文档内容
第 3 讲 题型突破——主旨大意题
思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征，而主旨大意题较好地反映了学生的思维品
质。主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过阅读文章正确获取文章主旨，推断文章的主题、标题、段
落大意、中心思想的能力，即考查考生归纳概括以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。它既
考查阅读理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力。此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、
文章大意题和段落大意题。
选项特征
技法一 标题归纳题
——“高度概括”定标题
记叙文、说明文和议论文三种文体涉及不同话题的阅读材料都会考查到标题归纳题。
设问方式
1．What is the best title for the text?
2．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
3．What can be a suitable title for the text?
4．Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?
5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?
此类试题的解题流程如下：(2022·浙江1月·C)
The benefits of regular exercise are well documented but there’s a new bonus to add to the
ever-growing list.New research found that middle-aged women who were physically fit could be
nearly 90 percent less likely to develop dementia(痴呆症) in later life—and if they did，it came on
a decade later than less sporty women.
Lead researcher Dr Helena Hörder ， of the University of Gothenburg in Sweden ，
said ： “ These findings are exciting because it’ s possible that improving people’ s
cardiovascular(心血管的) fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing
dementia.”
For the study，191 women with an average age of 50 took a bicycle exercise test until they
were tired out to measure their peak(最大值的) cardiovascular capacity.The average peak workload
was measured at 103 watts.
A total of 40 women met the criteria for a high fitness level with a capacity of 120 watts or
higher，while 92 women were in the medium fitness category.A total of 59 were of low fitness
level，with a peak workload of 80 watts or less，or having their tests stopped because of health
problems.
These women were then tested for dementia six times over the following four decades.During
that time，44 of the women developed dementia.Five percent of the highly fit women developed
dementia，compared to 25 percent of the women with medium fitness and 32 percent of the
women with low fitness.
“However，this study does not show cause and effect between cardiovascular fitness and
dementia，it only shows an association，” said Hörder.“More research is needed to see if
improved fitness could have a positive effect on the risk of dementia and also to look at whenduring a lifetime a high fitness level is most important.” She also admitted that a relatively small
number of women were studied，all of whom were from Sweden，so the results might not be
applicable to other groups.
30．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．More Women Are Exercising to Prevent Dementia
B．Middle-Aged Women Need to Do More Exercise
C．Fit Women Are Less Likely to Develop Dementia
D．Biking Improves Women’s Cardiovascular Fitness
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。依据“穿珠连串”法，由第一段最后一句可知，新的研究发现，身体健
康的中年女性在晚年患痴呆症的可能性要低近 90%，而且如果她们患上痴呆症，与不太喜
欢运动的女性相比，她们患痴呆症的时间要晚十年。再根据文章后面几段通过列举实验目的、
过程、方式、结果等，说明了身体健康的中年女性在老年时患痴呆症的概率会大大降低。故
选C。
技法二 文章大意题
——“主题句定位”寻主旨
说明文、记叙文、议论文三种文体涉及的多种话题，如社会文化类、人物故事类、科普
说明类，都会考查文章大意类题目。
设问方式
1．What is the text mainly about?
2．What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
3．What does the passage focus on?
此类试题的解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·C)
As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica，she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo
penguins(企鹅) longing to say hello.These gentle，lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-
started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood，Ginni，now 71，has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her
career(职业) as a professional dancer，she toured in the UK，but always longed to explore
further.When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest，she decided it was
time to take the plunge.
After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts，Ginni began to travel the
world，eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she
discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off
Tierra del Fuego，the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted
to go，” she says.“I had no idea about what I’d find there and I wasn’t nervous.I just wanted
to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”
In March 2008，Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she’d never met before，to begin
the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises，the whole
experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impression on me that no other place has，” Ginni
says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some
prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was
making underwater.”
The realization that this is a precious land，to be respected by humans，was one of the
biggest things that hit home to Ginni.
31．What is the text mainly about?
A．A childhood dream.
B．An unforgettable experience.
