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►第 13 讲 并列句和状语从句
（讲义）
【复习目标】
掌握并列连词的用法
掌握九大状语从句连接词的用法
掌握状语从句的省略
【考情分析】
分析近三年新高考试题可知，并列句是每年语法填空的必考题。而九大状语从句在高考中也是热点，
状语从句及并列句的考查常出现在高考试题中的语法填空、阅读和书面表达中。
预计2024年高考并列句和状语从句仍旧会是重要考点。高考主要考查状语从句连接词及并列连词的正
确运用，其次是状语从句的省略(非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换)；另外注意状语从句和定语从句、
名词性从句的区别；状语从句和强调句型的区别。
近年高考真题并列句考点细目表
年份 卷别 题号 并列连词
2023 新高考I卷 58 or
2023 新高考II卷 54 and
2022 新高考I卷 61 and2022 新高考II卷 61 and
2021 新高考I卷 62 and
2021 新高考II卷 62 and
【网络构建】
知识点 一 并列连词
No. 1 并列关系：
and, not only ... but (also), neither ... , nor ... , both ... and
Their car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn for the night.
他们的车在半路上出了故障，他们不得不在一个小旅社过夜。
He asked for ice for his whiskey and proceeded to get drunk.
他要求给他的威士忌里面加冰，接着喝的大醉。
No. 2 选择关系：
or, either ... or ..., otherwise, or else,
Are you coming or not?你来还是不来？
Either you are mad, or I am.
要么你疯了，要么我疯了。
No. 3 转折关系：
but, yet, still, however, while, whereas，not ... but
It isn’t that he lied exactly, but he did tend to exaggerate.
他不见得真的说谎，但他的确是有意夸大。
Mary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.
玛丽是个好女孩，但她有一个缺点。
No. 4 因果关系
for, so, therefore
Someone is coming, for the dog is barking.
有人来了，因为狗叫了。
The shops were closed so I didn't get any milk.
商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。
易错点：for引出的分句只能后置，并用逗号与前面的句子隔开；它主要用来表示推测性的原因，或附带
解释说明前一分句的情况。so用于连接两个句子，第一个叙述原因，第二个表示结果，且because不能与
so连用We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.
我们必须早点动身，因为开车去机场得花两个小时。
No. 5 祈使句+and/or+陈述句
and表示“那么”；or表示“否则”；也可用名词短语+and/or+陈述句
Hurry up, or you’ll be late.快点，否则你要迟到了。
Miss another class and you’ll fail.再缺一次课，那么你就不及格了。
One more minute, and we can finish the job much better.
再给一分钟，我们会把工作做得更好。
No. 6 when表示“正在这时，突然”
When的常见句式
be doing sth. when...
be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when...
had just done sth. when...
I was watching TV when the telephone rang.
我正在看电视，这时电话响了。
We were about to set off when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正要动身，天空突然开始下雨。
I had just finished my homework when John came to me.
我刚写完作业，约翰就来找我了。
No. 7 while表示对比关系“而”
I like English while my little sister is fond of art.我喜欢英语而我的妹妹热爱艺术。
易错点：but/while/however的区别
but表示意义的转折；while既表示转折又表示对比；however为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子
其他部分隔开。
The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.
这次失败对他是个很大的打击，但他并没有沮丧，很快便像以前一样充满热情。
Tom is very good at science, while his brother is absolutely hopeless.
汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药了。
知识点 二 状语从句
概念：在复合句中作状语的从句叫作状语从句。状语从句一般修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。
功能：九大状语从句分别表示（时间、条件、原因、地点、目的、结果、方式、让步、比较） 等意义。
位置：位置灵活，可用于主句之前或之后。
No. 1 时间状语从句
1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句
从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时
when
发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。
while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生
从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可
as
译为“一边……，一边……；随着……”
When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.
我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。
while 表示“在……期间”，从句中常用延续性动词。
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。
As time goes on, it's getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。
注意：（1）如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的
动作时，when/while/as 可以互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street， I came across an old friend of mine.
