthat) we have to put up with.
3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当
于一个“介词+which”的结构。
如：
Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through
the drawings.
No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day.
考点四状语从句
地点状语从句：
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her.
原因、结果和目的状语从句：
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in
that等。
Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well.
2)引导结果状语从句的连词有：so...that,such...that
,so that,that,so等。
Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave.
3)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,in order that,for fear that,lest 等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station.
条件和让步状语从句：
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有 if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in
case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。
As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data.
2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有 though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter
what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句
可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名
词）+as+主语+谓语”。
No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind.
Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young
总结：从句的两大特点
1.从句引导词
英语中的从句有个特点，就是通常要用一个词来“引导”，这个词我们就称它为“引导
词”。不同的从句往往需要不同的引导词来引导，即使同一个词可用于引导多种从句，那
它的用法和意思有所相同，如when可用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等，它的
意思是“什么时候”。
如：
When he will come is still unknown. 他什么时候来还不知道。
The question is when he did it. 问题是他什么时候干了此事。
I don’t know when the meeting will start. 我不知道会议什么时候开始。
when还可以引导时间状语从句，它的意思是“当……的时候”。
英语中用于引导从句的引导词何时省略与何时保留是有规律的，要遵循英语习惯，不可随
意省略，否则会导致语法错误。
2. 从句词序
英语中的从句，无论是主语从句还是宾语从句，是定语从句还是状语从句，它都总是使用
陈述句词序，也就是采用“主语+谓语+其他成分”这样的词序。
常考语法点“主将从现”
主将从现是一种出现在状语从句中的语法现象，多指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，
当主句是一般将来时态，则从句要用一般现在时替代一般将来时。因为主将从现出现在状语从句中，在这里我们就以状语从句的几个类别为根据来列举主将
从现的标志性词语。
时间状语从句
when, whenever, since, till, once, as soon as, while, as, before, after
如：I will be a math teacher when I grow up.
条件状语从句
if, unless, as(so)long as
如：If I have extra money, I will pay the bill for you.
原因状语从句
because, since, as, for, now that
如：The tutor will leave here now that you have no problems.
让步状语从句
though, although, even if, even though, however
如：Though you have advantages in this match, I will not give up.
目的状语从句
in order that, so that, that
如：In order that Lily can get the prize, we will have a planin detail.
在条件状语从句中，如果主语是一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时。
一个句子的中心意思体现在主句中，所以判断是否使用主将从现首先要做的是区分主从句
当找到主句，分析其时态为一般将来时或借助某些结构表达将来含义时，则从句使用一般
现在时态。
考点五并列连词
英语中的连词是一种虚词，它可连接词与词或句与句，起连接的作用，但不承担句子成分
连词分从属连词和并列连词，从属连词引导从句，而并列连词连接两个互不依从的词、短
语或分句。
★常见的并列连词及例句
(1)表示并列（递进）关系：
常用并列连词:
and, not only...but also..., 不但…而且…neither..nor..., 既不…也不…not..but...， 不是…而
是…
◣He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.
他有足够的钱，可以随便花钱。
◣Not only does he do well in English,but he does well in maths.他不仅英语学得好，而且数学也很好。
◣Neither was the price satisfactoy,nor did the colour agree with me.
价格不太令人满意,颜色也不太适合我.
◣Reading is fun, not because the writer is telling you something, but because it makes your mind
work.
读书之所以有趣，不是由于作者告诉了你什么，而是由于书本促使你思考。
(2)表示选择关系：
常用并列连接词有
or, 否则either..or..., 要么…那么…otherwise ，否则
◣Come early tomorrow, or you will miss the flight.
明天早上早点来，否则你会错过航班。
◣Either we go by train or we rent a car. Which do you prefer?
我们要么坐火车去，要么租车去。你喜欢哪个？
◣Either you leave now or I call the police!
要么你现在就走，要么我报警！
◣Follow the doctor's advice, otherwise your cough will get worse.
遵照医生的建议，否则你的咳嗽会更严重的。
◣Tom told Howe to hurry up and take his bag; otherwise, they'd miss their train
汤姆告诉豪赶快去拿包；否则他们会赶不上火车。
(3)表示转折关系：
主要并列连词有:but,但是yet,可是while,而，却；表示对比whereas,可是，但是however,但
是，然而nevertheless, 可是，然而
◣She is very cute, but she doesn’t work hard.