C．Sailing around the world.
D．Meeting animals in Antarctica.
答案 B
解析 主旨大意题。依据“主题句定位”法，通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“These
gentle，lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never
forget.”可知，An unforgettable experience(一次难忘的经历)能够概括文章主旨。故选B。
技法三 段落大意题
——首尾兼顾知段意
段落大意题常在说明文和议论文中考查。文章的每一个段落都要围绕一个特定的主题按
照一定的逻辑顺序展开，所以，段落的结构也有一定的规律性。相对于标题类试题和文章大
意类试题，段落大意类试题考查频率较低。
设问方式
1．What is the last paragraph mainly about?
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about...?
3．In the last paragraph，the author mainly tells us .4．Which of the following is the main idea of the second paragraph?
5．The third paragraph mainly tells us that .
此类试题的解题流程如下：
(2022·全国甲·D片段)
Sometime in the early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia.The city
discovered its harbor.Then，one after another，Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort
of there—broad parks，superb beaches，and a culturally diverse population.But it is the harbor
that makes the city.
32．What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A．Sydney’s striking architecture.
B．The cultural diversity of Sydney.
C．The key to Sydney’s development.
D．Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.
答案 C
解析 段落大意题。依据“首尾兼顾知段意”原则，即根据第一段中的“Sometime in the
early 1960s，a significant thing happened in Sydney，Australia.The city discovered its harbor.”
以及“But it is the harbor that makes the city.”可知，本段主要介绍了悉尼发展的关键是港口。
故选C。
A
(原创题) 选自：Scientific American
Humans are not the only animals that bear divorce；some birds go through it as well.A recent
study reveals why members of one such species，the Eurasian blue tit，sometimes break their
bond.
When ornithologists(鸟类学家) refer to “divorce”，they mean that both members of a
breeding pair survive to the following breeding season but end up pairing with new partners rather
than reuniting.Great blue herons divorce after every breeding season，and emperor penguins splitup around 85 percent of the time.In contrast，just 9 percent of mallard duck pairs call it quits，and
albatrosses almost never break up.Many researchers have focused on understanding how these
separations affect reproductive success，but until now few have focused on the process itself.
Behavioral ecologist Carol Gilsenan of the Max Planck Institute for Ornithology in Germany
and her colleagues monitored hundreds of Eurasian blue tits for eight years，using artificial nest
boxes in a protected forest in southern Germany.In their findings ， published in Animal
Behaviour，64 percent of breeding pairs split up during the study—even though faithful pairs
produced more eggs and reared more fledglings(幼鸟)．If both members of a pair returned to their
previous territory around the same time，they were more likely to reunite；if they were on
different schedules，they were more likely to separate.
“If you turn up early，you can’t afford to wait around，”Gilsenan says.“It could be that
your former mate is injured or even dead.If you wait，you may forgo a breeding opportunity，so
you need to pair up.”Adult death rate in blue tits is extremely high—around 50 percent—so the
bird that returns first is more likely to breed again by finding a new partner rather than risk being
left out entirely.The birds seem to be simply playing the odds.
The researchers also discovered that if pairs maintained contact outside the breeding season，
they were more likely to have synchronized schedules and therefore to remain faithful to each
other.
Josh A．Firth，a zoologist at the University of Oxford，who was not involved with the
study，says this analysis apparently rules out a number of other possible causes of bird divorce，
including low reproductive success rates，infidelity，and genetic or behavioral compatibility.“In
wild animal populations，” he says，“divorce can be driven by consequential effects—almost
accidentally.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。不仅人可以离婚，自然界中的鸟儿也可以“离婚”，这是因为
一个交配季节过后，这一对鸟儿就会分开，在下一个交配季节来临时，其中一个可能不回来
了，为了繁殖，另一只鸟儿就不再等待，而是去找一个新配偶。
1．Which birds of the following are faithful to their former partner?
A．Great blue herons.
B．Emperor penguins.
C．Mallard ducks.
