文档内容
【上好课】2025年高考一轮复习知识清单
专题36 阅读理解之七选五五种考法（讲案）原卷版
（快问快答+思维导图+考法点拨+真题再练+名校模拟）
目录
一、阅读理解七选五快问快答 P 2
二、阅读理解七选五高考考情 P 2
三、阅读理解七选五思维导图 P3
四、阅读理解七选五考法点拨 P 3
考法一：段首小标题句 P 3
考法二：段首主题句/过渡句 P 5
考法三：段中瞻前顾后型 P 7
考法四：段尾设空题 P 9
考法五：残缺主句或从句型 P1 1
五、阅读理解七选五真题演练(6 篇) P 12
六、阅读理解七选五名校模拟(12 篇) P 17
模拟一：说明文类型 P 17
模拟二：记叙文类型 P2 1
模拟三：议论文类型 P 22
模拟四：残缺句类型 P 25一、阅读理解七选五快问快答
Q1：阅读理解七选五有什么特点？
A1：阅读理解七选五属于阅读理解中档题型，区分度好，需要考生有较强的做题技能和阅读判断能力。
Q2：阅读理解七选五做题步骤如何？
A2：一是“通读”---通读全文把握大意，二是“细读”---以空位单位，结合设空位置和段落结构做出初
步判断。注意先易后难，一时有困难及时放一放，三是“复读”—重点复读有疑问的选项，从设空位置、
前后句逻辑、段落关键词入手多方考虑。
Q3：阅读理解七选五有哪些考查方法？
A3：阅读理解七选五有五大考查方向：一是段首标题句，二是段落主题句/过渡句，三是段中瞻前顾后句，
四是段尾设空题，五是残缺前/后半句型。
Q4：如何提高阅读理解七选五正答率？
A4：一要掌握阅读理解七选五命题规律和选项特征，二要不断扩大词汇量，尤其是3500高考高频词汇，
三要广泛进行阅读实践和专项训练，积累推理判断经验，掌握整体阅读这一要旨，摸索出一套行之有效
的个性化做题模式，四要重视纠错，探寻错误原因，防止出现类似错误。
二、阅读理解七选五高考考情
阅读七选五考查考生对文章内容、结构及上下文逻辑的理解和把握。在一段约300词的短文中留出5
个空白，要求考生从所给的7个选项中选出最佳选项，使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
1.选文以说明文为主，记叙文、议论文为辅。题型以段中句为主，段首句和段尾句为辅。
2.话题与当代社会生活紧密相关、人文气息浓厚，引导学生关爱自我、关爱社会、热爱生活。年份 卷别 体裁 类别 主题 段首 段中 段尾 选项特指 字数
新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 使用英语词典的心得 1 4 0 完整句 273+61
2024
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 如何避免过度性旅游 1 3 1 完整句 259+52
新课标I卷 说明文 人与自我 学会自我原谅的办法 0 4 1 完整句 247+82
2023
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 开启艺术之旅的建议 1 3 1 完整句 261+63
新课标I卷 说明文 人与社会 如何找到健身伙伴 0 4 1 完整句 257+76
2022
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 写文章好修改技巧 1 4 0 完整句 237+74
新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 巴黎一周生活经历 1 4 0 完整句 270+83
2021
新课标II卷 说明文 人与社会 提高阅读速度建议 1 2 2 完整句 250+75
2020 新课标I卷 记叙文 人与社会 公开演讲的一些原则 1 3 1 完整句 235+73
三、阅读理解七选五思维导图
四、阅读理解七选五考法点拨
考法一：段首小标题句
【调研01】(2023新课标II卷第39题)Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
…
●Choose mindfully. …
●Get creative. …
● 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination
special in the first place. 40 You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【调研02】(2023全国甲卷第39题)
Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person
…
●Practice gratitude (感激)
…
● Make yourself wait
…
● 39 .
So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate, and when we
experience something outside of our comfort zone, we get impatient about the circumstances. You should learn to
say to yourself, “ 40( This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable ) .” You’ll then gradually become more patient.
A. Find your causes
B. Start with small tasks
C. Accept the uncomfortable
D. All this adds up to a state of hurry
E. It can also help us practice more patienceF. This is merely uncomfortable, not intolerable
G. They’re all situations where we could use a little extra patience
【调研03】 (2022•全国乙卷39题)
Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain (保持) long-
distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
..
