文档内容
考点 19 记叙文类七选五（原
卷版）
【命题解读】
题材以说明文为主,但应注意考查记叙文、议论文的可能性，复习时也应注意；
包含新课标中的全部主题语境，但以人与社会主题为主；
标题时有时无；
设空以短中、段首为主，段中是考察重点，断尾一般最多设一题；
思维导图位置解题法
句子在段中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正
是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用，来考查考生的逻辑思维能力。段首、段中、段尾题
在文中所起的作用可归纳为下表：
挖空位置 逻辑关系 具体解读
主旨句 常以段落小标题或主题句的形式出现。
段首题
承上启下句 此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样
性，思维过程基本是归纳(从例子到观点)和推理(从观点到例
例证关系 子)。常见的表示例证关系的标志词语有：for example, for
instance, in fact/as a matter of fact, actually, in other words/that is to
say等。
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的逆转， 则空格处很有可能表示
转折。表示转折关系的标志词语有： but, however, yet,
段中题 转折关系
while/though/although, or/otherwise, on the contrary, instead,
nevertheless(然而), still, in contrast/comparison, by comparison等。
表示因果关系的标志词语有：so, therefore, thus, consequently(结
因果关系
果), as a result (of), so/such ...that ..., so that ...等。
若空格前后两句之间是逻辑上的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是
递进关系 个表示递进的句子。表示递进关系的标志词语有：too, also,
besides, further, furthermore, moreover, likewise, similarly, what'smore, what's worse, in addition, as well, to make matters worse, not ...
but ..., not only ... but also等。
并列关系 表示并列关系的标志词语有：and, first(ly), second(ly); first,
then/next; to begin with, some ... others ...; for one thing, for another
thing; then/next, finally/last等。
段尾题 总结句 用于总结本段内容，常含有总结性的词语。
承上启下句 此空处的答案能够将上段和下段的内容连贯起来。
例子1…
●__40__ If you work out bright and early in the morning, you will be more likely to stick to healthy food
choices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin their good workout by eating junk food? You will want to
continue to focus on positive choices.
…
A．You will stick to your diet.
B．Your quality of sleep improves.
C．You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D．There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E．You can keep your head clear for 4－10 hours after exercise.
F．After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G．If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!
例子2
…
●Your metabolism (新陈代谢) gets a head start. __38__ If you work out in the mornings, then you will be
getting the calorie (卡路里) burning benefits for the whole day, not in your sleep.
…
A．You will stick to your diet.
B．Your quality of sleep improves.
C．You prefer healthy food to fast food.
D．There is no reason you should exercise in the morning.
E．You can keep your head clear for 4－10 hours after exercise.
F．After you exercise, you continue to burn calories throughout the day.
G．If you are planning to do exercise regularly, or you're doing it now, then listen up!
例子3…
The large color decisions in your rooms concern the walls, ceilings, and floors. Whether you're looking atwallpaper or paint, the time, effort and relative expense put into it are significant. __40__.
A．While all of them are useful
B．Whatever you're looking for
C．If you're experimenting with a color
D．Small color choices are the ones we're most familiar with
E．It's not really a good idea to use too many small color pieces
F．So it pays to be sure, because you want to get it right the first time
G．Color choices in this range are a step up from the small ones in two major ways
【真题 1】【2022年新高考1卷】
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason
was: “You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read:
“___36___” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙)
competition.
So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able
to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a
useful response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training
she wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age.
It also listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit —
your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your
relationship is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
【真题 2】【2022年全国甲卷】
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette (礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. ___36___. Knowing
some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family — no matter where you are in
the world.
Chopstick Rules
The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions. When you put them down
between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.
___37___.
Hands or Utensils (餐具)
In India and the Middle East, it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand. People in France expect you
to eat with a utensil in each hand. ___38___, instead preferring to use their hands. In Chile, you may never touch
any food with your fingers. People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons.
Making Requests
___39___. In Portugal, this would be a serious mistake, because it shows the chef that you don’t like their
seasoning skills. Similarly, in Italy, never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.
Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange, but they are important in various
countries. ___40___, the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices.
A. The more friends you make in your lifetime
B. The more time you spend in any given country
C. Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D. Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E. It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F. Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G. It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal【真题 3】【2020年7月·浙江卷】
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
I experienced years of loneliness as a child. 31 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his
interests were far different from mine. With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood, I had to spend hours by
myself.
