文档内容
考点 35-七选五段首主题标题句（重难题型）
年份 卷别 体裁 词数 题材 话题
一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重
全国甲卷 说明文 315 人与社会
要事情
全国乙卷 说明文 316 人与社会 五种维系异地友谊的方法
新高考全国I卷 说明文 332 人与社会 如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴
2022年
新高考全国**
错误的表达式 说明文 312 人与社会 介绍写文章的技巧
**I卷
既可以充分利用时间又可以快乐
浙江卷1月 说明文 309 人与社会
放松的有效建议
通过衣物交换来处理旧衣服的方
全国甲卷 记叙文 257 人与社会
法
晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些
全国乙卷 说明文 252 人与社会
方法
新高考全国I卷 说明文 261 人与自我 夫妇两人在巴黎的居住的感受
2021
葡萄牙电脑工程师借助网络发展
浙江卷6月 记叙文 258 人与自我 自 己 的 爱 好 、 创 办
postcrossing.com 网站并成功
为什么排队时你总是站在最慢的
浙江卷1月 说明文 251 人与社会
一队这个有趣的现象
全国卷** 错误
说明文 252 个人生活 介绍了几个自我接纳的小技巧。
的表达式 **
全国卷** 错误 介绍了表情符号以及在工作交流
2020 说明文 220 人与社会
的表达式 ** 所带来的优势。
全国卷** 错误 乔迁聚会的目的，礼物的选取，
说明文 245 人与社会
的表达式 ** 活动安排和名称的由来。
全国卷** 错误 新鲜空气中的氧气，阳光对人们
说明文 265 人与自然
的表达式 ** 的身心健康均有好处。
全国卷** 错误 对于怎样设定具体目标，给出了
说明文 267 工作方法
2019 的表达式 **I 一些方法。
在网络课堂上，与教授建立健康
全国卷** 错误
说明文 214 个人学习 的交流模式是非常重要的，作者
的表达式 **II
在文中列举了一些规矩与禁忌。
全国卷** 错误
说明文 259 家庭生活 室内设计中颜色的选择问题
的表达式 **
全国卷** 错误 列举了早晨锻炼对人身体的四条
2018 说明文 223 个人生活
的表达式 ** 好处
全国卷** 错误
说明文 195 社会生活 介绍了跳舞的好处
的表达式 **
2017 全国卷** 错误 记叙文 225 人与自然 作者对野营活动由抵触到喜欢的的表达式 ** 转变过程
全国卷** 错误
说明文 196 工作 如何避免工作时被打断
的表达式 **
全国卷** 错误 如何做计划建立好生物钟，保持
说明文 244 个人生活
的表达式 ** 早睡早起的好习惯
全国卷** 错误
说明文 195 文化科技 密码的设置方法和破解的方法
的表达式 **
全国卷** 错误
2016 说明文 262 家庭生活 自己建设花园的具体建议
的表达式 **
全国卷** 错误
说明文 201 家庭生活 买鱼和烧鱼的常识
的表达式 **
全国卷** 错误
议论文 314 人际交往 在关系中重建信任
的表达式 **
2015年
全国卷** 错误
说明文 242 人与社会 马拉松锻炼技巧
的表达式 **
全国卷** 错误
说明文 310 人与社会 帮助孩子未来找好工作的建议
的表达式 **
2014年
全国卷** 错误
说明文 316 人与社会 在紧张的时间里烹饪的小贴士
的表达式 **
全国卷** 错误
说明文 245 人与社会 描述商业及商业管理的相关知识
的表达式 **
2013年
全国卷** 错误
说明文 278 人与社会 公共演讲训练
的表达式 **
新课程标准要求：阅读理解题主要考查学生理解书面语篇的能力，其中包括对语篇内容、语篇结构的理解
和把握，也包括对语篇内容的分析、阐释和评价。而高考英语新题型“七选五”阅读题的具体考试形式就
是将短文中的若干个句子（如五个句子）摘出，打乱顺序后与另外两个句子置于短文之后。考生根据短文
内容，从短文后的七个句子中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。此题型主要考查
学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。
七选五阅读理解趋向于不带标题和段落小标题，但是文章结构清晰严谨，通常为总分或者总分总结构。
阅读理解七选五要求从短文后的七个选项中（均为完整的句子）选出五个能填入文章空处的最佳选项，主
要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。
该题备选项可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意
义）三类。其多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏
离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
“七选五”阅读题的解题步骤
第一步浏览全文，做出预判。同时理清全文的结构，了解文章大意，关注每个空格的位置。
一般来说，小标题类的文章是按总分结构或者总分总结构叙述的。段首句主要起主旨句或者承上启下的作
用。段中句用来承上启下或者解释说明。段尾句用来总结全文或者提出希望。第二步，分析选项，尤其根据选项中的代词、连词等来预测前后句可能存在的逻辑关系。
第三步，回归原文，根据空格前后进行推理。在推理过程中，关注并列连词、转折连词、相同或相反
句式等，排除一些选项，并结合上下文意，推断出可填选项。最后，也是很关键的一步，检查。将所填选
项代入，通读全文，看上下文是否连贯，结构、语境、逻辑是否一致。
根据设空位置，可分为段首句，段中句和段位句三种。
重点考向一 主题标题句（段首）
若问题在段首，通常是段落主题句。若是针对段落小标题设空。其呈现形式应和其他小标题相同。选项应
短小精评，多为名词词组、动名词短语或祈使向。若段落首句设空，段首句要么与段落标题相关联，要么
是段落主题句。选项要有概括性。
以以上例题为例：1. 判断篇章结构
整体观察篇章，会发现其结构式典型的总分结构，第一段总结，后面几段都是分类讲解。
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. …自问自答形式引
入话题。
2. 判断空格类型和特点
(1) 空格前有原点。根据前后段落的原点，可以判断此类题型是标题类。
(2)判断标题类型。根据前后段落的原点：Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection.和Put different
types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.会发现两个特点：
a. 动词原形开头
b. 长短不一
2. 根据空格类型和特点，寻找对应的答案
(1) 动词原形开头的答案是B, E, F, G四个选项。
(2) 选项确定关键词：
B. Hold a clothing swap
