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查补易混易错 01 阅读理解之细节题
新高考卷 全国卷
2022 2021 2022 2021
卷I 卷II 卷I 卷II 乙卷 甲卷 乙卷 甲卷
细节理解
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题
推理判断
7 5 5 5 5 3 6 8
题
词义猜测
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题
主旨大意
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题
题型特点
细节理解题考查原文提到的特定细节或具体事实，题干针对原文具体内容本身发问，它在高考阅读理
解中所占比例一般保持在30%--50%，常见的类型有：直接信息题、间接信息题和数字计算题，选项特点：
正确选项特征
1.原文原词。用原文原词作为正确选项。
2.同义替换。常见方法有：①对原文中的关键词进行同义替换，如把use up换成run out of;②把原文中
的一些词变换词性，如把修饰语important变换成of importance;③改变原文句子的语态，如主动语态与
被动语态的转换。
3.信息归纳。用精炼的语言概括原文中比较分散或复杂的信息，设置为正确选项。
干扰选项特征
1.文不对题。是原文信息，但不是与题目对应的内容。
2.张冠李戴。细节与原文一致，但把本来做该事的“张三”换成“李四”。
3.无中生有。符合常识，但原文未提及。
4.偷梁换柱。与原文信息极其相似，但在关键信息处改变了或所指对象等从而改变具体内涵
5.扩缩范围。如原文用almost,all,nearly,more than,normally,转换。usually等词对信息加以限制，干
扰选项则改变了限定范围。
6.颠倒是非。与原文信息大相径庭甚至完全相反。
7.正误参半。内容部分正确，部分错误。常用解题方法
方法1 题干定位法
所谓题干定位法，就是解题之前要先看题目，根据题中所提的信息确定关键词，然后带着问题快速地
浏览原文，运用略读( skimming)的技巧方法迅速锁定与who, what, when, where等问题有关的细节关键
词，确定题目考查范围，准确理解，作出选择。对于广告、演出信息、讲座安排等阅读题目，“题干定位
法”会帮助考生得到事半功倍的效果。
【全国Ⅱ 2020·A】Dove Cottage& The Wordsworth Museum
Discover William Wordsworth's inspirational home. Take at our of his Lakeland cottage, walk through his
hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum. Visit the shop and relax in the cafe.
Exhibitions, events and family activities throughout the year.
Open: Daily, 09. 30-17.30 (last admission 17.00).
Town: Grasmere
23. Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth's life?
A. Penrith. B. Kendal. C. Carlisle. D. Grasmere
【解析】根据题干中的 Wordsworth's life可定位至Dove Cottage& The Wordsworth Museum部分。根据本部
分中的Town: Grasmere可知，该博物馆位于格拉斯米尔，人们可以在这里探索华兹华斯的生平。故选D项。
方法2 “断章取义”法
带着问题，有针对性地扫读原文，迅速锁定相关词句或信息点，然后寻找相关的同义或反义表达，围
绕主旨深刻理解材料。当问到 what, when, which, where 等具体信息时，往往有 according to the author/
passage这样的限制语，回答时，一定要以文章所谈到的内容为依据，切忌凭自己的观点和经验去选择不符
合文章内容的答案。
【全国Ⅲ 2020·C】 Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol-one of a growing
number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof. They share a front door and a
washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom,bedroom and living room on the groundfloor.
28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
A.Nick. B. Rita. C.Kathryn D. The daughters.
【解析】根据本段中的 they all moved into a three-- storey Victorian house in Bristol but Rita Whitehead has her
own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor可知，丽塔居住在一楼，因此主要使用一
楼的应是丽塔，故选B项。
方法3 首尾定位法
解答排序题时，可最先找出第一个和最后一个事件，快速缩小选择范围，从而迅速选出答案。另外，
也可以先不看四个选项，而是先把所给的事件排序，然后与备选项进行对照；若有相同排序的选项则基本
可定为答案，之后再进行检查。
On Thursday night, while Pina was babysitting her granddaughter, nephew and two nieces in her sister's
apartment,she smelled smoke and realized the apartment building was on fire. When her 4-year-old granddaughter
Garcia began saying,"We're going to die", she knew she had to act. Pina, first sealed the door, and then told all four
children to lie on the floor. After calling 911, she told the children to start singing and promised them all treats as
soon as they reached safety.
When Pina saw the fire, which is the right order of what she did according to Paragraph 2?