A bright spot for me turned out to be reading. My love of the written word began early as my mother read to
me every evening. 32 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public
library once a week to borrow several books. I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer
pictures and longer chapters. Reading opened new worlds to me. ___33___
My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted. I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and
constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me. When my mother saw my
creations, she told me how creative my designs were. 34 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects
and transform them into something new and useful. It was a trait(特点) others found helpful, and I soon had friends
who wanted to make things with me.
35 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside, no matter the weather or season.
My brother, of course, raced off to be with his friends, while I had plenty to do myself. There was making leaf houses
in autumn, ice skating in winter, and so much more. They’re all memories I treasure today.
A. I wasn't alone any longer.
B. I enjoyed reading stories aloud.
C. I was invited to play with another kid.
D. I loved the colorful photographs in the books.
E. Another habit I formed early was being outdoors.
F. Thus, I began my lifelong interest in making things.
G. My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me.
【真题 4】【2017年6月全国1卷】
If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have
laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insects bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable
sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 1
The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. 2 We slept in a tent,
cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with
Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctor's bill for my
son's food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. 3 Instead, we had
a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring
all the necessities of life.
4 We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a
bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even
has matching carpet and curtains.
5 It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you
find your way in style.
A．This time there was no tent.
B．Things are going to be improved.
C．The trip they took me on was a rough one.
D．I was to learn a lot about camping since then, however.
E．I must say that I have certainly come to enjoy camping.
F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.
G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.
【模拟题 1】【2022·山西·一模】
Life offers its fair share of challenges. At any given time, anyone can face difficult sea- sons in their life. It is
true for you. When you're experiencing difficulty, it's always helpful to have a support system to get through it.
____1____Knowing this, there are a few ways you can become supportive of a family member who is in the midst
of a struggle.
Offer legal resources. If you have family members who are in trouble with the law, you can offer assistance
by pointing in the direction of various legal resources, You can even decide to cover a part of their legal fees in
court. ____2____
Provide encouragement. When people are down on their luck, it's really easy for them to get discouraged and
give up. Instead, it's a wise move to offer words of encouragement to the person. Always remind them that they're
strong, capable and more powerful than they realize.____3____
Be a safe place. Sometimes, people struggle because they don't feel any love or support from anyone around
them. ____4____Be their light in the dark places. This can do so much for someone who is carrying a lot on the
inside.
____5____You never want to make a person feel like they can't make it without you in their life. If you're
allowing the family member to live with you for a certain period of time, be strict about what needs to happenduring that time. Make sure that they develop a plan, time line and measured action steps that can help them get
back on their feet.
A．No man is an island.
B．Encourage independence
C．In fact, they are surrounded by pressure.
D．Always compete with your family members.
E．Tell them that they will get through this situation.
F．It's all up to you to decide how you can help them.
G．However, you know that there's nothing you can do.
【模拟题 2】【2022·辽宁实验中学一模】
“Music is where everything started,” Samira Horton says. ____6____ She has been rapping and performing
since she was 6 years old. Through music, DJ Annie Red says, “I can express myself and let out my emotion.”
The rising hip-hop star uses music to share a message about bullying. “I was bullied a lot,” she says, “even
today, especially because of my voice.” DJ Annie Red has a deep voice. ____7____ But DJ Annie Red has found
a way to rise above their rude remarks. Instead of thinking of her voice as a weakness, she uses it to spread her
anti-bullying message far and wide.
____8____ She posts her music online, too. She likes to give students a rhythmic and interactive show while
teaching them how to overcome bullying. “It makes them feel like they're not alone.”
Annie Red believes that standing up to bullying is more important than ever. ____9____ “You don't have to
show your face at all,” she says. “Someone could easily be affected by that.”
____10____ She believes that kids of her generation can make things better by finding their passions, and
using those passions to inspire changes, as she has. “Kids' being more confident in themselves and wanting to do
something that they really enjoy doing is something that motivates me to keep doing what I do.”
A．But she sees a brighter future ahead.
B．People have told her she sounds like a boy.
C．She encourages kids of all ages to stand up to bullying.
D．DJ Annie Red has performed at schools, festivals and Brooklyn Net games.