D．Albatrosses.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第二段中的“In contrast，just 9 percent of mallard duck pairs call it
quits，and albatrosses almost never break up.”可知，信天翁这类鸟几乎不“离婚”，由此可
推断信天翁对自己的伴侣是最忠实的。故选D。2．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A．The result of Carol Gilsenan’s findings.
B．The reason why some birds will find a new partner.
C．The number of birds that pair with new partners.
D．The kinds of birds that bear divorce.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。由第四段第二、三句“It could be that your former mate is injured or even
dead.If you wait，you may forgo a breeding opportunity，so you need to pair up.”可知，本段主
要告诉我们鸟儿为什么在新的交配季节去找新的伴侣。故选B。
3．What is the best title for this passage?
A．Birds Break Up
B．Birds
C．Animals
D．Human and Nature
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。由第一段第一句“Humans are not the only animals that bear divorce；
some birds go through it as well.”以及下文多次提到鸟儿 divorce，break up，find a new
partner可知，A项适合作为本文的标题。故选A。
4．In which of the following would this passage most likely be found?
A．Science fiction. B．Newspaper.
C．Magazine. D．Website.
答案 C
解析 文章出处题。本文主题语境是人与自然，向我们讲述了鲜为人知的鸟儿也“离婚”现
象，所以最有可能是杂志上的一篇文章。故选C。
B
Forgiveness is important in children and adults for restoring relationships and limiting future
conflicts.A recent study suggests that teaching children to understand other people’s perspectives
could make it easier for them to learn how to forgive other people.The study also found that
teaching children to make sincere apologies can help them receive forgiveness from others.
Mulvey，an associate professor of psychology at North Carolina State University，led the
study.Her team enlisted 185 children，aged between 5 and 14，in the study.Researchers conducted
in an interview with each child that collected background information and assessed the child’s
“theory of mind” skills.Theory of mind is your ability to understand that someone else’s
beliefs，intentions and desires are different from your own.
Researchers then led each child through a series of scenarios(设想情况) involving other
children who are “in-group” and “out-group”．Specifically，each participant was told theywere part of a group，such as the green team.During interviews，researchers described some
children as also being on the green team(making them in-group)，while other children were on the
yellow team(making them out-group)．In each scenario，interviewers asked study participants
whether they were willing to forgive a group that left them out of a game or activity.
There were three main findings.First，children are more likely to forgive someone if he/she
has apologized.Second，children are more likely to forgive people who are “in-group”．
Third，the more advanced a child’s theory of mind skills are，the more likely they are to forgive
others.
The researchers identified two things that parents and teachers may want to focus on related to
forgiveness.One is helping kids understand how important it is to apologize in a meaningful
way.The second focus area is helping kids understand the perspectives of other people，even if
they are different from you.
Mulvey says，“One of the biggest implications of our study is that teachers and parents need
to actively help children cultivate theory of mind skills，which will aid them in navigating a
diverse and complex world in the future.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文，介绍了北卡罗来纳州立大学通过对185名儿童进行观察，研究
帮助儿童学会宽恕行为的方法。一是教会孩子们进行诚挚的道歉；二是帮助孩子理解其他人
的不同观点。
5．What do we know about the study participants?
A．They were divided into two groups based on the age.
B．They needed to offer some of their personal information.
C．They had to fill in a questionnaire about real-life situations.
D．They took part in a game or activity before each interview.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，参与研究的孩子需要提供个人的背景资料，故
选B。
6．According to the study，children are more likely to forgive others.
A．from higher social backgrounds
B．having the habit of apologizing
C．with better theory of mind skills
D．belonging to a different group
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，孩子的心理理论技能越高级，他们就越有可
能原谅他人，故选C。
7．What is the last paragraph mainly about?A．The possible effect of the study.
B．The limitation of the study.
C．The theoretical basis of the study.
D．The focus of future studies.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，本段主要讲的是这项研究可能产生的影响。故
选A。
8．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Forgiveness Helps Children to Limit Future Conflicts
B．Forgiveness：What Should Teachers and Parents Focus on?