·More isn’t always merrier
…
·Practise empathy (共情)
…
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary
that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
…
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
考法二：段首主题句/过渡句
高考七选五段首句题占0-1题，根据特定语境，可能是段落主题句，也可能是小标题句和段落之间过
渡句。学会先观察其余标题句特点做到心中有数，然后借助于标题句和空后内容进行提炼加工。【调研04】(2024·新课标I卷第38题)
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect,
professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. No
editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust
my laptop’s spellchecker. 37It takes no account of the context. …
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago
in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. …
…
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.【调研05】(2022·全国乙第38题和40题)
·Practise empathy (共情)
38 .The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the
friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may
feel abandoned.
· 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might
make day-to-day communication possible，extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary
that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
·Don’t rely on technology alone
40 , but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try
to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
【调研06】(2021新课标I卷第39题)
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the comer to the food market to pick up some
groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I
agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
考法三：段中瞻前顾后型
段中设空即主题句的展开句。尤其注意分析空格前后的逻辑关系及内容的连贯性，注意各句间的衔
接手段。其特点主要是以转折手法引出主题句，或者是用来承上启下的过渡句，也可能是补充前文的具
体事实、事例和说明。解此类试题时首先应确定所缺的句子是过渡句还是细节句，对于这两类句子，我们将采用不同的方
法来解题。
【调研07】(2024新课标II卷第38题)
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try
a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【调研08】(2023新课标I卷第37题)
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” 37 Are you caring?Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of
your personality that you’re proud of.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【调研09】(2022新课标I卷第36题)
Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner”. One reason
was：“You’ll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym,” while another read：“
36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙) competition.
A. Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B. A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C. You’ll work harder if you train with someone else.
D. Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport?
E. How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice?
F. Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G. Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
考法四 段尾设空题【调研10】(2024新课标II卷第37题)
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. 37
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【调研11】(2024新课标II卷第37题)
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things
you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the
ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. 38
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C. They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【调研12】(2023全国I卷第37题)●Recognize all of your strengths. Write them down in a journal. Begin to train your brain to look at strength
before weakness. List all of your accomplishments and achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and
you got out of bed today. 39
A. Feeling upset again?
C. Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D. Remember, you are only human.
【解析】39. C。本题设空在段尾，首先看前文。根据上文 List all of your accomplishments and
achievements. You have a job, earned your degree, and you got out of bed today.(列出你所有的成就。你有
了一份工作，拿到了学位。)可知，这些小事都是你取得的成就，都值得庆祝。C项意思，没有什么事是
太小而不值得庆祝的，对上文的总结概括，符合文意。
考法五 残缺主句或从句型
【调研13】(2023全国乙卷第36题)
Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much, but in many ways they are the
unsung heroes of the home. 36 , but studies have shown that they can promote people’s wellbeing
by improving their mood (心情), reducing stress and helping their memory. What’s more, indoor plants are
easy to look after and are not very expensive.
【调研13】(2021全国乙卷第36题)
According to Jessica Hagy, author of How to Be Interesting, it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a
dinner party.
_ 36 , if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.
So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous, trying different foods and talking to strangers.
A. How do you know the host
B. The first step is to go exploringC. If you ask the question “How did you get here?”
D. Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers
E. Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say
F. What about that person who had too much to drink or won’t stop talking
G. He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most
【调研13】(2015全国II卷第38题)
During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. 38 , it is wise to
take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 39 With each day,
increase the distance by a half mile. After two weeks, start timing yourself. 40Now you are ready to figure out a
goal of improving distance and time. Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable
for the remaining weeks before the race.
A. After six days
B. For a good marathon runner
C. Before you begin your training
D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile
E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them
F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training
G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time
五、阅读理解七选五真题演练
【真题演练01】(2024新课标II卷)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最
佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Not all great writers are great spellers. If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect,
professionally presented manuscript (原稿). 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not
take the trouble to spell words correctly.
I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典). I don’t trust
my laptop’s spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and
thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my
fingers. I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words
whose meanings are similar, but not identical. It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years agoin a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it’s not exactly short. It contains around
163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the
origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.
For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary
of the English Language published in 1755. “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work,” wrote Johnson,
illustrating one definition of “dull”. 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can
be a rewarding experience.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
【真题演练02】(2024新课标I卷)阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选
项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help?
Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and
communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. ___36___
Certainly not. The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today’s world. Here are some tips on
making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience.
●Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they’re special. With so many online
posts featuring the same places, it’s easy to feel like you’re missing out. Go somewhere only when the landscape,
culture or food deeply draws you. ___37___
●Get creative. The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else. Though
overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world, it’s actually concentrated to a small number of
extremely popular spots. That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from. ___38___ Why not try
a regional alternative or check out a popular destination’s lesser-known sights?
● ___39___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour. You’ll
compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy
when tourism is traditionally slower.
Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destinationspecial in the first place. ___40___ You may be amazed how much closer you’ll feel to the people there.
A. Visit during off-peak times.
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
【真题演练03】(2024全国甲卷)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should
feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you
love.
Take your time. It's important to slow down and think about food as something nutritious rather than just
something to eat in between meetings. 37 It actually takes a few minutes for your brain to tell your body
that it has had enough food, so eat slowly and stop eating before you feel full.
Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, “specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to
mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation
if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 38
Control emotional (情绪的) eating. 39 Many of us also turn to food to deal with unpleasant emotions
such as sadness, loneliness, or boredom. But by learning healthier ways to manage emotions, you can regain
control over the food you eat and your feelings.
40 A healthy breakfast can start your metabolism (新陈代谢), while eating small, healthy meals
keeps your energy up all day. Avoid eating late at night. Try to eat dinner earlier and fast for 14 — 16 hours until
breakfast the next morning. Studies suggest that eating only when you're most active and giving your digestive
system a long break each day may help to regulate weight.
A. Eat properly throughout the day.
B. We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger.
C. Don't swallow a meal on the way to work.
D. Most of us need to double the amount we eat.
E. Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices.
F. For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now.G. That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan.
【真题演练04】(2024北京卷)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选
项中有两项为多余选项。
If you want to develop maximum credibility (可信性), is it better to be a hedgehog (刺猬) or a fox?
According to Isaiah Berlin, the hedgehog knows one thing very well, and the fox knows a lot of things.
Is there a clear advantage of one style over the other? Hedgehog thinkers tend to answer yes. ___35___ And
they are usually very credible in doing so. According to Jim Hart, the “hedgehog concept” is one of the factors
that lead companies to greatness. They focus on one thing and do it really well. They figure out what they are
good at. ___36___ The hedgehog concept makes perfect sense for companies.
___37___ Philip Tate has studied the track records of those folks on the Sunday talk shows who make
predictions about what will happen. He has found that hedgehogs are not only wrong more often than foxes, but
that they are less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong when events do not match their predictions.
The advantage that. foxes have is that they are more likely to seek out new information from a broader range
of sources, and are comfortable with uncertainty and new information. ___38___ They try to include it in their
viewpoint rather than to exclude it from their thinking. They also have a clearer estimation of what they know and
don’t know.
So, which is better? The question can be answered in a foxy hedgehog style. ___39___ The choice between
being a hedgehog or a fox is a false trade-off. The most effective way to go through life is to try to be that rare
mixture known as foxy hedgehog.
A. In other words, there are clear advantages for each.
B. They are more likely to remember people’s mistakes.
C. Hence, they have the advantage of clarity and confidence.
D. But there can be a downside to concentration on one big thing.
E. However, hedgehogs remain open to others’ reactions and inputs.
F. When something is contradictory to their view, they don’t treat it as exceptional.
G. They come down squarely on one side or the other and fully support their position.
【真题演练05】(2024浙江1月卷)根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college
experience. 36 But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is
right for you? 37
We interviewed students and professors to get their advice about online courses, The most obviousadvantage of online learning is that you can study anywhere and anytime. 38 “I think a point that
many people lose sight of is how easy it can be to fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda
Bindman. Before choosing to study online, consider whether you’re a self-motivated learner and if the
material seems interesting enough to keep you going.
The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like
what you would do with in person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with
lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to
schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards.
40 A social connection is often a big part of learning. There are things you can do to ease this
problem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking online courses with a friend, so you can
motivate each other to stay on track. You can also find students on the class discussion board to organize a
study group, or schedule in-person meeting s with your professor to discuss course concepts.
A. But that doesn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Your motivation should be your main concern.
C. Do you know that online courses are also part of your education?
D. Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online.
E. The chief complain t about online courses is that they lack human interaction.
F. If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade?
G. A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses.
【真题演练06】(2023浙江1月卷) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有利项为多余选项。
With gas prices rising and airport security lines snaking longer than ever, why not book your next domestic
vacation on a train? Compared to other alternatives, it’s comfortable and relaxing. Here is some advice on how to
make a trip by rail as pleasant as possible.