她很聪明，但她不努力。
◣She is seriously ill, yet she doesn' t give up hope.
她病得很重，但仍没放弃希望。
◣He likes pop music,while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民族音乐。
◣There're plenty of rain in the southeast,while there's little in the northeast.
东南部雨量充足,而西北部则很少下雨。
◣It’s normally warm in summer, whereas today it’s quite chilly.（whereas用来比较两个意见或
事实）夏天通常非常暖和，可是今天却挺凉的。
◣It was raining heavily, however, my father went to work as usual.
雨下得很大，但是我父亲和平常一样去上班。
◣She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.
她虽然很疲倦，可仍在继续工作。
(4)表示因果关系：
常用的并列连词有:
so，for，therefore ,因此thus , 因此，这样hence, 因此
◣It must have rained last night for it is wet all over.
昨晚一定下雨了，到处都这么湿。
◣The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.
商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。
◣It rained and therefore the football match was postponed.
天下雨，足球赛因此而延期了
◣We don't have enough time，hence we cannot accomplish the task.
我们没有足够的时间，因此我们无法完成任务。
注意：
(1)when 作并列连词，可译为“那时，这时，突然”，相当于and at this/ that time。
常用于下列句式：
①Sb. was doing sth. when...
（当某人正在做某事，这时…）
We were having a meeting when someone broke in.
当时我们正在开会，突然有人闯了进来。
②Sb. was about to/ going to do/on the point of doing sth. when.....
（当某人正要做某事，这时…）
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正打算动身，突然下起了雨。
③Sb. had just done sth.when.....
（当某人刚做完某事，这时…）
I had just finished sweeping the floor when the telephone rang.我刚拖完地，这时电话铃响了。
when可用于引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等，它的意思是“什么时候”。
when还可以引导时间状语从句，它的意思是“当……的时候”。1．Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe，China first had to
put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot ______ it could send signals to the spacecraft and
to Earth.
答案where
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，所填词引导定语从句，修饰 a spot，
且所填词在从句中作地点状语，故填关系副词where。
2．The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane，for example, formed the core collection of
the British Museum ______ opened in 1759.
答案 which/that
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰 the
British Museum(指物)，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which/that。
3．In ancient China lived an artist ______ paintings were almost lifelike.
答案whose
解析 考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处为限制性定语从句，关系词在定
语从句中作定语，修饰paintings。故填whose。
4．They kept their collection at home until it got too big ______ until they died，and then it was
given to a museum.
答案 or
解析 考查并列连词。前后陈述的是两种可能性until it got too big或until they died，故用
or连接。
5．I work not because I have to， ______ because I want to.
【答案】but
【解析】考查并列连词。此处用but与前面not构成not...but...“不是……而是……”结构，
故填but。
6．In much of Asia，especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China，Japan，Korea，
______ Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.【答案】and
【解析】 考查并列连词。China，Japan，Korea与Vietnam是并列关系。故填and。
1.（2024·全国·二模） 8 is also worth mentioning is that if two people were born in the
different Loong years, they may have very different personalities (personality)
考查主语从句。句意：值得一提的是，如果两个人出生在不同的龙年，他们可能会有非常
不同的性格和星座，因为五行是金、木、水、火、土。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语
指物，需用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。
2.（2024·山东济南·一模）Everyone considered it out of date, 4 he thought it deserved
an important position and was determined to make it appreciated (appreciate) by
everyone.
考查连词。句意：每个人都认为它过时了，但他认为它应该享有一个重要的地位，并决心
让每个人都欣赏它。空处前后为完整的句子，上文表示“每个人都认为古琴过时了”，下
文表示“他认为古琴应该享有一个重要的地位”，上下文语义构成转折，空处应用意为
“但是”的并列连词but或yet连接上下文。故填but或yet。
3.（2024·河南信阳·二模）All the books about Ma Mian Qun, whether they are related to
costumes, operas 4 cultural relics, only show that the smooth surface without pleats in
the middle is called “Ma Mian”, but there is no further (far) explanation for the source
of “Ma Mian”.
