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考点 30 阅读理解词义猜测题（重难题型）
历年来高考试题中的生词量有增无减。《教学大纲》要求学生“读懂生词率不超过 3%的传记、故事、
记叙文、科普小品文和有关社会文史知识等不同题材的材料。”在英语阅读训练和测试中的生词障碍往往
会成为学生理解的“绊脚石”，这些“绊脚石”的出现大致分五类：1．旧词新义，考查词汇表中未出现
的词义；如：Nearby is the Indianapolis race course, where the nation’s most famous car race is held each year on
May 30th.我们学过 course的意思是“过程，课程”等，在此显然不符句意。根据上下文 course是汽车赛举
行的地方，可推断 course 在该句是“车道”或“跑道”的意思。2．合成词、转化词与派生词，如
shoplifting，heartbroken，computer-literate，decision-thinking，imperfect等；3．“灵活”的常用词增多，
这些词必须根据具体的上下文语境才能正确理解；4．“新鲜”的外国人名、地名、专有名称增多，这些
词有些带有一定的文化背景5．超纲生词。
有的学生在阅读训练和测试中存在着“生词恐惧心理”，一遇到生词就有读不下去的感觉。那么阅读
理解时遇到大量生词该怎么办? 查词典当然是排除词义障碍的一种方法，当然这只有在平常的阅读训练中
才可以使用。但是，频繁的查阅词典既影响阅读速度，又容易破坏学生阅读的思路和兴趣。况且，一词多
义是英语词汇的主要特点，词典不一定能为学生提供单词在特定的上下文中的具体或确切的含义。平时的
练习中遇到生词不要马上查词典，可以通过一定的方法来猜测理解。猜测词义不仅是一项阅读技巧，也是
高考阅读能力考查的一个方面，每年在高考阅读中都有猜测词义的试题。掌握正确方法快速而又准确地猜
测出生词的含义，对提高阅读速度和答题效率相当重要。
该类题常见的考查形式有：
1. The phrase “…”in the sentence could be replaced by ____.
2. The word “…” in the paragraph refers to ____.
3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the paragraph? / What does the unlined word mean?
4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase “…”?
5. The word “…” most nearly means ____.
对此类试题，考生应该进行大胆猜测，但这种猜测不是胡乱的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。下面介绍几种常见的猜测词义的方法供同学们加以运用。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：
unforeseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fore, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fore是“先，前，
预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unforeseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
（2021·云南昆明·三模）Bangladesh's floating gardens, built to grow food during flood seasons, could offer
a continuous solution for parts of the world which are likely to suffer from flooding because of climate change, a
new study has found.
Bangladesh's floating gardens began hundreds of years ago. The gardens are made from native plants that float
in the rivers and operate almost like rafts (筏), rising and filling with the waters. Historically, they were used to
continue growing food during rainy seasons when rivers were filled with water.
The farmers layer the plants about three feet deep, creating a version of raised-bed gardens that float in the
water. Then, they plant vegetables inside those rafts. As the raft-plants rot away, they release nutrients, which help
feed the vegetable plants.
But as climate change affected the volume of water in those rivers, the researchers wanted to understand
whether Bangladesh's floating gardens could be a continuous farming practice. They interviewed farming families
and found strong evidence that floating gardens provide stability, both in the amount of food available to feed rural
populations and in a farming family's income.
They found that farmers typically use hybrid (杂交) seeds, which must be repurchased each year, to grow a
diverse range of vegetables in the floating gardens. The gardens are also sensitive to pests, so farmers end up
spending some money on both pesticides and fertilizers. But even with those expenses, they found, benefits
outweighed costs. One farmer told the research team that he earns up to four times as much money from the
gardens as from traditional rice fields.
However, before gaining profits, farmers often take out high-interest loans (贷款) to cover the investment
costs of filling the beds and stocking them with plants. Luckily; there are also lower-interest loans from responsible
government or non-governmental organizations, which could ease that burden.
3．What does the underlined word “outweighed” in paragraph 5 mean?A．Affected. B．Brought. C．Beat. D．Equaled.
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生
词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或or，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或
or连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它
的大致词义。
【2022全国乙卷C篇】
Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time,
help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in
the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施)
worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing
to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks
and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time
performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is
calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including
sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work
that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting
faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail
don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They
will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with
advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see
ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.
29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?