C．Study Outlines Ways to Help Children Learn Forgiveness
D．Are You Willing to Forgive Others or Receive Forgiveness?
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其根据第一段最后两句可知，文章主要介绍了最近的一项研
究发现了如何让孩子学会宽恕，C项“研究展示了帮助孩子学会宽恕的办法”切题。故选
C。
强化练(七) 主旨大意题(1)
A
Woody Williams of Charlotte，North Carolina is simply Woody Williams，a retired graphic
artist and musician who plays in local clubs and bars.But online，the 72-year-old is known as
Funky Geezer (时髦老头)，and he’s got more than 3 million followers on TikTok alone!
In December 2020，Woody was staying in his home to avoid catching the COVID-19，just
like everybody else.He found himself with more free time than usual，and since he couldn’t go to
perform in a club or jam with any bands，he decided to check out what was happening online.He
downloaded TikTok and uploaded a short video of himself doing a little dance.The likes and
comments started pouring in，and before he knew it，his video had been viewed millions of
times!
Encouraged，Woody leaned in to his Funky Geezer persona(人设)，uploading more videos
to his channel.He enjoys connecting with people again，and always loves putting on a show to
make others smile.
Funky Geezer has now gone viral more than once，and he’s got a large following across all
of his social channels.He’s even getting requests to bring his dance moves to foreign lands，
although he’s not sure he’ll be traveling much beyond his usual circles.“I was asked to do shows in Canada，England and Micronesia，” he said.“I don’t even
know where Micronesia is.”
Woody says he doesn’t run his “Funky Geezer Show” for fame or fortune; he simply
wants to put a smile on someone’s face! “My motto is to inspire until you die，” he said，
adding，“I am just encouraging the newbies to come up，grab their guitar，get involved，and
express themselves.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了70多岁的老人Woody在抖音上发布短视频，从
而受到关注的经历和感受。
1．Why did Woody upload a short video on TikTok?
A．To pass time.
B．To attract followers.
C．To show a dancing style.
D．To promote local clubs and bars.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，Woody是因为疫情期间在家无聊，为了打发
时间才在抖音上发布短视频的。故选A项。
2．What did Woody do after the success of his first video?
A．He viewed millions of videos.
B．He encouraged others to jam with bands.
C．He began connecting people with dancing.
D．He went one step further towards his new persona.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Encouraged，Woody leaned in to his Funky Geezer
persona(人设)，uploading more videos to his channel.”可知，他进一步塑造了自己的人设。故
选D项。
3．What are paragraphs 4 and 5 mainly about?
A．How popular Woody is.
B．Where Woody will travel.
C．What channels Woody uses.
D．Why Woody moved abroad.
答案 A
解析 段落大意题。从第四段中的“Funky Geezer has now gone viral more than once”以及第
五段中的“I was asked to do shows in Canada，England and Micronesia”可知，Woody走红了，
而且还被邀请出国表演，由此可见他很受欢迎。故选A项。4．Which is a proper word to describe Woody?
A．Proud. B．Lazy.
C．Sensitive. D．Enthusiastic.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I am just encouraging the newbies to come up，grab
their guitar，and get involved，express themselves.”可知，他把自己跳舞的视频分享到抖音
上，而且他还想要激励新手，说明他是充满热情的。故选D项。
B
(2022·安徽“皖南八校”联考)
What does it take to become an astronaut？It’s a question that’s been asked since the start
of the Space Age in the 1960s.In those days，pilots were considered the most well-trained
professionals，so military fliers were first in line to go to space.More recently，people from a
wide range of professional backgrounds—doctors，scientists，and even teachers—have trained to
live and work in near-Earth orbit.Even so，those selected to go to space must meet high standards.