①told children to lie on the floor ②let children start singing ③sealed the door ④called 911
A.③①④② B.④③①② C.③④①② D.①③④②
【解析】根据本段中的Pina, first sealed the door,, and then told all four children to lie on the floor. After calling
911, she told the children to start singing..可知，皮纳首先封住门，接着让孩子们躺在地板上，之后报警，然
后让孩子们开始唱歌。故选A项。
方法4 查读分析法
在处理数字计算题时，首先通读题干明确题目要求，然后迅速找到与之相关的数字，对其进行分析、
整合，并结合题干计算出正确答案。
【全国Ⅱ 2020·A】
Dalemain Mansion Historic Gardens
History, Culture Landscape ) Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history, 5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, home to the International Marmalade
Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums Mediaeval Hall Tearoom.
Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun to Thurs.
Tearoom, Gardens Gift Shop: 10:30-17.00(16:00 in Oct).
House: 11:15---16.00(15:00in 0ct)
Town: Pooley Bridge ＆Penrith
21. When is the House at Dalemain Mansion Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July?
A.09:30---17:30 B.10:30---16:00 C.11:15---16:00 D.12:00---16:30
【解析】根据题千中的 Dalemain Mansion& Historic Gardens可定位至文中介绍的第一个景点。根据Open部
分中House的开放信息 House: 11:15-16:00(15:00 in Oct)).可知,3月到9月期间, House在周日到周四的开放时
间为11:15--16:00。7月在这个时间段内,故选C项。
方法5 词语复现法
细节理解题的词语复现指的是：正确答案选项中的单词或短语与原文中的单词或短语构成一种重复出
现的关系，可分为：同义词复现、反义词复现同根词复现或原词复现。同义词和反义词复现指选项中用与
原文具有相同意义或相反意义的单词或短语来表达相同或相反意思的复现形式：同根词复现是指词根相同、
意义相似的单词在选项中的复现形式；原词复现是指同一单词或短语在选项中和阅读材料中同时出现。运
用复现策略解题时，首先要定位与问题相关的句子，然后观察和分析该句子前后的句子是否符合复现的情
况。
【全国2020·C】As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are
uncommon among race walkers. But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips,
so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to
try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It
takes some practice.
29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
A. It's more popular at the Olympics. B. It's less challenging physically.
C. It's more effective in body building. D. It's less likely to cause knee injuries.
【解析】根据本段第一句中的 some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommonamong race walkers可知，跑步时常见的膝盖受伤在竞走者中是很少见的。由此可知，这是竞走相对于跑步
而言的一个优势。故选D项。
（一）
（2022年·全国新高考II卷真题）We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new
multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
1．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Provided shelter for me. B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me. D．Worked quite well on me.
2．Why did the kid poke the storybook?
A．He took it for a tablet computer. B．He disliked the colorful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa. D．He wanted to read it by himself.3．What does the author think of himself?
A．Socially ambitious. B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent. D．Digitally competent.
4．What can we learn about the author as a journalist?
A．He lacks experience in his job. B．He seldom appears on television.
C．He manages a video department. D．He often interviews internet stars.
【参考答案】
1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经是一名记者，在春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，
孙子却以为是平板电脑，不停地戳书。
【详情解析】
1．【B】词句猜测题。根据第一段“We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia
tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.”以及画线词后文“as I was
sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个
讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。
而这在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上，尤其清楚认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清
楚”。故选B。
2．【A】细节理解题。根据第五段中“He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.(事实上，他对书本并不熟悉。他的父亲经常用一台装有彩色图片的平板
电脑逗他开心，当你戳它们的时候，这些图片就会变得栩栩如生。他认为我的故事书就是那样的)”可知，
那孩子戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板电脑。故选A。
3．【D】细节理解题。根据倒数第三段中“Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally
speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites. (我可能老了，但从数字
角度来说，我还没有毫无希望的挑战。我编辑视频，制作音频。我用移动支付。我甚至建立了网站)”可知，
作者认为自己懂数码技术。故选D。
4．【B】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however:
I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.(然而，在我的新媒体体验中有一个
明显的差距：我很少在镜头前呆着，因为我的脸是为电台而生的)”可知，作者作为记者他很少上电视。故
选B。（二）
（2022年·全国高考甲卷真题）As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group
of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅) longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-
started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and
her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
5．Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A．Try challenging things. B．Take a degree.
C．Bring back lost memories. D．Stick to a promise.