A. Personnel safety. B. Assistance from drones.C. Inspection and repair. D. Construction of infrastructure.
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系
可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词hot and cold, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、
后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【2020年全国统一高考英语试卷（新课标Ⅱ），B】
When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably
didn’t cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion (时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for
fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).
Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different
styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast
wetlands every year”, says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.
Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the
fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.
Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t
handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment. It’s them or us.” says Michael Massimi, an
expert in this field.
The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the
cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.
Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says it’s not easy to convince people
that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year, so part
of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.
Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashion. Model Paige Morgan says，”To give people a guilt-free option
that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them-1 think that’s going to be a massive thing, at least here
in New York.” Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using
nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. She trying to come up with a lable to attach to nutria fashions to
show it is eco-friendly.30．What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Boomed. B．Became mature. C．Remained stable. D．Crashed.
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上
下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年
来高考考查的热点。
【2022年1月浙江卷 A篇】
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was
born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she
had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One
day,while driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sister
in Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth
to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust . It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with
transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father,she says.He moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old,because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast,away from her parents,where she enjoyed a
life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax.She doesn't work in
summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning.As autumn comes,she
gets restless the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone,though.Merebeth says,"When I'm
on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help
animals."
22.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ?A.make money. B.try various jobs.
C.be close to nature. D.travel to different places.
【2022年新高考2卷B篇】
We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t
even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2-year-old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.
I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures — a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he
reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that? He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the
page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid?
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the
boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He
thought my storybook was like that.
Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high-tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your
grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce
audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new-media experience, however: I’ve spent little time in front of a camera,
since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal
story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star — two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I
will make sure my 2-year-old grandson sees it on his tablet.
4. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2?
A. Provided shelter for me. B. Became very clear to me.
C. Took the pressure off me. D. Worked quite well on me.5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。
释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并
加以解释说明的方式。
【2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）（第一次），C】
Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet. While cars and trains are moving
towards greener, electric power, emissions from air travel are expected to increase massively by 2050. If we want
big green sky solutions, we need blue sky thinking Fortunately, there's plenty of that happening right now,
particularly the short-haul flights powered by batteries.
Harbour Air is the largest seaplane airline in North America, flying 30, 000 commercial flights in 40 seaplanes each
year. Significantly, all Harbour Air routes last less than 30 minutes, making it perfectly fit for electric engines. “As
an airline, we're currently in the process of turning all our planes into electric airplanes. says CEO Greg Mc
Dougall. To make this happen, the airline has partnered up with MagniX to create the worlds first commercial flight
with an electric engine.
Making the skies electric isn't just good for the environment, it also makes sound financial sense: a small aircraft
uses $400 on conventional fuel for a 100-mile flight, while an electric one costs $8-12 for the same distance, and
that's before you factor in the higher maintenance costs of a traditional engine. There's also the added bonus that
electric planes are just much more pleasant to fly in. No loud engine noise, no smell of fuel, just environmentally
friendly peace and quiet.
While there has been real progress in the e-plane industry, the technical challenges that remain are keeping
everyone's feet firmly on the ground. A battery, even a lithium one, only provides 250 watt-hours per kilogram;
compare this to liquid fuel, which has a specific energy of 11, 890 watt-hours per kilogram. Carrying adequate
batteries, however, would make the plane too heavy to get off the ground. In aircraft, where every bit of weight
counts, this can't just be ignored.
The transition （过渡） from gas to electric in the automobile industry has been made easier by hybrids-vehicles
powered by both fuel and electricity. Many believe the same pattern could be followed in the air. Fuel consumption
could be reduced as the electric component is switched on at key parts of the journey, especially on take-off andlanding.
It's certainly an exciting time for electric flying. With companies like Harbour Air taking the lead, battery-powered
planes, especially on short-haul journeys, are set to become a reality in the next few years.
47．The expression "added bonus" refers to the fact that electric planes___________.
A．give passengers more pleasant views
B．bring airlines more financial benefits
C．offer more enjoyable flying experiences
D．cost less in maintenance than traditional ones
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：though,
although, still, but, yet, instead, instead of, however, while, on the contrary, on the other hand, unlike, rather than,
for one thing, for another等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【2020年山东省高考英语试卷（新高考全国Ⅰ卷），D】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our
eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid
eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to
avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95
undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie
viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more
food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she
took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more
candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
13．What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Big eaters. B．Overweight persons.