People who want to become astronauts must be in top physical condition.Each country’s
space program has health requirements for its space travelers.They usually assess a candidate’s
fitness to withstand some pretty tough conditions.For example，a good candidate must have the
ability to endure the rigors of lift-off and to function in weightlessness.All astronauts must have
good visual acuity and normal blood pressure.Beyond that，there is no age limit.Most astronaut
trainees are between the ages of 25 and 46，although older people have also flown to space later in
their careers.
People who go to space are usually self-confident，risk-takers，adept at stress management
and multitasking.They also need to be able to work as part of a team for any given assignment.On
Earth，astronauts are usually required to perform various public relations duties，such as speaking
to the public ， working with other professionals ， and sometimes even testifying before
government officials.So，astronauts who can relate well to many different kinds of people are seen
as valuable team members.
Often，astronauts have a background as scientists and many have high-level degrees，like
PhDs.Others have military training or space industry expertise.Regardless of their background，
once an astronaut is accepted into a country’s space program，he or she goes through rigorous
training to actually live and work in space.
5．Which of the following is of least importance to an astronaut?
A．Normal blood pressure.
B．Good eyesight.
C．Tough body.D．Young age.
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，成为宇航员并没有严格的年龄限制，甚至有
人在年龄较大的时候也飞往太空，所以相比其他条件，年龄对于宇航员是最不重要的。故选
D。
6．According to the passage，an astronaut is one who ________.
A．is strong and healthy
B．has self-confidence
C．can work under great pressure
D．all of the above
答案 D
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段前三句可知，宇航员需要健康和强壮的身体；根据第三段第
一句可知，宇航员充满自信且能承受高压，故选D。
7．Why are astronauts asked to perform public duties?
A．To make them famous among people.
B．To relieve their feelings of tension.
C．To raise their awareness of teamwork.
D．To promote public interest in the aerospace.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中第二、三、四句可知，宇航员被要求履行公共职责是为了
锻炼他们的团队合作能力，提高他们的团队合作意识，使他们成为团队中有价值的成员。故
选C。
8．What could be the best title for the passage?
A．Everyone Can Be an Astronaut
B．The Professional Qualities of an Astronaut
C．Training Astronauts is Much Easier Nowadays
D．It’s Not Mysterious to Be an Astronaut
答案 B
解析 标题归纳题。文章第一句“What does it take to become an astronaut？”以设问的方式
引起下文，是文章的主旨句，接下来具体分析了成为一名宇航员需要具备的专业素质，包括
身体素质、心理素质、专业知识等。B项(一名宇航员的专业素质)符合题意。故选B。
C
When evaluating people on various psychological tests，psychologists often distinguish
between markers of absolute performance and relative performance.Absolute performance reflects
the raw measurement of something，like the time it takes to run a mile.Relative performance ishow a person rates in relation to their peers，as in what place a runner gets in a race.
The standards we use to evaluate ourselves are almost always relative ，as we compare
ourselves to our peers and the standards that are most familiar to us.For instance，in my private
practice，I have one patient I will call “Omar” who is dependent on social services and makes
less than $30，000 per year at his job.While this level of poverty would lead most people to wake
up depressed each day，Omar is one of the most optimistic and appreciative individuals I
know.Why？Because most of his closest peers—his siblings and friends from childhood—have
lives far worse than his.
In contrast to Omar，I have another patient，an adolescent I’ll call “Lena”，whose
family has property over $5 million.Lena，however，lives in an upper-class neighborhood where
her family is at the lower end of the income level.Though Lena’s family allows her to enjoy
possessions and experiences that less than 1 percent of her peers across the world can share，she
consistently feels “less than”．Why？Because Lena doesn’t compare herself to the rest of the
world.This is too abstract an exercise for her，as it would be for most of us.
Accordingly，whether a psychologist is psychodynamic or cognitive-behavioral，therapy(疗
法) with individuals struggling with situational or psychological depression aims to solve the
problems associated with basing one’s self-worth on comparisons with others.Psychologists try to
help people focus on personal growth around the achievement of concrete goals in line with their
values，independent of the achievement of others.For all of us，defining these goals，especially
during periods of emotional calm，can go a long way in helping us to avoid the trap of relativity
that often leads to situational and psychological depression.
