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专题 18 阅读专项---推理判断题
（原卷版）三年真题多维细目表年份 试卷 篇 体裁 主题 考点
目 主题语境 语境内容 细节 推理 主旨 词义
理解 判断 大意 猜测
题 题 题 题
2022 全国 A 应用文 人与社会 英国剧院 21 22 26 34 27 31 28
甲卷 B 说明文 人与自然 生物与人的智力对比 23 24 35 32
C 记叙文 人与自我 难忘的南极之旅 25 29
D 夹叙夹 人与社会 不同的人文化冲突的见解 30 33
议
全国 A 应用文 人与社会 画家亨利·雷伯恩爵士展览 21 22 25 27 31 29
乙卷 B 书评 人与社会 Dorothy Wickenden的书籍 23 24 30 35
C 说明文 人与自然 “空中之眼”的技术应用于无 26 28
人机 32 33
D 说明文 人与自我 征收的糖税来解决青少年儿童 34
健康问题
新I A 应用文 人与社会 文学概论课程评分办法 22 25 21 23 34 30
卷 B 说明文 人与社会 日常生活中的食物浪费现象以 26 27 24 28
及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席 32 33 29 31
执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而 35
采取的努力
C 说明文 人与社会 旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的
健康状况的项目
D 说明文 人与社会 因为饮食的改变导致了现在从
世界上一半的语言中发现了新
的语音
新II A 应用文 人与社会 儿童博物馆团体游 21 22 26 28 31 24 30
卷 B 记叙文 人与社会 新型阅读体验 23 25 32 33
使用Textalyzer（短信监控 27 29 34 35
C 说明文 人与社会
器）的技术来监控司机在开车
D 说明文 人与社会 锻炼对于心脏的好处
A 应用文 人与社会 摄影领域赛事 23 24
21 22
B 说明文 人与自然 人与动物 27 30
全国 25 26
C 记叙文 人与社会 家庭生活 31 32 35 29
甲卷 28 34
2021 33
D 议论文 人与社会 生存与环境
全国 A 说明文 人与社会 体育建筑 21 22 26 27
24 31 25
乙卷 B 说明文 人与社会 科学与技术 23 33 28 29C 说明文 人与自然 环境保护 30 32
34 35
D 说明文 人与自我 乐于、善于学习
应 用 21 22
A 人与社会 罗马的四个旅馆
文 23 24 25 30
新I
B 记叙文 人与社会 介绍钢琴翻页的职业 26 27 33 34 32 35 29
卷
C 说明文 人与社会 湿地破坏，保护环境 28 32
D 议论文 人与自我 人们对情商概念的误解
A 应用文 人与社会 今年夏天约克郡的四个活动 21 22
B 记叙文 人与自然 作者保护两个老虎幼崽 23 24
新II 英国女教师获得奖金后帮助艺 27 28
C 记叙文 人与社会 26 29 31 25
卷 术家进入学校 30 32
澳大利亚教授开发机器人来检 33 34
D 说明文 人与社会
测牧牛的情况 35
A 应用文 人与社会 乘坐火车信息 24 25
全国 B 说明文 人与自我 认识自我 21 22 27 28
32 35 26
I卷 C 说明文 人与自然 体育健康 23 33 29 30
D 记叙文 人与自我 人与植物 31 34
A 说明文 人与社会 旅游交通 21 22
全国 B 说明文 人与社会 完善自我 23 24 28 31 27
30 33
2020
II卷 C 说明文 人与自然 人与动物 25 26 32 35
D 说明文 人与自我 终身学习 29 34
A 说明文 人与社会 地理概况
全国 21 22 27 28
B 说明文 人与社会 人与动物
25 31
III 23 24 29 30 26
35
C 说明文 人与自然 家庭生活
卷 33 34 32
D 说明文 人与自我 生存与环境
推理判断类题目近三年高考的设问方式如下：
序号 来源 题干
1 2022甲卷 26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?
2 2022甲卷 34. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?
3 2022甲卷 35. Which statement will the author probably agree with?
4 2022乙卷 5. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
5 2022乙卷 7. What is the text?
6 2022乙卷 10. What function is expected of the rail drones?
7 2022乙卷 15. What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy?8 2022新I卷 21. Where is this text probably taken from?
9 2022新I卷 23. What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
10 2022新I卷 24. What does the author want to show by telling the arugula story?
11 2022新I卷 28. What is the purpose of the project?
12 2022新I卷 29. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier?
13 2022新I卷 31. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs?
14 2022新I卷 35. What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds?
15 2022新II卷 6. What does the author think of himself?
16 2022新II卷 8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?
17 2022新II卷 12. What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
18 2022新II卷 13. In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
19 2022新II卷 14. What does Levine’s research find?
20 2022新II卷 15. What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
21 2021甲卷 23. Where can the text be found?
22 2021甲卷 24. Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
23 2021甲卷 27. What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
24 2021甲卷 30. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
25 2021甲卷 31. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
26 2021甲卷 32.What does the author think of victors' standards for joining the genius club?