6．What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A．Lovely penguins. B．Beautiful scenery.
C．A discount fare. D．A friend’s invitation.
7．What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A．It could be a home for her. B．It should be easily accessible.
C．It should be well preserved. D．It needs to be fully introduced.
8．What is the text mainly about?
A．A childhood dream. B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world. D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.【参考答案】
5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了71岁的Ginni Bazlinton从小就对旅行有着深深的热爱，渴望探险，
不再跳舞和孩子们成家立业之后，她开始周游世界，并在2008年开始了前往南极洲的旅程。
【详情解析】
5．【A】词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句“After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts,
Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.(在奇切斯特大学获
得相关艺术学位后，Ginni开始周游世界，最终在日本和智利找到了教英语的工作。)”可知，此处是指做有
挑战性的事情，所以take the plunge意为“尝试有挑战性的事情”。故选A。
6．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段中的“And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap
deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tiera del Fuego. (正是在智利，她发现自己可以在最后一
刻买到从火地岛附近岛屿前往南极洲的廉价船票)”可知，是折扣的票价让Ginni决定去南极洲旅行的。故
选C。
7．【C】细节理解题。根据最后一段“The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans,
was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni. (意识到这是一块宝贵的土地，应该受到人类的尊重，这
是Ginni最深刻的感受之一)”可知，旅行结束后，Ginni认为南极洲应该得到很好的保护。故选C。
8．【B】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了Ginni Bazlinton去南极旅行的经历，再根据第一段
“These gentle lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.
(这些温柔可爱的看门人欢迎了她，并开始了一次Ginni永远不会忘记的旅行)”和倒数第二段Ginni Bazlinton
对南极之旅的评价可知，文章主要介绍了Ginni Bazlinton的南极洲之旅让她非常难忘。由此可知，An
unforgettable experience. (一次难忘的经历) 能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
（三）
（2022年·全国高考乙卷真题）The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much
money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per
100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers
are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make £520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six
months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate £240m for the yearending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制
造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of
manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been
forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar
content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to
change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax,
as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by
raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to
have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
9．Why was the sugar tax introduced?
A．To collect money for schools. B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children’s health. D．To encourage research in education.
10．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugar tax?
A．They turned to overseas markets. B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production. D．They reduced their products’ sugar content.
11．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected?
A．Most alcoholic drinks. B．Milk-based drinks. C．Fruit juices. D．Classic Coke.
12．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?
A．It is a short-sighted decision. B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers. D．It upsets customers.
【参考答案】
9．C 10．D 11．D 12．B
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，
同时该收入用于学校体育。
【详情解析】
9．【C】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks
containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity.(该税于2016年4月首次宣布，适用于每100毫升含糖超过5g的软饮料，旨在帮助减少儿童肥胖)”可知，征收糖税的目的是帮
助儿童减少肥胖，保护儿童健康。故选C项。
10．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had
their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.(此前，制造商已经降低了商店中销售的
超过一半的软饮料的含糖量，以避免纳税)”可知，一些饮料公司通过降低了产品的含糖量来避税。故选D
项。
11．【D】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have
accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks
and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
(然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了糖税，并拒绝改变，因为担心会惹恼消费者。果汁、
以牛奶为原料的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的，每年生产不到100万升的小公司也是免税的)”可知，糖
税主要来自经典可口可乐这些高糖品牌。故选D项。
12．【B】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the
positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities and healthier eating in
schools.(根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食
筹集了数百万英镑)”可知，糖税政策带来了积极影响。由此推知，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故
选B项。
（四）
（2023届吉林省吉林市普通高中高三毕业年级下学期第三次调研测试）Technology is developing by
leaps and bounds. A small device such as a smartphone now has more processing power than rockets to the Moon
once had. New tech brings many advantages, making our lives easier and opening up new opportunities. One piece
of kit that’s been really taking off recently is the drone. This pilotless mini aircraft, originally developed for aerial
(航空的) photography and warfare, is now bringing us benefits closer to home. In the last few years, tech
companies such as Amazon, Alphabet and Uber have promised us delivery drones—bringing goods to our
doorsteps in a matter of minutes. While progress in developing them has been slow, drones are becoming more and
more involved in our life.
Drones are helping to connect with and enhance the lives of people in remote locations. In the UK, the Royal
Mail wants a fleet of 500 drones to help deliver the mail to faraway communities. Windracers, the company
developing the drones, say they can fly in fog and produce 30% fewer emissions than comparable piloted aircraft.