Plan ahead. Most long-distance trains, especially the sleeping car accommodations, sell out very quickly.
36 But no matter when you travel, it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
Use a travel agent. Consider turning your travel plan over to a travel agent and letting him double-check all
the details, make suggestions, and then handle the actual reservations. A good one can sometimes find you
discounted tickets. 37 Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a moving train three times a
day for your meals.
Bring a blanket. When you’re riding on trains, you won’t be provided with a blanket for free, even if your
trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold.Arrive early. Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours
can be a disaster. 39 Note: The times listed on the schedules are departure times, not arrival times.
Have fun. 40 Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside
the window. To calculate your speed as you do, divide 3,600(the number of seconds in an hour)by the number of
seconds it takes you to travel one mile(the distance between two mileposts). If it takes the train 53 seconds to
travel one mile, you’re going 67.92 mph.
A. Train trips aren’t for impatient types.
B. You’ll have views from both sides of the train.
C. The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control.
D. That’s particularly true during busy summer months.
E. You might have to wait longer than 24 hours to catch the next one.
F. Chances are the cost will be a lot less than the cost of one bedroom.
G. He may also book you in a sleeping car that’s right next to the diner.
六、阅读理解七选五名校模拟（12篇）
模拟一：说明文类型
（2024·广东佛山·二模）An essential writing skill is the ability to use plain language effectively to
convey ideas clearly. Plain language involves using direct and accessible language with a straightforward
structure. To write in plain language, it is important to follow certain guidelines.
1 The only details necessary are those necessary for understanding. For example, the sign “Wait
behind the yellow line,” at a train platform includes “yellow” so travelers know where to stand.
Plain language avoids using vocabulary that requires specialized knowledge. If you work in IT, you can
comfortably use the word “latency” with your colleagues. 2 But when speaking with someone without
an IT background, you might instead use “slow” to ensure that they know what you’re talking about.
Plain language is more than word choices, though. It also involves structuring writing to prioritize clarity.
3 For example, use clear headers for each section. Mention the topic early in a sentence or paragraph. Write
directly to your reader. 4 Additionally, use the active voice whenever possible to enhance clarity.
It is important to note that not every guideline for plain writing will apply to every piece of writing. The
ultimate goal is to create contents that are accessible and easily understood. By using plain language, you
demonstrate respect for your readers’ time and intelligence. 5
A．That is because they know what it means.
B．This can be achieved in the following ways.C．Thus, it develops positive relationships with them.
D．In many cases, this means writing in the second person point of view.
E．One key aspect of plain writing is ensuring sentences are as short as possible.
F．This can be especially important for those who speak English as a second language.
G．Plain language reduces the risk of misunderstandings caused by confusing language choices.
（2024·福建泉州·二模）While most of us work hard to shine at the presentations and speeches we can
prepare for, we may find impromptu (即兴的) communication scary. Actually, you just need to learn specific
skills to communicate effectively when put on the spot. Here are a few pointers.
6 What do you want your audience to know? How do you want them to feel, and what do you
want them to do? Having a clear objective paired with an awareness of your audience will narrow your focus.
Then you can prioritize what to say and choose your exact words more wisely.
Organize Your Thoughts. When making formal presentations, most people give a logical structure that
audiences can easily follow. But few of us adequately organize thoughts in impromptu situations. 7 In
fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demonstrating connections among specific points, ideas, for
example.
Listen as well as you talk. 8 You should do the opposite: focus on listening so that you can better
understand the in-the-moment needs and interests of your conversation partners and respond more effectively.
Paraphrasing or asking open-ended follow-up questions can help confirm your understanding and provide extra
time to think about your response.
Dare to be dull. Don’t feel you need to give a standout performance. One popular saying applies here, “ 9
” Listeners are more likely to trust and approve of you when you speak like a human being rather than an actor or
a robot. Research shows that the most effective speech includes moderate use of fillers such as “um” and “uh”.
The real problem in impromptu communication isn’t an inability to communicate. 10 Fortunately,
a measure of experimentation thought, and practice of the skills can make impromptu speaking opportunities your
time to shine.
A．Identify a communication goal.
B．He knows most who speaks least.
C．Don’t let the perfect be the enemy of the good.
D．It’s being so nervous that we struggle with the talks.
E．We may assume that it’s impossible to do so on the fly.
F．A clear structure enhances comprehension and engagement.
