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►专题 04 七选五阅读满分技巧（上）
讲
考点难点精
【解法思维导图】
【题型解读】
该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下
文逻辑意义）三类。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于
宽泛要么以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。
（1）对文章整体内容的考察
（2）对文章整体结构的考察
（3）上下文逻辑意义的考察。
故设空处考察一般为以下三类：
1.主旨概括句（文章整体内容）。设空处常在段首或者在黑标题处。
2.过渡性句子（文章整体结构）。设空处常在段中或段末，附近常有反映文章的行文结构的词汇（首
先，其次，再次等）
3.细节性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。设空处常在段中或段末，附近没有反映文章的行文结构的词汇。【文体特点】
说明议论文
注意，第一段与后边段落中的总分结构，一个段落内部，论点与论据之间的总分结构；段落内部不同论据
间的并列结构；不同论点之间的并列结构。做题时，我们要找到表示总分结构及并列结构的关键词，这个
是方法的核心。
记叙文
注意记叙文是包括记叙和议论两个环节。所以需要分清楚哪里是记叙，哪里是议论。方法，记叙环节是过
去时或者过去完成时；议论环节是一般现在时或者现在完成时。
【应试技巧】
技巧一：从细节逻辑上判断——因果关系
在做题时最重要的是要读懂空白前后的句子，明白这几句话的确切意思，然后根据意思的连贯性
或逻辑性从选项中选取正确答案。在读懂意思的基础上，判断它们之间的关系来进一步确认答案。
因果关系主要指前后的句子有着原因和结果之间的关系，这种关系往往说明了前因后果或者前果
后因等情况。表示因果关系的连词有 as a result 结果，thus/therefore 因此，so (such)...如此------以至
于等。
技巧二：从细节逻辑上判断——转折关系
转折关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上的
逆转，则空格处很有可能是个转折逻辑的句子。
表示转折关系的连接词有：However 然而, nevertheless 仍然，然而，不过, nonetheless 尽管如此，
依然，然而, still 还;然而, though 可是，不过，然而, yet 然而, in spite of 不顾，不管, at any rate 无论
如何，至少, in any case 无论如何，不管怎样, whoever 无论是谁, whatever 无论什么，on the contrary
正相反, in contrast 与此相反, 相比之下, by contrast 相反, 相比之下, in comparison 比较起来，比较地,
by comparison 相比之下, conversely 相反(地), otherwise 否则;除此以外，not---but 不是-----而是，as
well也等。
技巧三：从细节逻辑上判断——例证关系前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式多样，但就其本质而言无非是思维上的
形象(例子、类比等)和抽象(观点)的辩证关系，用到的思维过程无非就是基本的归纳(从例子到观点)和
推理(从观点到例子)。
技巧四：从细节逻辑上判断——递进关系
递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间是逻辑上
的层进关系，则空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。
表示递进关系的连词有：also 也, 而且, further 另外(的);, furthermore 而且，此外, likewise 同样
地，照样地;也，又, similarly 相似地，类似地, moreover 而且再者，此外, in addition 另外，加之,
what’s more更重要的是, too也，还, either也, neither两者都不, not only…but also不但…而且等。
技巧五：从细节逻辑上判断——平列关系
表示列举关系的有：first首先, 第一, second 第二, third第三…; firstly 第一, 首先, secondly 第二
(点);其次, thirdly第三…; first第一, next其次, then那么, 然后…; in the first place 第一，首先, in the
second place第二, 其次…; for one thing首先，一则, for another thing其次…; to begin with首先，第
一, to conclude首先，第一等
技巧六：从词汇线索上判断——代词
英语表达中的代词出现的频率极高，代词的作用是指代前面提及的名词或形容词概念，巧妙利用
这样的指代关系和根据代词的单复数差异可以准确而快速地解题。
技巧七：从词汇线索上判断——同义词/近义词
英语前言后语之间往往有同义词、近义词、近义表达语甚至相同词汇的重复使用，这是我们解题
的一个很好的判断线索。其实就其本质而言，上文讲的代词和下文将涉及的上下义词和同一范畴词都
是特殊的同义/近义词。
技巧八：从词汇线索上判断——上下义词/同一范畴词上下义词和同一范畴词就是前者包含了后者，或可以说后者是前者的一个子集。利用前后句中这
样的特殊的同义关系常常可以很轻松地解题。
技巧九：从试题位置上判断——问题在段首
假如问题出现在段首，它通常是段落主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同
义词或其他相关的词，推断出主题句。另外着重阅读后文第一两句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中
查找相关特征词。通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的，因此这两句间
会有某种的衔接手段，尤其当选项是几句话时。
技巧十：从试题位置上判断——问题在段尾
所选答案是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开
头是否有一定的衔接。认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。
分析与前文是转折或是对比关系。此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折、对比的关联词，同时注意
选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立、对比关系。
如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题。通常文章第一段要提出文章的
主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案中应有这样的特征词。
段尾通常是结论、概括性语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如
therefore, as a result, thus, hence, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等词语，选项中也可发
现前文的同义词句。
_____
练
好题优选演
2022年新高考全国I卷
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was:
“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym, ” while another read: “___36___” With a
workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition.So, how do you find a workout partner?