And in Coventry in the UK, construction has started on an air center, which will act as a base for police anddelivery drones. Urban-Air Port Limited is working with car-maker Hyundai on the mini-airport, known as a
skyport.
Drones can also play a part in improving the health of millions of people. For example, an incredible
development project by the University of South Australia is for drones to eventually be able to survey populations
for disease by reading the blood oxygen levels of humans from the air. They’ll also be able to scan for other vital
signs, like coughing and a high temperature.
It seems that the sky is the limit for what drone technology can achieve. The only thing that sometimes keeps
it from working is regulation. Writing for the BBC, Jessica Brown says: “If our skies are to become as crowded as
our streets, airspace rules need updating to prevent accidents.”
1．What does the underlined sentence indicate?
A．A smartphone is more advanced than rockets. B．The rockets to the moon are very powerful.
C．Technology is progressing very rapidly. D．Technology is widely used in daily life.
2．What do we know about drones according to the passage?
A．They were initially developed for bringing goods.
B．They’ve improved people’s life quality in remote areas.
C．They don’t cause any pollution to the environment.
D．They can diagnose and treat some diseases from the air.
3．What does Jessica Brown mean?
A．The development of drones is quite promising. B．It’s a pity that drones are limited to the sky.
C．Drones will be likely to cause some accidents. D．Some latest laws are needed to regulate drones.
4．Which is the most suitable title for the passage?
A．Drones Are Delivering Benefits Closer to Home B．Developing Drones Is Facing Many Challenges
C．Drones Are Currently Booming in Every Field D．Companies Are Competing to Develop Drones
【参考答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A
【语篇解读】
本文是说明文。主要介绍了无人机越来越多地参与到人们的日常生活中，且与此相关的无人机科技蓬
勃发展。
【详情解析】
1．【C】推理判断题。划线句子的意思是“现在，智能手机这样的小设备的处理能力比曾经发射到月球的
火箭还要强”，该句的前一句是“Technology is developing by leaps and bounds.(技术突飞猛进地发展。)”，也就是说，作者用这句话来说明科技在迅速发展。故选C。
2．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Drones are helping to connect with and enhance the lives of people in
remote locations.(无人机正在帮助连接偏远地区的人们并改善他们的生活。)”可知，无人机改善了偏远地区
人们的生活质量。故选B。
3．【D】推理判断题。根据最后一段“It seems that the sky is the limit for what drone technology can achieve.
The only thing that sometimes keeps it from working is regulation. Writing for the BBC, Jessica Brown says: “If
our skies are to become as crowded as our streets, airspace rules need updating to prevent accidents.”(看来，无人
机技术所能达到的极限就是天空。有时阻碍它发挥作用的唯一因素是监管。Jessica Brown为BBC撰稿说:
“如果我们的天空变得像我们的街道一样拥挤，空域规则需要更新，以防止事故发生。”)”可知，Jessica
Brown的意思是需要一些最新的法律来规范无人机。故选D。
4．【A】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“New tech brings many advantages, making our lives easier and opening
up new opportunities. One piece of kit that’s been really taking off recently is the drone. This pilotless mini aircraft,
originally developed for aerial (航空的) photography and warfare, is now bringing us benefits closer to home.(新技
术带来了许多好处，使我们的生活更方便，并开辟了新的机会。最近有一种设备非常流行，那就是无人机。
这种无人驾驶的迷你飞机，最初是为航空摄影和战争而开发的，现在正为我们带来更近的利益。)”可知，
本文主要介绍了无人机给普通人的生活带来的便利，因此最恰当的题目是A选项“Drones Are Delivering
Benefits Closer to Home(无人机正在带来好处)”，故选A。
（五）
（贵州省六校联盟2022--2023学年高三下学期适应性考试）In a video from Visit Iceland, a crew is seen
working on making a horse-sized keyboard out of massive blocks of wood. The keyboard is then put outside
against the gorgeous scenery for the typing horses to reply to emails. Unsurprisingly, the replies are nonsense, with
examples listed as “bpnisi. // hihaihf＝. sf”. “OutHorse Your Email” is Iceland’s latest stunt (噱头) to promote
tourism. Visitors can choose a trained horse to type responses to their work emails when they are on holiday.