G．Most people obsess over what to say during impromptu encounters.（2024·湖南邵阳·三模）In the journey of life, there’s an often ignored hero — labor. Yes, that’s right,
good old-fashioned hard work. Whether it’s mowing lawns, babysitting, or washing dishes, the act of laboring not
only fills pockets but also shapes characters and molds futures.
Let’s face it, we live in a world where instant satisfaction is the norm (标准). But what if we told you that
delaying that satisfaction and putting in some good, honest sweat can actually be beneficial? It’s true! 11
12 Imagine a teenager tasked with mowing lawns for a summer job. Suddenly, they’re
responsible for showing up on time, doing a thorough job, and managing their earnings. These are life skills that
no classroom lecture can match.
Moreover, labor breeds (培养) perseverance. 13 Instead of throwing in the towel, they persevere,
learning from each setback and growing stronger in the process. This perseverance becomes a cornerstone (基石)
for success in all aspects of life.
But perhaps the most profound impact of labor is its ability to foster empathy and appreciation. 14
As teenagers serve meals to the less fortunate, they gain a newfound perspective on privilege and gratitude.
Suddenly, that new smartphone doesn’t seem as important as lending a helping hand to those in need.
In conclusion, labor isn’t just about earning a paycheck but it’s also about shaping character and building a
foundation for success. So, the next time you see a teenager sweating it out on a hot summer day, remember —
15
A．Labour is significantly beneficial to health.
B．Take, for instance, volunteering at a local soup kitchen.
C．labor isn’t just about earning money and training skills.
D．First, labor gradually acquires a sense of responsibility.
E．Imagine a young adult facing rejection after rejection while job hunting.
F．they’re not just mowing lawns, they’re paving their path to a brighter future.
G．The process of laboring teaches invaluable lessons that textbooks simply can’t convey.
（2024·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·三模）How to Read Candidates’ Body Language in an Interview
Body language matters, especially in interviews. 16 Our posture, gestures, movements or facial
expressions can shape our reputations. Learning to read body language is about understanding candidates’
motives.
Reading body language during interviews can provide valuable insights into a candidate’s personality. 17
Here are some common interview body language signals that you can learn to read.
Observe extreme behaviour. A candidate’s harmless action doesn’t mean they won’t fit in well at your
company. But be careful about extreme behaviours, like a person constantly checking their phone.18 You can read people’s body language by observing changes in their movements or posture.
Imagine, for example, that a candidate suddenly starts tapping their foot. Maybe they feel the interview is taking
too long. Or perhaps they’re facing an uncomfortable question.
Connect the dots. 19 For example, people may cross their arms when they’re cold. But, when you
see a candidate crossing their arms, crossing their legs and balling their fists at the same time, prepare yourself for
an aggressive (咄咄逼人的) answer.
Candidate experience greatly depends on an interviewer’s body language. Positive body language can make
candidates relax and open up. Negative body language can spark (引发) defensive and reserved reactions. 20
A．Spot the difference.
B．Ask detailed questions.
C．It’s not what you say, it’s how you say it.
D．They don’t necessarily act the same way all the time.
E．However, understanding body language isn’t an exact science.
F．You can’t always tell what a specific gesture means on its own.
G．Be aware of mistakes to preserve a positive candidate experience.
模拟二：记叙文类型
（2024·江西上饶·模拟预测）As we walked along the street recently, my friend suddenly sighed, “How I
miss the ice-cream my grandma used to buy me after school!” 1 , which cost her 9.8 yuan, almost 10
limes higher than the “grandma ice cream”.
But it was just one of the fair-priced treats. 2 It was written by a user who claimed he “randomly
picked a plain-looking ice-cream” in a store, and was shocked when the register showed it was 68 yuan. He
bought it anyway, but said that every bite tasted more bitter than sweet. “Never pick any brand of ice-cream
you’re not familiar with,” the Weibo user wrote.
I miss the good old days too, but on second thoughts, I don’t believe that some expensive ice-cream means
the market is “corrupted”. 3 . Consumption upgrades may boost demand and expensive ice-cream exists
because some consumers like it.
Zhao Xuekuan, a senior ice-cream dealer agrees with me. His shop has probably the widest variety of ice-
creams m the market. 4 , but young customers favor fancier ones. They are quite particular about the
ingredients, expecting they provide not only good tastes, but also high protein and low calories.
5 . It’s a good thing that recently, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued a new rule
that goods must be sold with a clearly marked price tag, or the retailer will be fined up to 100, 000 yuan. Let thefair play carry on and consumers will make their own choices.