C．Picky eaters. D．Tall thin persons.
7．利用经验和常识猜词
…“I was on the way to a personal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I got onto Highway 40, blue lights
and sirens(警笛) going, I fell in behind a gold Pontiac Firebird that suddenly seemed to take off quickly down the
highway. The driver somehow panicked at the sight of me. He was going more than a hundred miles an hour and
began passing cars on the shoulder.”
63. The meaning of “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related to ___________ .
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
Passage 1
（2021·安徽合肥·三模）In the magnificent range of mountains of northern California, 42 radio telescopes
point towards the stars, scanning for signs of life. The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence （SETI） Institute
has been listening for a signal here since it was founded in 1984. Jill Tarter, its co — founder, says the programmed
aim is not just to communicate with remote civilisations. It is also to remind human beings of its own modest,
fragile （脆弱的）place in the universe. Thus, for the first time, SETI is cocking its ear towards Earth to look for
a signal that can be sent into space to represent the species.
Felipe Perez Santiago, a Mexican musician and composer, has an idea of what might work.Since songs, like
the human voices, are common to all languages and nations, he and Ms. Tarter have designed the “Earthling
Project”-a call to people everywhere to upload extracts （精华）of song that he plans to melt into a collectivehuman chorus. An initial composition will be launched into space this summer, recorded on a virtually
indestructible disk. Future plans and dreams include an eventual landing on Mars.
Human music has been sent to the heavens in 1977. Distant beings can in theory already enjoy Peruvian
panpipes, a Navajo chant, Bach, Beethoven and more. But no previous offering, and perhaps no composition
undertaken anywhere, has tried to encompass the entire diversity of human song.
Mr. Santiago says he is thrilled about bringing together contributors from around the globe. Unlike other
recordings sent into space, says Mr. Santiago, “Everyone's invited. You don't have to be one of the main composers
of our history like Beethoven, just someone singing in their shower.” Download the “Earthling Project" app, sing
up to three songs of 30 seconds each, and your voice will be sent into the sky.
1．Why does SETI look for a signal to be sent into space?
A．To stand for species on the earth.
B．To scan for other liveable planets.
C．To respond to the call of the universe.
D．To stress the importance of the earth.
2．What can we infer about the "Earthling Project”?
A．It is a world music organization.
B．It intends to create a human chorus.
C．It tries to develop a universal language.
D．It aims to search for signals from space.
3．What does the underlined word “encompass" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Include. B．Appreciate.
C．Work out. D．Relate to.
4．What is the purpose of the last paragraph?
A．To inspire people to become composers.
B．To call on people to protect our planet.
C．To encourage people to explore space.
D．To invite people to join a programme.
Passage 2
（2021·江苏盐城·三模）During the COVID-19 pandemic, Julia began her second year as a first grade
teacher in an online classroom. One September afternoon, she received a call from and Cynthia, who was having
technical difficulties with her granddaughter's tools for online learning.Julia immediately knew something was wrong with Cynthia. The two women had spoken many times before,
but Julia had never heard she sounded like this. Her words were so jumbled that Julia could barely understand her.
Julia called her headmaster, Charlie, who convinced her that he would call and check on Cynthia himself.
Just like Julia, Charlie could barely understand Cynthia. He suspected she might be having a stroke (中风) —
he recognized the signs from when his own father had suffered one. Charlie immediately became concerned that
Cynthia's two grandchildren, ages six and eight, were probably home alone with her and scared. Charlie asked his
office manager to send an ambulance to the grandmother's home.
The quick response from Julia and Charlie saved Cynthia's life. She arrived at the hospital in time to get
treatment before long-term damage occurred. Thanks to an extended stay in the hospital, she has regained most of
the movement throughout her body except for one hand and a region of her mouth.
“I'm proud of the people I work with, that they responded so quickly and that it did make a difference to
Cynthia,” says Julia. “I am so pleased to be part of such a caring community.” But the school's crisis response is
only one piece of the community's extraordinary efforts to help Cynthia and her granddaughters. Another family
with young children took in the two girls.
Virtual learning has been a challenge across the country, but it's fair to say that it has helped the community
grow closer. Many teachers there gave their personal phone numbers to students and families in case they needed
extra help. In this case, the exchange was literally life-altering.
5．Cynthia called Julia in order to .