Due to the pandemic, many workers have transitioned to remote working, finding that the lines between their
work and personal lives have become blurred. A survey conducted by Visit Iceland revealed that 59% of people
globally now feel as if their boss, colleagues, and customers expect them to reply when on holiday and 41% of
people check their work emails between one and four times a day when on holiday. That’s why Iceland is assigning
emails to its horses, asking them to make replies.
“When visitors travel to Iceland, we want them to fully experience everything our nation has to offer, from
breathtaking surroundings to endless landscapes," said the head of Visit Iceland. "Our OutHorse Your Email servicelets them do just that. With our world-first service, we hope to appeal to people to disconnect and take a well-
deserved, uninterrupted break.”
Since “OutHorse Your Email” service was launched, it has got a lot of attention from the Internet. “Is it a
ridiculous tourism stunt? Sure. But it indeed encourages me to enjoy my trip wholeheartedly,” said Thom Dunn, an
online user from Canada. Hunter Boyce from the USA also made a comment, “The service sounds interesting, but I
don’t want to drive my boss mad or be fired.”
5．What can we know about the typing horses?
A．They are trained to reply to emails. B．They type meaningful emails.
C．They reply to emails in famous scenic spots. D．They work with a common keyboard.
6．What does the underlined word “blurred” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Unclear. B．Unimportant. C．Controllable. D．Adjustable.
7．What’s the purpose of “OutHorse Your Email”?
A．To reduce people’s pressure. B．To fight against the pandemic.
C．To encourage undisturbed trips. D．To improve visitors’ work efficiency.
8．What’s Hunter Boyce’s attitude towards “OutHorse Your Email”?
A．Ambiguous. B．Negative. C．Favourable. D．Indifferent
【参考答案】
5．A 6．A 7．C 8．B
【语篇解读】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了冰岛旅游局通过推出让马来代替游客回复邮件这一服务来呼吁大家在疫
情使得工作与生活之间的界限越来越不清晰的当下，去享受不被工作打扰的全身心投入的旅行。
【详情解析】
5．【A】细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话 “Visitors can choose a trained horse to type responses to their
work emails when they are on holiday.”（游客在度假期间可以选择一个训练的马来回复工作邮件）可知游客
可以选择被训练的马来回复邮电，A项符合题意。故选A项。
6．【A】词义猜测题。根据第二段中“Due to the pandemic, many workers have transitioned to remote
working, finding that the lines between their work and personal lives have become blurred.”(因为疫情，人们已
经开始转为远程工作了，这让他们的工作和私人生活变得 blurred)可知，因为疫情，人们已经开始转为远
程工作了，这让他们的工作和私人生活变得模糊不清。这里blurred意思为模糊不清。故选A项。
7．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段中的最后两句话“Our OutHorse Your Email service lets them do just that.
With our world-first service，we hope to encourage people to disconnect and take a well-deserved，uninterruptedbreak.”（我们的这个服务让马来回复邮件。有了我们这个最好的服务，希望可以鼓励人们不再与工作相联
系，有一个理所应当且没有被打扰的休息）可知这个服务的目的是想让人们有一次未被打扰的旅行。故选
C项。
8．【B】推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句 “The service sounds interesting，but I don’t want to drive my
boss mad or be fired.”（这项服务听起来很有趣，但是我不想让老板发疯或者被解雇）可知作者并不看好这
个项目能真正开展下去，是否定的态度。故选B项。
（六）
（2023届山西省晋中市高三3月普通高等学校招生模拟考试）Travelling to watch their team play at the
World Cup took a little longer than usual for two French fans. Mehdi Balamissa and Gabriel Martin decided the
best way to travel from France to Qatar was on two wheels. The friends spent three months travelling 7,000
kilometers by bicycle to reach Qatar 2022 and watch their beloved France defend its title.
“It was a crazy idea, but we’re the kind of people that have big ideas and don’t want to have any regrets,”
Balamissa said, as both spoke to CNN Sport a day after arriving in the country. “So, since we are both self-
employed, we decided to block off three months of our time and come to Qatar.”
The pair started their mammoth (庞大的) journey at the Stade de France in Paris, home of the French national
team, and finished at the stunning Lusail Stadium, the venue that would host the final at Qatar 2022. They would
travel on average 115 kilometers per day, taking appropriate rest days when needed. They battled through the heat
of the desert in Saudi Arabia as well as flooded woodland areas in Hungary as they made their winding way to
Qatar, stopping off at campsites, lodges (乡间小舍) and hotels to sleep.