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
.
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
3. 根据空格后内容关键词确定答案
空格后内容关键词：They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
观察后面的句子，后句开头是指代词“ they ”， 那说明标题应该有 they 的具体指代，这样排除 B, E
选项，在根据 后面 als o 和 carr y 一词，同义应该是 brin g 。故确定答案 G 。
4.验证答案
把G选项带入，看看意思和逻辑是否通顺。通顺即准确答案。告诉大家把干净的衣服完好地带来，他
们还应该准备大量可重复使用的袋子，把“新”衣服带回家。
意思和逻辑合情合理，即准确答案。1. （2022年全国甲卷）
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in the
world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
...
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
2. （2022·贵州·一模）If you’re a chronic procrastinator (慢性拖延者), you’re familiar with the pain and stress
that goes hand in hand with leaving things to the last minute. Even if you want to accomplish or finish a task,
you’re probably having trouble getting started in the first place! ____16____.
Start your day with the hardest tasks. Make yourself a plan in the morning and pick the hardest task first.
You’ll be most energized in the morning once you’ve eaten breakfast and woken up fully. ____17____. You’ll feel
better once it’s done, and then you can move on to a few easier tasks for the rest of the day.
____18____. It can be astonishing to think about finishing a whole essay or getting through an entire week’s
worth of tasks. Instead of thinking about everything you have to do like one big barrier, break it all down into tiny
pieces. You’ll be able to get started on the smallest crumb and go forward from there....
A．Write a to-do list to set goals first.
B．Break tasks down into small parts.
C．There are several ways that can help you.
D．Stop punishing yourself for procrastinating.
E．Tell yourself you’ve only got to do it for 15 minutes.
F．Handle your hardest thing on your schedule right then.
G．Use that expectation to push yourself through the pain.
3.（2022·北京丰台高三期末）How Culture Affects Cuisine
...
However, Americans believe in progress and the benefits of technology. It becomes clear why following
tradition doesn’t have to be a strong value. Food for U.S. consumers is produced and shipped across the country.
4 ． The industrialization of food production results in new breeds of produce. The population growth calls for
higher quantities. Farmers and growers are paid for the amount, not for the flavor.
5 ． European cultures are rather regional, and this means food traditions have remained undamaged in fairly
small areas. Within these regions and communities people often shop locally from regional producers. And they
shop more frequently than Americans. Europeans often go to the local market daily whereas millions of shoppers in
the U.S. purchase one or two weeks’ supply of groceries in one single visit to the big box store.
All these consumer choices, based on cultural behaviors, have had a lasting impact on how our food is grown
and what it tastes like.
A．Geography plays another role here.
B．Refrigeration makes it possible to store foods longer.
C．However, demand for better quality is greater in their countries.
D．This great interest in culinary (烹饪的) tradition is a cultural feature.