A．They don’t choose cheaper ones
B．The other day I read a post on Weibo
C．While walking, she was licking on one
D．The development of a market has its own rules
E．For the past few months, many cities went through lockdown
F．Of course, market supervisors should still monitor ice-cream pricing closely
G．He said that the bestsellers in his shop are always classic types that cost less than 5 yuan each
（2024·浙江·三模）What I learned watching dentist at work
I would like to be a dentist in the future. 6 The patient, tender dentist comforted me, a 7-year-old girl
at the time, and persuaded me to stop crying and to accept my treatment.
7 Recently, our teacher gave us the homework of experiencing a kind of job on the weekend. I chose
without hesitation to live a day as a dentist at my friend’s older brother’s workplace.
I got to Dr Tan’s clinic at 7:45 am, 15 minutes before office hours began on Saturday. Dr Tan, who has been a
dentist for five years, sat in his consulting room with a mask on his face and waited for his patients. I didn’t really
understand his diagnoses or treatments, but I could see that Dr Tan was a responsible doctor. He explained
conditions and therapies (治疗方案) to patients at length to remove their doubts. He paused operations to let
patients rest if the treatment was taking too much time. 8 Dr Tan worked for almost the whole morning
without a break. He only made a phone call to his wife to remind her to have an antenatal (产前) examination.
Yes, he will be a father in five months, but he still cannot keep his wife company at the weekend. 9 They
try to ease others’ pain anytime and anywhere, despite the cost to their own time and life.
As the last patient said goodbye to Dr Tan in the afternoon, my visit came to an end. I now feel that I
understand more about doctors. 10
A．My dream has finally come true.
B．They are the heroes I admire most.
C．Doctors are ordinary people, yet they are also angels.
D．It helps me to reduce stress, find friends and learn new skills.
E．I thought it was a dream that was almost impossible to fulfill
F．That’s all because of a dentist I came across during my childhood.
G．He also gave a doctor’s advice to his patients carefully before they went out the door.
模拟三：议论文类型
（2024·福建三明·三模）Is It OK to Be Unhappy?Many people might say that you should always be happy, but is it okay to allow yourself time when sadness
may prevail over happiness? We’ll explore how sadness offers people opportunities for self-reflection and why
people should appreciate their sorrow.
What is unhappiness?
Many words are used to express sadness: suffering, misery, sorrow, pain, and more. It often results from
other feelings like guilt, grief, anxiety, hopelessness, or anger. 1 It may differ from a person to another
but it could change how you physically feel—a stomachache, headache, or difficulty sleep disorders.
2
Lots of people are growing unhappy due to mental health issues. Here are lists of situations: having
problems with relationships, having trouble at home(eg. violence or financial issues), having trouble at school or
work, comparing self to others, losing a loved one and being self-critical.
Is it OK for a person to be unhappy?
Everyone has different emotions: some are good while others can be negative. In other words, all people
have feelings that are always changing in some way—and they happen for a reason! So is it OK to feel sadness?
3
Sadness is a natural part of life.
It is okay to be unhappy. Being sad doesn’t mean you are not coping with the situation. 4
Learning to recognize sad emotions can make you adapt better, accept more easily, and persevere when things
may be too hard at times.
Things will eventually get better.
Keep in mind your problems will not last forever and will eventually pass too! There is no right way to let
go of sadness but what is not a secret is that the first step is the acknowledgment and acceptance of the pain you
are feeling. It could be a lot but talking to someone you trust can be helpful. 5 Eat nutritious food,
exercise regularly, and get enough sleep.
A．Why are people sad?
B．Take good care of yourself.
C．The answer is a definite yes.
D．So what does it feel like to be sad?
E．How can people get rid of sadness?
F．There are also a lot of other effective solutions.
G．Rather it helps you accept your problems and move on.
（23-24高三下·湖北·阶段练习）What a comedian can teach you about managing stressWe often accept stress as part of the cost of modern life, but it really doesn’t have to be. We all know that
laughter is the best medicine. 6 People who can laugh at their own misfortunes bounce back faster and
stronger. Here is what a comedian says about coping with stress.