The idea came about after cycling from France to Italy to watch their country play in the UEFA Nations
League last year and they wanted to test themselves with a much longer trip. They hoped their trip would promote
the benefits of sustainable travel and said they planned to offer cycling workshops to children from disadvantaged
backgrounds when they eventually arrived home.
The two cyclists encountered many problems along the way, including dozens of flat tires, but relied on their
infectiously positive attitude to get them through. The pair laugh as they recall the time they had to travel 15 hours
to Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in order to find a bike repair shop before travelling 15 hours back to the exact point where
they had stopped.
“We had many troubles, but we fixed them as we went,” Martin told CNN.
9．Why did Balamissa and Martin go to Qatar?
A．To achieve their big ideas. B．To set them apart from the other fans.C．To close off three months for no regrets. D．To watch their country defending its champion.
10．What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the two fans?
A．Their travelling plan. B．Their severe challenges.
C．The schedule about their journey。 D．The scenery along their journey.
11．What’s the purpose of the two fans’ cycling trip?
A．To explore the secrets and laws of nature. B．To raise people’s awareness of eco-tourism.
C．To benefit more from the cycling workshops.D．To be involved in the UEFA Nations League.
12．What can we learn from Balamissa and Martin’s story?
A．Attitude is everything. B．Life lies in sports.
C．Life needs a slow pace. D．Man should be at one with nature.
【参考答案】
9．D 10．B 11．B 12．A
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了法国球迷Mehdi Balamissa和Gabriel Martin克服重重困难，完成历
时三个月的自行车之旅来到卡塔尔观看世界杯，并谈到了他们的“big ideas”及积极乐观的生活态度。
【详情解析】
9．【D】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Travelling to watch their team play at the World Cup took a little
longer than usual for two French fans.(对两位法国球迷来说，去看他们球队在世界杯上的比赛比平时花了更
长的时间。)”可知，Balamissa和Martin去卡塔尔的主要目的是观看法国队捍卫世界杯冠军的比赛。故选
D。
10．【B】主旨大意题。根据第三段“They would travel on average 115 kilometers per day, taking appropriate
rest days when needed. They battled through the heat of the desert in Saudi Arabia as well as flooded woodland
areas in Hungary as they made their winding way to Qatar, stopping off at campsites, lodges and hotels to sleep.(他
们平均每天行驶115公里，需要时适当休息。在前往卡塔尔的途中，他们顶着沙特阿拉伯炎热的沙漠，以
及匈牙利被洪水淹没的林地，中途在露营地、小屋和酒店休息。)”可知，本段主要讲述了两位球迷旅途中
遇到的种种严峻挑战。故选B。
11．【B】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“They hoped their trip would promote the benefits of sustainable
travel and said they planned to offer cycling workshops to children from disadvantaged backgrounds when they
eventually arrived home.(他们希望他们的旅行能够宣传可持续旅行的好处，并表示他们计划在他们最终回家
后为来自贫困家庭的孩子们提供自行车讲习班。)”可知，这两位球迷希望他们的骑行之旅能够增强人们的
生态旅游意识。故选B。12．【A】推理判断题。从第二段Balamissa接受采访时说的话“It was a crazy idea, but we’re the kind of
people that have big ideas and don’t want to have any regrets(这是一个疯狂的想法，但我们是那种有大想法的
人，不希望有任何遗憾)”和最后一段Martin接受采访时说的话“We had many troubles, but we fixed them as
we went(我们有许多麻烦，但我们边走边解决)”可以看出，这两位球迷的生活态度积极向上、坚定执着；
再结合倒数第二段中的“The two cyclists encountered many problems along the way, including dozens of flat
tires, but relied on their infectiously positive attitude to get them through.(这两名骑自行车的人一路上遇到了很
多问题，包括几十个轮胎漏气了，但他们依靠自己富有感染力的积极态度度过了难关。)”可知，本文旨在
传递“态度决定一切”的人生哲学。故选A。
（七）
（2023届安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测）Honeybees understand that “nothing” can be
“something” that has numerical meaning, showing that they have a primitive grasp of the concept of zero,
according to a newly-published study in Science.
Previous experiments have shown that honeybees have some facility for numbers, because they were able to
count landmarks (地标) as they searched around for a sweet reward. But in these tests, the insects couldn’t count
very high-only to about four. Still, that made researchers in Australia and France want to explore what else the bees
could do with numbers.