我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一位老朋友。
(2)when还可表原因，意为“既然”。
How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me？既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？
2．before与since引导的时间状语从句
(1) before与since的常用句式。
连词 常用句式
It will be＋一段时间＋before ... 过……时间才……
before It will not be/was not long＋before ... 不久就会/没多久就……
It was＋时间段＋before ... 过了……(时间)才……
It is/has been＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用一般过去时)
since
It was＋一段时间＋since ... (从句用过去完成时)
It will be half a year before I come back. (……之后才……)
我半年之后才会来。
It won’t be long before we meet again.（不久就......）
用不了多久我们就会再见面。
It was three days before he came back.（过了......才......）
过了三天他才会来。
(2) since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；
若用延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。
It’s three years since he joined the army.(自从......多久了......)
自从他参军已经三年了。
It's two years since we arrived here.
我们到这儿两年了。
It's three years since we lived here.
我们不住在这里有三年了。
(3) “It be＋时间状语＋that＋其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。
It was at eight o'clock that we got home.
正是在八点我们到了家。
(4)“It be＋时间点＋when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。
It was six o'clock when we got home.
当我们到家的时候六点了。
3. 表示“一......就......”
a. as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ...,
hardly/scarcely ... when ... 和once(一……就……)
从句中常用一般时态代替将来时。
The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.
我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.
那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。
b. “on＋v.ing”和“on＋one's＋n.”结构。当v.ing和n.在意义上相对应时，这两个结构可以互换。
On arriving the station, the thief was arrested.
刚到火车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。
On his arrival in Paris he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.
他刚到巴黎，就被认出是位贵族并被投入监狱。
c. no sooner ... than ...，hardly/scarcely ... when ... 句型的时态运用：主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，
而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把 no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首
时，应用倒装语序。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
→No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
→Hardly had he finished his speech when the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
4．till, until和not ... until引导的时间状语从句
(1) “延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。
We walked along the river until/till it was dark.
我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。
(2) “瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。
He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him.
直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。
(3) 强调句型：It is/was not until ... that ...
It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.
直到教授来了，我们才开始做实验。
易错点：（1）till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
Until you told me I had no idea of it.
直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。
（2）not until置于句首，主句要用倒装结构。
Not until the film began did she arrive.
直到电影开始她才到。
5．every time, each time, next time, the last time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……，每
次……，下次……，上次……”等
Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.
每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。
Next time you come, do remember to bring your son here.
下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。
The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。No. 2 条件状语从句
1．if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(＝if ... not)表示反面的条
件，意为“除非，如果不”。
If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。
You'll fail the exam unless you study hard(＝if you don't study hard)．
除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。
2．in case, on condition that, providing(that), provided (that)，supposing (that), suppose (that)等词
汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在……条件下”。
In case there is a fire, what will we do first?
万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？
Suppose/Supposing(that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？
They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it before the weekend.
他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。
3．as long as(＝so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”。
As long as you don't lose heart, you will succeed.
你只要不灰心，就会成功。
4．在“祈使句＋and/or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句。
Run faster and you'll catch the bus.
跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。
Work hard, otherwise you'll fail.
努力干，要不你就会失败的。
5．if only “如果……就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主
句部分倒装。
If only I were as clever as you.
我要是像你一样聪明就好了。
Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom.
学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。
No. 3 让步状语从句
1．although，though，as和while引导的让步状语从句
(1) as引导的从句必须用倒装语序： 表语/状语/动词原形＋as/though＋主语＋其他，若表语是可数名词
单数，前置时要省略冠词。
Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.
尽管他是孩子，但他能辨认出所有车的名字。Much as/though I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.
虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。
（2）though引导的从句可用倒装语序，也可不倒装；although引导的从句不倒装；
（√）Smart though/as she is， she doesn't study hard.
（√）Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。
（√）He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.
虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。
(3) though可用作副词，意为“然而”，表转折，置于句末。
He said he would come； he didn't，though.
他说他会来，可是没有来。
(4) while引导让步状语从句，只能置于句首。
While I admit that there are problems, I don't agree that they cannot be solved.
尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题不能解决。
2．even if与even though 引导的让步状语从句
even if/even though引导让步状语从句时，表示语气更强的让步，意为“即使，即便”。
Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.
蒂姆尽管不怎么锻炼，但体形很好。
Even though/if it rains tomorrow, we'll go there.(陈述语气)
即使明天下雨，我们也要去那里。
Even if I wanted to marry you, my parents would not agree.(虚拟语气)
即使我想和你结婚，我父母也不会同意。
He went out even though it was raining.