First of all, decide what you want from that person. ___37___ Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to
move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner.
You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media, but it probably won’t result in a useful
response. ___38___ If you plan on working out in a gym, that person must belong to the same gym.
My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park. Her notice included what kind of training she
wanted to do, how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session, and her age. It also
listed her favorite sports and activities, and provided her phone number. ___39___
You and your partner will probably have different skills. ___40___ Over time, both of you will benefit — your
partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit. The core (核心) of your relationship
is that you will always be there to help each other.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
2022年新高考全国II卷
Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to
practice three simple techniques.
___16___ When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop
for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. ___17___ Don’t worry about
grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of
ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. ___18___ Yet, by learning
to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.
Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. ___19___
As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in theblank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes
into your word processor. ___20___ The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A. Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B. Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C. The second draft of the essay should be better.
D. First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E. Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F. Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
2022年浙江卷
I have a drawer full of letters to Santa. Each year my children would write up their Christmas wish lists. They
were polite requests for the latest game or toy. As the children got older, they would give Santa some hints(提示)on
where to buy their presents. ____31____
Those letters taught my children a valuable lesson about writing: It has a purpose. Sometimes our purpose is to
achieve something;other times it may be to entertain, inform, or persuade. ____32____ And when writing doesn’t seem
to have any purpose or get any kind of meaningful response, then it can be hard to get excited about doing it.
Christmas is a great time of year for children to communicate with others through writing. When children write for
real audiences and real purposes, they can learn to choose their words accordingly. ____33____ You write “Dear
Santa” because you don’t know him personally and you want to show him respect.
____34____ Texting, online messaging, live chats while playing video games all mean that they are constantly
producing written messages. However, because they are usually writing to family and friends, they use informal
language most of the time.
There is nothing wrong with this kind of writing. It suits the audience and the purpose and gets the job done.
____35____ This type of writing won’t be rewarded by the school examiner, nor by a future employer or a potential
client. The very best communicators are those who know how to adjust their language to match their audience.
A. It isn’t that these young people can’t write.
B. But it is always purposeful-or at least it should be.
C. The age of pen-and-paper letter writing may have passed.
D. As a result, each year they received something they wanted.
E. You write “Hi Nanna and Pop” because you are close to them.F. As technology develops, young people are writing more than they ever have.
G. But if this is the only kind of writing young people do, it will cause problems.
2021年新高考1卷
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 1 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically
expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the
hallway.
The place wasn't entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing （水管）
worked. 2 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, "Ouverture des portes, " in
perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it's a shame l don't have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a
couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 3 French strawberries do not taste like
cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
4 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some
groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I
agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost ＄18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency （效率）. You can tell this by café life.
French cafés are always crowded. 5 When do these people work? The French take their 35-hour
workweek seriously—so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies
limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
A.Not all the customers are tourists.
B.The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C.There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D.The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E.That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F.Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy.2021年新高考2卷
If the only reading you ever do is the novel or magazine, the speed at which you read -probably does not matter
very much. But if you have to read a great deal for study, you will appreciate the benefits of being able to read more
quickly. ____16____
·Before you open the book, make sure that you are comfortable. You need a seat which supports your back and the
book should be at the right distance from your eyes. ____17____
____18____ Look at the table of contents, the preface, the chapter heading,etc.This will help you to decide
whether you really need to read the whole book or only certain parts of it. Ten minutes spent in this way could save you
quite a lot of time in the long run.