A．complain about the poor contents of online learning
B．consult about her granddaughter's academic performance
C．seek some help for lack of certain technical knowledge
D．volunteer her services as a teacher in an online classroom
6．The underlined word “jumbled” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A．brief
B．unclear
C．gentle
D．impolite
7．How did Charlie decide that Cynthia might have suffered a stroke?
A．By recalling his own previous sufferings from the disease.
B．By using his professional knowledge to form the judgment.C．By combining Julia's call with the granddaughters' description.
D．By identifying the symptoms that a stroke patient may have.
8．What does the author think of virtual leaning?
A．It has caused much inconvenience to parents.
B．It will bring about unavoidable leak of privacy.
C．It has provided more benefits than challenges.
D．It needs technical guidance to be highly effective.
Passage 3
（2021·福建南平·二模）My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three
whole days, I worked on an assembly (装配) line. My best friend Betsy’s father was an executive (管理者) at
Hough Bakeries, which, at special festivals, made little rabbit-shaped cakes for all its stores. The plant downtown
needed eight kids for temporary help, and the shift (轮班) fell over spring break, during which I had no plans.
Cake? I loved cake-icing especially. I’d earn minimum wage. I’d see how a factory worked. My parents thought all
of this was a grand idea for a girl like me and called Betsy’s dad with their permission.
Our roles on the line were simple: Place cakes on conveyor belt. Attach icing ears. Apply icing eyes and nose.
Remove the cakes from belt; place onto trays. This was harder than it sounds. With your mind wandering, the cakes
pile up. As I told my parents that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d expected. Dad smiled.
This was the sort of work that made you appreciate the money you earned, he told me. And if your feet hurt or the
minutes felt like hours, well then that was just motivation to keep those grades up and get that college education.
And the icing? We kids were allowed to eat as much as we wanted. By noon the first day, I could barely look
at the stuff. To borrow a favorite phrase from my father: The executives weren’t born yesterday.
9．Why did the writer decide to take the job?
A．To earn lots of money.
B．To enjoy her spring break.
C．To help Betsy’s father temporarily.
D．To learn of the operation of the plant.
10．What can we learn from paragraph 2?
A．The writer found the job simple.
B．The job needed great concentration.
C．The writer quit the job the first night.
D．Father laughed at the writer’s performance.11．How did Dad respond to the writer’s first-day experience?
A．Inspiring. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Sympathetic.
12．What does the writer mean by saying “I could barely look at the stuff”?
A．She found the icing ugly. B．She was tired from the work.
C．She had eaten too much icing. D．She felt depressed with the job.
Passage 4
（2021·辽宁·模拟预测）Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday? Surely, they are all
about finding the best deals on holiday gifts for yourself and family members. And have you heard about
GivingTuesday? Here is something about it!
GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help
those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community. The “Global Day of Giving”
was started in 2012 by New York City nonprofit 92nd Street Y and the United Nations Foundation.
Unlike Black Friday, GivingTuesday serves a more altruistic purpose. In its first year, the movement brought
in almost $10 million for charities, and things have only improved since. In 2019, many GivingTuesday social
media campaigns worldwide helped raise an amazing $ 1.9 billion from 27 million donors! Over the past five years,
many higher education institutions have also been using the Tuesday after Thanksgiving to ask alumni for
donations. In 2019, the University of Michigan, which calls it Blueday, received 5887 gifts totaling over $4 million,
while Pennsylvania State University raised $710 000 to benefit over 85 University programs.
Though donating money certainly helps, there are many other ways to support the great cause, especially
during the COVID-19 pandemic. You can video tutor kids struggling with online learning, or team up with an adult
to get groceries or medications for an elderly neighbor. Alternatively, call on your peers to help you with a service
project that addresses an issue close to your heart, or pick one from the several ideas suggested on the
GivingTuesday website. You can also donate your gently-used clothes and toys to local shelters, or mail a
handwritten note to a grandparent or a friend you miss seeing.
What are you going to do to make a positive difference in your community on GivingTuesday? Let us know
by adding your comments below!
13．Why does the author mention Black Friday and Cyber Monday in Paragraph 1?
A．To make a comparison. B．To lead to the topic.
C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To express his doubt.
14．What’s the aim of GivingTuesday?A．To promote the development of economy. B．To attract people to buy more holiday gifts.
C．To call on more universities to donate money.D．To encourage people to help those in need.