尽管在下雨，他还是出去了。
3．“疑问词＋ever”引导的让步状语从句
wherever，(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋ever表示“无论……”，引导让步状语从句时，
相当于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.
总的来说，孩子想要什么就给什么是不明智的。
However/No matter how hard you try，it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
不管你多么努力，如果不减少饭量，减肥很难。
Whatever(＝No matter what) you say, he won't believe you.
无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。
Whoever you are (＝No matter who you are), you must obey the rules.
无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。
易错点： whoever， whatever， whomever， whichever还可以引导名词性从句。
You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。
4．whether...or...引导的让步状语从句
whether...or...意为“无论……还是……”，提供两种对比情况。
All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need
since the disaster.
所有人，无论衰老还是年轻，富裕还是贫穷，都一直在尽他们所能帮助灾后需要帮助的人们。
Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.
不管是她来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都不会变。
No. 4 地点状语从句
地点状语从句是指在复合句中作地点状语的从句，表示空间关系，可置于句首、句中或句末，通常由
从属连词where, wherever等引导。
We should go where the Party needs us most.
我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。
You are free to go wherever you like.
你愿意去哪里就去哪里。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者，事竟成。
Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.
无火不生烟。(无风不起浪)
易混点：注意区分where引导的定语从句与状语从句。
You'd better make a mark where you have any question.(状语从句)
You'd better make a mark at the place where you have any question.(定语从句)
你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。
区分秘籍：状语从句用于说明谓语动作发生的地点，通常跟在谓语动词（短语）后面，where前没有
表示地点的先行词，根据这点很容易判断出句子是不是地点状语从句。
No. 5 目的状语从句
目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (以防)，lest等。
1．so that与in order that
这两个连词都表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词 can, could，may, might等连
用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。
I am studying hard so that/in order that I can enter a famous university.
为了能上一所名牌大学，我一直努力学习。
In order that we could save time we used the computer.我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。(此时不可使用so that)
2．for fear that表示“生怕，以免”，in case表示“以防”。
Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity should leak away.
电池应该放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。
I'll keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.
我给你留个座位，没准儿你会改变主意。
No. 6 原因状语从句
1．引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because, as, since等。并列连词for也可表示原因。每个连词的含义
不尽相同。
连词 位置 内涵 语气 回答why 被强调
because(因为) 主句前或后 直接因果关系 强 能 能
as (由于) 主句前或后
双方都知道的原因 弱 不能 不能
since/now that(既然) 通常位于主句前
for(因为) 位于句后 用于补充说明的原因 弱 不能 不能
He was criticized by the teacher, because he was late for class.
因为他迟到了，老师批评了他。
I can't go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.
我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。
Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion.
既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。
2．when(既然)，也可以引导原因状语从句。
It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.
既然步行5分钟就能到那里，你却去乘出租汽车，真够愚蠢的。
3.其他词引导的原因状语从句
seeing that (鉴于，由于)，considering that (考虑到)， in that(因为)，
now that既然， given that考虑到， for the reason that因为，
Now that you are a high school student, you are responsible for what you do.
既然是高中生了，你就要为你的行为负责。
Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him.
他既然曾经拒绝帮助我们，我们现在没有理由来帮助他。
Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.
考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。No. 7 方式状语从句
1．方式状语从句常由as, just as, as if/though等引导，多置于主句之后。
You ought to write as he does.
你应该像他那样写。
2．as if或as though引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用
陈述语气。
She treats the boy as if he were her own son.
她对待那个男孩就好像他是她的亲生儿子一样。
He walked as though/if he was drunk.
他走起路来就像喝醉了一样。
No. 8 结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有so that, so ... that ... , such ... that ... 。
1．结构形式
There was so little food at home that we had to go out to buy some.
家里快没食物了，我们只好出去买一些。
Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
→Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。
He has made such rapid progress that he was praised by his teacher three times a day.
他取得了如此快的进步，以致老师一天表扬了他三次。
区分口诀：区别so ... that和such ... that的用法：
名前such，形、副so，that从句跟在后；
多多少少必用so，特别注意是little；
“小”用such，“少”用so。
2．当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。
So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能解决所有的难题。
Such was the force of the explosion that all the windows were broken.
爆炸的威力如此巨大，以致所有的窗户都被震破了。
3．so/such ... that ... 引导的结果状语从句与so/such ... as ... 引导的定语从句的区别。
(1) so/such ... that ... 引导结果状语从句时，that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用。
It is such a moving film that we all want to see it.