If you decide that you need to read the whole book, decide how much you can read at a time. ____19____ A
history book which may contain the facts in story form will be easier to read than one dealing with scientific subjects.
In the former case you may be able to read a chapter. In the latter you may only be able to read one page.
Always keep a pencil and paper beside you. ____20____Note also the facts important for your purpose as well as
anything which leads you to further research. You don't have to write these things in detail. It is enough to put the page
number and one or two words as a reminder .
A. Stop to have a rest now and then.
B. Spend a few minutes looking through the book.
C. This depends on the type of book you are reading.
D. Here are some tips to help improve your reading speed.
E. Make a note of any page which is of special importance.
F. You may find yourself having to leam something by heart.
G. Keep the room cool rather than warm to avoid feeling sleepy.
2021年6月浙江卷
You've got mail…and it's a postcard
Paulo Magalhaes, a 34-year-old Portuguese computer engineer, loves to open his mailbox and find a brightly
colored picture of Rome's Colosseum. Or Africa's Victoria Falls. Or China's Great Wall. 1
"I often send postcards to family and friends, " he says to China Daily, "but you can imagine that after a while, you
never receive as many as you send, and you realize that not everyone is into it, 2 " Seeking other like-minded
souls, however, Paulo started looking in a somewhat unlikely place: online, Many would say the Internet is a place for
people who have given up on the traditional postal service, but Paulo's hunch（直觉）paid off.Today his hobby has developed into the website postcrossing. com, a social network that has grown to 575, 217
registered users in 214 countries and regions since he started it 10 years ago. 3 Running the website has almost
turned into a full-time job.
Language is certainly a barrier for many people. For postcrossing to work worldwide, a common communication
language is needed so that everyone can understand each other. As cool as it may be to receive a postcard written in
Chinese, the concept doesn't work if one doesn't understand it. 4 So a common language is required and in
postcrossing that's English since it's widely spoken.
"Many people in China have limited exposure to Engish. 5 That said, we know of many postcrossing
members, including Chinese, who have actually improved their English skills through their use of postcrossing. " Paulo
says.
A.And that's totally fine.
B.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.
C.He likes to think of sending postcards as a family-friendly hobby.
D.Many love to make a connection with someone from across the world.
E.On August 5, the number of postcards exchanged by members topped 31 million.
F.Similarly, if you speak only Chinese, receiving a card in Swedish takes part of the fun away.
G.In short, he loves postcards, and the excitement of getting a hand-written note from someone far away.
【2021·全国甲卷】
Swap, Don’t shop!
You keep hearing about recycling, right? But it doesn't end with bottles, cans, and paper. Clothing takes
a huge amount of natural resources（资源）to make, and buying loads of new clothing（or throwing out old
clothing）is not healthy for the environment. So what to do with all those perfectly-good-but-you're-maybe-
a-little-sick-of-them clothes piled on your bedroom floor? ____16____. It's the best way to get rid of your
used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.
A successful swap depends on the selection of clothes, the organization of the event, and, obviously,
how much fun is had. It's really easy to do! Here are a few pointers.
●Invite 5—10 people so you have a nice selection. ____17____ , and there may not be enough things to
choose from; more than that, and it becomes uncontrollable.
●____18____. They should also prepare plenty of reusable bags to carry their "new" clothes home.
●Put different types of clothing on different surfaces in the room.____19____. Place a few mirrors
around your room so people can see how things look when they try them on. One of the ground rules of theswap should be that everyone must try on the clothes before they take them—things always look different
when you put them on.
●Set a starting time. Maybe you say “go,” or turn on a certain song, or whatever. ____20____. And don't
forget to put out some cookies and fruits. Remember, it's a party!
A. Less people than that
B. Hold a clothing swap
C. If two people are competing
D. Just keep music playing throughout
E. Donate whatever clothes are left over
F Have everyone put their clothes in the right spots
G. Tell everyone to bring clean clothes in good condition
_____
测
名校真题必
浙江丽水、湖州、衢州2022年11月三地市高三教学质量检测英语试题
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to stop glasses fogging up with a face mask
Wearing a mask keeps you safe during the pandemic, but it come with its own set of challenges. And, one of the
biggest drawbacks of wearing a mask is how much your glasses fog up and affect your vision. Taking off your glasses
to wipe them clean each time it fogs up is not only frustrating, but it can also increase the risk of infection. __36__ Here
are some tricks to stop it.