You can try to find a different perspective. 7 Once a friend of mine fell asleep in the middle of a
class. His teacher decided to make fun of him by inviting students to applaud, wondering whether my friend
would applaud along when he woke up. He did and the whole class burst outlaughing. After learning everything,
he was both embarrassed and ashamed of course but after a while, my friend laughed. “If this had happened to
someone else, it would have been amusing. So it’s no less funny, just because it happened to me. “
8 There’s no doubt that we all experience great stress now and then. We’ve all been personally
affected, in some way. You might not have felt like laughing at the time But now, looking back, you could
consider all of the strange aspects of the experience and all of the things you did to keep active or simply stay sane
(神志正常的) .
When you share stories with your friends, you can choose to share stories of trauma (创伤) and pain, or you
can choose to lift their spirits with stories of hope and growth. 9 Take the exact same story and change
the focus from “feel sorry for me” to “laugh with me”. Keep in mind that we’re all in this together, that we all
share the same ridiculous experiences, and that we can laugh together at whatever life throws at us. 10
A．Always share a good story.
B．Why not do what comedians do?
C．You can also look again and laugh.
D．But laughter does more than cheer you up.
E．Then you are able to make a simple choice.
F．In this way. you will say goodbye to stress forever.
G．If you have trouble seeing the funny side, you may find the following inspiring.
（2024·河北衡水·三模）Giving generously and receiving gratefully make it easier to live happily with
others. 11
Let me start with the idea of giving generously. 12 For example, my husband and I have family
members who only contact us when they need money. We usually accept their requests, but we rarely receive a
“thank you”. Most people would say that my husband and I are being used, and I suppose we are. But when we
give, we shouldn’t be giving for the purpose of getting gratitude or praise. Rather, we should be giving because it
is a good thing.
The good news is that when we lead our life being nice to others, our life runs more smoothly. 13
But if you practice being generous, most of your relationships will improve.At the same time, we should remember to receive gratefully. I truly believe that you cant say “thank you”
enough when you receive.
14 Parents can feel unappreciated by their children, and teachers can feel unappreciated by their
students. Do you think it unnecessary to thank them when receiving just because a task is part of someone’s job
description？ That’s wrong！
15 It is good for us to say “thank you” because we regularly need to remind ourselves how lucky
we are. And hearing those two words can make us feel great for days.
If you are looking for a way to improve your life, I can give you one: Give generously and receive
gratefully.
A．So often we get lazy about expressing gratitude.
B．Thus, saying “thank you” can bring us good luck.
C．If you are generous, some people will use you.
D．In return, we are to help others by giving them our time or money.
E．I think people are unwilling to be generous to others for fear of being used.
F．Yet, why do we have such difficulty achieving these things in our relationships？
G．Words of appreciation make others feel good about themselves like nothing else.
模拟四：残缺句类型
（23-24高三上·云南大理·阶段练习）
Tips for Maximizing Savings at Your Local Clearance (清仓) Food Store
Shopping for groceries can be expensive, especially in this global economic climate. If you are catering to a
large family or on a tight budget, the battle to save on groceries becomes twice as hard. 1 ? These tips
may help you.
Create a shopping list
List what you need before heading to your local clearance food store. It should help avoid unnecessary
purchases and ensure you only buy what you need.
Look for Deals
2 , so take advantage of them. Typically, these items are priced much lower than regular-priced ones, and
you can find some great deals. Check out the clearance section to find the best deals. This area is often located at
back or side of the store.
Buy in Quantity
Buying in quantity can save you more money at clearance food stores. A safer bet would be deals on buying
items in large amounts, such as canned goods, pasta, or rice. 3 .Compare Shops
Just like with regular grocery stores, you should always compare prices at different clearance food stores.
Some stores will offer better deals, so it pays to shop around. 4 .
Look for Coupons
Check for coupons that you can use at your local clearance food store. 5 . With them, you can get a
chunk off your total groceries bill, saving you more money.
In conclusion, shopping at a local clearance food store can be your savings hub if you’re armed with the right
information. So, what are you waiting for?
A．Different stores may have a wide range of goods
B．Cheap food stores often offer weekly and monthly deals
C．These items have a longer shelf life meaning longer storage
D．But how to save when you shop at your local clearance food store
E．Check for stores that are offering discounts, and settle for the best deal
F．So why not visit your local clearance food store where you can save more
G．These can be in local newspapers or magazines, or search for them online
（2024·江西上饶·模拟预测）As we walked along the street recently, my friend suddenly sighed, “How I
miss the ice-cream my grandma used to buy me after school!” 6 , which cost her 9.8 yuan, almost 10
limes higher than the “grandma ice cream”.