E．Her 2017 book, The Bully Stop, is based on her song “No You Won't Bully Me”.
F．The 13-year-old from Brooklyn, New York, is known to the world as DJ Annie Red.
G．That's because people can bully others on social media while hiding behind a username.【模拟题 3】【2022·河北唐山·一模】
When I was an incoming(即将入学的）student in University of Oxford，I participated FYSOP. Ever since
then, whenever it comes up in conversation, I am met with the following question: “What is FYSOP?”
____11____
FYSOP stands for First Year Student Outreach Project, which focuses around a week service to the city of
Oxford and its various neighborhoods. ____12____ They volunteer for the Oxford community at local sites
helping out schools, parks or non-profit organizations.
Students are divided into groups and led by student leaders. These leaders ensure that each place is prepared
and that the students get there safely.____13____In this way the incoming students are able to reflect on what it
means to give back and to be a part of the community. These conversations are important for incoming students
because of the change they experience starting out in college.
____14____ Students obtain valuable volunteer experiences and meet new people. Also, FYSOP participants
get to move in a week earlier than most other students. This means that you get to skip out on the hurried move in
schedule and might even get a slightly cheaper flight than if you were moving in with the other 140,000 college
students.
____15____ Through my personal experience, I met some of my best friends, got a better understanding of
the layout(布局) of Oxford，and really enjoyed volunteering at various non-profits. If you are not, maybe
consider staffing FYSOP in the future.
A．Here’s a brief introduction.
B．Here’s why it has been established.
C．The participants are all incoming students.
D．There are so many bonuses being a part of FYSOP!
E．If you’re an incoming student, FYSOP is worth looking into.
F．Both the community and the students benefit a lot from the project.
G．Leaders also open up conversations throughout the service experience.
【模拟题 4】【2022·宁夏·银川一中一模】
As is known to us, many entrepreneurs, even those who run a tiny business that amount to self-employment
like their freedom and self-reliance and the possibility that they could become wealthy.
____16____ Considering the bleak employment conditions and government’s encouraging policies towardscollege students, it is no surprise that so many graduates choose self-employment instead of finding a job.
Self-employment can bring many benefits to the society as well as to the students themselves. ____17____
For the students, they can not only put what they have learned at school into practice, but also have an opportunity
to improve their innovation abilities by combining their theoretical knowledge with social practice. ____18____
For one thing, due to the limitations of college students themselves, such as lack of experience, social network and
well-considered plans, etc.. ____19____ For another, once they fail in managing well their own business, they
may easily feel depressed and come to a breakdown.
As a saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way. In my view, as long as the students realize the
difficulties and make full preparation, it is worth trying to start their own business. ____20____
A．it is advised that they have to start small.
B．After all, anything should be tried when young.
C．Self-employment can also have disadvantages, though.
D．Hence, advantages will arise in the course of self-employment.
E．it is tough to be successful, thus causing a waste of social resources.
F．For the society, self-employment can ease the pressure of employment.
G．Self-employment is attracting many a newly graduated college student.
【模拟题 5】【2022·河北石家庄·一模】
Wildlife workers in Florida are feeding manatees to keep them from starving. ____21____ So far, the rescue
workers have already given out 25 tons of lettuce.
Manatees are huge sea mammals that can be as long as 4 meters when grown.____22____ In spite of their
size, manatees only eat plants that live in the sea. That’s one reason they’re sometimes called “sea cows”. They
spend most of their time in warm shallow water looking for food.
But Florida’s manatees have been on the US government’s list of endangered animals since 1967. Most
threats to manatees come from humans. One of the biggest problems facing the creatures are boats. ____23____
Manatees are curious and fairly slow, which has led to thousands of manatees being injured or killed.
____24____At one point, there were only about 2, 000 manatees left in Florida. But by 2016, there were
roughly 8,800 manatees.
But now manatees are facing a new challenge: they can't get enough to eat. Many of the beds of sea grass that
manatees depend upon have been killed by human-caused pollution. Sea grass began to disappear around 2011.
Warming seas, combined with polluted water and fertilizers that have washed off of farmlands, have created hugegrowths of algae on the ocean’s surface.
Last year, 1,101 manatees died from starving.____25____ Many of the manatees that remain are so thin that
their ribs can be seen. Often they have trouble swimming.