Twist your mask strings.
From the side,once you twist it, the strings will look like the figure eight. This is great for stopping fogging
because it redirects your breath by putting slight downward pressure on the top part of the mask. __37__ This may
leave you infected by virus.
__38__
If you wash your glasses with soap, this creates a thin film on your lenses which limits fogging. Use a fragrance-
free soap and mix it with warm water. Put your glasses in it and let it air dry. When you wear your glasses next,soap
molecules on your lenses should block fogging.
Use tissues.You can put a tissue under the top part of the mask. __39__ To do this DIY trick properly, you should fold a tissue
in half and place the straight edge along the bridge of your nose.
Change the position of your masks and glasses.
__40__ But if you do this there are a few things to keep in mind. Firstly, you need to make sure that your mask
still covers your chin after you pull it up. And, if your prescription is stronger, this trick could impact your vision and
cause increased blurriness.
A.Put glasses in the water.
B.Wash your glasses with soap.
C.It will help catch air and damp,keeping your glasses free of fog.
D.So the key is to prevent or minimize fogging due to face masks.
E.Cover your chin with masks to prevent need for repositioning when talking.
F.Though, it's worth noting that it does create a slight gap between the mask and your face.
G.Pull up your mask and draw your glasses down, blocking your breath from rising upwards.
2022年11月鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校期中联考
Fake news spreads faster and more easily today through the internet, social media and instant messaging. __36__,
which can harm the public health and add to social disorder and division.
Some fake news also contains a mixture of correct information, which makes it difficult to spot what is true and
accurate. __37__. They might not have read the full story before sharing or just glanced over it. Before you decide to
share, make sure to read stories properly and follow some checks to determine the accuracy.
If the story appears to claim a much higher level of certainty in its advice and arguments than other stories, this is
questionable. __38__. So, it is only natural to more readily accept information that provides comfort or easy solutions
-unfortunately, often in a false way.
__39__, it is worth double-checking. Fake news will try to grab your attention by being more exaggerated than
real stories. Anything written entirely in capital letters or containing a lot of exclamation marks should raise your
suspicions.
The best sources for authentic information are your government websites. However, even government messaging
can get things wrong. __40__. For instance, The Conversation is a more trusted source because all content is written by
academics who are experts in their fields. Websites such as APFactCheck and Full Fact highlight common fake news
stories. A search engine can be used to look up the title of the article to see if it has been identified as fake news by the
mainstream media.A. If a story is more surprising
B. If a message presses you to share
C. Fake news may also be shared by trusted friends and family
D. People will be seeking certainty in a time of high uncertainty
E. But they are more trustworthy than unchecked sources on social media
F. Think twice about the messages and help guide your family and friends
G. These messages may contain useless, incorrect information and advice
江苏苏州市2022～2023学年第一学期高三期中调研试卷
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Do you get nervous thinking about geometry, equations or a coming math test? If yes, you are far from alone. 36
Students in countries with higher levels of math anxiety tend to achieve lower math grades, according to a study
published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences on Feb 15.
According to a University of Cambridge study, in ordinary life, many people experience some degree of
discomfort when faced with a math problem, ranging from mild tension to strong fear.
37 They may then try to avoid every situation involving numbers, meaning they are held back from pursuing
careers related to this subject.
Comfort comes from the fact that those with math anxiety are not necessarily to be bad at
math. 38 They may have had a really bad experience with math and there are ways to improve
math achievement.
39 If you’re feeling stressed before a math exam, it may help to spend a few minutes exploring those
feelings before the exam begins. It’s about making sure you’re interpreting your feelings correctly. In addition, a little
math anxiety could be taken as a positive challenge to overcome.
40
A. Also, there are ways to manage your stress related to math.
B. Students with math anxiety are not cognitively disadvantaged.
C. If a child has math anxiety, don’t assume that they’re not good at math.
D. Math anxiety has become a common psychological condition among students around the world.
E. Just because you have a fast heartbeat and sweaty palms, that does not necessarily mean you will fail.
F. Just like many people get stage fright before delivering a speech, this nervous energy can help to motivate.
G. Some people also experience physical symptoms such as sweaty palms or a racing heart.