27 2021甲卷 33.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science?
28 2021乙卷 27. What can be inferred about the landline from the last paragraph?
29 2021乙卷 30. What effect would "Truckload of Plastic" have on viewers?
30 2021乙卷 35. What can we infer about the author from the text?
31 2021新I卷 25. Which of the following best describes Titterton's job on stage?
32 2021新I卷 30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?
33 2021新I卷 33. Why does the author mention "doctor" and "cheater" in paragraph 2?
34 2021新I卷 34. What is the author's attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence?
35 2021新II卷 6. What did the author think of raising the tiger cubs at home?
36 2021新II卷 9. What does Craig-Martin think of the teaching of the arts in UK schools?
37 2020全国I卷 24.Why does the author like rereading?
38 2020全国I卷 27.What can we infer about the author from the text?
39 2020全国I卷 29. What advantage does race walking have over running?
40 2020全国I卷 31. Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
41 2020全国I卷 34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?
42 2020全国II卷 28. What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?
43 2020全国II卷 31. What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?44 2020全国II卷 32. Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
45 2020全国III卷 27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?
46 2020全国III卷 28. Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?
47 2020全国III卷 29. What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?
48 2020全国III卷 30. What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
49 2020全国III卷 32. What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1?
高考推理判断题的考查方式
分类 特点 方法
1. 仔细浏览所有选项，排除与原文信息一样的选项
题干中 infer、conclude、suggest、
隐含判断题 2. 立足原文，结合语境和常识，在原文的基础上进行合乎
imply、indicate、assume等词
逻辑的推断
1. 梳理篇章结构
2. 把握写作思路，如事件发展的先后顺序、因果关系、递
根据语篇，对事件可能的结局或下
预测推断题 进关系、对比关系、空间转换
段可能涉及的内容等进行预测判断
3. 弄清句、段之间的逻辑关系
4. 作出科学、合理的预测
对号入座：
报纸：前面常会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称
原则：从文章内容或结构判断其出
文章出处题 广告：格式特殊，容易辨认
处
产品说明：常含有操作方式、使用方法等
网页：常含有网页的典型用语，如网址
常见词汇：objective/neutral/ 1. 全面理解文章的内容和中心思想
indifferent/unclear/positive/approving/ 2. 抓住体现人物观点态度的关键句或列举的事例
观点态度题 optimistic/hopeful/negative/ 3. 注意流露作者思想倾向或感情色彩的形容词、副词、动
disapproving/critical/pessimistic/ 词
doubtful/skeptical
经典真题呈现
（2022·全国乙卷·阅读B）
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y. — Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond
Underwood — traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to
Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes
were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The UnexpectedEducation of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s
granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had
undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow
on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse
to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the
girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling
through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some
beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped
behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small
animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history.
C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing.
2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships.
3．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising?
A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West.
4．What is the text?
A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry.
（2022·全国I卷·阅读A）
Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%;
Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be
submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn
directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes
during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be
completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned
in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short
writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
5．Where is this text probably taken from?
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
6．How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
7．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date?
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
（2022·全国II卷·阅读D）
As we age, even if we’re healthy, the heart just isn’t as efficient in processing oxygen as it used to be. In most people
the first signs show up in their 50s or early 60s. And among people who don’t exercise, the changes can start even sooner.
“Think of a rubber band. In the beginning, it is flexible, but put it in a drawer for 20 years and it will become dry and
easily broken,” says Dr. Ben Levine, a heart specialist at the University of Texas. That’s what happens to the heart.
Fortunately for those in midlife, Levine is finding that even if you haven’t been an enthusiastic exerciser, getting in shape
now may help improve your aging heart.
Levine and his research team selected volunteers aged between 45 and 64 who did not exercise much but were
otherwise healthy. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. The first group participated in a program of
nonaerobic (无氧) exercise—balance training and weight training—three times a week. The second group did high-intensity
aerobic exercise under the guidance of a trainer for four or more days a week. After two years, the second group saw
remarkable improvements in heart health.
“We took these 50-year-old hearts and turned the clock back to 30-or 35-year-old hearts,” says Levine. “And the reasonthey got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and pump (泵送) a lot more blood during
exercise.” But the hearts of those who participated in less intense exercise didn’t change, he says.
“The sweet spot in life to start exercising, if you haven’t already, is in late middle age when the heart still has
flexibility,” Levine says. “We put healthy 70-year-olds through a yearlong exercise training program, and nothing happened
to them at all.”
Dr. Nieca Goldberg, a spokeswoman for the American Heart Association, says Levine’s findings are a great start. But
the study was small and needs to be repeated with far larger groups of people to determine exactly which aspects of an
exercise routine make the biggest difference.
8．What does Levine want to explain by mentioning the rubber band?
A．The right way of exercising. B．The causes of a heart attack.
C．The difficulty of keeping fit. D．The aging process of the heart.
9．In which aspect were the two groups different in terms of research design?