Scarlett Howard at RMIT University in Melbourne attracted bees to a wall where they were presented with
two square cards. Each card had a different number of black symbols, such as dots or triangles. Howard trained one
group of bees to understand that sugar water would always be located under the card with the least number of
symbols. “They could come and see two circles versus (与. . . 相对) three circles, or four triangles versus one
triangle,” she explains. The bees quickly learned to fly to the card with the fewest symbols,
But then they got another test, The researchers presented the bees with a card that had a single symbol and a
blank card that had nothing on it. The bees seemed to understand that “zero” was less than one, because they flew
toward the blank card more often than you’d expect if they were choosing at random. “When we showed them
zero-versus six, they did that at a much higher level than zero versus one,” Howard says. “So what tells us is that
they consider zero as an actual quantity along the number line.”
Aurore Avargues-Weber, a researcher with the University of Toulouse, points out even very young children
have trouble understanding that zero is a number. “It’s easy for them to count ‘one, two, three, four,’ but zero, it’s
not something to count,” she explains. What’s more, the brains of bees are incredibly tiny brains compared with the
brains of humans. Even so, the bees can understand the abstract concept of an empty set and she says she found thatvery surprising.
13．What did the earlier studies find about bees?
A．They could fly higher than expected. B．They could understand some numbers.
C．They could remember a reward well. D．They could explore local landmarks.
14．What did bees learn to do in Howard’s first test?
A．Distinguish circles from triangles. B．Draw various symbols on the cards.
C．Identify the smaller of the two numbers. D．Locate sugar water with symbol shapes.
15．Why did bees fly to the blank card more frequently?
A．They were told the location of the reward. B．They chose to do it thoroughly by chance.
C．They preferred the card with nothing on it. D．They thought of zero as an actual number.
16．Why are young children mentioned in the last paragraph?
A．To argue that bees have a surprising memory. B．To show that bees’ gift for numbers is amazing.
C．To explain that bees learn as well as young children. D．To confirm that bees are smarter than young
children.
【参考答案】
13．B 14．C 15．D 16．B
【语篇解读】
本文是篇说明文。文章讲述了研究者们通过一系列的实验来测试蜜蜂对于数字的认知能力，惊奇地发
现了蜜蜂对于零的概念有一个基本的理解。
【详情解析】
13．【B】细节理解题。根据第二段“Previous experiments have shown that honeybees have some facility for
numbers, because they were able to count landmarks (地标) as they searched around for a sweet reward. ”（之前
的实验表明，蜜蜂对数字有一定的能力，因为它们在四处寻找甜蜜的回报时，能够数出地标。）可知，之
前的实验发现蜜蜂能够理解一些数字。故选B。
14．【C】细节理解题。根据第三段“The bees quickly learned to fly to the card with the fewest symbols,”（蜜
蜂很快学会了飞向符号最少的卡片。）可知，在Howard的第一个实验中，蜜蜂学会了识别数量较少的那
组符号。故选C。
15．【D】细节理解题。根据第四段“So what tells us is that they consider zero as an actual quantity along the
number line.”（所以这告诉我们，它们把零看作数轴上的一个实数。）可知，蜜蜂更加频繁地飞向那个空
白的卡片是因为它们把零当作了一个实数。故选D。
16．【B】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Aurore Avargues-Weber, a researcher with the University of Toulouse,points out even very young children have trouble understanding that zero is a number. ”（图卢兹大学的研究员
Aurore Avargues-Weber指出，即使是很小的孩子也很难理解零是一个数字。）和“Even so, the bees can
understand the abstract concept of an empty set and she says she found that very surprising.”（即便如此，蜜蜂也
能理解空集的抽象概念，她说她发现这非常令人惊讶。）及全段内容可知，作者提到小孩子对于零的理解
能力，是为了显示蜜蜂对于数字的认知天赋令人惊讶。故选B。
（八）
（河北省石家庄市部分重点高中2022-2023学年高三下学期3月月考英语试题）The first traffic lights in
the United States were installed because of an increase in traveller on the road in the 1920s. Worried about
accidents, towns and cities installed traffic towers to help the flow of cars. Officers manned the towers, using
whistles and red, green and yellow lights to indicate to drivers when they should stop and go.