这是一部如此感人的电影，以至于我们都想去看。(2) so/such ... as ... 中，as引导定语从句，as在从句中作主语或宾语。
It is such a moving film as we all want to see.
这是一部感人的、我们都想看的电影。
No. 9 比较状语从句
1．as ... as ...; not so/as ... as ...; the same ... as ... 表示相同程度的比较，肯定句用as ... as ...，否定句可用
not as ... as或not so ... as。
He doesn't run so/as fast as Jack (does)．
他跑得不如杰克快。
2．than表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级。
He is taller than any other student in our school
他比我们学校的任何一个学生都高。
3．the＋比较级，the＋比较级，表示“越……就越……”
The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
吃得越多，你将越胖。
考向一 并列连词
1.（2023届河北省衡水中学高三下学期五调试题）The new regulation, which came into force starting from
March l,2023, prohibits six kinds of behaviors that harm ancient tea plants ________ their growing environment.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：新规将于2023年3月1日起生效，禁止六种危害古茶树及其生长环境的行为。
分析句意可知，空处填并列连词and表示并列关系，ancient tea plants 与ancient tea plants 两个名词短语并
列，作宾语。故填and。
2.(山东师范大学附属中学2023年高三诊断试题)Harvests grew larger and higher quality, ___ __ ___ another
result was that some traditional crops were lost.
【答案】but/while/yet
【解析】考查连词。句意：收成越来越大，质量越来越高，但另一个结果是一些传统作物失去了。分析句
意可知，此处上下文之间是转折关系，且有逗号隔开，故填but/while/yet。
3. (山东省齐鲁名校2023年高三英语试题)Xi’an and its neighboring area provided crucial reference points for
studies on urban construction, social structures, ________ the formation of central dynasties inancient times.
【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意：西安及其周边地区为研究古代城市建设、社会结构和中央王朝的形成提供了重
要的参考。分析句子成分可知，urban construction，social structures 与后面的 the formation of central
dynasties 构成并列关系。故填 and。考向二 状语从句
1.（2023届浙江省9 1高中联盟年高三5月高考模拟试卷）Many civilian teams actively joined rescue work
________ China increased its aid to Turkey and neighboring Syria.
【答案】as/when
【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：当中国增加对土耳其和邻国叙利亚的援助时，许多民间救援队积极参
与救援工作。分析句子结构和意思可知， China increased its aid to Turkey and neighboring Syria.
是时间状语从句，连词用as/when。故填as/when。
2.（2023届四川省绵阳市高三上学期一诊试题） ___ ___ ___ there have been other rice experiments in space, the
one being conducted on Tiangong is the first of its kind. The aim is to produce the complete life cycle of the plant.
【答案】Although/Though/While
【解析】考查状语从句连接词。句意：虽然在太空中也有过其他的水稻试验，但在天宫上进行的这次试验
是这种类型的第一次。分析句子结构可知，“there have been other rice experiments in space”与“the one
being conducted on Tiangong is the first of (it) kind.”两句间是转折关系，应填Although或者
Though或者While意为“虽然，尽管”之意，引导让步状语从句。故填Although/Though/While。
1.（2023年新高考II卷）It’s been a privilege to watch the panda programme develop _____54____to see
the pandas settle into their new home.
【答案】 and
【解析】考查连词。句意：我很荣幸看到熊猫项目的开发以及看到熊猫入住他们的新家。根据句意可知，
此处应填并列连词and。
2.（2021年浙江1月卷） In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index (体重指数) across 200 countries,
the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier 56 t hat most of the rise is due to gains in BMI
in rural areas.
【答案】 And
【解析】考查连词。句意：在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中，科学家们发现，世界各地的
人们体重越来越重，而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。分析句子结构可知，that people worldwide
are getting heavier和that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.都是found引导的宾语从句，是并
列关系，故填and。
3.（2023年全国乙卷）It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work, ____ 65 ____ somehow these two
very different worlds make a good combination.
【答案】but
【详解】考查连词。句意：但不知何故，这两个截然不同的世界却很好地结合在了一起。空前“It is a
distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn’t work,”和空后“somehow these two very different worlds make a
good combination.”之间存在转折关系，用but。故填but。