But it was just one of the fair-priced treats. 7 It was written by a user who claimed he “randomly
picked a plain-looking ice-cream” in a store, and was shocked when the register showed it was 68 yuan. He
bought it anyway, but said that every bite tasted more bitter than sweet. “Never pick any brand of ice-cream
you’re not familiar with,” the Weibo user wrote.
I miss the good old days too, but on second thoughts, I don’t believe that some expensive ice-cream means
the market is “corrupted”. 8 . Consumption upgrades may boost demand and expensive ice-cream exists
because some consumers like it.
Zhao Xuekuan, a senior ice-cream dealer agrees with me. His shop has probably the widest variety of ice-
creams m the market. 9 , but young customers favor fancier ones. They are quite particular about the
ingredients, expecting they provide not only good tastes, but also high protein and low calories.
10 . It’s a good thing that recently, the State Administration for Market Regulation issued a new rule
that goods must be sold with a clearly marked price tag, or the retailer will be fined up to 100, 000 yuan. Let the
fair play carry on and consumers will make their own choices.
A．They don’t choose cheaper onesB．The other day I read a post on Weibo
C．While walking, she was licking on one
D．The development of a market has its own rules
E．For the past few months, many cities went through lockdown
F．Of course, market supervisors should still monitor ice-cream pricing closely
G．He said that the bestsellers in his shop are always classic types that cost less than 5 yuan each
（2024·四川南充·三模）People often throw a party to celebrate a variety of occasions. For example,
birthdays, graduations, holidays, the end of the semester. the beginning of summer, and so on. If you have ever
thrown a party, you must be aware of the biggest problem of waste. 11 .Where does all of this rubbish go?
It will end up in the landfills. In order to change this situation, it’s important to decrease waste to the most.
12 . As a matter of fact, e-invitations are quick, easy, and more modern than traditional paper invites.
13 . If there are any people in your crowd who say it’s tacky (俗气的)to use e-cards, tell them it’s tackier to
pollute the environment by using traditional ones. That should keep them quiet.
Reuse and recycle. Reduce waste by buying party foods (with less packaging) and send guests home with
leftover shacks. Use plates you can wash and reuse, rather than hand out disposable paper plates for people’s
pizza. Make it easy for your guests to recycle. 14 , making it obvious that one is for real rubbish and the
other is for recycled goods.
Allow each person only one cup. Since everyone has the same cup, it is quite easy to mix up the cups. After
you put it down for a second, you can’t recognize which cup belongs to you. Then, you will reach for a totally
new one. As the result, after the party, you will find many cups are thrown away, causing a lot of waste. 15
.
A．Make full use of paper invitations
B．Send e-invitations instead of paper ones
C．It’s also the environmentally soundest choice
D．It’s a good idea to allow guests to take their cups away
E．Put out two rubbish cans and write something on them clearly
F．Imagine the mess left from all the parties that are held in the world
G．Try a new system of handing each guest a cup that you mark with their name
（2024·河南·模拟预测）Handling difficult co-workers in an office environment is a headache. Avoiding
them at work is sometimes not an option, so many people wonder how to deal with them, and perfect solutions
can’t come too soon. 16 .
Go to H.R.Whether you have a formal Human Resources department or just one person who supervises everyone, there
should be someone who’s in charge of employee peace-keeping. You can talk to this person. 17 .For
example, don’t say, “This person is driving me crazy!” Instead, you should say, “This person habitually asks me to
do her work while she visits chat rooms.”
Address the offending party directly.
If your co-workers do something that you object to, speak up. Politely but firmly say that you don’t want to
do their extra work, or tell them whatever else is on your mind. 18 , but you may if you keep trying. And
you’ll also get the benefit of speaking your mind.
Let it roll off your back.
19 , you may choose to get better at ignoring them. This may seem difficult at first, but there’s
something more serious for choosing your battles. If you are dealing with someone who tells your secrets around
the office, stop sharing them. If you’re dealing with someone who has offensive manners, stay at a comfortable
distance.
20 .
If you’ve tried the tips above but they don’t work, you may consider changing jobs. It’s sad if things have to
come to this, but you wouldn’t have to seek a job if you didn’t have a difficult co-worker prompting you to make a
change. Maybe, there are potential positives in your new position. The trick is to find them.
A．Look for a new job
B．Try to seek jobs in a creative way
C．If your co-workers realize their problems
D．You may not get a positive response at first
E．If the co-workers don’t affect you too much
F．If you do, be specific about what is upsetting you
G．Fortunately, there are some basic ways that can work