Due to the absence of effective traffic signal systems on some streets, it caused risks at intersections. Then,
William Potts created the first tricolour, four-directional traffic signal. The very first four-directional traffic light
was installed at Woodward Avenue and Fort. But throughout the country, there were still a lot of systems for traffic
lights and patterns in place. Since this could end up causing more problems for drivers, the Federal Highway
Administration set uniform standards in 1935for all road signs, pavement markings and traffic signals, requiring
them to all use red, yellow and green light indicators.
Red is the colour with the longest wavelength; that means that as it travels through air molecules, it gets
diffused(扩散)less than other colour, so it can be seen from a greater distance. Yellow has a shorter wavelength than
red but a longer wavelength than green. This means that red is visible the furthest away, yellow in the middle and
green the least distance away—a helpful advanced warning for needing to slow or stop. But this could be a
coincidence. Red meaning stop originated with train warning lights, and it’s not clear whether that was chosen
based on wavelength, contrast against green nature or natural association of red with things like blood. It could be a
combination of all three!
Back in the 1900s, some stop signs were yellow because it was too hard to see a red sign in a poorly lit area.
Eventually, highly reflective materials were developed, and red stop signs were born. Since yellow can be seen well
at all times of the day, school zones, some traffic signs and school buses continue to be painted the colour.
17．What’s the purpose of installing traffic lights in the 1920s?
A．To increase the speed of cars. B．To improve road safety and efficiency.
C．To reduce traffic jams in towns and cities. D．To obey the standards of the government.
18．What does the underlined word“this”in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．The first tricolour,four-directional traffic signal. B．The installation of the first traffic signal.
C．The existence of different traffic lights and patterns. D．The absence of traffic signal systems.
19．What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3?
A．The differences among the three colour. B．The wavelength of the three colour.
C．The reasons for choosing red as the stop signal. D．The relationship between red colour and its
wavelength.
20．Which may be a disadvantage of red as a stop sign?
A．It can’t be seen in the distance. B．It is a kind of highly reflective colour.
C．It is not suitable to be used in school zones. D．It can not be clearly seen in certain surroundings.
【参考答案】
17．B 18．C 19．C 20．D
【语篇解读】
本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了交通信号灯的来源以及之所以选用红色、绿色和黄色作为信号灯颜色
的原因。
【详情解析】
17．【B】推理判断题。文章第一段讲到“Worried about accidents, towns and cities installed traffic towers to
help the flow of cars. (由于担心发生事故，城镇安装了交通塔来帮助汽车流动)”可知20世纪20年代之所以
出现信号灯，是为了公路的安全和通行效率，故选B。
18．【C】词义猜测题。文章第二段讲到“But throughout the country, there were still a lot of systems for
traffic lights and patterns in place. Since this could end up causing more problems for drivers (但在全国各地，仍
然有很多红绿灯系统和模式。因为这最终可能会给司机带来更多问题)”可知不同的交通信号灯和模式的存
在是可能导致更多问题的，因此第二段中带下划线的单词“this”指的是：不同交通信号灯和模式的存在，
故选C。
19．【C】主旨大意题。文章第三段讲到“Red is the colour with the longest wavelength; that means that as it
travels through air molecules, it gets diffused(扩散)less than other colour, so it can be seen from a greater distance.
Yellow has a shorter wavelength than red but a longer wavelength than green. This means that red is visible the
furthest away, yellow in the middle and green the least distance away—a helpful advanced warning for needing to
slow or stop. But this could be a coincidence.Red meaning stop originated with train warning lights, and it’s not
clear whether that was chosen based on wavelength, contrast against green nature or natural association of red with
things like blood. It could be a combination of all three!(红色是波长最长的颜色;这意味着，当它在空气分子中
传播时，它比其他颜色的颜色扩散得更小，因此可以从更远的地方看到。黄色的波长比红色短，但比绿色长。这意味着红色在最远的地方可见，黄色在中间，绿色在距离最小的地方可见——这是一个有用的需要
减速或停车的提前警告。但这可能是个巧合。红色意味着停车起源于火车警示灯，目前尚不清楚这是基于
波长、与绿色的对比，还是红色与血液等物质的自然联系。这可能是三者的结合！)”可知，本段主要讲述
选择红色作为停止信号的原因，故选C。
20．【D】细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Back in the 1900s, some stop signs were yellow because it was
too hard to see a red sign in a poorly lit area. (早在20世纪，一些停车标志是黄色的，因为在光线不好的地方
很难看到红色标志)”可知红色的信号灯在昏暗的地方很难看到，故选D。