A．Diet plan. B．Professional background.
C．Exercise type. D．Previous physical condition.
10．What does Levine’s research find?
A．Middle-aged hearts get younger with aerobic exercise.
B．High-intensity exercise is more suitable for the young.
C．It is never too late for people to start taking exercise.
D．The more exercise we do, the stronger our hearts get.
11．What does Dr. Nieca Goldberg suggest?
A．Making use of the findings. B．Interviewing the study participants.
C．Conducting further research. D．Clarifying the purpose of the study.
（2021·全国甲卷·阅读B）
Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf
(犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived on January 31, she became the 40th black rhino to be born at the reserve. And
officials at Port Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhinos are known for being difficult to
breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head of rhino section at Port Lympne, said: “Obviously we're all absolutely delighted to welcome another
calf to our black rhino family. She's healthy, strong and already eager to play and explore. Her mother, Solio, is a first-time
mum and she is doing a fantastic job. It's still a little too cold for them to go out into the open, but as soon as the weather
warms up, I have no doubt that the little one will be out and about exploring and playing every day.”
The adorable female calf is the second black rhino born this year at the reserve, but it is too early to tell if the calveswill make good candidates to be returned to protected areas of the wild. The first rhino to be born at Port Lympne arrived on
January 5 to first-time mother Kisima and weighed about 32kg. His mother, grandmother and great grandmother were all
born at the reserve and still live there.
According to the World Wildlife Fund, the global black rhino population has dropped as low as 5500, giving the rhinos
a “critically endangered” status.
12．Which of the following best describes the breeding programme?
A．Costly. B．Controversial. C．Ambitious. D．Successful.
13．What does Paul Beer say about the new-born rhino?
A．She loves staying with her mother. B．She dislikes outdoor activities.
C．She is in good condition D．She is sensitive to heat.
14．What similar experience do Solio and Kisima have?
A．They had their first born in January. B．They enjoyed exploring new places
C．They lived with their grandmothers. D．They were brought to the reserve young
15．What can be inferred about Porn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhino section will be open to the public.
B．It aims to control the number of the animals.
C．It will continue to work with the World Wildlife Fund.
D．Some of its rhinos may be sent to the protected wild areas.
（2021·全国乙卷·阅读D）
During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often. Annoyed by the level
of distraction（干扰）in his open office, he said, “That’s why I have a membership at the coworking space across the street
— so I can focus”. His comment struck me as strange. After all, coworking spaces also typically use an open office layout
（布局）. But I recently came across a study that shows why his approach works.
The researchers examined various levels of noise on participants as they completed tests of creative thinking. They
were randomly divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background, from total silence to 50
decibels（分贝）, 70 decibels, and 85 decibels. The differences between most of the groups were statistically insignificant;
however, the participants in the 70 decibels group — those exposed to a level of noise similar to background chatter in a
coffee shop — significantly outperformed the other groups. Since the effects were small, this may suggest that our creative
thinking does not differ that much in response to total silence and 85 decibels of background noise.
But since the results at 70 decibels were significant, the study also suggests that the right level of background noise —
not too loud and not total silence — may actually improve one’s creative thinking ability. The right level of background
noise may interrupt our normal patterns of thinking just enough to allow our imaginations to wander, without making itimpossible to focus. This kind of “distracted focus” appears to be the best state for working on creative tasks.
So why do so many of us hate our open offices? The problem may be that, in our offices, we can’t stop ourselves from
getting drawn into others’ conversations while we’re trying to focus. Indeed, the researchers found that face-to-face
interactions and conversations affect the creative process, and yet a coworking space or a coffee shop provides a certain
level of noise while also providing freedom from interruptions.
16．Why does the interviewer prefer a coworking space?
A．It helps him concentrate. B．It blocks out background noise.
C．It has a pleasant atmosphere. D．It encourages face-to-face interactions.
17．Which level of background noise may promote creative thinking ability?
A．Total silence. B．50 decibels C．70 decibels. D．8 5 decibels.
18．What makes an open office unwelcome to many people?
A．Personal privacy unprotected. B．Limited working space.
C．Restrictions on group discussion. D．Constant interruptions.
19．What can we infer about the author from the text?
A．He’s a news reporter.
B．He’s an office manager.
C．He’s a professional designer.
D．He’s a published writer.
（2020·全国I卷·阅读C）
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer
injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer
race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay
straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange
form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise
science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at
a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they
would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research,
runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the
ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race
walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such
injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first
consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
20．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A．They must run long distances.
B．They are qualified for the marathon.
C．They have to follow special rules.
D．They are good at swinging their legs.
21．What advantage does race walking have over running?
A．It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B．It’s less challenging physically.
C．It’s more effective in body building.
D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
22．What is Dr. Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A．Getting experts’ opinions.
B．Having a medical checkup.
C．Hiring an experienced coach.
D．Doing regular exercises.
23．Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A．Skeptical. B．Objective.
C．Tolerant. D．Conservative.