考查连词。句意：所有关于马棉群的书籍，无论是与服装、戏剧还是文物有关的，都只表
明中间没有褶皱的光滑表面被称为“马面”，而对“马面”的来源并没有进一步的说明。
根据句意可知，本空前后为选择关系，用连词or连接。故填or。
4.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模） 226 is so breathtaking about sugar painting is its
production process.
考查主语从句。句意：糖画的惊人之处在于它的制作过程。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少
主语，主语指物，应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。5.（2024·海南·一模） If so, you might have experienced 142 is called maths anxiety
— the feeling of being extremely nervous when faced (face) with doing basic
mathematics.
考查宾语从句。句意：如果是这样，你可能经历过所谓的“数学焦虑”——面对基本的数
学运算时极度紧张的感觉。引导宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，应用what。故填what。
6.（2024·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）Those 134 were born in the Year of the Dragon are
believed to inherit the dragon’s extraordinary qualities.
考查定语从句 。句意：在龙年出生的人被认为继承了龙的非凡品质。该空需要一个关系词
引导定语从句修饰先行词those，并指代先行词在从句中作主语。先行词为不定代词指代人
时，关系词一般使用关系代词who。故填who。
7.（2024·安徽淮北·一模）Before foundation of Sui Dynasty, China had continuously
(continuous) evacuated several canals, 3 had been suspended due to natural
environment.
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词canals，从句中作
主语，引导非限制性定语从句用关系代词which，故填which。
8.（2024·辽宁盘锦·一模） 53 is so breathtaking about sugar painting is its production
process. With hot sugar poured from a small in spoon onto a flat surface, the outline of the figure
54 (draw) with a thick stream of sugar.
考查主语从句。句意：糖画的惊人之处在于它的制作过程。空处引导主语从句，从句缺少
主语，主语指物，应用连接代词what，首字母大写。故填What。
9.（2024·安徽合肥·一模）Initially, finding drinking water was a headache for residents:
People had to fetch water from five kilometers away every day. To ease (ease) this area’s
water shortages, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, 26
construction was a remarkable engineering achievement.
考查定语从句。句意：为了缓解这一地区的缺水问题，当地政府决定在山区修建一条运河
这是一项了不起的工程成就。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词canal，关系词在从句作定语，
应用whose。故填whose。
10.（2024·四川成都·二模）not only bears the ideas of the Chinese civilization of peace and
harmony but also carries (carry) the common values of humanity such as harmonious family,
social inclusion and sound relationship between man 189 nature.
考查并列连词。句意：中国常驻联合国副代表戴兵在决议通过后表示，春节不仅承载着和平与和谐的中华文明理念，还承载着和谐家庭、社会包容、人与自然良好关系等人类共同
价值观。此处为短语between…and…，表示“……之间”。故填and。
11.（2024·新疆塔城·二模）There is very little 197 (different) between it and
ordinary voting events, in 198 candidates go around to seek supports
考查定语从句。句意：这与候选人四处寻求支持的普通投票活动没有什么区别。分析句子
结构可知，本空与空前的in一起引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 ordinary voting
events，指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作in的宾语，应用关系代词which。故填
which。
12.（2024·福建莆田·二模）local cuisine, folk heritage and the guochao, 210 means
“native wave” and the use of traditional Chinese elements in fashion.
考查定语从句。句意同上。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是
guochao，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
13.（2024·湖南岳阳·二模）The UN General Assembly, in a resolution (决议), acknowledges the
significance of the Lunar New Year, 185 is observed in many UN member states, and
invites the UN bodies at headquarters and other duty stations (station), where observed, to
avoid holding meetings on the Lunar New Year.
考查定语从句。句意：联合国大会在一项决议中承认了许多联合国成员国庆祝农历新年的
重要性，并邀请总部和其他工作岗位的联合国机构避免在农历新年举行会议。非限制性定
语从句修饰先行词the Lunar New Year，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。
14.（2024·河北·一模）Citywalk not only fosters a deeper connection between young individuals
and the city but also offers a new social landscape 181 like-minded people can easily
make friends.
考查定语从句。句意：Citywalk不仅在年轻人和城市之间建立了更深层次的联系，而且提
供了一个新的社会景观，志同道合的人可以很容易地交到朋友。分析句子可知，此处为关
系副词where引导的定语从句，先行词social landscape在从句中作地点状语成分。故填
where。