语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。主要介绍幸福与比较的关系，文章通过对比两个例子介绍了
两个收入不同、幸福感不同的人，说明一个人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的
人的类型。最后建议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。
9．What is the function of paragraph 1?
A．To show the significance of evaluating people.
B．To motivate readers to study psychological tests.
C．To help people perform well in psychological tests.
D．To provide some background information on evaluating people.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段可知，第一段提供了两种评估人的标准即“绝对性表现”和
“相对性表现”，为下文作铺垫。故选D。
10．Why does the author mention his two patients?
A．To measure different achievements.
B．To introduce the standards to evaluate people.C．To explain relative performance with examples.
D．To contrast relative performance and absolute performance.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句以及下文的介绍可知，作者通过举例子的方式介绍了
什么叫幸福和收入的相对性表现。故选C。
11．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?
A．Setting goals in life is essential for everyone.
B．It’s important to avoid unhealthy comparisons.
C．A sense of achievement can affect one’s happiness.
D．Improving self-worth can help get rid of depression.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，情境性心理抑郁是不健康的比较方式造成
的，所以我们得避免陷入它的陷阱。故选B。
12．What is the best title for the text?
A．Happiness：Is it all relative?
B．Self-worth：Is it measurable?
C．Self-worth：Is it based on efforts?
D．Happiness：Is it associated with achievements?
答案 A
解析 标题归纳题。通读分析文章结构可知，第一段介绍通过心理测试评估一个人时，心理
学家通常会区分绝对性表现和相对性表现的标志。第二、三段通过对比两个例子，说明一个
人的幸福通常取决于他们选择与自己进行比较的人的类型。第四段做出总结，对于那些患有
情境性或心理抑郁症的人经常会落入相对论的陷阱，并对自己的价值有一种扭曲的看法。建
议人们要建立自尊，避免不健康的比较。因此，文章主要介绍幸福与比较的相对性关系，故
选A。
强化练(八) 主旨大意题(2)
A
During the 1930s，the Great War broke out.A 25-year-old American soldier，probably never
thought that his life would change forever when he volunteered to go to France.
One night while the American unit was returning to the base after a bloody fight，Suleyman
stumbled into the ground and noticed a bit of movement from the bush.Being stuck between two
choices either it’s enemy or an animal，Suleyman found a five-year-old girl from the bushes
shivering with cold and utmost fear.Due to the atrocity of the war，the girl was abandoned by herfamily and the whole village was killed.
During the war，it was impossible to find the child’s family so Suleyman took this little
French girl under his wings and gave her an American name Flora which means like the
flower.Soon，Flora became the apple of the eye of everyone living in the army camp.
For one and a half years，Flora and Suleyman became inseparable；however，every fairy
tale comes to an end.When the war ended，Suleyman was sent back to the USA，while Flora was
put in an orphanage，the Normandy School，which was founded by the American government for
orphaned French children to have an education.
For years，Suleyman always thought about Flora.When the French National Olympic Team
was playing in the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles in 1984，Suleyman gazed through the
audience on TV，hoping to catch a glimpse of Flora，but he never could.
At the age of 85，Suleyman attended the 60th anniversary reception of the Great War where
Suleyman shared his story with American and French officials.After hearing his story，a French
journalist started to investigate the story，and all government files were read in detail.The moment
the journalist helped dial the number，in tears，Flora said Suleyman was her hero，and
everything came flooding back to her.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。讲述了第二次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵苏莱曼救了
一个女孩，取名弗洛拉。两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，直到弗洛拉被送入孤儿院，两人
分开。在苏莱曼85岁的时候，记者帮忙拨通了弗洛拉的电话，两人再次取得了联系。
1．What does the underlined word “atrocity” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Cruelty. B．Challenge.
C．Range. D．Stress.