So last December, wildlife experts came up with a plan to get emergency food to the manatees. They decided
to feed them green vegetables like lettuce and cabbage. Long term, Florida is working to help restore sea grass
beds. But that will take time.
A．That was a record.
B．They can weigh up to 590 kilograms.
C．The feeding station has been very successful.
D．With protection, manatees managed to bounce back.
E．It blocks the sunlight that allows the sea grass to grow.
F．But feeding these massive sea creatures takes a lot of food.
G．Research needs to be done to determine what food would be best.
【模拟题 6】【2022·江苏南通·一模】
What’s better: private school vs public school? Choosing which school to send your children to can be a very
hard decision to make. ____26____
Ask about testing scores. Students at private schools tend to outscore public school students on standardized
tests, which can affect your child’s ability to get into college. ____27____ Researchers have used the same data
to come to conflicting conclusions. Other factors like socioeconomic status, can influence student’s scores,
regardless of where they are educated.
____28____ In general, public schools tend to have larger class sizes than private schools. If you need a
school that can give more attention to individual students, you might consider a private school or a smaller public
school.
Tour the school. Before you even begin to choose between a public or private one, you’ll need to schedule a
tour of the school you’re interested in. Do the students look happy and engaged? Are the learning spaces bright
and clean? ____29____ Taking your children along gives the them chance to see the school and decide if it feels
like a comfortable environment to them.
Don’t put too much stock in online ratings. ____30____ But they could also have fantastic teachers and
principals. Talking to others help you figure out if this is true. Therefore, don’t write a school off just because its
ratings are a little low.In a word, knowing what matters to you in terms of the differences between public and private education can
make your decision a little easier.
A．The final decision is yours.
B．Take into account class size.
C．Some practical actions can help a lot.
D．However, there is some debate about this.
E．You can learn a lot about these when you visit.
F．Same schools might have unfavorable comments.
G．Decide how important private schools are to your child.
【模拟题 7】【2022·陕西省榆林中学二模】
Fall is our favourite hiking season. It’s not too hot. The bugs are gone. Solitude (无人居住的地方) is easier
to find. But fall hiking has its own complications, especially when it comes to weather. ____31____
Protect your feet. Pamper your feet, and they’ll take you around the world. ____32____ A pair of suede or
synthetic shoes will offer great comfort, without a big “breaking in” process. They dry fast, and aren’t tough on the
wallet. If you’re going for longer treks (跋涉), then you’ll want footwear that offers support, comfort, weather
resistance, and durability.
Backpacks. ____33____ Size. For a short hike, a daypack is best. It’s light, practical, and big enough to
carry the essentials (you’ve looking for something between 15 and 35 L). For longer hikes, look for a pack
between 30-50 L with an integrated frame (to prevent the bag from putting too much pressure on your back and
shoulders).
Stay hydrated (含水的). Yes, the heatwaves of summer are probably gone for the year, but packing enough
water is vital in any season. ____34____ For longer treks, consider a hydration reservoir, which can carry
anywhere from 0.5 to 10 L. No need to search in your pack for your water bottle; just enjoy a sip from the handy
tube.
____35____ Changeable fall can transform a sunny morning into a wet, cold afternoon. After a forest hike,
the wind atop the lookout can bite. Dress in layers. If it’s warm, you can take a layer off to prevent sweating. If it’s
cool, you can add a layer back on. Softshells are easily packable and light. They keep wind and water off, and are
easy to take on and off as needed. Dressing for your trek? Check the forecast before hitting the trails.
A．Number one criterion?
B．Keep warm and dry.C．Like only cheep shoes?
D．Just going short distances?
E．Having enough water will keep you energetic.
F．Before heading out, check out this handy fall hiking checklist.
G．For shorter hikes, this might just mean filling up your favourite water bottle.
【模拟题 8】【2022·广西南宁·一模】
Some people love the tradition of setting a goal each Jan. 1st. ____36____. But there is actually a logic to
joining the New Year’s resolution trend. If you want to increase your chances of sticking to your 2022 New Year’s
resolution, behavioral scientists have discovered a host of techniques that can help.
• Make it measurable.
An unclear, ill-defined target, such as “get fitter”, is a reason for a failed resolution. To increase your chances
of success, ask yourself what you consider "fitter" and how you can achieve this. A better solution might be “run
5kms in X minutes". ____37____. Specific goals allow you to track progress, which in turn can motivate you.