15．What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Selfless. B．General. C．Specific. D．Complex.
16．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．Where people can offer their kind help. B．What people can do on GivingTuesday.
C．How people can stay safe during COVID-19.D．Why people need to support the great cause.
Passage 5
（2021·江西赣州·三模）In previous recessions (经济衰退), billionaires were hit along with the rest of us; it
took almost three years for Forbes’s 400 richest people to recover from losses caused in 2008’s Great Recession.
But in the coronavirus recession of 2020, most billionaires have gotten richer than ever before.
Billionaires increased their new billions just as millions of other Americans ran into terrible financial
problems. More than 20 million people lost their jobs at the start of the pandemic. Food banks across the country
are preparing for another great increase in demand. Why are American billionaires doing so well while so many
other Americans suffer? People may find part of the reasons from the following fact. Stocks (股票) are
overwhelmingly owned by the wealthy, and the stock market has recovered from its early-pandemic depths much
more quickly than other parts of the economy.
But some billionaires are also benefiting from economic and technological trends that were accelerated by the
pandemic. Among these are the owners and investors of retail giants like Amazon, Walmart, Target, Dollar Tree and
Dollar General, which have reported huge profits this year while many of their smaller competitors were defeated
completely as the coronavirus spread.
Then there are companies that have bet on the rapid digitization of everything Eric Yuan, the chief executive of
Zoom, became a billionaire in 2019. Now he is worth almost $20 billion. Dan Gilbert, the chairman of Quicken
Loans, was worth less than $7 billion in March, now he commands more than $43 billion. But there is a great deal
of stratification (层化) even among billionaires—richer billionaires got even richer in 2020 than the poorer ones
did. Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s funder, was worth about $113 billion at the start of the pandemic. Now he is worth $182
billion. Two years ago, Bezos was the only “centibillionaire” on earth—the trendy neologism (a new word) for
people whose wealth exceeds (超过) ￥100 billion.
17．What does the author mainly tell us in the passage?
A．Food banks are not enough in the United States.B．The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.
C．The stock market recovered before the pandemic started.
D．400 richest people recovered from losses in the pandemic.
18．What is “part of the reasons” that is implied in Paragraph 2?
A．The American inequality.
B．The recovery of stock market.
C．The effect of the pandemic.
D．The food shortage across the country.
19．What is one of the changes during the pandemic?
A．The decline of digital games.
B．More money lent to people by banks.
C．The trend of technology acceleration.
D．High profit earned by smaller companies.
20．Why does the author refer to “centibillionaire” as a “neologism”?
A．It is a new title in the stock market after the recession.
B．It is a new way of solution to poverty through the world.
C．It is a newly established company during the pandemic.
D．It is a new term for people whose wealth exceeds $100 billion.
Passage 6
（2022·安徽·合肥市第八中学模拟预测）We are a culture drowning in our possessions. We take in more
and more ( holiday, birthdays, sales, needs ),but rarely find an opportunity to get rid of it. As a result, our homes fill
up with so much stuff. And because we believe the best solution is to find organizational tools to manage all of it,
we seek out bigger containers or more efficient organizational tips and tricks. But simply organizing our stuff must
be repeated over and over.
At its heart, organizing is simply rearranging. And though we may find storage solutions today, we are quickly
forced to find new ones as early as tomorrow. Additionally, organizing has some other major shortcomings that are
rarely considered. For example, it doesn’t benefit anyone else. The possessions we rarely use sit on shelves in our
basements or garages, even while some of our closest friends desperately need them.
On the other hand, the act of getting rid of stuff from our home accomplishes many purposes. It is not a
temporary solution. It is an action of permanence — once an item has been removed, it is removed completely.
Whether we re-sell our possessions, donate them to charity, or give them to a friend, they are immediately put touse by those who need them.
Removing possessions begins to turn back our desire for more as we find freedom and happiness in owning
less. And removing ourselves from the all-consuming desire to own more creates opportunities for significant life
changes to take place.
If you’re struggling with how to get rid of stuff, you can first challenge yourself to remove the unneeded
things in your home, carry a trash bag from room-to-room, see how big of a donation pile you can make, and even
eliminate debt by selling what you no longer need.
It doesn’t matter how you remove them, for it is far better to remove than to always organize.
21．What is the problem with simply organizing stuff?