答案 A
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“of the war，the girl was abandoned by her family and
the whole village was killed”可知，这个女孩被家人抛弃，整个村庄的人都被杀了，可见战
争血雨腥风、十分残酷，故画线词意思是“残酷”。故选A。
2．Why did Suleyman watch 1984 Summer Olympics?
A．Because Flora might be in the French team.
B．Because Suleyman was greatly interested in sports.
C．Because Flora might be watching the event.
D．Because Suleyman wanted to travel to Los Angeles.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句可知，苏莱曼观看1984年夏季奥运会是因为弗
洛拉可能在看比赛。故选C。
3．What can we learn from the passage?A．Flora and Suleyman became attached to each other.
B．Flora was sent to an orphanage called Normandy.
C．Suleyman found some animals in the bush.
D．Suleyman would never see Flora again.
答案 A
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“For one and a half years，Flora and Suleyman became
inseparable”可知，弗洛拉和苏莱曼相互依靠。故选A。
4．Which can serve as the best possible title for the text?
A．A Tough Flower in the War
B．The Influence of the War
C．The Lost and Found Love
D．The Apple of the Father’s Eye
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。文章讲述了第二次世界大战爆发时，25岁的美国士兵苏莱曼救了一个
女孩，取名弗洛拉。两人在一年半的时间里形影不离，直到弗洛拉被送入孤儿院，两人分开。
在苏莱曼85岁的时候，记者帮忙拨通了弗洛拉的电话，两人再次取得了联系。故 C项“爱
失而复得”最符合文章标题。故选C。
B
(2022·安徽马鞍山三模)
When learning a foreign language，most people fall back on traditional methods: reading，
writing，listening and repeating.But if you also gesture with your arms while studying，you can
remember the vocabulary better，even months later.Linking a word to brain areas responsible for
movement strengthens the memory of its meaning.
As neuroscientist Brian Mathias and his colleagues described in the Journal of
Neuroscience，they had 22 German-speaking adults learn a total of 90 invented artificial words
(such as “lamube” for “camera，” and “atesi” for “thought”) over four days.While
the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary，they were simultaneously(同时地) shown a video
of a person making a gesture that matched the meaning of the word.When the word was repeated，
they were supposed to perform the gesture themselves.Five months later，they were asked to
translate the vocabulary they had learned into German in a multiple-choice test.
At the same time，they had a device attached to their heads that sent weak pulses to their
primary motor cortex(皮层)—the brain area that controls voluntary arm movements.When these
interfering(干扰) signals were active，the subjects found it harder to recall the words accompanied
by gestures.When the device sent no interfering signals (but still appeared to the subjects to be
active)，they found it easier to remember the words.The researchers concluded that the motorcortex contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures.This applied to
concrete words，such as “camera”，as well as abstract ones，such as “thought”．
“Our results provide evidence for why learning techniques that involve the body’s motor
system should be used more often，” says Mathias.“I think we underuse gesture in our
classrooms.People use it spontaneously(自发地)，if they’re good teachers and good listeners.But
we don’t necessarily bring it into the class if we don’t think about it.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明大多数人都采取传统的方法学习一门外语：
读、写、听和重复。但是如果在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以更好地记忆词汇。
5．What were the subjects required to do in the test?
A．Repeat what other subjects describe.
B．Follow what the person in the video did.
C．Match the vocabulary with relative pictures.
D．Translate the vocabulary into a foreign language.
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“While the test subjects first heard the new vocabulary，
they were simultaneously(同时地) shown a video of a person making a gesture that matched the
meaning of the word.When the word was repeated，they were supposed to perform the gesture
themselves.”可知，测试对象被要求重复视频里的人所做的手势。故选B。
6．Why were pulses sent to the subjects’ motor cortex?
A．To control their body movements.
B．To shelter other interfering signals.
C．To identify the function of the motor cortex.
D．To confirm the abstract thoughts in their mind.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The researchers concluded that the motor cortex
contributed to the translation of the vocabulary learned with gestures.”可推断，发送脉冲是为了
确认运动皮层的功能。故选C。
7．What is Brian Mathias’ expectation of the research?