E. The main reason why produce tastes different here and there is choice.
F. Food provides the world with one of the only ways to universally communicate.
G. Often our culinary preferences have an effect on the vacation destinations we choose.
Passage 1 （2022·河南洛阳·模拟预测）More and more people are turning to a plant-based lifestyle. ___1___ . It has been shown to help improve overall
health, prevent diseases, and increase well-being and happiness. Here are two tips on how to gradually move into
plant-based living.
Ease Yourself Into It
___2___ . This isn’t necessary and it’s too hard—it’s because they’re not giving their body time to ease into it.
If you’ve been eating meat daily (or almost daily) for most of your life, then your body’s going to be a bit confused
when it’s suddenly not getting its regular fix of meat. The best way is to gradually reduce meat from your diet. If
you eat meat 3 meals a day, drop it down to 2 meals for a couple of weeks. ___3___ . After that, you can alternate
(交替) between “meat days” and “non-meat days”, until you’re comfortable going long stretches without eating
meat.
Make Sure You’re Getting Your Nutrients (营养)
If you’re going to be plant-based, you have to do much work. That means figuring out how to develop meal plans
that allow you to get your daily doses of proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals. You can’t just switch to eating green
salads for 3 meals a day and expect to feel good, because you won’t. You’ll need to start eating a varied diet. Whole
grains, like beans and legumes, as well as soy foods, can help you get your daily requirements for protein. ___4___
That’s really all you need to know: make sure that you’re taking it easy and giving your body time to adapt, and
make sure that you’re getting necessary nutrients. ___5___ , you’ll be able to enjoy plant-based living in no time.
A．Once you have a clear idea
B．As long as you’re doing these two things
C．These two nutrients are difficult to get from plants
D．Next, bring it down to a meal a day for a few weeks
E．Healthy fats can come from things like olive oil and peanuts
F．The benefits of a plant-based lifestyle are seemingly endless
G．A lot of people fail because they move straight up into a plant-based lifestyle
Passage 2（2022·青海海东·一模）
We’re lucky to live in an age when the sum total of human knowledge is pretty available at the click of a button.We’ve never had access to so much information. ____6____. So here are a few strategies to sharped your critical
thinking.
Beware of confirmation prejudice. ____7____. In repeated experiments, psychologists have shown we’re much
more likely to accept something as evidence if it confirms what we already think we know. And we’re much more
likely to discount information if it contradicts our views, which will affect our ability to process information.
Acknowledge small difference. In life, most situations are different and complicated. Acknowledge that can enrich
the way that we view the world. For example, what colour is the sky? Well, the obvious answer is blue. But at
sunrise or sunset, it can be red. On a cold misty morning, white or grey. ____8____.
Practise intellectual humility (谦逊). One approach to, well, arguing, is to let go of the idea of being “right”. Or at
least seriously consider that you might actually be wrong. ____9____. Really try to understand where the other
person is coming from. Arguing is just to waste somebody’s time.
____10____. It’s more important than ever to know where your information is coming from.
Engaging in critical thinking isn’t as fun as picking up a pitchfork, or feeling like you’re fundamentally right. But
in the long run, it leads to a more curious, educated and harmonious society. which is the biggest win of all.
A．Avoid mistakes
B．Check your sources
C．We all enjoy feeling like we’re right
D．So pay attention to differences in many situations
E．But not all of what’s out there is quite what it seems
F．So don’t rush to decide, and be actively prepared to change your mind
G．Putting yourself in the other person’s shoes can lead to much more productive outcomes
Passage 3（2022·江苏南通·二模）
Tea is currently the world's most popular drink, only after water. However, there was a time when tea was
known only to the Chinese.___21___ And how did it get to conquer the world to the extent that people often
describe something they really like as their “Cup of tea?”
While we know that tea drink started in China, its true origin remains something of a mystery. Legend has it
that about 5,000 years ago, Shennong came across tea when dried leaves blew into a pot of boiling water. Followinghis discovery, tea was used as medicine, included in meals and later offered as a refreshing drink to officials and
noblemen. ___22___
___23___ over the years, as tea drinking became an important part of China's rich culture. The great Tang poet
Du Fu described his tea-drinking experience in poetic language. Lu Yu, a tea master, wrote The Classic of Tea,
which remains the earliest and most famous detailed study on tea in the world.
It is then not surprising that the beauty of tea was eventually revealed to a wider world.___24___ Porters
carrying back-breaking loads of tea bricks made their way through dangerous snow-covered mountain passes, to
trade Sichuan and Yunnan tea for horses: ___25___ As early as the Tang Dynasty, Japanese monks came to study
in China and took with them tea seeds and tea-making customs when returning to Japan. Around the 1600s, tea was
shipped to Europe from China by Portuguese and Dutch sea traders.