A．Few tools and tricks are available. B．It needs to be repeated very often.
C．People cannot save money by organizing. D．Desire to buy more disappears by organizing.
22．How can we remove unnecessary possessions?
A．By reselling them to others. B．By keeping them in trash bags.
C．By storing them in the garage. D．By piling them on the shelves.
23．What does the underlined word “eliminate” mean in Paragraph 5?
A．get rid of B．get over C．add to D．take charge of
24．What is the purpose of the passage?
A．To explain the advantages and disadvantages of organizing things.
B．To inform readers of the ways to get rid of unnecessary possessions.
C．To call for people to remove stuff instead of just organizing.
D．To appeal to people to make donations to people in need.
1.【2022年全国甲卷C篇】
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins (企鹅)
longing to say hello. These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni
would never forget.
Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel. Throughout her career (职业) as a
professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing andher sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually
getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile. And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute
cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South
American mainland. “I just decided I wanted to go,” she says. “I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t
nervous, I just wanted to do it. And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before, to begin the journey towards
Antarctica. “From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing. Antarctica left an
impression on me that no other place has,” Ginni says. “I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just
rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us. You could still hear the
operatic sounds it was making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit
home to Ginni.
28. Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?
A. Try challenging things. B. Take a degree.
C. Bring back lost memories. D. Stick to a promise.
29. What made Ginni decide on the trip to Antarctica?
A. Lovely penguins. B. Beautiful scenery.
C. A discount fare. D. A friend’s invitation.
30. What does Ginni think about Antarctica after the journey?
A. It could be a home for her. B. It should be easily accessible.
C. It should be well preserved. D. It needs to be fully introduced.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. A childhood dream. B. An unforgettable experience.
C. Sailing around the world. D. Meeting animals in Antarctica.
2.【2022年1月浙江卷 A篇】
For nearly a decade now,Merebeth has been a self-employed pet transport specialist. Her pet transport job was
born of the financial crisis（危机）in the late 2000s．The downturn hit the real estate（房地产）firm where she
had worked for ten years as an office manager.The firm went broke and left her looking for a new job.One
day,while driving near her home,she saw a dog wandering on the road, clearly lost. She took it home,and her sisterin Denver agreed to take it. This was a loving home for sure,but 1,600 miles away.It didn’t take long for Merebeth
to decide to drive the dog there herself. It was her first road trip to her new job.
Merebeth's pet delivery service satisfies her wanderlust . It has taken her to every state in the US except
Montana,Washington and Oregon,she says proudly.If she wants to visit a new place, she will simply find a pet with
transport needs there.She travels in all weathers.She has driven through 55 mph winds in Wyoming , heavy
flooding and storms in Alabama and total whiteout conditions in Kansas.
This wanderlust is inherited from her father,she says.He moved their family from Canada to California when
she was one year old,because he wanted them to explore a new place together. As soon as she graduated from high
school she left home to live on Catalina Island off the Californian coast,away from her parents,where she enjoyed a
life of sailing and off-road biking.
It turns out that pet transporting pays quite well at about $30,000 per year before tax.She doesn't work in
summer, as it would be unpleasantly hot for the animals in the car, even with air conditioning.As autumn comes,she
gets restless the same old wanderlust returning. It's a call she must handle alone,though.Merebeth says,"When I'm
on the road, I'm just in my own world. I've always been independent-spirited and I just feel strongly that I must help
animals."
21.Why did Merebeth change her job?
A.She wanted to work near her home.
B.She was tired of working in the office.
C.Her sister asked her to move to Denver.
D.Her former employer was out of business.
22.The word “wanderlust" in paragraph 2 means a desire to ?
A.make money. B.try various jobs.
C.be close to nature. D.travel to different places.
23.What can we learn about Merebeth in her new job?
A.She has chances to see rare animals.
B.She works hard throughout the year.
C.She relies on herself the whole time.
D.She earns a basic and tax-free salary.
3.【2020·山东卷，D】
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits
of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you shouldavoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need
to avoid.
To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first,
95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about
movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the
researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore
a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking
more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.
For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case,
she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly
more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow
participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the
influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his
eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly about?
A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership.
C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior.
13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to?
A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons.
C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A. To see how she would affect the participants.
B. To test if the participants could recognize her.
C. To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D. To study why she could keep her weight down.
15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be.
C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food.