• Make it fun.
If you get pleasure from your workouts or study sessions, research has found you’11 carry on longer.
____38____. For example, only letting yourself drink a mocha latte during study sessions so there is an attraction
to get you to the library.
• ____39____.
Ensuring you’ll face some punishment if you don’t achieve your New Year’s resolution can work wonders.
One easy way to do this is by telling a few people about your goal so you 11 feel ashamed if they check back later
and find out you haven’t followed through.
• Get a little help from your friends.
Spending time around high achievers can promote your own performance. If your resolution is to run a
marathon, you’d be wise to start hanging around friends who’ve made it to the finish line and can show you how
it’s done. ____40____,because you’ll tend to learn their patterns of behavior.
A．Consider a punishment
B．Figure out your resolution list
C．You’re extra motivated to set your goals
D．You’ll pick up a bit just by spending time together
E．You could even add deadlines for reaching certain important stagesF．Others argue it’s a waste of time since most resolutions fail by mid-March
G．One way to make going for a goal more fun is to combine it with a pleasure
【模拟题 9】【2022·山东·烟台市教育科学研究院一模】
Adele’s new album, “30”, is finally available. Last month, hundreds of millions of us streamed its first single,
“Easy On Me.” This song arouses feelings not easily put into words, but we can probably agree it is a sad song.
___41___ Yet sad music does pull us in and lift us up.
Let’s start with a biological theory. When we experience real-life loss, or empathize (体会) with another’s
pain, certain hormones are released within us. ___42___ They do so by making us feel calmed and supported.
Feeling Adele’s pain, or recalling our own, may cause such chemical changes within us.
Psychologically, a key reason we enjoy sad songs is that they profoundly move us. Feeling moved can come
from us suddenly feeling closer to other people. Indeed, when we have listened to “30”, we may turn to reaction
videos to see how others feel. ___43___And it boosts our feeling of being moved and triggers feelings of comfort
and belonging.
___44___ Adele’s songs allow us to view the pleasure in terms of the meaning she helps us make. Adele
takes hard life experiences and makes sense of them. This is what much sad art does. It takes the pain and
suffering of the world and gives it meaning. As philosopher Friedrich Nietzsche once put it, someone who has a
why to live can bear almost any how.
Ultimately, we listen to Adele’s songs when we want to recall, reflect, or belong. They let us feel her sadness,
share our suffering, and connect with others. To all of us, Adele’s songs say: ___45___
A．You are not alone in your pain.
B．Music speaks louder than words.
C．These help us to tackle loss and pain.
D．We can also think at the spiritual level.
E．Few people are aware sad music makes us feel good.
F．This lets us share an emotional experience with others.
G．This may make us better prepared for when real loss strikes.
【模拟题 10】【2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·一模】
Have a look at some of the common myths (误区) about college admissions in the US.
___46___Of course, your grades matter. But many students with perfect scores have been rejected because they didn’t
have anything else to set them apart.
Actually, what really matters depends on the classes you took, based on the offerings at your high school.
Some schools offer more advanced courses than others, and a B in one of these more challenging courses can
signify a higher level of mastery than an A in a grade-level class at a school. ___47___. Many admission officers
look for an upward trend and improvements over time that enable a student to finish strong.
The more clubs and activities, the better
___48___.
Being committed to key interests is more important than joining a lot of clubs. Colleges look for depth and
potential leadership, not just participation. For example, your competitive swimming experience and working your
way up to team captain add something really important to your strong academic record.
Some students simply don’t have time for clubs and sports because they might need to take care of younger
sisters and brothers after school or hold a part-time job. ___49___ .
Ask for a recommendation only from a teacher who gave you an A
The best person to ask for a letter of recommendation isn’t necessarily a teacher who gave you an A．
___50___ . You might choose the teacher who taught your most difficult class, for example, or a class you
thought you wouldn’t like but did.
A．Talk to the admission officer in person
B．Getting all A’s is the most important thing
C．Colleges usually measure applicants in terms of test scores
D．And don’t be discouraged if your grades weren’t good early in high school
E．In that case, they would do well to focus on what they get out of such work
F．Quality means more than quantity when it comes to extracurricular activities
G．It’s better to go to a teacher who can show a different side of you to the college