A．So, how did tea originate in China?
B．But how was tea introduced overseas?
C．Tea became the main theme in ancient poems,
D．The love of tea inspired many people to write about it,
E．Over time, the gift of tea was further delivered to Western Asia and Eastern Africa.
F．Eventually, it became a common drink enjoyed and embraced by all Chinese people.
G．Tang and Song Dynasties needed strong Tibetan horses, the Tea Horse Road was born.
Passage 4（2022·北京顺义·二模）
When you need to find a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a
similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it?”____26____ Termites (白蚁) in Africa control the
temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre
in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices
connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air-
conditioning.____27____
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question.____28____ A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that
kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the water, but their beaks allow them to
pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the
loud booms in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect
instead of destroy it.____29____ On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. Onecompany has come up with an alternative material made of com husk waste and some big companies are starting to
use it.
____30____ Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He
advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed
way of thinking.
A．In nature, everything gets recycled.
B．To mimic (模仿) nature, we must be familiar with it.
C．It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D．Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).
E．This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F．It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G．His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
Passage 5（2022·广东佛山·二模）
Understanding Your Feelings Helps You Name And Tame (驯服) Them
We all experience various feelings all the time. Some of them feel great, some feel unpleasant, and it’s helpful
to be able to recognize and understand how you’re feeling so you know how to deal with it.
____31____ They can include anger, sadness, worry, loneliness and shame, as well as surprise, happiness,
courage and hope, among many others.____32____ All feelings are there to be felt and some can be more
uncomfortable than others. It’s OK and natural to experience different emotions – and that includes emotions that
might not feel nice.
To deal with your feelings you need to recognize what they are. ____33____ Are your fists clenched (攥紧)?
Does it seem like there’s a knot in your stomach? Next, pay attention to what you’re thinking at this time.
____34____ Or are you thinking that you really don’t want to do something? Once you have identified how you’re
feeling, you can label it by saying, for example, “I’m feeling angry” or “I’m feeling lonely” .
You can understand a difficult feeling and help yourselfto handle it. ____35____ If you’re upset about a
difficult feeling, like “I’m feeling angry”, you might count to ten to calm down. Perhaps you notice “I’m feeling
nervous”, and you might talk to someone about it. The person you talk to may be able to give you reassurance,
more information, a different point of view, or even help you take action to deal with the cause of your difficult
feeling.
A．Experts call this “name it to tame it” .B．How can you deal with different feelings?
C．Perhaps you have the thought, “It’s not fair” .
D．Feelings are how people experience emotions.
E．First of all, notice what’s going on with your body.
F．They are shown through various body movements, to begin with.
G．Feelings are sometimes labelled as good or bad but that isn’t helpful.
Passage 1
（2022·全国新高考II卷真题）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process
can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
___1___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write
nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___2___ Don’t
worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a
good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___3___ Yet, by
learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄
皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete
highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.
___4___ As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing
revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can
enter your changes into your word processor. ___5___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C．The second draft of the essay should be better.
D．First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage 2
（2022·全国新高考I卷真题）Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your
Workout Partner.” One reason was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ”
while another read: “___6___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle
(微妙) competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___7___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___8___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It
also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___9___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___10___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C．You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
Passage 3
（2022·全国高考甲卷真题）Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___11___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in theworld.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___12___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___13___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___14___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___15___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A．The more friends you make in your lifetime
B．The more time you spend in any given country
C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
Passage 4
（2022·浙江·高考真题）I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choice that
allow me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed. ____16____
Pick the most important.
____17____ Focus on spending time that for you is fun and productive. I chose the life of an adviser because
I like to work with companies, but don't want the life of a big company CEO. My choices are based on the lifestyle
I want.
Combine your activities.
Many people go crazy trying to figure out how to spend time with friends, family, work, play, etc.____18____ Find ways to enjoy them in a combined manner. Build your social life around people your work
environment. Find people in your company who share common interests and develop your career (职业) around the
people and activities you love.
____19____
You would think learning takes more time from you, but actually there are always new ways of doing things
that can save you time on daily tasks, freeing you up for the most important. Always be looking for a new way to
gain back an hour here or there.
Lighten up.
The world won't come to an end in most cases just because you left a few things undone. Celebrate progress
and keep refining (改进) toward a happy productive existence. ____20____ Every completion is a small victory
that adds up in a big way.
A．Speed up.
B．Be an active learner.
C．Stop trying to balance time between them all.
D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life.
E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy.
F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time.
G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook.