A．It will be carried out more frequently.
B．It will involve more concrete objects.
C．It will be applied to classroom teaching.
D．It will motivate his colleagues to participate.
答案 C
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think we underuse gesture in our classrooms.”可推断，Brian Mathias认为这一研究可以运用于课堂教学。故选C。
8．What is the best title for the text?
A．Good Learning Techniques Matter More
B．Repeating Strengthens Memory
C．Body Language Betters Communication
D．Gestures Help Learn New Words
答案 D
解析 标题归纳题。根据第一段内容并结合全文可知，文章主要说明大多数人都采取传统的
方法学习一门外语：读、写、听和重复。但是如果在学习的同时加上手势动作，可以更好地
记忆词汇。所以“Gestures Help Learn New Words”作为文章标题最为合适。故选D。
C
Often when we think of taking some time out and having a little R&R，the image that comes
to mind is that of being very still with the aim of moving as little as possible.Rest，we have come
to learn，means sitting down，putting our feet up and unburdening ourselves.
This is all good and well，and as a working mother of two，I completely appreciate the
physical exhaustion that comes from standing literally for hours followed by the cool wave of relief
that radiates from the soles of my feet upwards when I finally sit down.What is a better way to do
that than a day spent doing nothing?
So why，then，do I still find myself exhausted in the evening? I’ve done hardly any
physical activity at all，and how can I possibly be this tired? The answer，I realized，is down to
the fact that I wasn’t getting enough cognitive rest.Surfing，texting and answering emails，
engaging with people online，the news cycle and the endless worries，all of this can take place
while a person is fully curled up on the sofa in pajamas.All these things inhibit us from receiving
enough mental rest.
I caught up with CBT therapist Charlotte Luscombe who shared with me the importance of
switching off mentally as well as physically.She explains，“We can be physically still and resting
but that does not mean our bodies are in a relaxed state.Our minds can continue to race and can
cause anxiety when doing so.”
And what suggestions does Charlotte have for busy-minded individuals like me? “Active
rest，”she tells me.“Activities that help you to engage your mind can help you to relax even if
you are physically doing something，as this encourages cognitive rest.They can be yoga，
walking，reading，coloring etc.Even doing something active with your mind engaged will be
more restful than sitting down but worrying for hours.”
语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的普遍看法，接着提出无所事事
并不能帮助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息。然后介绍了一些有助于大脑
休息的建议。9．What is paragraph 1 mainly about?
A．The manner of sitting.
B．The common sense of rest.
C．The definition of a still life.
D．The physical tiredness.
答案 B
解析 段落大意题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段主要讲的是人们对休息的普遍看法。故选
B。
10．What does the underlined word “inhibit”in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Protect. B．Prevent.
C．Separate. D．Save.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“The answer，I realized，is down to the fact that I
wasn’t getting enough cognitive rest.Surfing，texting...All these things”以及后文“us from
receiving enough mental rest”可知，上网、发短信、回邮件、在网上与人交流、看新闻以及
无休止的担忧，所有这些都可能发生在一个人穿着睡衣完全蜷缩在沙发上的时候，所有这些
事情都阻止我们得到足够的精神上的休息。故画线词意思是“阻止”。故选B。
11．How can a busy-minded person stay more relaxed according to Charlotte?
A．Interacting online.
B．Doing nothing at home.
C．Focusing on reading.
D．Going to a therapist.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句可知，一个忙碌的人可以通过专注阅读来放松。
故选C。
12．What would be the best title for this text?
A．How to Correctly Sit Down
B．How to Timely Deal with Worries
C．How to Properly Rest Your Brain
D．How to Fully Engage Your Mind
答案 C
解析 标题归纳题。文章先是解释了人们对于休息的普遍看法，接着提出无所事事并不能帮
助大脑完全放松。这是因为没有得到足够的认知休息。然后介绍了一些有助于大脑休息的建
议。由此可知，C选项“如何让大脑得到适当的休息”最适合作文章标题。故选C。
